CN113455364A - Summer greenhouse high-quality strawberry planting bag modularized cultivation method and device - Google Patents
Summer greenhouse high-quality strawberry planting bag modularized cultivation method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113455364A CN113455364A CN202110818593.2A CN202110818593A CN113455364A CN 113455364 A CN113455364 A CN 113455364A CN 202110818593 A CN202110818593 A CN 202110818593A CN 113455364 A CN113455364 A CN 113455364A
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a summer greenhouse high-quality strawberry planting bag modularized cultivation method and a device, which form short-day ecology below 10 hours by building heat preservation in winter and shading in summer and a greenhouse facility provided with a special ventilation window ventilation door for cooling, adopt mixed organic matrix planting bags to be combined with different planting bag bearing structures for ground, elevated and three-dimensional frame cultivation, have low vertical frame cost, simple installation, no terrain limitation, no need of special fertilization equipment, reduce the vertical frame and water and fertilizer management cost, realize the elevated and vertical frame cultivation of strawberries, overcome the continuous cropping obstacle of soil,the yield is improved by more than 30 percent compared with the conventional soil cultivation, and the production cost is saved by more than 40 percent compared with the existing elevated substrate cultivation, and each 667m2The annual income can be more than 4 ten thousand yuan, which is more beneficial to the popularization in agricultural production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit and vegetable planting, in particular to a summer greenhouse high-quality strawberry planting bag modularized cultivation method.
Background
The strawberries are seasonal fruits which are rich in nutrition and are deeply liked by the public, and usually, the strawberries are planted in winter, so that the market of fresh fruits in winter and spring is enriched, the economic benefit of farmers is improved, and the development of leisure agriculture and urban picking agriculture is promoted. At present, the strawberry cultivation method mainly comprises open field cultivation and greenhouse cultivation. The planting modes comprise soil cultivation, semi-matrix cultivation and matrix cultivation, the matrix cultivation has high yield, soil-borne diseases and continuous cropping obstacles can be overcome, the safety and high efficiency of strawberry production are realized, relatively mature technologies and modes are explored all over the country, in the matrix cultivation, the matrix mainly comprises peat, coconut chaff, perlite, vermiculite and the like, the fertilizer equipment mainly adopts a fertilizer applicator, and the fertilizer is a nutrient solution prepared from large, medium and trace elements and a special formula for strawberries.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the background that the high-quality fruits formed by the mature strawberry fruits need low temperature of 5-12 ℃ and the current production, the high-quality strawberries are produced in summer in areas with 3300 m high sea level and above, the invention provides a summer greenhouse high-quality strawberry planting bag modularized cultivation method and a device.
According to one object of the invention, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a summer greenhouse high-quality strawberry planting bag modularized cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing strawberry planting bag module and building vertical frame
S1.1 preparation of Mixed organic matrices
The mixed organic matrix is prepared from Chinese fir humus soil, coconut chaff and perlite, wherein the weight ratio of the Chinese fir humus soil to the perlite is 1: 1: 1, mixing;
when the matrix is mixed, 5kg of organic fertilizer, 0.5kg (N17: P17: K17) compound fertilizer and 0.2kg of EDDHA are evenly mixed in each cubic matrix;
s1.2 planting bag module manufacturing
Cutting a silver black and white black double-color cylindrical film with the diameter of 20-22cm and the thickness of 0.03-0.05 into a cylinder with the length of 80cm, 100cm or 120cm, filling the cylindrical film into the mixed organic matrix, and sealing the port to form a strawberry planting bag module;
s1.3 construction of vertical frame
Building a support frame by using steel pipes, bamboos or hollow bricks, paving asbestos tiles with the width of 40cm or planting bag supporting panels on the support frame to support planting bags, draining water by using grooves between the asbestos tiles and the planting bags, and paving mulching film grooves to support redundant fertilizer water;
the supports can be arranged into a single line, double lines or three lines according to the terrain, the finished product font is staggered in height in three lines and one group, and the line spacing is 60-70 cm;
s2, laying dropper and planting
