CN108293565A - The method for improving Xinjiang fruit tree field land utilization ratio and benefit - Google Patents
The method for improving Xinjiang fruit tree field land utilization ratio and benefit Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods improving Xinjiang South Sinkiang fruit tree field land utilization ratio and benefit, specially：Fruit tree uses south-north direction dwarfing planting mode；And fruit tree in the ranks, at least one of intercropping plant cumin, peanut, clover, cotton.Above-mentioned fruit tree includes any one of jujube tree, apple, bergamot pear, apricot, pomegranate, walnut, grape and almond；And trunks of fruit trees height meets respectively：Jujube tree trunk height meets 0.6 2.6 m, and apple meets 1.3 3.2 m with bergamot pear trunk height, and apricot, pomegranate and almond trunk height meet 0.7 3.0 m, and walnut trunk height meets 1.0 3.5 m, and grape stand height meets 1.9 2.1 m.By the trimming to jujube tree, apple, bergamot pear, apricot, pomegranate, walnut, grape and almond, is formed and downgrade coronule loose type tree structure；Fruit tree line-spacing meets 4.0 6.0 m simultaneously, and spacing in the rows meets 2.0 4.0 m.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to land utilization efficiency technical fields, more particularly to a kind of raising Xinjiang South Sinkiang fruit tree field land use
The method of rate and benefit.
Background technology
Summer over Xinjiang Region sunlight-heat reaources are extremely abundant, and day and night temperature is big, dry, and precipitation is rare, belong to typical and irrigate agriculture
Industry area provides possibility for artificial high efficiency regulatory crop growth, adds winter severe cold, and insect pest areas other compared with China are apparent
Gently, above-mentioned unique natural ecological condition provides safeguard for Xinjiang agricultural product " production is high of fine quality ".
It since Xinjiang agriculture carries out in oasis, is often wreaked havoc, then added by sandstorm for Xinjiang Oasis
The problem of upper existing oasis pattern of farming is single, and forest network construction is not perfect, oasis generally existing ecological environment frailty.
It for protecting ecology, takes into account and improves oasis farmers' income, Xinjiang optimizes oasis ecology structure in time, adjusts cotton planting
Area, large area raise fruit trees, including jujube tree, walnut, apple, bergamot pear, apricot etc., and Xinjiang fruit tree area is up to 19,000,000 mu at present
Left and right.
Due to unique natural ecological condition and cropping pattern, Economy in Xinjiang woods fruit plant type is shorter, planting fruit trees row, especially
It is to cause soil to be wasted with sunlight-heat reaources serious before fruit tree enters the best fruiting period.To make full use of Xinjiang fruit tree row soil to provide
Source and spring and summer sunlight-heat reaources, in addition to taking intercropping system plant cotton, wheat and corn in fruit tree row, can also between make cumin, flower
Make between life, clover, cotton or the mixing of the above crops etc..
Since market continues to increase Xinjiang cumin, peanut, cotton, poultry product consumption amount, Xinjiang cumin unit price is stablized
In 15-20 members, make 15-45 kgs/acre of cumin per mu yield, increasing peasant income 225-900 members/mu；Between make peanut yield up to 150-
350 kgs/acre, price 5-6 members/kilogram, it can not only eat raw, but also can extract oil, increasing peasant income 750-2100 members/mu；Make in fruit tree field
Cotton+Xinjiang cumin, the cotton made among it are national strategy goods and materials, 170-260 kilograms of the cotton unginned cotton per unit area yield made, price
7.0-8.0 members/kilogram, it now adds cumin and takes in, increasing peasant income 1415-2980 members/mu.Between the clover that makees, forage grass can be made, used
In developing animal husbandry；Green manure can also be made, improve soil.In short, making between scientific development fruit cotton field, can not only increase farmers' income,
Cotton region crop mix can also be optimized.
Make other plants in " having a large population and a few land " and nature-ecology restriction in fruit tree field（Refer mainly to light, heat, water, soil etc.）It can be same
When the developing country that meets fruit tree and make plant normal growth development have higher promotional value, and on American-European flourishing ground
Area up to now, has no developed country fruit since there is no " having a large population and a few land " problem along with above-mentioned cropping pattern recruitment is more
The report made between tree and other plants.In less developed country（Except China）Fruit tree main producing region the, although " people that generally existing is more serious
It is mostly few " problem, but due to not carrying out relevant research work, lack corresponding management method, in agricultural production fruit tree with
Other plant intercropping modes also have not been reported, in short, in addition to China, flourishing and less developed country is showed no fruit tree and other plants
The report of object intercropping mode application.
