CN106550849A - A kind of live garden building method of Zizyphus jujuba Mill heliogreenhouse - Google Patents
A kind of live garden building method of Zizyphus jujuba Mill heliogreenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN106550849A CN106550849A CN201611066262.3A CN201611066262A CN106550849A CN 106550849 A CN106550849 A CN 106550849A CN 201611066262 A CN201611066262 A CN 201611066262A CN 106550849 A CN106550849 A CN 106550849A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
A kind of live garden building method of Zizyphus jujuba Mill heliogreenhouse, comprises the following steps：1) build heliogreenhouse and carry out site preparation and fertilization；2) sowed as cultivation stock from Ziziphi Spinosae in early January；3) Zizyphus jujuba Mill scion being grafted on Ziziphi Spinosae stock rhizome in mid or late May, after November early and middle ten dayses fallen leaves, according to spacing in the rows, digging out unnecessary nursery stock transplanting other places, realization is sowed building well then, fruiting period entered in Second Year；4) after building well the first two years greenhouse jujube garden, topdress within 1 year 23 times, water 46 times, middle weeding, prevention and elimination of disease and pests；5) pruning is carried out to jujube tree by spindle or trunk shape；6) in the cooling on daytime of late October to November early and middle ten dayses, night ventilation, December early and middle ten dayses heat up heliogreenhouse stage by stage；7) for jujube growth different phase adjust heliogreenhouse in humiture, apply fertilizer, pour water, prevention and control disease pest, fruit picking.Present invention achieves 1 year sowing building well of jujube tree, drastically increases the economic benefit of jujube tree.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Zizyphus jujuba Mill tree planting field, and in particular to a kind of live garden building method of Zizyphus jujuba Mill heliogreenhouse.
Background technology
Jujube tree is the distinctive economic tree of China, accounts for more than the 98% of world's jujube tree gross area, goes through with long cultivation
History.Traditional jujube garden is set up by planting by stock, and transplanting survival rate is low, and the building well time is long, costly and with dry product kind processed
Based on, economic benefit is relatively low, has a strong impact on the enthusiasm for production of Fructus Jujubae agriculture.Particularly in recent years, the traditional cultivation mode of Fructus Jujubae is received
Climate change effect, Regional Rainfall and pest and disease damage increase, in addition extensive management, cause Fructus Jujubae dehiscent fruit, go rotten seriously, and worm Fructus Jujubae is more,
Have a strong impact on commercial value, quality and yield declines year after year, subregion even occur total crop failure, then plus Market Reasons, Fructus Jujubae agriculture receive
Enter to fall sharply, frustration, investment to jujube garden, management be difficult to follow up, and the quality and yield of Fructus Jujubae is difficult to improve, and forms pernicious following
Ring, red dates industry development have gone to critical period of a final and decisive juncture, how to improve that planting effect is industry research one
Focus.