The pipe diameter is 1.6mm, the distance between dripping holes is 10cm, the diameter of the dripping hole is 0.2mm, and the dripping flow is 1.5-2.0 L.h-1The dropper penetrates into the planting bag, the dropper is connected to the main pipe, the matrix is soaked by irrigation water of the dropper before planting, and holes are punched below the planting bag to discharge excessive water for planting;
uniformly planting 10, 12 or 14 plants in each bag according to the specification of the planting bag into two rows during planting, planting the plants beside a dropper, and watering enough root fixing water after planting;
s3, field management after final singling
S3.1 planting bag water and fertilizer management
When the seedlings are developed into 2 leaves after seedling recovery, the ratio of urea, potassium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, magnesium sulfate and EDDHA 1: 2: 2: 0.1: 0.05, 0.6-0.8 kg/667m per day2Dripping into strawberry planting bags at a concentration interval of 0.1-0.2% for 3-5 days to promote root and leaf growth;
in the flowering and fruiting period, urea, potassium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, magnesium sulfate and EDDHA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) 1: 2: 1: 0.2: 0.1, 0.9-1.1kg/667m per day2The amount of the components is mixed, and the components are dripped into the mixture at the concentration interval of 0.2-0.3% for 2-3 daysThe strawberry cultivation bags are arranged, the temperature can be longer at intervals when the temperature is low in winter and spring, and the amount can be reduced;
spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on leaf surfaces in the flowering and fruiting period to improve fruit setting rate and fruit quality, supplementing proper amount of calcium, magnesium and trace elements to promote nutrient balance in the production process, selecting medium and trace element water-soluble fertilizers or simple substance fertilizers, dripping or spraying the fertilizer on leaf surfaces with water, and supplementing proper amount of amino acid and humic acid water-soluble fertilizers once every 10-15 days to increase crop resistance and improve fruit quality;
water is supplied at proper time according to different growth stages of the strawberries in the growth process, after seedling revival, the water content in a planting bag in the seedling stage is kept at 70% of the maximum water holding capacity, proper drying is carried out to promote rooting, the water requirement in the flowering stage is large and is kept at 80%, and the water can be properly controlled 2-3 days before fruit harvesting, so that the fruit quality is improved;
s3.2 controlling the appropriate temperature
The temperature suitable for growth of the strawberries is 15-20 ℃ in the daytime and 5-12 ℃ at night, the temperature of 5-12 ℃ at night is kept to be favorable for forming high-quality fruits, the strawberry plants have certain cold resistance, when the temperature is reduced to be below 0 ℃, in order to promote the growth of the strawberries, the greenhouse is covered with a cover and kept at a temperature of more than 5 ℃ in the greenhouse, the temperature of 15-20 ℃ in the greenhouse is kept in the daytime and the temperature of 5-12 ℃ at night is kept in the greenhouse, and if the temperature in the greenhouse reaches to be more than 25 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is ventilated and reduced;
s3.3 leaf picking and fruit thinning
Old leaves and redundant stolons at the lower part of the plant are removed in time during the growth period so as to improve the illumination and ventilation conditions and reduce the harm of diseases and pests; removing weak, small, abnormal and high-grade flowers and fruits in inflorescences, wherein 5-8 fruits can be selected from each inflorescence, so that the fruit quality can be improved, and the fruit uniformity can be improved;
s4, prevention and cure of plant diseases and insect pests
The strawberry disease and pest control method is mainly used for preventing and controlling diseases such as powdery mildew, gray mold and anthracnose of strawberries and insect pests such as red spiders, aphids and thrips, strawberries are fresh-eating fruits, comprehensive anti-caking measures are adopted for preventing and controlling the diseases and pests, light, warm, water, fertilizer and gas are reinforced to manage, an environment suitable for growth of the strawberries is created, the disease resistance of the strawberries is improved, and the safety and the health of products are ensured by utilizing physical, biological and chemical prevention and control measures.
Further, in S2, two rows of 5 strawberries may be planted in 80cm long planting bag modules, and 10 strawberries are planted in each planting bag module; planting two rows of 6 plants in a planting bag module with the length of 100cm, and planting 12 plants in each planting bag; 7 plants were planted in each row of 120cm length, and 14 plants were planted in each planting bag module.
Furthermore, in the water and fertilizer management process of the S3.1 planting bag, water is dripped once a day in sunny days and once in 2-3 days in rainy days according to weather conditions until water seeps out.
