CN112997823A - Cold and cool region rice planting method based on straw total returning condition - Google Patents
Cold and cool region rice planting method based on straw total returning condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN112997823A CN112997823A CN202110201461.5A CN202110201461A CN112997823A CN 112997823 A CN112997823 A CN 112997823A CN 202110201461 A CN202110201461 A CN 202110201461A CN 112997823 A CN112997823 A CN 112997823A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
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- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-GFCCVEGCSA-N metalaxyl-M Chemical compound COCC(=O)N([C@H](C)C(=O)OC)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1C ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005886 Chlorantraniliprole Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- PSOVNZZNOMJUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorantraniliprole Chemical compound CNC(=O)C1=CC(Cl)=CC(C)=C1NC(=O)C1=CC(Br)=NN1C1=NC=CC=C1Cl PSOVNZZNOMJUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- MUJOIMFVNIBMKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N fludioxonil Chemical compound C=12OC(F)(F)OC2=CC=CC=1C1=CNC=C1C#N MUJOIMFVNIBMKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005476 Bentazone Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOMSMJKLGFBRBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentazone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NS(=O)(=O)N(C(C)C)C(=O)C2=C1 ZOMSMJKLGFBRBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CNBGNNVCVSKAQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzidamine Natural products C12=CC=CC=C2C(OCCCN(C)C)=NN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 CNBGNNVCVSKAQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- FFSSWMQPCJRCRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinclorac Chemical compound ClC1=CN=C2C(C(=O)O)=C(Cl)C=CC2=C1 FFSSWMQPCJRCRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AMFGTOFWMRQMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazophos Chemical compound N1=C(OP(=S)(OCC)OCC)N=CN1C1=CC=CC=C1 AMFGTOFWMRQMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000239348 Echinochloa crus galli var. praticola Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005807 Metalaxyl Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)alaninate Chemical compound COCC(=O)N(C(C)C(=O)OC)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1C ZQEIXNIJLIKNTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- AAEVYOVXGOFMJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N prometryn Chemical compound CSC1=NC(NC(C)C)=NC(NC(C)C)=N1 AAEVYOVXGOFMJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of rice cultivation, and provides a method for planting rice in a cold and cool area based on the condition of returning all straws to the field. The method comprises the steps of seed treatment, preparation before sowing, seedling bed management, transplanting and transplanting, timely harvesting, spraying of a microbial decomposition microbial inoculum, returning of the whole straw to the field, soil preparation and the like. The method solves the problems of low stability of the total amount of rice straws returning to the cultivation depth in the field, small straw coverage rate, tight coverage, uneven field returning, inconsistent operation width, tight ridge closing and other mechanized farming quality problems, and also solves the problems of low straw decomposition rate, overlong time and overhigh straw floating rate after the total amount of rice straws returning to the field. The invention can effectively reduce the fertilizer consumption, can increase the yield of the rice in the east rice planting area of Jilin province by more than 7 percent per hectare, increases the economic benefit per hectare by more than 1700 yuan, and has important significance for developing potential utilization space of straw resources, improving the crop yield and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, in particular to a method for planting rice in a cold and cool area based on the condition of returning all straws to the field.
Background
The straw returning is an important straw resource utilization mode. Domestic and foreign researches show that the whole plant and half amount of straw are chopped and returned to the field, so that the thousand grain weight is increased; the straw returning is beneficial to the accumulation of soil organic matters, the contents of elements such as N, P, K and the like in the soil can be improved, meanwhile, the effectiveness of the straw returning is obviously improved, the nutrient circulation of the soil is promoted, the sufficient fertility is improved for the growth of crops, and finally, the yield is improved; the straw returning can obviously stimulate the mass propagation of soil microorganisms and the improvement of activity, the bacteria number of a plough layer of 0-20cm is increased by 142.9 percent, the fungus number is increased by 115.0 percent, and in addition, the number of phosphorus-dissolving fungi is also obviously increased; after the straw is returned to the field for a long time, the diversity and the density of the weeds are obviously reduced, and the germination of the weed seeds is inhibited.
Although returning the straws to the field has a plurality of advantages, due to the machinery, technology, unique climatic conditions in cold areas and anoxic environment in paddy fields, the accumulated temperature required for effective decomposition of the straws is insufficient, the straws are slowly rotted, and the release amount of nutrient elements is small, so that a plurality of scientists have studied the straw decomposition agent aiming at the problems, and the results show that the biological compound microbial inoculum accelerates the rotting speed of the straws and promotes the release of the nutrient elements in the straws, and under the action of the biological microbial inoculum, the release period of a large amount of quick-acting phosphorus in the straws is advanced by 1 month, and the release amount of the.
According to most research reports at home and abroad, the rice straw returning tends to be full-mechanized, and the straw decomposition bacteria are combined for use, so that the straw decomposition can be accelerated, the organic matter content of soil can be increased, the pollution of wastes can be reduced, the crop yield can be increased, and the industrial development, the yield increase and the efficiency increase are facilitated. The rice straw is one of important organic fertilizer sources and is a valuable resource which can not be ignored in agricultural sustainable development. With the continuous improvement of the degree of agricultural mechanization and the level of social productivity, returning the whole amount of rice straws to the field has become an important measure for improving the soil quality and the ecological environment, and the importance is increasingly paid.
Jilin province rice planting area is big, the straw output is big, because the implementation of national environmental protection law and our province establish the strategic target of ecological province, the government stipulates the universe at present and forbids burning the straw. However, due to the lack of a suitable rice straw resource utilization technology, the phenomena of local burning and abandoning of a large amount of straws still exist, which not only causes serious environmental problems, but also causes resource waste. On the other hand, the back of the annual increase of the rice yield is the massive application and improper application of chemical fertilizers, which causes the problems of soil acidification, organic matter reduction, soil physical structure damage, soil fertility reduction, non-point source pollution and the like in the rice field.