Jujube cotton, notched jujube are in Xinjiang of China and interior（Refer mainly to the provinces such as Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi）Have
Plantation, wherein Xinjiang area is larger, but without under the conditions of the Geographical of Xinjiang, studying suitable for Xinjiang fruit tree and cumin, flower
The intercropping mode made between life, clover, cotton, cumin or the mixing of the above crops.
Invention content
Make to be a kind of typical tree-dimentional growing model between fruit tree and other plants, which especially existed in fruit tree field
Before the fruit tree best fruiting period or fruit tree carries out with respect to the fruit tree field of thin planting.This pattern fully consider Xinjiang fruit tree generally take " it is small individual,
The cropping pattern and fruit tree main root of big group " are flourishing, and main root, lateral root and fibrous root are distributed in the deeper soil layer in underground, thus energy more
Enough absorb soil deep water point and nutrient.And inventor makees plant cumin, peanut, clover, vegetables, melon and fruit etc. generally between proposing
It pricks shallower under root system, thus thin solum water supply fertilizer can be relied on, make soil and light that plant is also left unused using fruit tree row
Thermal resource；Making plant along with some also has stronger shade tolerance, thus the pattern can make full use of fruit tree field different spaces
Soil, water and nutritional resource and the natural resources such as Xinjiang spring, summer, autumn illumination, temperature, it is ensured that peasant is in a large amount of fruitings of fruit tree
Before obtaining preferable benefit, increase farmers' income as plant by.The present invention proposes a kind of according to research in recent years and investigation result
Improve Xinjiang fruit tree field land utilization ratio and effective approach, this method includes planting fruit trees mode and requirement for height, makees plant
Title, kind and crucial matching method etc., specifically follow these steps to carry out：
A, planting fruit trees mode and requirement for height：Fruit tree uses south-north direction dwarfing planting mode, jujube tree trunk height 0.6-2.6
M, apple and bergamot pear trunk height 1.3-3.2 m, apricot, pomegranate and almond trunk height 0.7-3.0 m, walnut trunk height
1.0-3.5 m, the grape planted using stand, stand height 1.9-2.1 m；
B, make between fruit tree and cumin
In fruit tree row, make cumin, the new cumin of cumin variety selection 1, new cumin 2, new cumin 3, covering with ground sheeting, film is wide
1.20-2.35 m, wide-narrow row planting, average row away from 32-37 cm, hill spacing 9.5-11.0 cm, kg/ mus of the mu amount of broadcasting 0.3-0.6,
Depth of planting 1.5-2.0 cm, -15 days on the 2nd April of sowing time, side row cumin are 45-65 cm, mid or late June with fruit tree row distance
Harvest；
C, make between fruit tree and peanut
In fruit tree row, make peanut, peanut varieties selection flower educate No. 25, flower educate No. 33, four it is red, spend small guarantor No. 23, Hua little Bao
No. 25, seaflower No. 1, covering with ground sheeting, wide 1.25 m of film, sowing time are 15-May 1 April, and average row is away from 36-42 cm, double grains
Bunch planting, kg/ mus, depth of planting 3.5-5.0 cm of hill spacing 15.0-18.5 cm, application rate 14.0-20.0, side row peanut and fruit tree
Row distance is 75-95 cm, and 10 days-September of September harvests on the 25th；
D, make between fruit tree and clover
In fruit tree row, make clover, alfalfa variety may be selected " U.S. gold queen " alfalfa, " Algonquin " alfalfa,
River Tian great Ye clovers are generally sowed in late March to the first tenday period of a month in April, line-spacing 30-40 cm, drilling, application rate 0.7-1.2
Kg/ mus, side row clover is 65-85 cm with fruit tree row distance, and depth of planting is 1.8-2.2 cm；
E, make between fruit tree and cotton+Xinjiang cumin
In fruit tree row, intercropping cotton+Xinjiang cumin, cotton variety may be selected：New land is No. 57 early, new land is No. 61 early, new land early 64
Number, middle cotton No. 49, No. 54 in new land, No. 57 in new land, No. 64 in new land, 75, J206-5, Xin Hai in 73, new land in new land
45, new sea 48.Cumin variety selection Xinjiang is examined（Recognize）Fixed cumin kind：New cumin 1, No. 2, No. 3, covering with ground sheeting, film is wide
1.20-1.45 m, cotton are planted using width, wide row 50-60 cm, narrow row 20-35 cm, average row away from for 35-40 cm,
When selecting mulch wide cut type, accomplish that each fruit tree row plants the wide film cotton of 2 width or more, mulch joins every trade away from for 55-60
Cm, side row cotton are 65-120 cm with fruit tree row distance；Two row cumins are sowed in mulch handing-over row centre position, such as cotton on film
Flower wide row line-spacing 50-60 cm can sow 1-2 row cumins in the row；Cumin can early 4-7 days or same period sowing than the cotton made；
F, fruit tree neoasozin fill drip irrigation system when, can be in parallel with 2 water control valves by a stem water supply installation, realize fruit tree and
Between make plant have separate trickle irrigation tw o system control；In management process, when making plant and irrigating asynchronous with fruit tree,
Making the negative effect of plant between when to prevent from irrigating fruit tree pair, with behavior center where fruit tree, being formed on the two gusset ridge of fruit tree row
The special irrigation ditch of fruit tree, furrow width 0.9-1.2 m, ditch depth 0.2-0.3 m；Between when making plant and fruit tree pest of the same race occurring simultaneously,
Timely prevention must be synchronized；Between make plant pest damage occur, and fruit tree does not occur, using making plant between chemical pesticide control
It when pest, to avoid being sprayed onto on fruit tree because of chemical pesticide, cause the residual exceeded phenomenon of Tree Fruit agriculture.