Furthermore, in S4, disease-resistant varieties are selected for preventing powdery mildew, fertilizer and water management is enhanced, plants are prevented from being weak or overgrown, ventilation is paid attention to, and excessive humidity and abnormal drying in the shed are avoided; the seedling stage of the strawberry is prevented in advance, mancozeb is selected for spraying, and 50% of kresoxim-methyl water dispersible granules, 25% of ethirimol wettable powder and 40% of myclobutanil wettable powder can be alternately used during disease attack;
the prevention and control of the gray mold should prevent the greenhouse from being wet, avoid excessively applying high nitrogen fertilizer, control over dense and overgrown plants and keep the good ventilation in the greenhouse; the preparation can be sprayed for 1 time every 7 days and continuously sprayed for 2-3 times by using 10% polyoxin wettable powder and 50% procymidone wettable powder for prevention and treatment; in rainy days, 10% of a pythium fume agent or 45% of a chlorothalonil fume agent is selected for closed smoking;
75% chlorothalonil wettable powder is sprayed for 3-5 times in the early stage of the control of the anthracnose, or 0.4% Bordeaux mixture suspension is sprayed comprehensively to prevent the spread of diseases;
the prevention and treatment of red spiders should be timely watered, diseased leaves and dead leaves are removed to reduce insect source spread, 5% fenpyroximate suspending agent and 25% diafenthiuron suspending agent are alternately sprayed for use for medicament prevention and treatment, and the spraying is carried out once every 7 days;
the control of aphids removes old leaves in time to eliminate weeds, and yellow boards are arranged for trapping and killing; 70 percent of imidacloprid water dispersible granules and 70 percent of acetamiprid water dispersible granules can be sprayed for prevention and treatment of the pesticide;
old leaves are removed in time for controlling thrips, weeds are eliminated, and a blue plate is arranged for trapping and killing; the pesticide can be sprayed with 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granules or 70% acetamiprid water dispersible granules and 6% spinetoram suspending agent for spraying.
According to another purpose of the invention, the summer greenhouse high-quality strawberry planting bag modularized cultivation device comprises a strawberry planting greenhouse, the strawberry planting greenhouse comprises a plurality of arched greenhouse frameworks, greenhouse plastic films cover the arched greenhouse frameworks, heat-insulating layers cover the arched greenhouse frameworks in cold weather and cold seasons, ventilation windows arranged along the length direction of the strawberry planting greenhouse are arranged at the top of the strawberry planting greenhouse and on two side faces close to the ground, and darkroom ventilation doors are further arranged at two ends of the strawberry planting greenhouse.
Furthermore, the strawberry planting greenhouse is an ecological greenhouse which is large in span, symmetrically arched, large in ventilation window and capable of shading light in summer to form a dark night environment in the greenhouse.
Furthermore, the arched greenhouse skeleton is a symmetrical truss arch bar.
Further, the louver includes a top louver and a side louver.
Furthermore, the heat preservation layer is a heat preservation quilt, the strawberry planting greenhouse is provided with an electric winch for rolling the plastic film and the heat preservation quilt, and the ventilation window is an electric window.