The content of the invention
Present invention aims to above-mentioned the problems of the prior art, there is provided a kind of Zizyphus jujuba Mill heliogreenhouse is live to be built
Garden method, by adopting the live grafting method on the spot of Ziziphi Spinosae in heliogreenhouse, realizes 1 year sowing building well of jujube tree, greatly
The economic benefit of jujube tree is improve, while also foundation is provided for industrialized agriculture structural adjustment.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is comprised the following steps：
1) build heliogreenhouse and carry out site preparation and fertilization；
Mu applies the farm manure 5m for fully becoming thoroughly decomposed3～8m3, calcium phosphate 50kg～80kg, ferrous sulfate 5kg；
2) being sowed as cultivation stock from Ziziphi Spinosae in early January, bottom water being poured in sowing row, covering with plastic film is protected
Warm moisturizing, when Ziziphi Spinosae Seedling is unearthed, timely rupture of membranes puts Seedling, thinning after Seedling is neat；Before emerging, day temperature is maintained at 25 DEG C～28 DEG C, night
Between temperature be maintained at 15 DEG C～18 DEG C, after emerging, day temperature is maintained at 20 DEG C -25 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is maintained at 12 DEG C～15
DEG C, after the 1st true leaf grows, day temperature is maintained at 25 DEG C, and after 6-7 piece true leaves, day temperature is maintained at 25 DEG C～28 DEG C, night
Between temperature be maintained at 12 DEG C～15 DEG C, topdress 1-2 time when more than height of seedling 15cm, pinching during height of seedling 30cm；
3) Zizyphus jujuba Mill scion is grafted in Ziziphi Spinosae anvil by the stump when mid or late May, Ziziphi Spinosae stock stem slightly reached more than 0.5cm
On wooden rhizome, start to apply fertilizer after scion rudiment and pour water, mu applies carbamide 5kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10kg, pour permeable, interval is after 1 month
Same fertilising again once, removes sprout tillers；Grafting grow to 70cm it is high when, terminal bud pinching, November early and middle ten dayses fallen leaves after, according to strain
Away from, unnecessary nursery stock transplanting other places are dug out, realization is sowed building well then, enters fruiting period in Second Year；
4) after building well the first two years greenhouse jujube garden, topdress 2-3 time within 1 year, water 4-6 time, middle weeding, prevention and elimination of disease and pests；
5) pruning is carried out to jujube tree by spindle or trunk shape；
6) heliogreenhouse covers shading in late October to November early and middle ten dayses daytime, reduces indoor temperature；Night ventilation drops
To 0 DEG C～7.2 DEG C, before heating up, daylight greenhouse floor covers black mulch film to temperature, promotes ground temperature to go up to more than 10 DEG C as early as possible；Daylight
Shade is opened stage by stage carry out drawing in December early and middle ten dayses and cover intensification with mat in greenhouse；Florescence ventilation is carried out with outside air temperature change；
7) for jujube growth different phase adjust heliogreenhouse in humiture, apply fertilizer, pour water, prevention and control disease pest, fruit picking.
To sit 5 °～7 ° of north orientation south by west, thing extends the construction parameter of heliogreenhouse, and less than ground 60cm, span is 9m
～10m, rear wall are highly 3.2m～3.5m, a height of 4.7m～5.2m of ridge, and length is 80m；It is 24cm brick walls inside and outside arranging, hollow
10cm～15cm, external application 10cm thick polystyrene board；Roofing is 15cm thickness color steels, 50 ° of the elevation angle afterwards；Front roof is round for arch
Double string formula zinc-plated steel frames, the double string formula arch bar spacing in longitudinal direction are 1.0m～1.2m, and three road of horizontally set Ф 15mm pull bars is with fixed arch
Bar, lighting surface base angle are 60 °～70 °, and middle and upper part roofing angle is 30 °～35 °；Front roof selects polyethylene composite film or acetic acid second
Used as clear covering, insulation material selects space wadding quilt to alkene polymer agricultural film, and thickness is 4cm～5cm, and supporting installation is automatic
Shutter and film-coiling device；Greenhouse forward position arranges the Cold-proof Ditch of depth 100cm, inside fills out the thick polystyrene board of 20cm.
Round pair of string formula zinc-plated steel frame of the arch winds up as Ф 20mm steel pipes, and lower edge is Ф 15mm steel pipes.
According to 1.5m line-spacings during site preparation and fertilization, width 50cm, the ditch of depth 60cm are excavated in north-south, then farm manure is mixed with loess
Close in uniform back-filling trench, flatten and wait to broadcast.
The scion of Fructus Jujubae, early crisp king, the crisp honey of volt or Lingwu Long Jujube is selected to carry out grafting；Ziziphi Spinosae presses 50cm spacing in the rows point when sowing
Plant 3-4 grains, earthing 2cm～3cm.