Further, by the trimming to jujube tree, apple, bergamot pear, apricot, pomegranate, walnut and almond, it is small to form dwarfing
It is preced with loose type tree structure；Fruit tree line-spacing is determined as 4.0-6.0 m simultaneously, and spacing in the rows is determined as 2.0-4.0 m, so can not only be true
Make the space needed for plant and sunlight-heat reaources between guarantor, moreover it is possible to ensure normal mechanical work.
Further, step b, c, d fruit tree in the ranks make plant other management methods it is identical as in the case of its nonoculture；Step
Make between e fruit trees and cotton+Xinjiang cumin, wherein under the conditions of other management methods of cotton+Xinjiang cumin and cotton nonoculture between make
Cumin is essentially identical；Under above-mentioned all intercropping modes, the other management methods of fruit tree are identical as in the case of its nonoculture.
Further, it is characterised in that step b, people can be used in the Xinjiang d, e cumin, clover, peanut, cotton+Xinjiang cumin
Work and mechanical two kinds of seeding methods, are such as sowed using mechanical system, wherein Xinjiang cumin, peanut and cotton machinery work flow are
The prepartion of land of plastic film mulch row, suppression, plastic film mulch, punching, dibbling, earthing, the streamlined bunch planting work pattern of plantation row suppression on film, clover
Mechanical work flow is trench digging, earthing, the streamlined drilling work pattern of plantation row suppression, to ensure Xinjiang cumin and clover machinery
Sowing is uniform, and river sand is dried with 8-10 parts with 1 part of seed（Weight ratio）Seed-box mixed seeding is put into after mixing thoroughly.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment 1：Make embodiment between fruit tree and Xinjiang cumin
Broadcast preceding preparation
The third year stone contracted in the Xinjiang Awat County townshiies the A Yibage Kepings jade Si Tunke village Ah Bradley A Baike in 2015
Pomegranate field, planting behavior south-north direction, 4.8 m of pomegranate line-spacing, 4.0 m of spacing in the rows, by trimming, pomegranate current year height is 2.5 m, tree
Type is at dwarfing coronule loose type tree structure.It is filled with enough March 5 and broadcasts preceding water, pomegranate row turned in 5 April, depth of plowing
25cm.Before turning over, 40 kg/ mus of urea of input, 30 kg/ mus of threeflod calcium superphosphate fertilizer make base manure, dry 1-2 days, carry out after having ploughed ground
It rakes the soil level for 4 times, 20cm soil moisture contents are 23.5% after having harrowed ground, wait reaching with broadcasting " moisture in the soil, pine, broken, flat, net, neat " six word standards.
Sowing
In the ranks make Xinjiang cumin in pomegranate, cumin kind is new cumin 1, and using the wide 1.85m covering with ground sheeting of 2 width films, bunch planting is led to
Cross plastic film mulch, on film punching sow, earthing one continuous line mechanical work pattern, seeder uses Xinjiang section god agricultural equipment scientific and technological development
The 2BMK/6 seeders of Co., Ltd's production, April 7 sowing time, the first-class line-spacing of film plant 6 row cumins, the Xinjiang cumin made
Planting spacing is：32.0+32.0+32.0+32.0+32.0+55.0 (handing-over row) cm, average row is away from for 35.8 cm, hill spacing
For 10.0 cm, side row cumin is 52.5 cm, 0.4 kg/ mus of the mu amount of broadcasting, 1.5 cm of depth of planting with planting fruit trees row distance.