Therefore, the technology of returning the total amount of the rice straws to the field is vigorously popularized, the rice straw resources are reasonably utilized, the potential utilization space of the straw resources is developed, the negative effects on the growth of crops and the ecological environment are relieved, and the technology has great significance on guaranteeing the grain safety and improving the soil quality and becomes a serious task.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of mechanized farming quality such as low stability, small straw coverage, non-tight coverage, non-uniform returning to field, inconsistent operation width, non-tight ridge combination and the like of the full returning of rice straws in the field and the problems of low straw decomposition rate, overlong time and overhigh straw floating rate after the full returning of rice straws to the field, and provides a rice planting method in a cold and cool area based on the condition of the full returning of straws, which reasonably utilizes rice straw resources, effectively reduces the fertilizer consumption and promotes the yield and income of rice.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for planting rice in a cold and cool area based on the condition of returning all straws to the field, which comprises the following steps:
s1, seed treatment:
(1) sun-drying seeds: spreading the mixture to a thickness of 8-10 cm, airing for 1-2 days, and turning over for 3-4 times every day;
(2) seed selection: putting rice seeds into saline water with the specific gravity of 1.1-1.2, removing blighted grains floating on the water surface, and then cleaning the selected seeds for 2-3 times by using clean water;
(3) seed soaking and disinfection: soaking seeds in a liquid medicine, wherein the liquid medicine is a bactericide and water, and the volume ratio of the bactericide to the water is 90-110 mL:100 jin of mixed solution is obtained by compounding, the soaking temperature is 18-22 ℃, and the soaking time is 4-6 days;
(4) accelerating germination: stacking the seeds after seed soaking and disinfection for germination acceleration, controlling the stacking thickness to be less than or equal to 50cm, controlling the temperature to be 28-30 ℃, turning over for 2-3 times every day, and when 80% of the seeds break the chest, namely the radicles break through the chaff, placing the seeds in a shade place for cooling and airing for sowing;
s2, preparation before sowing: preparing a soil preparation bed, and preparing seedling culture soil;
s3, sowing: sowing and raising seedlings in seedling raising soil from 4 months and 5 days to 4 months and 15 days, covering soil after sowing, covering a layer with sand, and then sealing with an aqueous solution of the propamol;
s4, managing the rice seedling bed:
sowing till seedling emergence, watering once in time to permeate water if the seedbed is short of water before seedling emergence, controlling the temperature at 25-30 ℃, and removing the mulching film when 70-80% of seedlings emerge;
when the seedling emergence period reaches 2.5 leaf periods, controlling the temperature at 25-28 ℃, ventilating and hardening seedlings in sunny days, and keeping the bed soil moist;
from the leaf stage 2.5 to the transplanting stage, when the outside temperature exceeds 20 ℃, ventilating and hardening seedlings, covering no film for hardening seedlings 4-5 days before transplanting, and applying additional fertilizer;
s5, transplanting and transplanting rice seedlings: transplanting and transplanting rice seedlings from 5 months and 15 days to 5 months and 25 days;
s6, timely harvesting: when 90-100% of rice grains turn yellow after being mature or one third of cob turns yellow, the optimal harvest period is reached, and the rice harvesting work is completed;
s7, spraying a microbial decomposition inoculant: after harvesting rice in autumn, spraying a microbial decomposition fungicide 1-3 days before returning the total amount of rice straws to the field, wherein the spraying amount is 40-60 kg/hectare;
s8, returning the whole straws to the field: returning the total amount of the rice straws to the field, wherein the field returning method is to cut the rice straws into the field by 5-7 cm, and the crushing length of the rice straws is less than or equal to 10 cm;
s9, soil preparation: after harvesting rice, when the water content of soil is less than or equal to 25%, carrying out rotary tillage on a field, wherein the rotary tillage depth is more than or equal to 15cm, discharging water to soak the field 15-25 days before rice transplanting in the spring of the next year, the field soaking depth is 2-3 cm higher than the surface of the soil after rotary tillage, the field soaking time is 3-5 d, stirring the slurry and leveling the field, keeping a water layer of 2-3 cm for slurry precipitation after slurry stirring and leveling the field, and carrying out rice transplanting after the slurry precipitation is finished, wherein the specific operation mode and the field management method are the same as the steps S5-S9, and the cycle is repeated all the year round.
Preferably, in step S1, the bactericide in the seed soaking disinfection process includes future taken pyrroles and/or metalaxyl-M, and when the bactericide is a mixture of future taken pyrroles and metalaxyl-M, the future taken pyrroles and metalaxyl-M are mixed according to 24-26 g per 1000mL: 37-38 g of the above-mentioned raw materials.
Preferably, in the step S2, the method for preparing the soil and making the bed comprises the steps of covering a shed 10-15 days before sowing, turning the seedling bed 8-12 cm, making the bed, and pouring bottom water thoroughly 1-2 days before sowing;
the method is characterized in that the seedling raising soil is dry land surface soil or mountain humus soil, the dry land surface soil or mountain humus soil is sticky and is required to be soil which is not applied with a herbicide in the previous year, the using amount of the seedling raising soil is 2-3 cubic meters per hectare, the particle size of the seedling raising soil is 50-60 meshes, and the seedling raising soil is stacked for 2-3 days after 200-300 g of ammonium sulfate, 25-75 g of urea, 100-150 g of diammonium, 50-150 g of potassium sulfate and 10-15 g of metalaxyl powder with the mass fraction of 40-60% are added into each cubic meter of the seedling raising soil.
Preferably, in the step S3, the seeding mode is manual seedling transplantation or mechanical seedling transplantation, the manual seedling transplantation adopts a 434-hole simple plastic seedling raising tray, the usage amount of the 434-hole simple plastic seedling raising tray is 330-380 per hectare, and the seeding amount of the manual seedling transplantation is 40-60 g per tray;
the mechanical seedling transplanting adopts a seedling raising tray of 30cm multiplied by 56cm, the using amount of the seedling raising tray of 30cm multiplied by 56cm is 300-340 per hectare, and the seeding amount of the mechanical seedling transplanting is 100-120 g per tray;
the water solution of the butachlor emulsifiable solution is prepared by mixing the butachlor emulsifiable solution and water according to the proportion of 20-40 mL/100 square meters and 20-40 kg/20 square meters, and the effective components of the butachlor emulsifiable solution are 25-35 wt% and prometryn 5-15 wt%.