Furthermore, the darkroom ventilation door comprises at least two pedestrian passages which are arranged in a staggered mode, and partition walls are arranged between the pedestrian passages.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a summer greenhouse high-quality strawberry planting bag modularized cultivation method and device, which adopts mixed organic substrate planting bags to be combined with different planting bag bearing structures to carry out ground, elevated and three-dimensional frame cultivation, has low vertical frame cost, simple installation, no limitation of terrain, no need of special fertilization equipment, reduced vertical frame and water and fertilizer management cost, realizes elevated and vertical frame cultivation of strawberries, overcomes continuous cropping obstacles of soil, improves the yield by more than 30 percent compared with the conventional soil cultivation, saves the production cost by more than 40 percent compared with the conventional soil cultivation, and saves the substrate cultivation per 667m2The annual income can be more than 4 ten thousand yuan, which is more beneficial to the popularization in agricultural production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a strawberry cultivation greenhouse of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is another schematic structural diagram of the strawberry cultivation greenhouse of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the darkroom vent door of the present invention;
fig. 4 is another schematic structural diagram of the strawberry cultivation greenhouse of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-strawberry planting greenhouse, 2-arched greenhouse skeleton, 3-plastic film, 4-top ventilation window, 5-side ventilation window, 6-darkroom ventilation door, 7-pedestrian passage, 8-partition wall, 9-electric winch, 10-push rod type window opener and 11-heat preservation quilt.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A summer greenhouse high-quality strawberry planting bag modularized cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, manufacturing strawberry planting bag module and building vertical frame
S1.1 preparation of Mixed organic matrices
The mixed organic matrix is prepared from fir humus soil: coconut husk: perlite is 1: 1: 1, mixing;
when the matrix is mixed, 5kg of organic fertilizer, 0.5kg (N17: P17: K17) compound fertilizer and 0.2kg of EDDHA are evenly mixed in each cubic matrix;
s1.2 planting bag module manufacturing
Cutting a silver black and white black double-color cylindrical film with the diameter of 20-22cm and the thickness of 0.03-0.05 into a cylinder with the length of 80cm, 100cm or 120cm, filling the cylindrical film into the mixed organic matrix, and sealing the port to form a strawberry planting bag module;
s1.3 construction of vertical frame
Building a support frame by using steel pipes, bamboos or hollow bricks, laying asbestos tiles with the width of 40cm or a planting bag bearing surface on the support frame to bear planting bags, draining water between the asbestos tiles and the planting bags by using grooves, and laying mulching film grooves to bear redundant fertilizer water;
the supports can be arranged into a single line, double lines or three lines according to the terrain, the finished product font is staggered in height in three lines and one group, and the line spacing is 60-70 cm;
s2, laying dropper and planting
A dropper with the diameter of 1.6mm, the distance between drip holes of 10cm, the diameter of the drip holes of 0.2mm and the dripping flow of 1.5-2.0 L.h < -1 > is adopted to penetrate into a planting bag, the dropper is connected to a main pipe, before planting, the matrix is soaked by irrigation water of the dropper, holes are punched below the planting bag to discharge excessive water, and planting is carried out;
uniformly planting 10, 12 or 14 plants in each bag according to the specification of the planting bag into two rows during planting, planting the plants beside a dropper, and watering enough root fixing water after planting; the planting bag modules with the length of 80cm can be used for planting two rows of strawberries, wherein each row comprises 5 strawberries, and each planting bag module is used for planting 10 strawberries; planting two rows of 6 plants in a planting bag module with the length of 100cm, and planting 12 plants in each planting bag; 7 plants were planted in each row of 120cm length, and 14 plants were planted in each planting bag module.
S3, field management after final singling
S3.1 planting bag water and fertilizer management
When the seedlings are developed into 2 leaves after seedling recovery, the ratio of urea, potassium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, magnesium sulfate and EDDHA 1: 2: 2: 0.1: 0.05, dripping into strawberry planting bags at 0.1-0.2% concentration interval for 3-5 days according to the amount of 0.6-0.8 kg/667m 2 per day, and promoting root and leaf growth;
in the flowering and fruiting period, urea, potassium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, magnesium sulfate and EDDHA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) 1: 2: 1: 0.2: 0.1, 0.9-1.1kg/667m per day2The amount of the strawberry cultivation bags is mixed, the strawberry cultivation bags are dripped into the strawberry cultivation bags at the concentration interval of 0.2-0.3% for 2-3 days, the interval is longer when the temperature is low in winter and spring, and the amount can be reduced;
spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on leaf surfaces in the flowering and fruiting period to improve fruit setting rate and fruit quality, supplementing proper amount of calcium, magnesium and trace elements to promote nutrient balance in the production process, selecting medium and trace element water-soluble fertilizers or simple substance fertilizers, dripping or spraying the fertilizer on leaf surfaces with water, and supplementing proper amount of amino acid and humic acid water-soluble fertilizers once every 10-15 days to increase crop resistance and improve fruit quality;
water is supplied at proper time according to different growth stages of the strawberries in the growth process, after seedling revival, the water content in a planting bag in the seedling stage is kept at 70% of the maximum water holding capacity, proper drying is carried out to promote rooting, the water requirement in the flowering stage is large and is kept at 80%, and the water can be properly controlled 2-3 days before fruit harvesting, so that the fruit quality is improved;
in the water and fertilizer management process of the planting bag, water is dripped once every day in sunny days and once every 2 to 3 days in rainy days according to the weather conditions until water seeps out.