Field management
In Xinjiang cumin growth period, emphasis carries out field weeding work, keeps the clear keep free of weeds in field.Time of infertility weeding
2-3 times, first is inferior to the first tenday period of a month in May, and second is inferior to the middle ten days and the last ten days in May, is determined for the third time according to weeds in field Harm.
Preceding g/ mus of the 1 week foliage-spray 100-150 potassium dihydrogen phosphates 1 time of flower pollination, the grain filling phase continuously sprays 2-3 again
It is secondary, it is separated by 5-7 days, promotes full grains.
Xinjiang cumin occurs branches and leaves in the first tenday period of a month in June and dries up, and seed quickly full ripe, flavescence is received in time when medium well
It obtains, it is that in the morning and evening, at this moment cumin plant tide due to morning and evening field air humidity is big is soft, and seed is not easy to take off to harvest the specific time
It falls, yield rate can be improved, generally harvested 20 days or so June.Harvesting method is：Whole cumin is pulled up to dry in the shade and promotees its after-ripening,
The cumin color and luster that dries in the shade is bud green, exterior quality is fabulous.
Make the negative effect of plant Xinjiang cumin between when to prevent from irrigating pomegranate pair, with behavior center where fruit tree, in stone
The two gusset ridge of pomegranate row forms the special irrigation ditch of fruit tree, 1.2 m of furrow width, 0.25 m of ditch depth；Pomegranate and Xinjiang cumin stripping field, pomegranate
It is identical as in the case of its nonoculture respectively to make other management methods between the cumin of Xinjiang.
1 fruit tree field yield of embodiment and revenue analysis：Kg/ mus of Xinjiang cumin yield 42.5, pomegranate yield be 47 kilograms/
Mu, cumin unit price press 20 yuan/kilogram, and pomegranate unit price adds up 1555 yuan/mu of income based on 15 yuan/kilogram.
Embodiment 2：Make between fruit tree and peanut
Broadcast preceding preparation
2016 in the second year apple field that three branch Yan Lei of city of Aksu of Xinjiang red flag slope farm is contracted, apple Tian Weisha earth
Soil, apple cultivation behavior south-north direction, 5.5 m of line-spacing, 4.0 m of spacing in the rows, by trimming, apple tree current year height is 3.1 m, tree
Type is at dwarfing coronule loose type tree structure.It is filled with enough by the end of November in last year and broadcasts preceding water, apple tree is turned over April 18 current year
It ploughs, 30 cm of depth of plowing.Before turning over, 20 kg/ mus of 2.5 ton/mu of input organic fertilizer, 25 kg/ mus of urea, threeflod calcium superphosphate fertilizer work
Base fertilizer dries 1 day after having ploughed ground, carries out No. 3 rake a kind of farm tools, 20 cm soil moisture contents are 21.7% after rake a kind of farm tools is complete, it is ensured that wait reaching with broadcasting
To " moisture in the soil, pine, broken, flat, net, neat " six word standards.
Sowing
When making between fruit tree and peanut, peanut varieties selection flower educates No. 25, is sowed April 20, simple grain bunch planting is wide using 3 width films
1.25 m covering with ground sheeting, are sowed, earthing, scraping one continuous line mechanical work Pattern completion by punching on plastic film mulch, film, and seeder is adopted
The 2BMJQ-3/12 peanut precision planters produced with Keshen Farm Appts. Tech Development Co., Ltd., Xinjiang are made between each apple
Row 12 row peanuts of sowing, average row is away from 37.4 cm, and hill spacing is 17.5 cm, 16.5 kg/ mus of application rate, 4.5 cm of depth of planting,
Side row peanut is 78.3 cm with planting fruit trees row distance.
Tillage and weeding
Generally in peanut Feng Hangqian, three times, Feng Hanghou uprooting weed is primary for tillage and weeding.It intertills after peanut full stand for the first time immediately
It carries out, it is desirable that deep hoe promotes to prick under root system to abolish soil hardening layer；Second intertillage is carried out at clear after 16 days, shallow hoe,
It shaves weeds, so that peanut stem branch base portion is covered soil less as possible to keep restraining the growth of seedlings environment；Third time intertillage is carried out before ridging, deep hoe,
Thin hoe does not loosen bury gynophore and fruitful branch of damaging.Peanut enters the hot summer days after sealing ridge, and weeds easily grow and cannot intertill, can
A weeds are pulled out before harvest.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
The insect pest that peanut often occurs has grub, aphid and thrips etc., mainly based on cultural control, or seed coat agent is used to dress seed,
Spraying pesticide etc. is prevented.Seed coat agent selects 50% carbendazol wettable powder of Xinjiang Jin Hua pesticides Co., Ltd production to mix
Kind, dosage is the 0.3%-0.5% of seed weight, or is coated with peanut seed coat agent, pesticide-seeds ratio 1：50, or with 50% phoxim
Seed dressing, pesticide-seeds ratio press 1：500 seed dressings.