Described spindle does a height of 30cm, and the height of tree is 1.6m～1.8m, stays skeleton branch 6-8, straggly verticillate in trunk
On, 70 °～80 ° of angle, adjacent key interval between branch 20cm～25cm, the long 50cm～60cm of branch, cultivation results branch on skeleton branch；
Dry a height of 30cm of trunk shape, the height of tree are 1.6m～1.8m, do not stay major branch on center is dry, and full tree has fruit-bearing shoot cluster 8-
On 12 Ge Zhesheng centers are dry, gone up under fruit-bearing shoot cluster by force it is weak, it is horizontal to be evenly distributed on around trunk.
It is respectively for the temperature in jujube growth different phase heliogreenhouse：15 DEG C～20 DEG C of daytime temperature, night temperature 5 before rudiment
DEG C～12 DEG C；18 DEG C～25 DEG C of daytime leaf renewal temperature, 10 DEG C～15 DEG C of night temperature；20 DEG C～28 DEG C of initial bloom stage daytime temperature, 15 DEG C of night temperature～
20℃；24 DEG C～30 DEG C of full-bloom stage daytime temperature, 15 DEG C～20 DEG C of night temperature；25 DEG C～30 DEG C of fruit development period daytime temperature, 15 DEG C of night temperature～
20℃；28 DEG C～33 DEG C of crisp ripe phase daytime temperature, 15 DEG C～20 DEG C of night temperature；And when ambient temperature is greater than or equal to jujube tree period of duration in canopy
When temperature required, shade is opened；Before rudiment, relative air humidity is 70%-80%, and leaf renewal relative humidity is 50%-
60%, florescence relative humidity is 80%-90%, and fruit development period relative humidity is 30%-40%, and fructescence carries out rain-proof
Ventilation.
Step 7) in annual Fructus Jujubae fruit harvest after apply farm manure 15kg～20kg and dregs of fat 0.25kg, treelet Fructus Jujubae head length is extremely
The hole of 2-4 deep 25cm during 15cm, is uniformly beaten on mulch film away from trunk 25cm～30cm, fertilizer is applied, per plant is applied carbamide
0.1kg；After 1 month, per plant imposes Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.15kg～0.2kg；The tree that bears fruit is topdressed 3 times in year, and before spending, per plant imposes carbamide
0.15kg～0.2kg, per plant of young fruit period impose Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.2kg～0.3kg, per plant of fruit expanding period impose Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and
Potassium sulfate 0.2kg～0.5kg.
Step 7) after intensification to rudiment, before blooming, young fruit period, fruit expanding period, colouring phase and fruit harvesting
Poured water with reference to autumn basal dressing afterwards.
Weeds in field, dry branches and fallen leaves and disease pest fruit in heliogreenhouse is removed after fallen leaves, disease pest is wiped out using rest period
Branch, sprays lime sulfur before rudiment, remove bacterium source, kill worm's ovum；Prevention and control green plant bug, red spider, Fructus Jujubae cecidomyiia and Fructus Jujubae after rudiment
Rust and anthrax.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect：By live using Ziziphi Spinosae in heliogreenhouse
The mode of grafting on the spot, realizes 1 year sowing building well of jujube tree, drastically increases the economic benefit of jujube tree, jujube tree is happiness temperature,
The economic tree of light, the present invention combine Cultivation in Greenhouse, realize the listing in advance of Zizyphus jujuba Mill, rob and account for market, so as to
Obtain best economic benefit.Cultivation stock is sowed from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, and scion variety selects the natural dormancy time short, spontaneous pollination
Fruit-setting rate is high, best in quality, good looking appearance, it is early it is real get bumper crops, strong stress resistance eats kind raw, strict control grafting seedling each stage
The temperature in period, is rationally applied fertilizer after building well and is irrigated, the adverse effect for successfully answering right climate change to plant jujube tree.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
