CN104041272A - Pollution-free greenhouse strawberry cultivation method - Google Patents
Pollution-free greenhouse strawberry cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104041272A CN104041272A CN201410229114.3A CN201410229114A CN104041272A CN 104041272 A CN104041272 A CN 104041272A CN 201410229114 A CN201410229114 A CN 201410229114A CN 104041272 A CN104041272 A CN 104041272A
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Abstract
A pollution-free greenhouse strawberry cultivation method relates to the technical field of greenhouse cultivation. The pollution-free greenhouse strawberry cultivation method is characterized in that the pollution-free greenhouse strawberry cultivation method includes the following steps: (1) variety choice; (2) seedling growing; (3) field planting; (4) field management: film mulching, temperature regulation, moisture control and top dressing; (5) disease and insect pest control; (6) harvest. The pollution-free greenhouse strawberry cultivation method has a good effect in resisting diseases and insect pests, the strawberry growing environment of greenhouses is reasonable, the quality of strawberries is good, and yield is high.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to greenhouse gardening technical field, specifically greenhouse strawberry method for non-polluted cultivation.
Background technology:
Strawberry, cry again: pineapple strawberry, the red certain kind of berries, the foreign certain kind of berries, the certain kind of berries etc., the rose family, Fragaria perennial herb, a kind of flowers and fruits of redness.It is heart-shaped that the outward appearance of strawberry is, delicious red tender, and pulp succulence contains special strong fruit fragrance.Strawberry nutrition is worth high, and containing abundant vitamin C, the effect of helpful digestion, meanwhile, strawberry can also be consolidated gums, fresh breath, moist throat.Spring, people's irascibility was often more vigorous, had some strawberry and can play inhibitory action.In addition, strawberry is preferably in after meal and eats, because it contains a large amount of pectin and cellulose, can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, help digest, improves constipation, prevention hemorrhoid, intestinal cancer.The planting range of China strawberry is very wide, technology is also relative comparatively ripe, but in the technology of existing greenhouse gardening strawberry, still exist many problems, strawberry is when booth off-season cultivation, the easy various pathologies of threading and the impact that is subject to various insects, cause the quality of strawberry to decline, and yield reducation.
Summary of the invention:
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of strawberry quality better, the greenhouse strawberry method for non-polluted cultivation that output is high.
The technical problem solving adopts following technical scheme:
Greenhouse strawberry method for non-polluted cultivation, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
One, kind is selected
Select red cheek, phoenix coronet, a chapter Ji, Feng Xiang etc.
Two, grow seedlings
(1) prepare in seedbed
Before winter, upturned soil is frozen in deep ploughing, and every mu of farmyard manure of executing to become thoroughly decomposed is 2000～2500 kilograms simultaneously, or 500 kilograms of organic commercial fertilizers, add 25 kilograms of superphosphate, 40 kilograms of compound potassium sulfate fertilizers, plant seedling first 7～10 days, carry out seedbed, general wide 1.8～2 meters, furrow face is middle higher than both sides;
(2) plant female seedling
In production field, select stalwartness, without diseased plant, do female seedling, every mu of booth needs female seedling 250 strains.The female seedling of field planting at the beginning of late March to 4 month, every furrow plantation a line, 80 centimetres of left and right of spacing in the rows;
(3) seedbed management
After maternal plant survives, spray 50～1000PPM gibberellin, every strain 5ML, after one week, spray again once, after another month, in conjunction with watering, every mu of 10 kilograms of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer of topdressing, after 18～22 days, impose again once, and in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest, with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, carry out foliage spray, manage in time climing, stolon is uniformly distributed at furrow face, carries out the work of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant of earthing up;
(4) heel in
August early and middle ten days, select the healthy and strong seedling of early growth on stolon to do seedling, heel in, distance between rows and hills in seedbed is 15cm * 15cm, heels in to water in time normal root water afterwards, and the sunshade of puing up a shed, survive rear dismounting, survive after 10 days, impose the thin dung polluted water or the nitrogenous fertilizer that become thoroughly decomposed for 1～2 time, the fertile control of the middle and later periods control water of growing seedlings;
Three, field planting
(1) do furrow wholely
Previous month of field planting, soil in field planting booth is ploughed, simultaneously mu is executed 500 kilograms of decomposed dung 3000～4000kg or organic commercial fertilizers, add compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 40～50kg kilogram and do base, and the vexed canopy of epiphragma, carry out high-temperature sterilization, high ridge is done furrow, the wide 60cm of furrow, furrow width 30cm, furrow ditch depth 25～30cm;