Peanut disease has fungi and bacterial disease, includes mainly leaf spot, net blotch etc., according to disease since the early flowering season
Per 10-15 days, medicine of spray, common medicament had 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 1500 times of liquid, 75% thiophanate wettable powder to feelings
1500-2000 times of liquid of agent, 80% 400 times of Mancozeb liquid, 75% 600-800 times of liquid of Bravo wettable powder, Bordeaux mixture 200
Times liquid etc. selects wherein a kind or 2 kinds of pesticides, sprays 2-3 time, each 50-75 L/ mus, can reach prevention and control disease
The effect of development.Late growth stage not spray carbendazim, to prevent inducing rust and generating excessive pesticide residues.
Harvest in due course
When the stagnation of peanut overground part plant strain growth, middle and lower part leaf abscission, the nyctinastic movement that upper blade daytime opens silk tree is insensitive
Or disappear, while the outer shell epidermis of pod, by yellowish-brown paleness brown, endocarp spongy tissue becomes thin and burst, and is become from white
Dark brown with metallic luster, seed benevolence are enriched full, and kind skin is when showing the intrinsic true qualities of the kinds such as pink or pink, you can receives
It obtains, is harvested within 21st in September.
Storage：Fresh peanut pod water content is generally 45-55%.To ensure pod quality, avoid going rotten rotten, answer and
When dry.Seed moisture content is less than 10%, so that it may to be put in storage storage.
To prevent the when of irrigating apple tree from having a negative impact to peanut, with behavior center where fruit tree, in apple cultivation row
The two gusset ridge form the special irrigation ditch of fruit tree, 0.9 m of furrow width, 0.2 m of ditch depth；Apple and peanut stripping field, between apple and peanut
Make other management methods with it is identical as in the case of its nonoculture respectively.
2 yield of embodiment and revenue analysis：Peanut yield is 352 kg/ mus, and peanut unit price is based on 5.5 yuan/kilogram, work
Peanut takes in 1936 yuan/mu or more.
Embodiment 3：Make between fruit tree and clover
Broadcast preceding preparation
The 3rd year core contracted in the Xinjiang Shaya County towns Tuo Yibaoledi Ku Mu Ai Ke village Ahs not all heat seal Man Aila in 2016
Peach field, the walnut field are loam, and walnut planting behavior south-north direction, 5.0 m of line-spacing, 4.0 m of spacing in the rows pass through trimming, walnut
Tree current year height is 3.4 m, and tree-shaped is at dwarfing coronule loose type tree structure.It is filled with enough by the end of November in last year and broadcasts preceding water, April 2
Day turns over walnut row, 20 cm or more of depth, before turning over, 1.5 ton/mu of input organic fertilizer, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 5-10 kg/
Mu makees base fertilizer, is dried 3-4 days after ploughing, and carries out 4 times with harrowing a kind of farm tools, 20 cm soil moisture contents are 24.1% after rake a kind of farm tools is complete, it is ensured that are waited for
Reach " moisture in the soil, pine, broken, flat, net, neat " six word standards with broadcasting.
Sowing
Make between selection walnut and clover, alfalfa variety is " U.S. gold queen " alfalfa, and selected alfalfa seed before sowing removes
The sundries such as sand, stone, fine earth, especially Semen Cuscutae seed.Felt can be layered on sieve, alfalfa seed is downward along woollen blanket
It spreads, Semen Cuscutae seed has hook thorn, can hang on felt, so that it is guaranteed that Semen Cuscutae seed is detached with alfalfa seed.Fresh clover
Seed contains the hardseed of 20%-30%, can seed be mixed rubbing with fine sand or be milled with ground rice machine, mill breaks in the seed coat, before broadcasting
Bask seeds 2-3 d again, can significantly improve germination percentage.
Between make clover April 5 sow, using etc. line-spacings machinery drilling, 36 cm of line-spacing broadcast 11 rows altogether；Due to alfalfa seed
Small, surface is smooth, and the amount of broadcasting is not easy to grasp, and to ensure that sowing is uniform, river sand is dried with 8-10 parts with 1 part of seed（Weight ratio）It mixes thoroughly
After be put into seed-box mixed seeding, average application rate is 0.8 kg/ mu, and side row clover is 70 cm with planting fruit trees row distance, and sowing is deeply
Degree is 2.0 cm.