1st, greenhouse is selected
Jujube tree is happiness temperature, the economic tree of light, and the main purpose of Cultivation in Greenhouse is that Zizyphus jujuba Mill to be realized is gone up in advance
City, seizes market, obtains best economic benefit.Therefore Zizyphus jujuba Mill cultivation preferably selects the preferable heliogreenhouse conduct of heat-insulating property
Production facility, its build parameter be：5 °～7 ° of north orientation south by west is sat, thing extends, semi-underground type (is less than ground 60cm), span
For 9m～10m, rear wall is highly 3.2m～3.5m, and a height of 4.7m～5.2m of ridge, length are 80m or so.Brick wall structure is inside and outside
The wall of wide 24cm, hollow 10cm～15cm, external application 10cm thick polystyrene board；Roofing is 15cm thick color steel, the elevation angle afterwards
For 50 °；Front roof is round pair of string formula zinc-plated steel frame (wind up Ф 20mm steel pipes, lower edge Ф 15mm steel pipes) of arch, the double string formulas in longitudinal direction
Arch bar spacing is 1.0m～1.2m, and to fix arch bar, lighting surface base angle is 60 °～70 ° in horizontally set Ф 15mm pull bars 3 road, in
Top roofing angle is 30 °～35 °；Front roof clear covering selects polyethylene multifunctional composite film or vinyl acetate polymer agriculture
Film, insulation material select space wadding quilt, and thickness is 4cm～5cm, and supporting installation Automaitc shade-rolling machine and film-coiling device；Greenhouse forward position
The Cold-proof Ditch of depth 100cm is set, the thick polystyrene board of 20cm is inside filled out.
2nd, site preparation and fertilization
Soil building will be carried out after heliogreenhouse prepartion of land before sowing, according to the line-spacing of 1.5m, north-south is excavated wide
The ditch of 50cm, depth 60cm, then the farm manures such as sheep stool are mixed homogeneously with loess in back-filling trench, flatten and wait to broadcast.General mu is applied fully
The farm manure 5m such as sheep stool for becoming thoroughly decomposed3～8m3, calcium superphosphate 50kg～80kg, ferrous sulfate 5kg.
3rd, Fruit variety
Zizyphus jujuba Mill Cultivation in Greenhouse stock is sowed from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, and scion variety selects short by the natural dormancy time,
Spontaneous pollination fruit-setting rate is high, best in quality, good looking appearance, it is early it is real get bumper crops, strong stress resistance eats kind raw.Such as Fructus Jujubae, early crisp king,
The crisp honey of volt, Lingwu Long Jujube etc..
4th, type of seeding
To ensure that Zizyphus jujuba Mill greenhouse production is sowed and grafting seedling then, fine day morning sowing Ziziphi Spinosae is selected in early January
Stock, after planting has several continuous sunnies beneficial to emerging, and sows row and pour bottom water during sowing, water oozed after according to 50cm spacing in the rows
Dibbling 3-4 grains, earthing 2cm～3cm, covering with plastic film, heat and moisture preserving.
5th, rootstock seedling management
When Ziziphi Spinosae Seedling is unearthed timely rupture of membranes is wanted to put Seedling, in case burn seedlings.The timely thinnings of Miao Qihou, stay 1 plant of Seedling per cave.Protecting
Strengthen ventilation dewetting on the premise of card preference temperature, prevent seedling excessive growth.Before emerging, daytime is kept for 25 DEG C～28 DEG C, 15 DEG C of night
～18 DEG C, 20 DEG C～25 DEG C of daytime after emerging, 12 DEG C～15 DEG C of night, after the 1st true leaf grows, 25 DEG C or so of day temperature,
After 6-7 piece true leaves, 25 DEG C～28 DEG C are kept daytime, at 12 DEG C～15 DEG C of night, allow seedling early to see light, common light as far as possible, to cultivate
Strong sprout.Topdress 1-2 time depending on the growth of cereal crop seedlings when more than height of seedling 15cm, during height of seedling 30cm, pinching is promoting nursery stock overstriking.