(2) field planting time and density
Generally, in mid-September, rob the field planting at dusk of cloudy day or fine day, every furrow kind two row, 25～30 centimetres of line-spacings, 18～20 centimetres of spacing in the rows, plant 6000～7000 strains for every mu;
(3) field planting
1, plant front spray medicine, plant two days the previous days, seedbed spray tpn prevention downy mildew and powdery mildew;
2, select strong sprout, select young leaves normally to carry out, leaf look dark green, and petiole is thick, and blade is large, and growing way is healthy and strong, and the seedling of well developed root system carries out field planting;
3, be with native field planting, transplant and to water the previous day permeablely, accomplish wetland lifting, band soil is planted seedling;
4, wetland is planted seedling, and half ditch-water that before planting, large furrow irrigated through furrow, makes water-soaked furrow face native, is beneficial to hand seedlings plugging;
5, field planting method, during field planting the back of a bow of rice shoot towards the outside of furrow, two in the ranks Strawberry Seedlings be crossed as triangular spacing, during field planting, notice that lobus cardiacus can not bury, after field planting, irrigate normal root water, watering must be clean clear water;
Four, field management
During field planting, with biogen, soak root, keep ground moistening after field planting, suitably sunshading and temperature reducing, promotes alive;
Overlay film
Late October covers horticultural covering film during completely lower than 15 ℃ when nighttime temperature, and canopy film is selected without dripping a film, and covering with plastic film, on mulch film, rupture of membranes is carried seedling, before lid mulch film, on furrow face, completes drip irrigation pipe, when night, when canopy temperature decline is close to 5 ℃, increase canopy film in lid, guarantee not allow strawberry endure cold;
Temperature regulates
According to strawberry growth needs, by the switching to booth door and both sides ventilating opening, and take off canopy film in lid and regulate temperature of shed, night is more than 10～15 ℃ at 25～30 ℃ before blooming, to keep in canopy daytime; After blooming, temperature of shed is controlled at 25～27 ℃ daytime, 8～12 ℃ of nights; Fruit and maturing stage, temperature of shed is controlled at 20～25 ℃ daytime, 5～10 ℃ of nights;
Moisture is controlled
Strawberry after field planting is lived and require flowering stage soil slightly dry outside, need vegetative period soil more moistening, generally the strawberry leaf margin globule is high-visible in the morning be that soil moisture is appropriate, otherwise needs to pour water.Strawberry fruit expanding stage need be poured water 1 time every 10～20 days, during the fast maturation of fruit, to control water, pour water take and carry out noon on daytime as good, and prevent and treat overirrigation ditch internal water accumulation, whole strawberry growing period will keep humidity lower in canopy, the harmful generation and spreading in case cure the disease, in flowering stage canopy, relative moisture preferably remains on 50%～60%;
Topdress
Topdress and realize by drip irrigation in conjunction with pouring water, when the aobvious flower bud of poppyhead order, top composite fruit starts to expand and gather before respectively execute 1 time and topdress, backsight plant growing way is topdressed once every about 15 days, the every mu of 10 kilograms of compound potassium sulfate fertilizers that topdress, Second Year after the beginning of spring along with temperature gos up, speed of production is accelerated, answer Potassium, execute 5 kilograms of left and right of 0.3% potassium sulfate for every mu, in addition, before blooming, young fruit period, fruit expanding period root outer spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or spray biogen, plant arranges;
In whole growth and development process, extract in time the stolon of yellow leaf, Lao Ye, sick leaf and pumping, after poppyhead order is extracted out, 1～2 the healthy and strong axillalry bud of selecting and remain, breaks except unnecessary axillalry bud, extracts in time the presbyopic stem after fruit picking, dredge early and remove invalid flower, to no effect, each inflorescence retains 5～10 fruits;
Bee pollination
From the strawberry honeybee that begins that the flowers are in blossom and begin to put in a suitable place to breed, improve strawberry pollination rate, a canopy is put honeybee one case, middle honeybee, Apis mellifera all can, but can't mix, put;
Five, the extermination of disease and insect pest
Should follow the policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", take cultural control, physical control, biological control as main, chemical control is auxiliary principle, uses chemical control to want strict implement spraying medicine concentration and safety interval;
Six, gather
Timely collecting, strawberry is plucked, and generally in the morning 8～10 o'clock or afternoon 4～6 o'clock, does not generally pluck dew fruit and shines heat fruit, in order to avoid rot, while gathering, handle with care, does not damage calyx.