S3.2 controlling the appropriate temperature
The temperature suitable for growth of the strawberries is 15-20 ℃ in the daytime and 5-12 ℃ at night, the temperature of 5-12 ℃ at night is kept to be favorable for forming high-quality fruits, the strawberry plants have certain cold resistance, when the temperature is reduced to be below 0 ℃, in order to promote the growth of the strawberries, the greenhouse is covered with a cover and kept at a temperature of more than 5 ℃ in the greenhouse, the management of the growth temperature of the strawberries is that the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 15-20 ℃ in the daytime and at 5-12 ℃ at night, and if the temperature in the greenhouse reaches to be more than 25 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is ventilated and reduced;
s3.3 leaf picking and fruit thinning
Old leaves and redundant stolons at the lower part of the plant are removed in time during the growth period so as to improve the illumination and ventilation conditions and reduce the harm of diseases and pests; removing weak, small, abnormal and high-grade flowers and fruits in inflorescences, wherein 5-8 fruits can be selected from each inflorescence, so that the fruit quality can be improved, and the fruit uniformity can be improved;
s4, prevention and cure of plant diseases and insect pests
The strawberry disease and pest control method is mainly used for preventing and controlling diseases such as powdery mildew, gray mold and anthracnose of strawberries and insect pests such as red spiders, aphids and thrips, strawberries are fresh-eating fruits, comprehensive anti-caking measures are adopted for preventing and controlling the diseases and pests, light, warm, water, fertilizer and gas are reinforced to manage, an environment suitable for growth of the strawberries is created, the disease resistance of the strawberries is improved, and the safety and the health of products are ensured by utilizing physical, biological and chemical prevention and control measures.
Disease-resistant varieties are selected for preventing powdery mildew, fertilizer and water management is enhanced, plants are prevented from being weak or overgrown, ventilation is paid attention to, and excessive humidity and abnormal drying in the greenhouse are avoided; the seedling stage of the strawberry is prevented in advance, mancozeb is selected for spraying, and 50% of kresoxim-methyl water dispersible granules, 25% of ethirimol wettable powder and 40% of myclobutanil wettable powder can be alternately used during disease attack;
the prevention and control of the gray mold should prevent the greenhouse from being wet, avoid excessively applying high nitrogen fertilizer, control over dense and overgrown plants and keep the good ventilation in the greenhouse; the preparation can be sprayed for 1 time every 7 days and continuously sprayed for 2-3 times by using 10% polyoxin wettable powder and 50% procymidone wettable powder for prevention and treatment; in rainy days, 10% of a pythium fume agent or 45% of a chlorothalonil fume agent is selected for closed smoking;
75% chlorothalonil wettable powder is sprayed for 3-5 times in the early stage of the control of the anthracnose, or 0.4% Bordeaux mixture suspension is sprayed comprehensively to prevent the spread of diseases;
the prevention and treatment of red spiders should be timely watered, diseased leaves and dead leaves are removed to reduce insect source spread, 5% fenpyroximate suspending agent and 25% diafenthiuron suspending agent are alternately sprayed for use for medicament prevention and treatment, and the spraying is carried out once every 7 days;
the control of aphids removes old leaves in time to eliminate weeds, and yellow boards are arranged for trapping and killing; 70 percent of imidacloprid water dispersible granules and 70 percent of acetamiprid water dispersible granules can be sprayed for prevention and treatment of the pesticide;
old leaves are removed in time for controlling thrips, weeds are eliminated, and a blue plate is arranged for trapping and killing; the pesticide can be sprayed with 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granules or 70% acetamiprid water dispersible granules and 6% spinetoram suspending agent for spraying.