6th, grafting management
The Zizyphus jujuba Mill chosen is connect by stump when about mid or late May Ziziphi Spinosae stock stem slightly reaches more than 0.5cm using cleft graft
Fringe is grafted on Ziziphi Spinosae stock rhizome, and before grafting, 2-3 days ground irrigates water, to improve the water content of stock.Sprout after seedling grafting
Can not apply fertilizer before bud, pour water, scion and seedling can not collide.Start to apply fertilizer after scion rudiment in about 1 month or so, pour water, mu is applied
Carbamide 5kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10kg, pour permeable, promote nursery stock fast-growth, and same disposable fertilizer is applied after 1 month again in interval, while removing
Remove sprout tillers.Grafting grow to 70cm it is high when, terminal bud pinching suppresses Seedling height, inspires side shoot, improves nursery stock degree of lignification.11
After month early and middle ten dayses fallen leaves, according to 1m spacing in the rows, unnecessary nursery stock transplanting other places are dug out, building well is sowed in realization then, and Second Year can enter
Enter fruiting period.
7th, treelet management
After building well, the greenhouse jujube garden of the first two years, will water in good time, apply fertilizer, intertilling and preventing and treating disease pest.General 1 year 2-3 that topdresses
It is secondary, water 4-6 time, and middle weeding in time, prevent and treat the pest and disease damages such as Fructus Jujubae cecidomyiia, red spider.
8th, pruning
Tree structure：The suitable spindle of heliogreenhouse Zizyphus jujuba Mill or trunk shape are tree-like.Spindle is dry high 30cm, the height of tree
1.6m～1.8m, stays skeleton branch 6-8, straggly verticillate on trunk, 70 °～80 ° of angle, and adjacent key interval between branch 20cm～
25cm, the long 50cm～60cm of branch, cultivation results branch on skeleton branch.Trunk shape to do high 30cm, do by height of tree 1.6m～1.8m, center
On do not stay major branch, full tree has small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster 8-12, on direct Zhe Sheng centers are dry, gone up under fruit-bearing shoot cluster by force it is weak, in water
It is flat-shaped to be evenly distributed on around trunk.
Pruning method：The dormant pruning of Zizyphus jujuba Mill Cultivation in Greenhouse is typically carried out in the 11-12 months, by sparse branching, cutting back,
Bounce back, delay and put, carve the purpose that the measures such as wound reach tree body shaping, clip is at lcm above bud.Trophophase is pruned by smearing in good time
Bud, pinching, by branch, open the purpose that the measures such as first and fruit thinning reach tree body control and flower and fruit protecting.
9th, forcing culture management
Low temperature half-light promotees to sleep：Heliogreenhouse covers canopy film, lid cotton-wadded quilt in late October to November early and middle ten dayses, loses daytime
Light, reduces indoor temperature；Night opens forward position vent, creates 0 DEG C -7.2 DEG C of low temperature environment, Jing -40 days 30 days as far as possible
Its low temperature chilling requirement can be met.Covering with plastic film：Before heating up, daylight greenhouse floor covers black mulch film, heats moisturizing, promotes ground
Temperature is gone up as early as possible to more than 10 DEG C.Heat up：Heliogreenhouse draws in December early and middle ten dayses and covers intensification with mat, heats up the initial stage, first opens 1/3 cotton
Cotton-wadded quilt is all opened after opening 1/2 cotton-wadded quilt, 10 days after 7 days again by quilt.Ventilation：Will with according to season, weather condition and jujube tree not
With requirement of the phenological period to environmental condition, ventilation time, vent size and vent locations are flexibly grasped.Early stage is with top and waist
Based on portion's ventilation, when the extraneous lowest temperature rises to 4 DEG C～5 DEG C, noon can lead to bottom wind.Florescence ventilation is early, timely, cuts
Note ventilation is too quickly, and notes outside air temperature change at any time, flexibly grasps the size of ventilation time and vent.
10th, Temperature and Humidity Control
Temperature control：Take off before and after sunrise daily and cover entering light with mat and heat, thatch putting insulation, extends the sunshine-duration as far as possible before sunset.