Growing season management
It fills the gaps with seedlings：After emergence shows row, emergence situation is checked in time, location carries out artificial after-culture in time to being short of seedling.
Fertilising：It in combination with filling head water, and chases after into a small amount of nitrogenous fertilizer and soluble phosphoric manure before turning green or after cradling, generally chases after
Kg/ mus of phosphoric acid diamino 5-10 is applied, alfalfa output can be improved, improve alfalfa quality.
It pours water：Root system is small and weak when seedling of alfalfa, and Seedling drought-resistance ability is poor, to fill water in time, and branch and while buddingging respectively fill 1
Water, florescence do not pour water, and winter irrigation can improve ground temperature, and to be conducive to clover overwintering.In addition it pours water after harvesting 3-7d at every batch.
Disease, worm, prevention and control of weeds：Clover Major Diseases have a powdery mildew and downy mildew, sprayable sulfur powder or Bravo into
Row prevention；Insect pest mainly has aphid, can use ash enemy mixture, the sprinkling prevention of tobacco lime mixture.
The clover seedling stage aerial stem of plant is slow-growing, this period easily by Weed infestation, the shallow hoe in time when there is crop smothering, it is also possible to
The weedings such as herbicide simajine, Oxyfluorfen.
Semen Cuscutae is the malignant weed of alfalfa ground, and growth is faster than clover, winds and parasitizes on clover, influences clover production
Amount.Between make alfalfa ground and once find Semen Cuscutae, in crop smothering location, should manually be cradled in time together with clover flush with ground.
Harvest：The best cut issue of clover is generally in initial bloom stage.First batch, in 5 middle of the month, cradles 1 every 35-40 d later
Secondary, last stubble cradles 25d or so before clover stops growing and carries out, to ensure that clover root can accumulate certain nutrients
Matter is preferably sprouted for the overwintering and coming year.
The height for the stubble left should should be in 8 cm or so in 5 cm or so, mechanized harvest when clover cradles by hand.The lucerne cradled
Mu tiling ground is tedded, and waits for that moisture loses 60% or so, then hug bundling, and moisture loses 80% or so can pile in roping.
To prevent the when of irrigating peach from having a negative impact to peanut, with behavior center where fruit tree, row two is planted in peach
The gusset ridge forms the special irrigation ditch of fruit tree, 1.1 m of furrow width, 0.3 m of ditch depth；Peach and clover stripping field, make between peach and clover
Other management methods are identical as in the case of its nonoculture respectively.
3 fruit tree field yield of embodiment and performance analysis：Current year 15 kg/ mu of walnut yield per acre, walnut unit price press 20 yuan/
Kg takes in 300 yuan/mu, and 950 kg/ mus of alfalfa hay yield, the forage grass produced per acre can meet needed for 3-4 sheep.
Embodiment 4：Make between fruit tree and cotton+Xinjiang cumin
Broadcast preceding preparation
The 4th year jujube tree contracted in the Xinjiang Markit County diligent library Kimura Mai Maitiaili of Ga Zi Ku Le township Dai Erwa in 2017
Field, using jujube tree and cotton+intercropping culture pattern, jujube tree field uses trickle irrigation tw o system control, i.e., is supplied water and filled by a stem
Set, realization jujube tree and cotton+Xinjiang cumin 2 separate drip irrigation system engineering in parallel with 2 water control valves.Jujube tree plantation row
For south-north direction, 4.5 m of line-spacing, 2.0 m of spacing in the rows, by trimming, current year height is 2.5 m, and tree-shaped is at dwarfing coronule loose type
Tree structure is filled with enough December 15 last year and broadcasts preceding water, turned over to jujube tree row within 6th April, 25 cm of depth of plowing.It is turning over
Before, put into urea（Containing N 46%）Kg/ mus of 15-10, Diammonium phosphate (DAP)（N 14%-18%, P2O546%-50%）35-45
Kg/ mus, potassium sulfate（K2O 48%-52%）Kg/ mus of 10-15, barnyard manure 1.5-2.0 m3Kg/ mus of/mu or dregs of fat 80-100 make bottom
Fertilizer, drying 2-3 days after having ploughed, rake the soil level for 4 times, and 20 cm soil moisture contents are 21.7% after having harrowed ground, wait reaching with broadcasting " moisture in the soil,
It is loose, broken, flat, net, neat " six word standards.