Extract in time bud, clear up yellow leaf, sick leaf and diseased plant the described period of growing seedlings.
The medicament that the described extermination of disease and insect pest adopts comprises tpn, ether sulfocarbolate, Sandofan, imidacloprid wp, pyridaben and phoxim.
During described field planting, with biogen, soak root, enter after the florescence, within every 15 days, spray once.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention can have good Resistant effect, the strawberry growing environment of booth is reasonable, strawberry quality better, and output is high.
Embodiment:
For technological means, creation characteristic that the present invention is realized, reach object and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with instantiation, further set forth the present invention.
Greenhouse strawberry method for non-polluted cultivation, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
One, kind is selected
Select red cheek.
Two, grow seedlings
(1) prepare in seedbed
Before winter, upturned soil is frozen in deep ploughing, and every mu of farmyard manure of executing to become thoroughly decomposed is 2200 kilograms simultaneously, or 500 kilograms of organic commercial fertilizers, adds 25 kilograms of superphosphate, and 40 kilograms of compound potassium sulfate fertilizers, plant seedling first 9 days, carry out seedbed, general wide 2 meters, in the middle of furrow face higher than both sides;
(2) plant female seedling
In production field, select stalwartness, without diseased plant, do female seedling, every mu of booth needs female seedling 250 strains.The female seedling of field planting at the beginning of late March to 4 month, every furrow plantation a line, 80 centimetres of left and right of spacing in the rows;
(3) seedbed management
After maternal plant survives, spray 600PPM gibberellin, every strain 5ML, after one week, spray again once, after another month, in conjunction with watering, every mu of 10 kilograms of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer of topdressing, after 20 days, impose again once, and in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest, with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, carry out foliage spray, manage in time climing, stolon is uniformly distributed at furrow face, carries out the work of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant of earthing up;
(4) heel in
August early and middle ten days, select the healthy and strong seedling of early growth on stolon to do seedling, heel in, distance between rows and hills in seedbed is 15cm * 15cm, heels in to water in time normal root water afterwards, and the sunshade of puing up a shed, survive rear dismounting, survive after 10 days, impose the thin dung polluted water or the nitrogenous fertilizer that become thoroughly decomposed for 2 times, the fertile control of the middle and later periods control water of growing seedlings;
Three, field planting
(1) do furrow wholely
Field planting is previous month, and soil in field planting booth is ploughed, and mu is executed 500 kilograms of decomposed dung 3500kg or organic commercial fertilizers simultaneously, adds compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 45kg kilogram and does base, and the vexed canopy of epiphragma, carrying out high-temperature sterilization, high ridge is done furrow, the wide 60cm of furrow, furrow width 30cm, furrow ditch depth 28cm;
(2) field planting time and density
Generally, in mid-September, rob the field planting at dusk of cloudy day or fine day, every furrow kind two row, 28 centimetres of line-spacings, 20 centimetres of spacing in the rows, plant 6500 strains for every mu;
(3) field planting
1, plant front spray medicine, plant two days the previous days, seedbed spray tpn prevention downy mildew and powdery mildew;
2, select strong sprout, select young leaves normally to carry out, leaf look dark green, and petiole is thick, and blade is large, and growing way is healthy and strong, and the seedling of well developed root system carries out field planting;
3, be with native field planting, transplant and to water the previous day permeablely, accomplish wetland lifting, band soil is planted seedling;