Requirement after intensification in strict accordance with jujube tree different growth stage controls temperature of shed.15 DEG C～20 DEG C of daytime temperature before rudiment, 5 DEG C of night temperature
～12 DEG C；18 DEG C～25 DEG C of daytime leaf renewal temperature, 10 DEG C～15 DEG C of night temperature；20 DEG C～28 DEG C of initial bloom stage daytime temperature, night temperature 15 DEG C～20
℃；24 DEG C～30 DEG C of full-bloom stage daytime temperature, 15 DEG C～20 DEG C of night temperature；25 DEG C～30 DEG C of fruit development period daytime temperature, night temperature 15 DEG C～20
℃；28 DEG C～33 DEG C of crisp ripe phase daytime temperature, 15 DEG C～20 DEG C of night temperature.When ambient temperature is close to or is higher by canopy needed for jujube tree period of duration
During temperature, thin film is gradually opened, to adapt to external environment.
Humid control：Relative air humidity 70%-80% before rudiment, leaf renewal relative humidity 50%-60%, florescence are relative
Humidity 8%0-90%, fruit development period relative humidity 30%-40%, fructescence meet cloudy weather for several days running, canopy film to be covered, and protect
Hold ventilation.
11st, rich water quality management
Fertilising：Base manure (farm manure) annual Fructus Jujubae fruit harvest after apply, per plant apply the farm manure 15kg such as decay sheep excrement～
20kg, dregs of fat 0.25kg, spread manuer in holes after mixing.Topdress (chemical fertilizer) impose to fruit expanding period before spending, with carbamide, Diammonium phosphate (DAP),
Based on potassium sulfate, during long 15cm of treelet Fructus Jujubae head or so, uniformly beat 2-4 deep 25cm's away from trunk 25cm～30cm on mulch film
Hole, fertilizer is applied, and per plant is applied carbamide 0.1kg；Apply per plant of disposable fertilizer after 1 month again and impose Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.15kg～0.2kg；
Bear fruit and topdress 3 times in tree general year, per plant imposes carbamide 0.15kg～0.2kg before spending, and per plant of young fruit period imposes Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.2kg
～0.3kg, per plant of fruit expanding period impose Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate 0.2kg～0.5kg.Fertilising is grasped rationally with the different age of trees
Amount.
Pour water：Using under-film drip irrigation, before the florescence can one water of flood irrigation to increase air humidity, while after GPRS front foot control,
A small amount of multiple principle.Whole year pours water 6-8 time, after the intensification to rudiment, before blooming, young fruit period, fruit expanding period, on
Poured water with reference to autumn basal dressing after color phase and fruit harvesting, the florescence can be in big row flood irrigation 1 time, to increase humidity in canopy, other
Time suitably can pour water depending on soil moisture content.
12nd, disease pest prevention and control
Remove weeds in field in heliogreenhouse, dry branches and fallen leaves, disease pest fruit after fallen leaves as early as possible, wiped out using dormant pruning
Sick branch, concentrates outdoor to burn；Sprinkling lime sulfur in facility Nei Quan gardens before rudiment, removes bacterium source, kills worm's ovum；After rudiment in time
The disease such as insect and jujube rust, anthrax such as prevention and control green plant bug, red spider, Fructus Jujubae cecidomyiia.