Preferably, in the step S4, the top dressing is performed by applying an aqueous ammonium sulfate solution to every 80-120 trays of seedlings planted on the artificial planting trays or every 40-60 trays of seedlings planted on the mechanical planting trays, wherein the aqueous ammonium sulfate solution is 450-550 times the amount of aqueous ammonium sulfate diluted with water.
Preferably, in the step S5, the transplanting density is 15-17 holes/m2Each acupoint is 8-10 inches by 6-8 inches.
Preferably, the fertilization management of the rice comprises the steps of applying 250-350 kg of urea, 50-150 kg of diammonium and 50-150 kg of potassium chloride, and the specific application method comprises the following steps,
base fertilizer: after harvesting in autumn or before transplanting, deeply turning and applying 100-200 kg of urea, 50-150 kg of diammonium and 50-150 kg of potassium chloride per hectare;
and (3) fertilizing the tillers: applying 40-60 kg of urea per hectare 14-16 days after transplanting;
ear fertilization: at the final stage of tillering, 50-150 kg of urea per hectare is applied.
Preferably, the fertilization management of the rice comprises applying 350-450 kg/hectare of special fertilizer for the rice and 100-200 kg/hectare of urea, and the specific fertilization method comprises the following steps,
base fertilizer: after harvesting in autumn or before transplanting, applying 350-450 kg of special fertilizer for rice as base fertilizer in a full layer at one time before deep ploughing;
and (3) fertilizing the tillers: applying 40-60 kg of urea per hectare 14-16 days after transplanting;
ear fertilization: at the final stage of tillering, 50-150 kg of urea per hectare is applied.
Preferably, the irrigation management of the rice is as follows:
and (3) a green turning period: keeping the depth of the water layer to be two thirds of the height of the seedlings;
and (3) tillering stage: keeping the water layer less than or equal to 5cm, draining water at the termination period of effective tillering, drying in the sun until the opening is cracked, and leaving the field feet free of mud;
and (3) booting stage: keeping the water layer for 7-10 cm at 28-32 days before heading, and keeping the water layer for 18-22 cm at 5-15 days before heading;
and (3) mature period: keeping the water layer for 3-5 cm in low-temperature cold damage in heading stage-grouting stage, performing intermittent irrigation in milk stage-yellow stage, keeping the water layer for 1-3 cm, naturally drying, and then irrigating, wherein if early frost is encountered, the water layer is kept for 5-7 cm until the early frost is finished.
Preferably, the method for preventing and controlling the diseases and pests of the rice comprises the following steps:
(1) spraying a herbicide: 4-6 days before transplanting, spraying an aqueous solution of Marshall missible oil, wherein the aqueous solution is formed by mixing the Marshall missible oil and water according to the proportion of 1500-2500 mL/hectare to 15-25 kg;
preventing and removing the cockspur grass after topdressing for 7-10 days in the paddy field, and spraying an aqueous solution of quinclorac wettable powder, wherein the aqueous solution is formed by mixing the quinclorac wettable powder and water according to the proportion of 700-800 g to 150-250 kg per hectare, draining the water before application, draining the water after 23-25 hours after application, returning the water to the field, and keeping a water layer of 3-5 cm;
preventing and killing Sparganium stoloniferum at the last stage of rice tillering, and spraying an aqueous solution of bentazone methoxone aqua, wherein the aqueous solution is prepared by mixing the bentazone methoxone aqua and water according to a ratio of 1800-2200 mL/hectare to 350-450 kg, the water is drained before application, the water is discharged to the field after 23-25 hours after application, and the water layer is kept at 3-5 cm;
(2) spraying a pesticide: spraying a mixed aqueous solution of a chlorantraniliprole insecticide and an amino acid foliar fertilizer on a seedbed 2-3 days before rice seedling transplanting, wherein the mass fraction of the chlorantraniliprole insecticide is 35-45%, the mixed aqueous solution is formed by mixing the chlorantraniliprole insecticide, the amino acid foliar fertilizer and water according to the proportion of 15-17 g per 100 square meters, 50-150 mL, 25-35 kg, and spraying the mixed aqueous solution of the abamectin-chlorophenyl acyl insecticide and the amino acid foliar fertilizer at the end of 6 months, wherein the mass fraction of the abamectin-chlorophenyl acyl insecticide is 5-7%, and the mixed aqueous solution is formed by mixing the abamectin-chlorophenyl insecticide, the amino acid foliar fertilizer and water according to the proportion of 150-250 mL per hectare, 550-650 mL, 15-25 kg;
(3) spraying a bactericide: spraying 25-30% aqueous solution of tricyclohexazol bactericide for 1-2 times respectively in the heading stage and the heading stage of rice, wherein the aqueous solution is prepared by mixing tricyclohexazol bactericide with water according to the proportion of 800-1200 mL/hectare and 15-25 kg.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
1. solves the problems of low stability of the total amount of rice straws in the field cultivation depth, small straw coverage rate, loose coverage, uneven field returning, inconsistent operation width, loose ridge combination and other mechanized farming quality problems.
2. Solves the problems of low straw decomposition rate, overlong time and overhigh straw floating rate after the full amount of rice straws are returned to the field.
3. The effect of losing weight and improving efficiency and replacing partial fertilizer with organic fertilizer can be realized by promoting the full returning of the rice straws in the east rice planting area in Jilin province, and the experiment shows that the application of the technology can reduce the fertilizer consumption by more than 8 percent per hectare of paddy field.