4, wetland is planted seedling, and half ditch-water that before planting, large furrow irrigated through furrow, makes water-soaked furrow face native, is beneficial to hand seedlings plugging;
5, field planting method, during field planting the back of a bow of rice shoot towards the outside of furrow, two in the ranks Strawberry Seedlings be crossed as triangular spacing, during field planting, notice that lobus cardiacus can not bury, after field planting, irrigate normal root water, watering must be clean clear water;
Four, field management
During field planting, with biogen, soak root, keep ground moistening after field planting, suitably sunshading and temperature reducing, promotes alive;
Overlay film
Late October covers horticultural covering film during completely lower than 15 ℃ when nighttime temperature, and canopy film is selected without dripping a film, and covering with plastic film, on mulch film, rupture of membranes is carried seedling, before lid mulch film, on furrow face, completes drip irrigation pipe, when night, when canopy temperature decline is close to 5 ℃, increase canopy film in lid, guarantee not allow strawberry endure cold;
Temperature regulates
According to strawberry growth needs, by the switching to booth door and both sides ventilating opening, and take off canopy film in lid and regulate temperature of shed, night is more than 23 ℃ at 28 ℃ before blooming, to keep in canopy daytime; After blooming, temperature of shed is controlled at 26 ℃ daytime, 10 ℃ of nights; Fruit and maturing stage, temperature of shed is controlled at 22 ℃ daytime, 8 ℃ of nights;
Moisture is controlled
Strawberry after field planting is lived and require flowering stage soil slightly dry outside, need vegetative period soil more moistening, generally the strawberry leaf margin globule is high-visible in the morning be that soil moisture is appropriate, otherwise needs to pour water.Strawberry fruit expanding stage need be poured water 1 time every 15 days, during the fast maturation of fruit, to control water, pour water take and carry out noon on daytime as good, and prevent and treat overirrigation ditch internal water accumulation, whole strawberry growing period will keep humidity lower in canopy, the harmful generation and spreading in case cure the disease, in flowering stage canopy, relative moisture preferably remains on 5%;
Topdress
Topdress and realize by drip irrigation in conjunction with pouring water, when the aobvious flower bud of poppyhead order, top composite fruit starts to expand and gather before respectively execute 1 time and topdress, backsight plant growing way is topdressed once every about 15 days, the every mu of 10 kilograms of compound potassium sulfate fertilizers that topdress, Second Year after the beginning of spring along with temperature gos up, speed of production is accelerated, answer Potassium, execute 5 kilograms of left and right of 0.3% potassium sulfate for every mu, in addition, before blooming, young fruit period, fruit expanding period root outer spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or spray biogen, plant arranges;
In whole growth and development process, extract in time the stolon of yellow leaf, Lao Ye, sick leaf and pumping, after poppyhead order is extracted out, 2 the healthy and strong axillalry buds of selecting and remain, break except unnecessary axillalry bud, extract in time the presbyopic stem after fruit picking, dredge early and remove invalid flower, to no effect, each inflorescence retains 8 fruits;
Bee pollination
From the strawberry honeybee that begins that the flowers are in blossom and begin to put in a suitable place to breed, improve strawberry pollination rate, a canopy is put honeybee one case, middle honeybee, Apis mellifera all can, but can't mix, put;
Five, the extermination of disease and insect pest
Should follow the policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", take cultural control, physical control, biological control as main, chemical control is auxiliary principle, uses chemical control to want strict implement spraying medicine concentration and safety interval;
Six, gather
Timely collecting, strawberry is plucked, and generally at 9 o'clock in the morning or at 5 o'clock in afternoon, does not generally pluck dew fruit and shines heat fruit, in order to avoid rot, while gathering, handle with care, does not damage calyx.