Claims (10)
1. the live garden building method of a kind of Zizyphus jujuba Mill heliogreenhouse, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) build heliogreenhouse and carry out site preparation and fertilization；
Mu applies the farm manure 5m for fully becoming thoroughly decomposed3～8m3, calcium phosphate 50kg～80kg, ferrous sulfate 5kg；
2) being sowed as cultivation stock from Ziziphi Spinosae in early January, bottom water being poured in sowing row, covering with plastic film, insulation are protected
Wet, when Ziziphi Spinosae Seedling is unearthed, timely rupture of membranes puts Seedling, thinning after Seedling is neat；Before emerging, day temperature is maintained at 25 DEG C～28 DEG C, night temperature
Degree is maintained at 15 DEG C～18 DEG C, and after emerging, day temperature is maintained at 20 DEG C -25 DEG C, nocturnal temperature is maintained at 12 DEG C～15 DEG C, the
After 1 true leaf grows, day temperature is maintained at 25 DEG C, and after 6-7 piece true leaves, day temperature is maintained at 25 DEG C～28 DEG C, night temperature
Degree is maintained at 12 DEG C～15 DEG C, topdresses 1-2 time when more than height of seedling 15cm, pinching during height of seedling 30cm；
3) Zizyphus jujuba Mill scion is grafted in Ziziphi Spinosae stock root by the stump when mid or late May, Ziziphi Spinosae stock stem slightly reached more than 0.5cm
On stem, start to apply fertilizer after scion rudiment and pour water, mu applies carbamide 5kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 10kg, pour permeable, interval is same again after 1 month
Sample applies fertilizer once, removes sprout tillers；Grafting grow to 70cm it is high when, terminal bud pinching, after November early and middle ten dayses fallen leaves, according to spacing in the rows, is dug
Go out unnecessary nursery stock transplanting other places, realization is sowed building well then, fruiting period entered in Second Year；
4) after building well the first two years greenhouse jujube garden, topdress 2-3 time within 1 year, water 4-6 time, middle weeding, prevention and elimination of disease and pests；
5) pruning is carried out to jujube tree by spindle or trunk shape；
6) heliogreenhouse covers shading in late October to November early and middle ten dayses daytime, reduces indoor temperature；Night ventilation is cooled to 0
DEG C～7.2 DEG C, before heating up, daylight greenhouse floor covers black mulch film, promotes ground temperature to go up to more than 10 DEG C as early as possible；Heliogreenhouse
Shade is opened stage by stage carry out drawing in December early and middle ten dayses cover intensification with mat；Florescence ventilation is carried out with outside air temperature change；
7) for jujube growth different phase adjust heliogreenhouse in humiture, apply fertilizer, pour water, prevention and control disease pest, fruit picking.
2. the live garden building method of Zizyphus jujuba Mill heliogreenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The construction ginseng of heliogreenhouse
To sit 5 °～7 ° of north orientation south by west, thing extends number, and less than ground 60cm, span is 9m～10m, rear wall highly be 3.2m～
3.5m, a height of 4.7m～5.2m of ridge, length is 80m；Inside and outside arranging, the brick wall of 24cm, hollow 10cm～15cm, external application 10cm are thick
Polystyrene board；Roofing is 15cm thickness color steels, 50 ° of the elevation angle afterwards；Front roof is round pair of string formula zinc-plated steel frame of arch, and longitudinal direction is double
String formula arch bar spacing is 1.0m～1.2m, three road of horizontally set Ф 15mm pull bars to fix arch bar, lighting surface base angle is 60 °～
70 °, middle and upper part roofing angle is 30 °～35 °；Front roof selects polyethylene composite film or vinyl acetate polymer agricultural film as transparent
Covering, insulation material select space wadding quilt, and thickness is 4cm～5cm, and supporting installation Automaitc shade-rolling machine and film-coiling device；Greenhouse
Forward position arranges the Cold-proof Ditch of depth 100cm, inside fills out the thick polystyrene board of 20cm.
3. the live garden building method of Zizyphus jujuba Mill heliogreenhouse according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Round pair of string formula of the arch
Zinc-plated steel frame winds up as Ф 20mm steel pipes, and lower edge is Ф 15mm steel pipes.
4. the live garden building method of Zizyphus jujuba Mill heliogreenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：During site preparation and fertilization according to
1.5m line-spacings, north-south excavate width 50cm, the ditch of depth 60cm, then farm manure is mixed homogeneously with loess in back-filling trench, and leveling is treated
Broadcast.