4. The technology is popularized in the rice planting area of the east of Jilin province, can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of diseases, pests and weeds, achieves the effect of increasing the yield of rice by more than 7 percent per hectare, and increases the economic benefit by more than 1700 yuan per hectare.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for planting rice in a cold and cool area based on the condition of returning all straws to the field, which comprises the following steps:
s1, seed treatment:
(1) sun-drying seeds: spreading the mixture to a thickness of 8-10 cm, airing for 1-2 days, and turning over for 3-4 times every day;
(2) seed selection: putting rice seeds into saline water with the specific gravity of 1.1-1.2, removing blighted grains floating on the water surface, and then cleaning the selected seeds for 2-3 times by using clean water;
(3) seed soaking and disinfection: soaking seeds in a liquid medicine, wherein the liquid medicine is a bactericide and water, and the volume ratio of the bactericide to the water is 90-110 mL:100 jin of mixed solution is obtained by compounding, the soaking temperature is 18-22 ℃, and the soaking time is 4-6 days;
(4) accelerating germination: stacking the seeds after seed soaking and disinfection for germination acceleration, controlling the stacking thickness to be less than or equal to 50cm, controlling the temperature to be 28-30 ℃, turning over for 2-3 times every day, and when 80% of the seeds break the chest, namely the radicles break through the chaff, placing the seeds in a shade place for cooling and airing for sowing;
s2, preparation before sowing: preparing a soil preparation bed, and preparing seedling culture soil;
s3, sowing: sowing and raising seedlings in seedling raising soil from 4 months and 5 days to 4 months and 15 days, covering soil after sowing, covering a layer with sand, and then sealing with an aqueous solution of the propamol;
s4, managing the rice seedling bed:
sowing till seedling emergence, watering once in time to permeate water if the seedbed is short of water before seedling emergence, controlling the temperature at 25-30 ℃, and removing the mulching film when 70-80% of seedlings emerge;
when the seedling emergence period reaches 2.5 leaf periods, controlling the temperature at 25-28 ℃, ventilating and hardening seedlings in sunny days, and keeping the bed soil moist;
from the leaf stage 2.5 to the transplanting stage, when the outside temperature exceeds 20 ℃, ventilating and hardening seedlings are carried out, the ventilating and hardening time is preferably the standard that the temperature does not exceed 20 ℃, the seedlings are not covered with a film and hardened 4-5 days before the transplanting, and topdressing is applied;
s5, transplanting and transplanting rice seedlings: transplanting and transplanting rice seedlings from 5 months and 15 days to 5 months and 25 days;
s6, timely harvesting: when 90-100% of rice grains turn yellow after being mature or one third of cob turns yellow, the optimal harvest period is reached, and the rice harvesting work is completed;
s7, spraying a microbial decomposition inoculant: after harvesting rice in autumn, spraying a microbial decomposition fungicide 1-3 days before returning the total amount of rice straws to the field, wherein the spraying amount is 40-60 kg/hectare;
s8, returning the whole straws to the field: returning the total amount of the rice straws to the field, wherein the field returning method is to cut the rice straws into the field by 5-7 cm, and the crushing length of the rice straws is less than or equal to 10 cm;
s9, soil preparation: after harvesting rice, when the water content of soil is less than or equal to 25%, carrying out rotary tillage on a field, wherein the rotary tillage depth is more than or equal to 15cm, discharging water to soak the field 15-25 days before rice transplanting in the spring of the next year, the field soaking depth is 2-3 cm higher than the surface of the soil after rotary tillage, the field soaking time is 3-5 d, stirring the slurry and leveling the field, keeping a water layer of 2-3 cm for slurry precipitation after slurry stirring and leveling the field, and carrying out rice transplanting after the slurry precipitation is finished, wherein the specific operation mode and the field management method are the same as the steps S5-S9, and the cycle is repeated all the year round.
In the invention, in the step S1, the thickness of the flat spread of the sun seeds is 8-10 cm, and the preferable thickness is 9 cm;
the specific gravity of the saline water in the seed selection process is 1.1-1.2, and the preferable specific gravity is 1.13;
the ratio of the bactericide to water in the seed soaking and disinfecting process is 90-110 mL to 100 jin, and preferably 100mL to 100 jin; the bactericide preferably comprises future fludioxonil and/or metalaxyl-M, and when the bactericide is a mixture of future fludioxonil and metalaxyl-M, the future fludioxonil and the metalaxyl-M are preferably 24-26 g per 1000mL: 37-38 g, more preferably 25g:38g per 1000 mL; the soaking temperature is 18-22 ℃, the soaking time is preferably 4-6 days, and the soaking time is preferably 5 days;
the stacking thickness in the germination accelerating process is less than or equal to 50cm, preferably less than or equal to 45cm, and the temperature is controlled to be 28-30 ℃, preferably 29 ℃.
In the invention, in the step S2, the method of preparing soil and making a bed is preferably to shed the greenhouse 10 to 15 days before sowing, to make the bed after turning over the seedbed for 8 to 12cm, to thoroughly pour the bottom water 1 to 2 days before sowing, and is more preferably to shed the greenhouse 12 days before sowing, to make the bed after turning over the seedbed for 10cm, to thoroughly pour the bottom water 1 day before sowing;
the seedling raising soil is dry land surface soil or mountain humus soil, the dry land surface soil or mountain humus soil is sticky and must be soil which is not applied with a herbicide in the previous year, the using amount of the seedling raising soil is preferably 2-3 cubic meters per hectare, more preferably 2.5 cubic meters per hectare, the particle size of the seedling raising soil is preferably 50-60 meshes, more preferably 55 meshes, 200-300 g of ammonium sulfate, 25-75 g of urea, 100-150 g of diammonium, 50-150 g of potassium sulfate and 10-15 g of metalaxyl powder with the mass fraction of 40-60% are preferably added into each cubic meter of seedling raising soil, and 250g of ammonium sulfate, 50g of urea, 125g of diammonium, 100g of potassium sulfate and 10g of metalaxyl powder with the mass fraction of 50% are further preferably added.