Table 3 production cycle plantation product agricultural chemicals service condition
Table 4 production cycle plantation product Fertilizer application situation
Extract in time bud, clear up yellow leaf, sick leaf and diseased plant the described period of growing seedlings.
The medicament that the described extermination of disease and insect pest adopts comprises tpn, ether sulfocarbolate, Sandofan, imidacloprid wp, pyridaben and phoxim.
Main diseases insect pest chemical control sees the following form.
Greenhouse strawberry main diseases insect pest Efficacy of Pesticide
During field planting, with biogen, soak root, enter after the florescence, within every 15 days, spray once.
More than show and described basic principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that in above-described embodiment and specification, describes just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (4)
1. greenhouse strawberry method for non-polluted cultivation, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
One, kind is selected
Two, grow seedlings
(1) prepare in seedbed
Before winter, upturned soil is frozen in deep ploughing, and every mu of farmyard manure of executing to become thoroughly decomposed is 2000～2500 kilograms simultaneously, or 500 kilograms of organic commercial fertilizers, add 25 kilograms of superphosphate, 40 kilograms of compound potassium sulfate fertilizers, plant seedling first 7～10 days, carry out seedbed, general wide 1.8～2 meters, furrow face is middle higher than both sides;
(2) plant female seedling
In production field, select stalwartness, without diseased plant, do female seedling, every mu of booth needs female seedling 250 strains.The female seedling of field planting at the beginning of late March to 4 month, every furrow plantation a line, 80 centimetres of left and right of spacing in the rows;
(3) seedbed management
After maternal plant survives, spray 50～1000PPM gibberellin, every strain 5ML, after one week, spray again once, after another month, in conjunction with watering, every mu of 10 kilograms of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer of topdressing, after 18～22 days, impose again once, and in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest, with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, carry out foliage spray, manage in time climing, stolon is uniformly distributed at furrow face, carries out the work of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant of earthing up;
(4) heel in
August early and middle ten days, select the healthy and strong seedling of early growth on stolon to do seedling, heel in, distance between rows and hills in seedbed is 15cm * 15cm, heels in to water in time normal root water afterwards, and the sunshade of puing up a shed, survive rear dismounting, survive after 10 days, impose the thin dung polluted water or the nitrogenous fertilizer that become thoroughly decomposed for 1～2 time, the fertile control of the middle and later periods control water of growing seedlings;
Three, field planting
One) do furrow wholely
Previous month of field planting, soil in field planting booth is ploughed, simultaneously mu is executed 500 kilograms of decomposed dung 3000～4000kg or organic commercial fertilizers, add compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 40～50kg kilogram and do base, and the vexed canopy of epiphragma, carry out high-temperature sterilization, high ridge is done furrow, the wide 60cm of furrow, furrow width 30cm, furrow ditch depth 25～30cm;
Two) field planting time and density
Generally, in mid-September, rob the field planting at dusk of cloudy day or fine day, every furrow kind two row, 25～30 centimetres of line-spacings, 18～20 centimetres of spacing in the rows, plant 6000～7000 strains for every mu;
Three) field planting
1), plant before spray medicine, plant two days the previous days, seedbed spray tpn prevention downy mildew and powdery mildew;
2), select strong sprout, select young leaves normally to carry out, leaf look dark green, petiole is thick, blade is large, growing way is healthy and strong, the seedling of well developed root system carries out field planting;
3), be with native field planting, transplant and water the previous day permeablely, accomplish wetland lifting, band soil is planted seedling;
4), wetland plants seedling, half ditch-water that before planting, large furrow irrigated through furrow, allows water-soaked furrow face soil, is beneficial to hand seedlings plugging;
5), field planting method, during field planting the back of a bow of rice shoot towards the outside of furrow, two in the ranks Strawberry Seedlings be crossed as triangular spacing, during field planting, notice that lobus cardiacus can not bury, after field planting, irrigate normal root water, watering must be clean clear water;