Example 2
The Shangri-La industrialized high-quality strawberry production technology selects a sea level 3300 to select a large-span, symmetrical arch, large ventilation and shading ecological shed structure by matching low-temperature cooling in summer with greenhouse facilities, and is the key for producing high-quality strawberries in summer.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the invention provides a modular cultivation device for high-quality strawberry cultivation bags in a summer greenhouse, which comprises a strawberry cultivation greenhouse 1, wherein the strawberry cultivation greenhouse 1 comprises a plurality of arched greenhouse frameworks 2, and a plastic film 3 and a heat preservation quilt 11 are covered above the arched greenhouse frameworks 2.
The strawberry planting greenhouse is a large-span, symmetrical arch, large-ventilation and shading ecological greenhouse. The arched greenhouse skeleton is a symmetrical truss arch bar. The framework of the strawberry shed adopts a large span of more than 12 meters, and the arch is a symmetrical truss arch rod. The heat preservation layer is a heat preservation quilt, the shed cover adopts a plastic film with the thickness of 0.12mm and the heat preservation quilt cover, when the plastic film is covered, the shed roof is provided with a 1.2-meter wide integral ventilating window which is equal to the length of the shed, the two sides close to the ground are provided with 0.8-meter lateral ventilating windows, and the plastic film is covered with the heat preservation quilt. The shed roof is provided with an electric winch 9 for rolling the heat preservation quilt 11, and an electric opening device of the heat preservation quilt is adopted. The shed roof is equipped with the ventilation window that sets up along strawberry planting big-arch shelter length direction, and the ventilation window includes top ventilation window 4 and lateral part ventilation window 5, and top ventilation window 4 and lateral part ventilation window 5 are electronic windows, can electrically open the ventilation window device. The electric window opener may employ a push rod type window opener 10 for opening and closing the top ventilation window 4 and the side ventilation window 5.
The two ends of the greenhouse are covered by heat preservation in winter, and the two ends of the greenhouse are provided with the dark room ventilation doors 6 in summer, so that the purposes of enhancing ventilation and cooling in the greenhouse and preventing sunlight outside the greenhouse from illuminating the interior of the greenhouse are achieved. The darkroom ventilation door 6 comprises at least two pedestrian passages 7 which are arranged in a staggered mode, and a partition wall 8 is arranged between the pedestrian passages 7. When the greenhouse is covered with a heat preservation quilt or a black shading film to form short-day ecology in the greenhouse in the morning and evening, the ventilation doors of the dark rooms at the two ends of the greenhouse are kept open, and the temperature in the greenhouse is reduced.
A thermal shed is adopted to overcome low-temperature frozen soil in winter; the organic matrix planting bag module improves the yield and the commodity fruit rate; shading the greenhouse in summer to form a short-day ecology, and continuously blooming and fruiting; the ventilation of the greenhouse in summer is set to reduce the temperature in the greenhouse to create the growth temperature condition of the high-quality strawberries. By the construction of the key technical factors for planting the strawberries, the technical scheme for industrialized production of high-quality strawberries in summer is formed, the harvesting period of the strawberries can be longer than 12 months, the yield is higher than 6000kg, and the mu yield value is 10-15 ten thousand yuan.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A summer greenhouse high-quality strawberry planting bag modularized cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, manufacturing strawberry planting bag module and building vertical frame
S1.1 preparation of Mixed organic matrices
The mixed organic matrix is prepared from Chinese fir humus soil, coconut chaff and perlite, wherein the weight ratio of the Chinese fir humus soil to the perlite is 1: 1: 1, mixing;
when the matrix is mixed, 5kg of organic fertilizer, 0.5kg (N17: P17: K17) compound fertilizer and 0.2kg of EDDHA are evenly mixed in each cubic matrix;
s1.2 planting bag module manufacturing
Cutting a silver black and white black double-color cylindrical film with the diameter of 20-22cm and the thickness of 0.03-0.05 into a cylinder with the length of 80cm, 100cm or 120cm, filling the cylindrical film into the mixed organic matrix, and sealing the port to form a strawberry planting bag module;
s1.3 construction of vertical frame
Building a support frame by using steel pipes, bamboos or hollow bricks, paving asbestos tiles with the width of 40cm or planting bag supporting panels on the support frame to support planting bags, draining water by using grooves between the asbestos tiles and the planting bags, and paving mulching film grooves to support redundant fertilizer water;