In the present invention, in step S3, the seeding manner is preferably artificial or mechanical seedling transplantation, the artificial seedling transplantation preferably uses a 434-hole simple plastic seedling raising tray, the usage amount of the 434-hole simple plastic seedling raising tray is preferably 330 to 380 per hectare, more preferably 350 per hectare, and the seeding amount of the artificial seedling transplantation is preferably 40 to 60g per tray, more preferably 50g per tray;
the mechanical seedling transplanting is preferably a seedling raising tray of 30cm × 56cm, the using amount of the seedling raising tray of 30cm × 56cm is preferably 300-340/hectare, more preferably 320/hectare, and the seeding amount of the mechanical seedling transplanting is preferably 100-120 g/tray, more preferably 110 g/tray;
the aqueous solution of the butachlor emulsifiable concentrate is prepared by optimally selecting the butachlor emulsifiable concentrate and water per 100 square meters
20-40 mL of 20-40 kg of butachlor oil, more preferably 30-30 kg of butachlor oil per 100 square meters, wherein the effective components of the butachlor emulsifiable concentrate are preferably 25-35 wt% of butachlor and 5-15 wt% of prometryn, and more preferably 30 wt% of butachlor and 10 wt% of prometryn.
In the invention, in the step S4, the temperature from sowing to the seedling emergence stage is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, more preferably 28 ℃, and the mulching film is removed when 70-80% of seedlings emerge, more preferably 75% of seedlings emerge; the temperature from the seedling emergence stage to the 2.5 leaf stage is controlled to be 25-28 ℃, and the more preferable temperature is 26 ℃; the top dressing applied from the 2.5 leaf stage to the transplanting stage is preferably to apply ammonium sulfate aqueous solution to every 80-120 trays of seedlings of the artificial transplanting tray or every 40-60 trays of seedlings of the mechanical transplanting tray, more preferably to apply ammonium sulfate aqueous solution to every 100 trays of seedlings of the artificial transplanting tray or every 50 trays of seedlings of the mechanical transplanting tray, wherein the ammonium sulfate aqueous solution is 450-550 times of the ammonium sulfate diluted by water, and more preferably 500 times of the ammonium sulfate diluted by water.
In the present invention, in the step S5, the transplanting density is preferably 15-17 holes/m2More preferably 16.7 cells/m2Each acupoint is preferably 8-10 inches × 6-8 inches, and more preferably 9 inches × 6 inches.
In the invention, in the step S7, the spraying time of the microbial decomposition inoculant is 1 to 3 days before the full amount of rice straws are returned to the field, more preferably 2 days before the full amount of rice straws are returned to the field, and the spraying amount is 40 to 60 kg/hectare, more preferably 50 kg/hectare.
In the invention, in the step S8, the field returning method is to cut and return the field by 5-7 cm, more preferably to cut and return the field by 6cm, and the crushing length of the straw is less than or equal to 10cm, more preferably less than or equal to 8 cm.
In the invention, in the step S9, the water content of the soil is less than or equal to 25%, preferably less than or equal to 22%, the rotary tillage depth is greater than or equal to 15cm, preferably greater than or equal to 18cm, the time for discharging water and soaking the field is 15-25 days before seedling transplanting in spring of the second year, preferably 20 days before seedling transplanting, the depth for soaking the field is 2-3 cm, preferably 2.5cm, and the time for soaking the field is 3-5 days, preferably 4 days after rotary tillage.
In the invention, the fertilization management of the rice comprises the preferable application of 250-350 kg/ha of urea, 50-150 kg/ha of diammonium and 50-150 kg/ha of potassium chloride, the further preferable application of 300 kg/ha of urea, 100 kg/ha of diammonium and 100 kg/ha of potassium chloride, the specific application method is preferable,
base fertilizer: after harvesting in autumn or before transplanting, deeply turning and applying 100-200 kg of urea, 50-150 kg of diammonium and 50-150 kg of potassium chloride per hectare;
and (3) fertilizing the tillers: applying 40-60 kg of urea per hectare 14-16 days after transplanting;
ear fertilization: at the final stage of tillering, 50-150 kg of urea per hectare is applied,
it is further preferable that the concentration of the organic compound,
base fertilizer: after harvest in autumn or before transplantation, 150kg of urea, 100kg of diammonium and 100kg of potassium chloride are applied in combination with deep ploughing;
and (3) fertilizing the tillers: topdressing 50kg urea/hectare 15 days after transplanting;
ear fertilization: at the end of tillering, 100kg urea/ha was applied.
In the invention, the fertilization management of the rice comprises the steps of preferably applying 350-450 kg/hectare of the special fertilizer for the rice and 100-200 kg/hectare of the urea, further preferably applying 400 kg/hectare of the special fertilizer for the rice and 150 kg/hectare of the urea, and the specific fertilization method is preferably,
base fertilizer: after harvesting in autumn or before transplanting, applying 350-450 kg of special fertilizer for rice as base fertilizer in a full layer at one time before deep ploughing;
and (3) fertilizing the tillers: applying 40-60 kg of urea per hectare 14-16 days after transplanting;
ear fertilization: at the final stage of tillering, 50-150 kg of urea per hectare is applied,
it is further preferable that the concentration of the organic compound,
base fertilizer: 400kg of special fertilizer for rice is taken as base fertilizer to be applied in a full layer at one time before deep ploughing after harvesting in autumn or before transplanting;
and (3) fertilizing the tillers: topdressing 50kg urea/hectare 15 days after transplanting;
ear fertilization: at the end of tillering, 100kg urea/ha was applied.
In the present invention, the irrigation management of rice is preferably:
and (3) a green turning period: keeping the depth of the water layer to be two thirds of the height of the seedlings;
and (3) tillering stage: keeping the water layer less than or equal to 5cm, draining water at the termination period of effective tillering, drying in the sun until the opening is cracked, and leaving the field feet free of mud;
and (3) booting stage: the heading is preferably 28-32 days before heading, more preferably 30 days before heading, the water layer is preferably kept for 7-10 cm, more preferably 8cm, the water layer is preferably kept for 18-22 cm before heading is preferably 5-15 days before heading, and more preferably the water layer is kept for 20cm before heading is preferably 10 days;
and (3) mature period: and (3) keeping the water layer to be preferably 3-5 cm and further preferably 4cm at low-temperature cold damage in the heading stage-grouting stage, performing intermittent irrigation in the milk stage-yellow stage, keeping the water layer to be preferably 1-3 cm and further preferably 2cm, naturally drying, and then performing irrigation, wherein if early frost is encountered, the water layer is kept to be preferably 5-7 cm until the early frost is finished, and further preferably 6cm until the early frost is finished.