Four, field management
During field planting, with biogen, soak root, keep ground moistening after field planting, suitably sunshading and temperature reducing, promotes alive;
Overlay film
Late October covers horticultural covering film during completely lower than 15 ℃ when nighttime temperature, and canopy film is selected without dripping a film, and covering with plastic film, on mulch film, rupture of membranes is carried seedling, before lid mulch film, on furrow face, completes drip irrigation pipe, when night, when canopy temperature decline is close to 5 ℃, increase canopy film in lid, guarantee not allow strawberry endure cold;
Temperature regulates
According to strawberry growth needs, by the switching to booth door and both sides ventilating opening, and take off canopy film in lid and regulate temperature of shed, night is more than 10～15 ℃ at 25～30 ℃ before blooming, to keep in canopy daytime; After blooming, temperature of shed is controlled at 25～27 ℃ daytime, 8～12 ℃ of nights; Fruit and maturing stage, temperature of shed is controlled at 20～25 ℃ daytime, 5～10 ℃ of nights;
Moisture is controlled
Strawberry after field planting is lived and require flowering stage soil slightly dry outside, need vegetative period soil more moistening, generally the strawberry leaf margin globule is high-visible in the morning be that soil moisture is appropriate, otherwise needs to pour water.Strawberry fruit expanding stage need be poured water 1 time every 10～20 days, during the fast maturation of fruit, to control water, pour water take and carry out noon on daytime as good, and prevent and treat overirrigation ditch internal water accumulation, whole strawberry growing period will keep humidity lower in canopy, the harmful generation and spreading in case cure the disease, in flowering stage canopy, relative moisture preferably remains on 50%～60%;
Topdress
Topdress and realize by drip irrigation in conjunction with pouring water, when the aobvious flower bud of poppyhead order, top composite fruit starts to expand and gather before respectively execute 1 time and topdress, backsight plant growing way is topdressed once every about 15 days, the every mu of 10 kilograms of compound potassium sulfate fertilizers that topdress, Second Year after the beginning of spring along with temperature gos up, speed of production is accelerated, answer Potassium, execute 5 kilograms of left and right of 0.3% potassium sulfate for every mu, in addition, before blooming, young fruit period, fruit expanding period root outer spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or spray biogen, plant arranges;
In whole growth and development process, extract in time the stolon of yellow leaf, Lao Ye, sick leaf and pumping, after poppyhead order is extracted out, 1～2 the healthy and strong axillalry bud of selecting and remain, breaks except unnecessary axillalry bud, extracts in time the presbyopic stem after fruit picking, dredge early and remove invalid flower, to no effect, each inflorescence retains 5～10 fruits;
Bee pollination
From the strawberry honeybee that begins that the flowers are in blossom and begin to put in a suitable place to breed, improve strawberry pollination rate, a canopy is put honeybee one case, middle honeybee, Apis mellifera all can, but can't mix, put;
Five, the extermination of disease and insect pest
Should follow the policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", take cultural control, physical control, biological control as main, chemical control is auxiliary principle, uses chemical control to want strict implement spraying medicine concentration and safety interval;
Six, gather
Timely collecting, strawberry is plucked, and generally in the morning 8～10 o'clock or afternoon 4～6 o'clock, does not generally pluck dew fruit and shines heat fruit, in order to avoid rot, while gathering, handle with care, does not damage calyx.
2. greenhouse strawberry method for non-polluted cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: extract in time bud, clear up yellow leaf, sick leaf and diseased plant the described period of growing seedlings.
3. greenhouse strawberry method for non-polluted cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the medicament that the described extermination of disease and insect pest adopts comprises tpn, ether sulfocarbolate, Sandofan, imidacloprid wp, pyridaben and phoxim.
4. greenhouse strawberry method for non-polluted cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: during described field planting, with biogen, soak root, enter after the florescence, within every 15 days, spray once.
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