the supports can be arranged into a single line, double lines or three lines according to the terrain, the finished product font is staggered in height in three lines and one group, and the line spacing is 60-70 cm;
s2, laying dropper and planting
The pipe diameter is 1.6mm, the distance between dripping holes is 10cm, the diameter of the dripping hole is 0.2mm, and the dripping flow is 1.5-2.0 L.h-1The dropper penetrates into the planting bag, the dropper is connected to the main pipe, the matrix is soaked by irrigation water of the dropper before planting, and holes are punched below the planting bag to discharge excessive water for planting;
uniformly planting 10, 12 or 14 plants in each bag according to the specification of the planting bag into two rows during planting, planting the plants beside a dropper, and watering enough root fixing water after planting;
s3, field management after final singling
S3.1 planting bag water and fertilizer management
When the seedlings are developed into 2 leaves after seedling recovery, the ratio of urea, potassium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, magnesium sulfate and EDDHA 1: 2: 2: 0.1: 0.05, 0.6-0.8 kg/667m per day2Dripping into strawberry planting bags at an interval of 3-5 days at a concentration of 0.1-0.2%, and promoting root and leaf growth;
in the flowering and fruiting period, urea, potassium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, magnesium sulfate and EDDHA (ethylene-vinyl acetate) 1: 2: 1: 0.2: 0.1, 0.9-1.1kg/667m per day2The amount of the strawberry cultivation bags is mixed, the strawberry cultivation bags are dripped into the strawberry cultivation bags at the concentration interval of 0.2-0.3% for 2-3 days, the interval is longer when the temperature is low in winter and spring, and the amount can be reduced;
spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on leaf surfaces in the flowering and fruiting period to improve fruit setting rate and fruit quality, supplementing proper amount of calcium, magnesium and trace elements to promote nutrient balance in the production process, selecting medium and trace element water-soluble fertilizers or simple substance fertilizers, dripping or spraying the fertilizer on leaf surfaces with water, and supplementing proper amount of amino acid and humic acid water-soluble fertilizers once every 10-15 days to increase crop resistance and improve fruit quality;
water is supplied at proper time according to different growth stages of the strawberries in the growth process, after seedling revival, the water content in a planting bag in the seedling stage is kept at 70% of the maximum water holding capacity, proper drying is carried out to promote rooting, the water requirement in the flowering stage is large and is kept at 80%, and the water can be properly controlled 2-3 days before fruit harvesting, so that the fruit quality is improved;
s3.2 controlling the appropriate temperature
The temperature suitable for the growth of the strawberries is 15-20 ℃ in the daytime and 5-12 ℃ at night, strawberry plants have certain cold resistance, when the temperature is reduced to be below 0 ℃, in order to promote the growth of the strawberries, the greenhouse is covered with a heat-preserving cover to be maintained at the temperature of more than 5 ℃ in the greenhouse, and if the temperature in the greenhouse reaches to be more than 25 ℃ in the daytime, the temperature is ventilated and reduced;
s3.3 leaf picking and fruit thinning
Old leaves and redundant stolons at the lower part of the plant are removed in time during the growth period so as to improve the illumination and ventilation conditions and reduce the harm of diseases and pests; removing weak, small, abnormal and high-grade flowers and fruits in inflorescences, wherein 5-8 fruits can be selected from each inflorescence, so that the fruit quality can be improved, and the fruit uniformity can be improved;
s4, prevention and cure of plant diseases and insect pests
The strawberry disease and pest control method is mainly used for preventing and controlling diseases such as powdery mildew, gray mold and anthracnose of strawberries and insect pests such as red spiders, aphids and thrips, strawberries are fresh-eating fruits, comprehensive anti-caking measures are adopted for preventing and controlling the diseases and pests, light, warm, water, fertilizer and gas are reinforced to manage, an environment suitable for growth of the strawberries is created, the disease resistance of the strawberries is improved, and the safety and the health of products are ensured by utilizing physical, biological and chemical prevention and control measures.
2. The summer greenhouse high-quality strawberry planting bag modularized cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in S2, planting bag modules 80cm long can plant two rows of strawberries, each row comprises 5, and each planting bag module plants 10 strawberries; planting two rows of 6 plants in a planting bag module with the length of 100cm, and planting 12 plants in each planting bag; 7 plants were planted in each row of 120cm length, and 14 plants were planted in each planting bag module.