Cotton+Xinjiang cumin sowing
In jujube tree row intercropping cotton+Xinjiang cumin, wherein cotton variety is new land early 57, and cumin kind is new cumin 3, is used
The wide 1.25 m covering with ground sheeting of 2 width films is sowed by punching on plastic film mulch, film, earthing, the mechanical precise hole sowing of scraping one continuous line complete cotton
Flower seeding operation, seeding machinery select the 2MBJ-2/8 essence amounts that Agricultural Machinery Repair and Producing Factory of Agriculture the First Div produces
Seeder uses 4 row cotton of wide-narrow row planting on film, makees row cotton planting spacing and is：20+60+20+60 (handing-over row)
Cm, average row plant two row Xinjiang cumins, two row cumin spacing 20.0 of cumin away from 40 cm, in wide film handing-over row centre position
Cm, a line cumin is broadcast in cotton wide row centre position on wide film, and cotton and cumin sowing time are April 10, and sowing cotton seed is deep
Degree is 3.1 cm, and cumin depth of planting is 2.0 cm, and side row cotton and jujube tree Planting Row Distance are from for 95 cm.
Cotton+Xinjiang cumin breeding period administration
Top dressing：Cotton development stage divide 6-8 times with water altogether drip fertilising material 60-70kg/ mus, wherein urea 45-50 kg/ mus, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Hydrogen potassium (P2O552%, K2O 34.5%) micro- total kg/ mus of 3-5 of fertilizer in kg/ mus of 10-15, boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, manganese fertilizer etc..
Base manure and top dressing can also be used the essentially identical fertilizer of other available nutrients to replace, and trickle irrigation top dressing must also be soluble in
Water, top dressing principle：Cotton flower bud phase is gently applied, and initial bloom stage increases, full blossom and Shengjing Town heavy dressing.
Cotton+Xinjiang cumin is irrigated：It irrigates between dividing and makees plant irrigation before seeding and breeding time irrigation, spring irrigation or winter irrigation are before broadcasting
It irrigates, irrigation volume is 150-200 m3/ mu；Breeding time is all made of drip irrigation irrigation, drips 12-15 times, in 20-June of May
Water dropper water on the 5th, water stopping time were spaced 6-7 days drops once, single filling amount 20-25 m in August 25 days and September 12 days3/ mu, evening drop
Head water stripping field head water water consumption and last water can increase to 27-30 m3/ mu, the time of infertility amount of dripping about 260-350 m3/
Mu.
Cotton time of infertility casing coupling amination tune 2-3 times, g/ mus of total dosage 6-10, wherein seedling flower bud phase spray mepiquat chloride 1-2
G/ mus, flowering and boll-setting period is as more prosperous such as growing way, sprays g/ mus of mepiquat chloride 2-3 per acre, and topping sprays g/ mus of mepiquat chloride 8-10 after 1 week；
To prevent the prosperous length of side shoot, the trickle irrigation time can also be coordinated to be adjusted with trickle irrigation amount, reach preferably structure cotton yield group structure,
Xinjiang cumin and jujube tree are adjusted without changing.
Jujube tree and cotton+Xinjiang cumin prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：Primary pest have jujube cecidomyiia, coccid, cotton spider mites, bollworm and
Cotten aphid, disease mainly have Fusarium and Verticillium wilts and damping-off, wherein heavier with jujube cecidomyiia, coccid, cotton spider mites harm
Coccid is prevented：Baume 5 is sprayed before the germination of early spring jujube treeoLime sulfur or the prevention of 5% diesel oil emulsion；
Jujube cecidomyiia prevents：Mid or late May sprays absorbability and pyrethroids class compounding agent insecticide 1-2 times；
Cotton spider mites are prevented：When generation cotton spider mites endanger, it is the key that cotton spider mites prevention that timely progress chemistry, which is chosen and controlled,.It can be used 20%
Clofentezine or or 2000-3000 times of 20% pyridaben and 3% 4000 times of mixed atomizings of avermectin；In addition autumn ploughing is taken as far as possible
Winter irrigation mode removes cotton field and surrounding weeds, pulls out the weeds such as field denticulate ixeris herb, field bindweed in time, reduces cotton spider mites host；
The non-chemical prevention of bollworm：The ground such as corn, wheat, rape, sorghum are selected around jujube tree and cotton+Xinjiang cumin stripping field
Block be it is adjacent or cotton field surrounding again between make the bait crops such as plant corn, clover, sorghum, spring rape；To not be only that natural enemy provides
Suitable inhabites and breeds place, increases Natural Enemies and quantity, gyplure, clap net, black light lamp can be also placed in cotton field
Or high-pressure sodium lamp traps bollworm adult or branch of poplar is bundled into pencil, is inserted among cotton field, is entangled with mesh bag before daily sunrise