In the present invention, the method for controlling rice pests is preferably:
(1) spraying a herbicide: the method comprises the following steps of (1) preferably spraying an aqueous solution of Marshall emulsifiable concentrate for 4-6 days, more preferably 5 days before transplanting, wherein the aqueous solution is formed by mixing the Marshall emulsifiable concentrate with water according to a ratio of 1500-2500 mL/hectare to 15-25 kg, and more preferably 2000 mL/hectare to 20 kg;
after the additional fertilizer is applied to the paddy field, the cockspur grass of the old is controlled after 7-10 days, the cockspur grass of the old is controlled after 8 days, and the aqueous solution of quinclorac wettable powder is sprayed, wherein the aqueous solution is formed by mixing quinclorac wettable powder and water according to the proportion of 700-800 g: 150-250 kg per hectare, the water is further preferably mixed according to the proportion of 750g:200kg per hectare, the water is drained before the application, the water is discharged to the field after the application for 23-25 hours, the water is further preferably 24 hours, the water layer is kept preferably 3-5 cm, and the water layer is further preferably 4 cm;
preventing and killing Sparganium stoloniferum at the late tillering stage of rice, preferably spraying an aqueous solution of bentazone methoxone aqua, wherein the aqueous solution is prepared by mixing the bentazone methoxone aqua and water preferably according to the proportion of per hectare
1800-2200 mL of 350-450 kg, more preferably 2000 mL/ha of 400kg, by draining the water before application, preferably returning the water to the field after application for 23-25 hours, more preferably 24 hours, maintaining the water layer of preferably 3-5 cm, more preferably 4 cm;
(2) spraying a pesticide: the method is characterized in that 2-3 days are preferred before rice transplanting, 2 days are further preferred, a mixed aqueous solution of a chlorantraniliprole insecticide and an amino acid foliar fertilizer is preferably used on a seedbed and sprayed by a sprayer, the mass fraction of the chlorantraniliprole insecticide is preferably 35-45%, and 40% is further preferred, the mixed aqueous solution is formed by mixing the chlorantraniliprole insecticide and the amino acid foliar fertilizer with water according to a ratio of preferably 15-17 g/100 square meters, 50-150 mL/25-35 kg, and is further preferably formed by mixing 16 g/100 square meters, 100 mL/30 kg, the mixed aqueous solution of the abamectin and the amino acid foliar fertilizer is preferably sprayed by an agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle at the end of 6 months, the mass fraction of the abamectin is preferably 5-7%, and is further preferably 6%, the mixed aqueous solution is prepared by mixing an abamectin-chlorophenyl acyl insecticide, an amino acid foliar fertilizer and water preferably according to the proportion of 150-250 mL: 550-650 mL: 15-25 kg per hectare, and further preferably according to the proportion of 200mL:600mL:20kg per hectare;
(3) spraying a bactericide: in the heading stage and the heading stage of rice, an agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle is preferably used for spraying 1-2 times of 25-30% aqueous solution of tricyclohexyl hexaconazole bactericide by mass percent, more preferably 1 time of 27% aqueous solution of tricyclohexyl hexaconazole bactericide by mass percent, wherein the aqueous solution is prepared by mixing the tricyclohexyl hexaconazole bactericide and water according to the ratio of 800-1200 mL/hectare to 15-25 kg, and more preferably 1000 mL/hectare to 20 kg.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The test sites for the following examples are Longjing, and Longhe and Ann drawings, in the east of Jilin province.
S1, seed treatment:
(1) sun-drying seeds: spreading the rice seeds 9cm in length in the dry place for drying for 2 days (without insolation) before soaking the seeds, and turning over for 4 times every day;
(2) seed selection: putting the rice seeds into saline water with the specific gravity of 1.13, removing blighted grains floating on the water surface, and then cleaning the selected seeds for 3 times by using clean water;
(3) seed soaking and disinfection: the disinfectant is a Liangdun fungicide containing components of fludioxonil and metalaxyl-M. Putting 100ml of the Liangdun fungicide into 100 jin of water, uniformly stirring, putting the whole bag of the rice seeds filled into the mesh bag into the liquid medicine for soaking for 5 days at the temperature of 20 ℃. The seeds do not need to be turned over during the seed soaking period;
(4) accelerating germination: stacking the seeds subjected to seed soaking and disinfection in a whole bag for accelerating germination, wherein the stacking thickness is 45cm, the temperature is controlled at 29 ℃, turning over for 2 times every day, and when 80% of the seeds break the chest, namely the radicles break through the husks, placing the seeds in a shade place for cooling and airing for sowing;
s2, preparation before sowing: covering the greenhouse 12 days before sowing, turning the seedling bed for 10cm, making the seedling bed, and watering thoroughly 1 day before sowing to prepare seedling soil;
s3, sowing: sowing and raising seedlings in seedling raising soil from 4 months and 5 days to 4 months and 15 days, covering soil after sowing, covering a layer with sand, and then sealing with an aqueous solution of the propamol;
s4, managing the rice seedling bed:
sowing till seedling emergence, watering once in time to permeate water if the seedbed is lack of water before seedling emergence, controlling the temperature at 28 ℃, and removing the mulching film when seedling emergence is 75%;
when the seedling emergence period reaches 2.5 leaf period, the temperature is controlled at 26 ℃, the seedlings are ventilated and hardened in sunny days, and the bed soil is kept moist;
from the leaf stage 2.5 to the transplanting stage, when the outside temperature exceeds 20 ℃, ventilating and hardening seedlings are carried out, the ventilating and hardening time is preferably the standard that the temperature does not exceed 20 ℃, the seedlings are not covered with a film and hardened 4 days and 4 days before the transplanting, and topdressing is applied;
s5, transplanting and transplanting rice seedlings: transplanting and transplanting rice seedlings from 5 months and 15 days to 5 months and 25 days;
s6, timely harvesting: when 90% of rice grains turn yellow after being mature or one third of the cob turns yellow, the rice combine harvester is used for completing the rice harvesting work;
s7, spraying a microbial decomposition inoculant: after harvesting rice in autumn, uniformly spraying a microbial decomposition microbial inoculum produced by Jilin land fertilizer-rich science and technology Limited liability company by using an agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle 2 days before returning the total amount of rice straws to the field, wherein the spraying amount is 50 kg/hectare;
s8, returning the whole straws to the field: returning the total amount of rice straws to the field, wherein the field returning method is to cut off and return the rice straws to the field by 6cm, and the crushing length of the rice straws is 8 cm;
s9, soil preparation: after harvesting rice, when the water content of soil is 22%, carrying out rotary tillage on a field, adopting a reverse-rotation deep-burying rotary cultivator to carry out rotary tillage with the rotary tillage depth of 18cm, discharging water to soak the field 20 days before transplanting rice in the spring of the next year, the field soaking depth is 2.5cm higher than the surface of the soil after rotary tillage, the field soaking time is 4d, carrying out slurry stirring and land leveling after field soaking, keeping a water layer of 2cm after slurry stirring and land leveling, and carrying out rice transplanting after slurry sedimentation is finished, wherein the specific operation mode and the field management method are the same as the steps S5-S9, and the steps are circulated all the year round.