5. the live garden building method of Zizyphus jujuba Mill heliogreenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Selection Fructus Jujubae, early crisp king,
The scion of the crisp honey of volt or Lingwu Long Jujube carries out grafting；Ziziphi Spinosae presses 50cm spacing in the rows dibbling 3-4 grains, earthing 2cm～3cm when sowing.
6. the live garden building method of Zizyphus jujuba Mill heliogreenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The dry height of described spindle
For 30cm, the height of tree is 1.6m～1.8m, stays skeleton branch 6-8, straggly verticillate on trunk, 70 °～80 ° of angle, adjacent backbone
Interval between branch 20cm～25cm, the long 50cm～60cm of branch, cultivation results branch on skeleton branch；
Dry a height of 30cm of trunk shape, the height of tree are 1.6m～1.8m, do not stay major branch on center is dry, and full tree has fruit-bearing shoot cluster 8-12
On Zhe Sheng centers are dry, gone up under fruit-bearing shoot cluster by force it is weak, it is horizontal to be evenly distributed on around trunk.
7. the live garden building method of Zizyphus jujuba Mill heliogreenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that different for jujube growth
Temperature in stage heliogreenhouse is respectively：15 DEG C～20 DEG C of daytime temperature before rudiment, 5 DEG C～12 DEG C of night temperature；18 DEG C of daytime leaf renewal temperature
～25 DEG C, 10 DEG C～15 DEG C of night temperature；20 DEG C～28 DEG C of initial bloom stage daytime temperature, 15 DEG C～20 DEG C of night temperature；Full-bloom stage daytime temperature 24 DEG C～30
DEG C, 15 DEG C～20 DEG C of night temperature；25 DEG C～30 DEG C of fruit development period daytime temperature, 15 DEG C～20 DEG C of night temperature；Crisp ripe phase daytime temperature 28 DEG C～33
DEG C, 15 DEG C～20 DEG C of night temperature；And when ambient temperature is temperature required greater than or equal to jujube tree period of duration in canopy, open shade；
Before rudiment, relative air humidity is 70%-80%, and leaf renewal relative humidity is 50%-60%, and florescence relative humidity is 80%-
90%, fruit development period relative humidity is 30%-40%, and fructescence carries out rainproof ventilation.
8. the live garden building method of Zizyphus jujuba Mill heliogreenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 7) in annual Fructus Jujubae fruit
Farm manure 15kg～20kg and dregs of fat 0.25kg is applied after harvesting, when treelet Fructus Jujubae head length is to 15cm, away from trunk on mulch film
25cm～30cm uniformly beats the hole of 2-4 deep 25cm, and fertilizer is applied, and per plant is applied carbamide 0.1kg；After 1 month, per plant imposes phosphorus
Sour diammonium 0.15kg～0.2kg；The tree that bears fruit is topdressed 3 times in year, and before spending, per plant imposes carbamide 0.15kg～0.2kg, per plant of young fruit period
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.2kg～0.3kg is imposed, per plant of fruit expanding period imposes Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium sulfate 0.2kg～0.5kg.
9. the live garden building method of Zizyphus jujuba Mill heliogreenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 7) respectively at intensification
Afterwards to rudiment, before blooming, young fruit period, fruit expanding period, poured water with reference to autumn basal dressing after colouring phase and fruit harvesting.
10. the live garden building method of Zizyphus jujuba Mill heliogreenhouse according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Daylight is removed after fallen leaves
In greenhouse, weeds in field, dry branches and fallen leaves and disease pest fruit, wipe out sick branch using rest period, and lime sulfur is sprayed before rudiment,
Remove bacterium source, kill worm's ovum；Prevention and control green plant bug, red spider, Fructus Jujubae cecidomyiia and jujube rust and anthrax after rudiment.
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| CN114982541A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-09-02 | 河北农业大学 | Systematic production method for supplying fresh dates for sub-year |
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