Poplar branch is rocked after, achievees the purpose that capture bollworm adult；
Bollworm chemical prevention：When bollworm reaches index for control, biological pesticide and the change small to natural enemy lethal effect are preferably selected
It learns to farm medicine, biological pesticide has Bt preparations, bollworm NPV preparations, avermectin, pleocidin, print to remonstrate with plain preparation etc., chemical pesticide
There are the red missible oil of match, cream of decamethrin, gamma cyhalothrin and other pyrethroid pesticides etc.；
Cotton aphid control：The investigation and prevention for doing a good job of it cotton field center cotton plant lure the natural enemies such as aphid, release ladybug or artificial elimination with yellow plate
The methods of cotten aphid carries out, and cotton field surrounding and the yellow plate trapping cotten aphid of intermediate placement remove cotton field surrounding weeds；Spot film also may be used when occurring
It timely uses the spray of insecticide rotation spot film to control, such as uses imidacloprid, pyridine worm miaow, Diacloden water dispersible granules, chlorpyrifos ec
Insecticide；
Should be followed when preventing above-mentioned insect pest " early investigation, it is early find, early prevention, non-chemical prevention maximize, chemical prevention minimum
Change and do not pollute jujube and jujube and make plant joint defence " control principle, cotton-plant pest-insects pay attention to doing harm to cumin, jujube tree when preventing
Worm joint prevention and control；
Cotton spoting verticillium wilt is prevented：Mainly by plant cotton disease-resistant variety, prevent the seed for expanding numerous production using morbidity cotton field.
Harvesting：Cotton boll cracking should harvest in time after a week, and accomplish a point receipts, point solarization, partite transport, shop around, to ensure cotton matter
Amount and grade.It is fallen or other pollutions and damage due to easily leading to cotton field unginned cotton in jujube picking process, thus should first pick cotton
Flower, harvests jujube afterwards；
Cumin was harvested in June 20, cotton in the September 20-10 months 25.
To prevent the when of irrigating jujube tree from having a negative impact to cotton+Xinjiang cumin, with behavior center where fruit tree, in jujube tree
It plants the two gusset ridge of row and forms the special irrigation ditch of fruit tree, 0.9 m of furrow width, 0.25 m of ditch depth；Make between jujube tree and cotton+Xinjiang cumin
Field, the other management methods of jujube tree are identical as in the case of its nonoculture.Between make plant cotton+Xinjiang cumin it is other management with cotton nonoculture
Under the conditions of between make cumin management method it is identical.
4 fruit tree field yield of embodiment and revenue analysis：Jujube tree row intercropping cotton+cumin, 265 kg/ mus of jujube yield,
250.7 kg/ mus of output of cotton, 25.5 kg/ mus of cumin yield, cotton unit price based on 7.8 yuan/kilogram, cumin unit price by 15 yuan/
Kilogram meter, when 2337.96 yuan/mu of annual income.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method improving Xinjiang South Sinkiang fruit tree field land utilization ratio and benefit, which is characterized in that fruit tree is walked using north and south
To dwarfing planting mode；And fruit tree in the ranks, at least one of intercropping plant cumin, peanut, clover, cotton.
2. a kind of method improving Xinjiang South Sinkiang fruit tree field land utilization ratio and benefit according to claim 1, feature
It is, the fruit tree includes any one of jujube tree, apple, bergamot pear, apricot, pomegranate, walnut, grape and almond；And fruit tree
Trunk height meets respectively：Jujube tree trunk height meets 0.6-2.6 m, and apple meets 1.3-3.2 m, apricot with bergamot pear trunk height
Son, pomegranate and almond trunk height meet 0.7-3.0 m, and walnut trunk height meets 1.0-3.5 m, and grape stand height is full
Sufficient 1.9-2.1 m.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, by jujube tree, apple, bergamot pear, apricot, pomegranate, walnut,
The trimming of grape and almond forms and downgrades coronule loose type tree structure；Fruit tree line-spacing meets 4.0-6.0 m, spacing in the rows simultaneously
Meet 2.0-4.0 m.
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| CN109328841A (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2019-02-15 | 塔里木大学 | Make the cultivation under woods method of peanut between red jujube tree |
| CN112741051A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-05-04 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Method for collecting pure mature larvae of cecidomyiia mangifera |
| CN115500223A (en) * | 2022-11-02 | 2022-12-23 | 陕西省杂交油菜研究中心 | Planting method for intercropping rape in yellow soil plateau area apple and red date garden and realizing water-adaptive recarburization |
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