Experimental example 1
The above example 1 was compared with a conventional cultivation method, and the results are shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 analysis of economic benefits of paddy fields per hectare by applying the total straw return-to-field planting technique
From the above table, compared with the conventional cultivation method, the planting method of the embodiment 1 can reduce the fertilizer usage by more than 8% per hectare of paddy field, and can achieve the technical effects of increasing the yield of rice by more than 7% per hectare and increasing the economic benefit by more than 1700 yuan per hectare.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for planting rice in a cold and cool area based on the condition of returning all straws to the field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, seed treatment:
(1) sun-drying seeds: spreading the mixture to a thickness of 8-10 cm, airing for 1-2 days, and turning over for 3-4 times every day;
(2) seed selection: putting rice seeds into saline water with the specific gravity of 1.1-1.2, removing blighted grains floating on the water surface, and then cleaning the selected seeds for 2-3 times by using clean water;
(3) seed soaking and disinfection: soaking seeds in a liquid medicine, wherein the liquid medicine is a bactericide and water, and the volume ratio of the bactericide to the water is 90-110 mL:100 jin of mixed solution is obtained by compounding, the soaking temperature is 18-22 ℃, and the soaking time is 4-6 days;
(4) accelerating germination: stacking the seeds after seed soaking and disinfection for germination acceleration, controlling the stacking thickness to be less than or equal to 50cm, controlling the temperature to be 28-30 ℃, turning over for 2-3 times every day, and when 80% of the seeds break the chest, namely the radicles break through the chaff, placing the seeds in a shade place for cooling and airing for sowing;
s2, preparation before sowing: preparing a soil preparation bed, and preparing seedling culture soil;
s3, sowing: sowing and raising seedlings in seedling raising soil from 4 months and 5 days to 4 months and 15 days, covering soil after sowing, covering a layer with sand, and then sealing with an aqueous solution of the propamol;
s4, managing the rice seedling bed:
sowing till seedling emergence, watering once in time to permeate water if the seedbed is short of water before seedling emergence, controlling the temperature at 25-30 ℃, and removing the mulching film when 70-80% of seedlings emerge;
when the seedling emergence period reaches 2.5 leaf periods, controlling the temperature at 25-28 ℃, ventilating and hardening seedlings in sunny days, and keeping the bed soil moist;
from the leaf stage 2.5 to the transplanting stage, when the outside temperature exceeds 20 ℃, ventilating and hardening seedlings, covering no film for hardening seedlings 4-5 days before transplanting, and applying additional fertilizer;
s5, transplanting and transplanting rice seedlings: transplanting and transplanting rice seedlings from 5 months and 15 days to 5 months and 25 days;
s6, timely harvesting: when 90-100% of rice grains turn yellow after being mature or one third of cob turns yellow, the optimal harvest period is reached, and the rice harvesting work is completed;
s7, spraying a microbial decomposition inoculant: after harvesting rice in autumn, spraying a microbial decomposition fungicide 1-3 days before returning the total amount of rice straws to the field, wherein the spraying amount is 40-60 kg/hectare;
s8, returning the whole straws to the field: returning the total amount of the rice straws to the field, wherein the field returning method is to cut the rice straws into the field by 5-7 cm, and the crushing length of the rice straws is less than or equal to 10 cm;
s9, soil preparation: after harvesting rice, when the water content of soil is less than or equal to 25%, carrying out rotary tillage on a field, wherein the rotary tillage depth is more than or equal to 15cm, discharging water to soak the field 15-25 days before rice transplanting in the spring of the next year, the field soaking depth is 2-3 cm higher than the surface of the soil after rotary tillage, the field soaking time is 3-5 d, stirring the slurry and leveling the field, keeping a water layer of 2-3 cm for slurry precipitation after slurry stirring and leveling the field, and carrying out rice transplanting after the slurry precipitation is finished, wherein the specific operation mode and the field management method are the same as the steps S5-S9, and the cycle is repeated all the year round.
2. The method for planting rice in a cold and cool area under the condition of returning all straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the bactericide in the seed soaking disinfection process comprises future cases of fludioxonil and/or metalaxyl-M, and when the bactericide is a mixture of future cases of fludioxonil and metalaxyl-M, the future cases of fludioxonil and metalaxyl-M are 24-26 g per 1000mL: 37-38 g of the above-mentioned raw materials.
3. The rice planting method in a cold and cool area based on the condition of returning all straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the method for preparing soil is to cover the greenhouse 10-15 days before sowing, turn the seedbed 8-12 cm after turning over, and pour bottom water 1-2 days before sowing;
the method is characterized in that the seedling raising soil is dry land surface soil or mountain humus soil, the dry land surface soil or mountain humus soil is sticky and is required to be soil which is not applied with a herbicide in the previous year, the using amount of the seedling raising soil is 2-3 cubic meters per hectare, the particle size of the seedling raising soil is 50-60 meshes, and the seedling raising soil is stacked for 2-3 days after 200-300 g of ammonium sulfate, 25-75 g of urea, 100-150 g of diammonium, 50-150 g of potassium sulfate and 10-15 g of metalaxyl powder with the mass fraction of 40-60% are added into each cubic meter of the seedling raising soil.