3. The summer greenhouse high-quality strawberry planting bag modularized cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in S3.1 planting bag water and fertilizer management process, depending on weather conditions, water drops are taken once every day in sunny days and once every 2-3 days in rainy days until water seeps out.
4. The summer greenhouse high-quality strawberry planting bag modularized cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in S4, a disease-resistant variety is selected for preventing and treating powdery mildew, fertilizer and water management is enhanced, plants are prevented from being weak or overgrown, ventilation is paid attention to, and excessive humidity and abnormal drying in a greenhouse are avoided; the seedling stage of the strawberry is prevented in advance, mancozeb is selected for spraying, and 50% of kresoxim-methyl water dispersible granules, 25% of ethirimol wettable powder and 40% of myclobutanil wettable powder can be alternately used during disease attack;
the prevention and control of the gray mold should prevent the greenhouse from being wet, avoid excessively applying high nitrogen fertilizer, control over dense and overgrown plants and keep the good ventilation in the greenhouse; the preparation can be sprayed for 1 time every 7 days and continuously sprayed for 2-3 times by using 10% polyoxin wettable powder and 50% procymidone wettable powder for prevention and treatment; in rainy days, 10% of a pythium fume agent or 45% of a chlorothalonil fume agent is selected for closed smoking;
75% chlorothalonil wettable powder is sprayed for 3-5 times in the early stage of the control of the anthracnose, or 0.4% Bordeaux mixture suspension is sprayed comprehensively to prevent the spread of diseases;
the prevention and treatment of red spiders should be timely watered, diseased leaves and dead leaves are removed to reduce insect source spread, 5% fenpyroximate suspending agent and 25% diafenthiuron suspending agent are alternately sprayed for use for medicament prevention and treatment, and the spraying is carried out once every 7 days;
the control of aphids removes old leaves in time to eliminate weeds, and yellow boards are arranged for trapping and killing; 70 percent of imidacloprid water dispersible granules and 70 percent of acetamiprid water dispersible granules can be sprayed for prevention and treatment of the pesticide;
old leaves are removed in time for controlling thrips, weeds are eliminated, and a blue plate is arranged for trapping and killing; the pesticide can be sprayed with 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granules or 70% acetamiprid water dispersible granules and 6% spinetoram suspending agent for spraying.
5. The utility model provides a summer big-arch shelter high-quality strawberry planting bag modularization cultivation device, a serial communication port, plant the big-arch shelter including the strawberry, the strawberry is planted the big-arch shelter skeleton and is included a plurality of arch big-arch shelter skeletons, arch big-arch shelter skeleton's top covers there is big-arch shelter plastic film, and the cold season of weather covers the heat preservation, two sides that the strawberry was planted big-arch shelter top and was close to ground are provided with the edge the ventilation window that the big-arch shelter length direction set up is planted to the strawberry, the both ends that the big-arch shelter was planted to the strawberry still are equipped with darkroom ventilation door.
6. The summer greenhouse high-quality strawberry cultivation bag modularized cultivation device according to claim 5, wherein the strawberry cultivation greenhouse is an ecological greenhouse which is large in span, symmetrical in arch, large in ventilation window, and capable of shading light to form a dark night environment in the greenhouse.
7. The summer greenhouse high-quality strawberry cultivation bag modularized cultivation device according to claim 5, wherein the arched greenhouse skeleton is a symmetrical truss arch bar.
8. The summer greenhouse high-quality strawberry cultivation bag modularized cultivation device according to claim 5, wherein the ventilation windows comprise a top ventilation window and a side ventilation window.
9. The summer greenhouse high-quality strawberry cultivation bag modularization cultivation device according to claim 5, wherein the heat preservation layer is a heat preservation quilt, the strawberry cultivation greenhouse is provided with an electric winch for rolling the plastic film and the heat preservation quilt, and the ventilation window is an electric window.
10. The summer greenhouse high-quality strawberry cultivation bag modularization cultivation device of claim 5, wherein the darkroom ventilation door comprises at least two pedestrian passages which are arranged in a staggered mode, and a partition wall is arranged between the pedestrian passages.
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