4. The rice planting method in a cold and cool area based on the condition of returning all straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the sowing mode is manual seedling transplanting or mechanical seedling transplanting, the manual seedling transplanting adopts a 434-hole simple plastic seedling raising tray, the 434-hole simple plastic seedling raising tray is used in an amount of 330-380 seedlings per hectare, and the sowing amount of the manual seedling transplanting is 40-60 g/tray;
the mechanical seedling transplanting adopts a seedling raising tray of 30cm multiplied by 56cm, the using amount of the seedling raising tray of 30cm multiplied by 56cm is 300-340 per hectare, and the seeding amount of the mechanical seedling transplanting is 100-120 g per tray;
the water solution of the butachlor emulsifiable solution is prepared by mixing the butachlor emulsifiable solution and water according to the proportion of 20-40 mL/100 square meters and 20-40 kg/20 square meters, and the effective components of the butachlor emulsifiable solution are 25-35 wt% and prometryn 5-15 wt%.
5. The method for planting rice in a cold and cool area based on the condition of returning all straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the top dressing is carried out by watering ammonium sulfate aqueous solution to every 80-120 trays of seedlings planted manually or every 40-60 trays of seedlings planted mechanically, and the ammonium sulfate aqueous solution is 450-550 times of the ammonium sulfate aqueous solution diluted by water.
6. The rice planting method in cold and cool areas based on the condition of returning all straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the transplanting density is 15-17 holes/m2Each acupoint is 8-10 inches by 6-8 inches.
7. The rice planting method in cold regions based on the condition of returning all straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilization management of rice comprises applying 250-350 kg/ha of urea, 50-150 kg/ha of diammonium and 50-150 kg/ha of potassium chloride, and the specific application method comprises,
base fertilizer: after harvesting in autumn or before transplanting, deeply turning and applying 100-200 kg of urea, 50-150 kg of diammonium and 50-150 kg of potassium chloride per hectare;
and (3) fertilizing the tillers: applying 40-60 kg of urea per hectare 14-16 days after transplanting;
ear fertilization: at the final stage of tillering, 50-150 kg of urea per hectare is applied.
8. The rice planting method in cold regions based on the condition of returning all straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilization management of rice comprises applying rice-specific fertilizer 350-450 kg/hectare and urea 100-200 kg/hectare, and the specific fertilization method comprises,
base fertilizer: after harvesting in autumn or before transplanting, applying 350-450 kg of special fertilizer for rice as base fertilizer in a full layer at one time before deep ploughing;
and (3) fertilizing the tillers: applying 40-60 kg of urea per hectare 14-16 days after transplanting;
ear fertilization: at the final stage of tillering, 50-150 kg of urea per hectare is applied.
9. The method for planting rice in cold and cool areas based on the condition of returning all straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the irrigation management of the rice is as follows:
and (3) a green turning period: keeping the depth of the water layer to be two thirds of the height of the seedlings;
and (3) tillering stage: keeping the water layer less than or equal to 5cm, draining water at the termination period of effective tillering, drying in the sun until the opening is cracked, and leaving the field feet free of mud;
and (3) booting stage: keeping the water layer for 7-10 cm at 28-32 days before heading, and keeping the water layer for 18-22 cm at 5-15 days before heading;
and (3) mature period: keeping the water layer for 3-5 cm in low-temperature cold damage in heading stage-grouting stage, performing intermittent irrigation in milk stage-yellow stage, keeping the water layer for 1-3 cm, naturally drying, and then irrigating, wherein if early frost is encountered, the water layer is kept for 5-7 cm until the early frost is finished.
10. The rice planting method in the cold and cool area based on the condition of returning all straws to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pest control method of rice is as follows:
(1) spraying a herbicide: 4-6 days before transplanting, spraying an aqueous solution of Marshall missible oil, wherein the aqueous solution is formed by mixing the Marshall missible oil and water according to the proportion of 1500-2500 mL/hectare to 15-25 kg;
preventing and removing the cockspur grass after topdressing for 7-10 days in the paddy field, and spraying an aqueous solution of quinclorac wettable powder, wherein the aqueous solution is formed by mixing the quinclorac wettable powder and water according to the proportion of 700-800 g to 150-250 kg per hectare, draining the water before application, draining the water after 23-25 hours after application, returning the water to the field, and keeping a water layer of 3-5 cm;
preventing and killing Sparganium stoloniferum at the last stage of rice tillering, and spraying an aqueous solution of bentazone methoxone aqua, wherein the aqueous solution is prepared by mixing the bentazone methoxone aqua and water according to a ratio of 1800-2200 mL/hectare to 350-450 kg, the water is drained before application, the water is discharged to the field after 23-25 hours after application, and the water layer is kept at 3-5 cm;
(2) spraying a pesticide: spraying a mixed aqueous solution of a chlorantraniliprole insecticide and an amino acid foliar fertilizer on a seedbed 2-3 days before rice seedling transplanting, wherein the mass fraction of the chlorantraniliprole insecticide is 35-45%, the mixed aqueous solution is formed by mixing the chlorantraniliprole insecticide, the amino acid foliar fertilizer and water according to the proportion of 15-17 g/100 square meters, 50-150 mL/25-35 kg, spraying the mixed aqueous solution of the abamectin-chlorophenyl acyl insecticide and the amino acid foliar fertilizer at the end of 6 months, the mass fraction of the abamectin-chlorophenyl acyl insecticide is 5-7%, and the mixed aqueous solution is formed by mixing the abamectin-chlorophenyl insecticide, the amino acid and water according to the proportion of 150-250 mL/550-650 mL/15-25 kg/hectare;
(3) spraying a bactericide: spraying 25-30% aqueous solution of tricyclohexazol bactericide for 1-2 times respectively in the heading stage and the heading stage of rice, wherein the aqueous solution is prepared by mixing tricyclohexazol bactericide with water according to the proportion of 800-1200 mL/hectare and 15-25 kg.
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