CN110249991B - Soilless moss planting method for sunlight greenhouse net shed sand bed - Google Patents
Soilless moss planting method for sunlight greenhouse net shed sand bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN110249991B CN110249991B CN201910709388.5A CN201910709388A CN110249991B CN 110249991 B CN110249991 B CN 110249991B CN 201910709388 A CN201910709388 A CN 201910709388A CN 110249991 B CN110249991 B CN 110249991B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention relates to a soilless moss planting method for a sand bed of a sunlight greenhouse net shed, and belongs to the technical field of moss planting. The technical scheme is as follows: a pest control system is arranged in the sunlight greenhouse; a sand planting bed suspended above the ground and a sunshade net are built in the sunlight greenhouse; collecting wild moss attached to the surface of a shady moist rocky rock mass, and cultivating moss seedlings on a seedbed with a three-layer composite structure; taking out and mincing moss seedlings into moss slurry, and coating the moss slurry on gauze paved on the surface of a sand planting bed suspended above the ground to cultivate lawn-shaped moss gametophyte population. The innovative moss soilless planting technology realizes industrial production of moss by utilizing the sunlight greenhouse capable of regulating and controlling the environment in the north, the produced lawn-shaped moss gametophyte has thick and compact false root interweaving layer, is not easy to loose, has bright green leaf color and high market price, and enables the ecological green and environment-friendly moss decorative material to be continuously and widely utilized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a soilless moss planting method for a sand bed of a sunlight greenhouse net shed, and belongs to the technical field of moss planting.
Background
The moss plant has the characteristics of unique luster, fine and smooth texture, various colors, small shape and the like, has a simple structure, only has the differentiation of leaves and stems, absorbs water and nutrients from the air by depending on the branch leaves, has the fixation effect only by the false roots, and is a novel decorative material which has the functions of monitoring the environment and indicating the plant, can keep green vitality indoors for a long time, and is clean and environment-friendly. The novel ecological decorative materials such as a moss functional product 'moss humidifier' and a moss micro-landscape which are developed by taking moss as a raw material are popular with people, and have extremely high economic and social benefits. At present, moss microlandschaft (single bottle 80-100 yuan) moss curtain (500 yuan/square meter) is on the market. The moss supply on the market mainly depends on digging wild moss, excessive field digging causes the vegetation of the wild moss to be seriously damaged, the natural state of the moss is born and repaired for a long time, the moss resource is listed in an ecological protection object by a plurality of places, and the moss block collected in the field has small area and poor decorative effect.
Chinese patent application publication No. CN 107094468A discloses a method for rapidly culturing moss crust on a section of a highway side slope: the moss with the bark layer is naturally dried and smashed into mixed soil containing moss fragments together with a very thin layer of soil with the bark layer, the mixed soil is uniformly spread on the section of a fiber cell of the expressway side slope, a plastic film is coated on the mixed soil, holes are punched, a sunshade net shades the mixed soil, and moss is cultivated. The moss crust layer is very difficult to cultivate in the fiber lattice chamber on the section of the highway slope, the moss crust layer can only temporarily reach the humidity condition required by a moss habitat in rainy season, the moss crust can not keep high humidity condition for a long time, the moss crust is in a dormant state due to sufficient illumination and drought and water shortage, and the moss grows very slowly and needs to be maintained for a long time. Chinese patent application publication No. CN 107094468A has problems: the function of intercepting rainfall, absorbing dust substances and purifying air has little effect, and the fast cultivation method of the moss cortex has poor operability.
Chinese patent application publication No. 104350932A discloses a rapid cultivation method of sandy moss crusts: collecting integral moss crust of sand, soaking, sieving, air drying, pulverizing, and spreading on the surface of the substrate in a container containing sandy soil under the moss crust, wherein the diameter of the container is 18cm, and the height of the container is 2 cm. Culturing in an intelligent illumination incubator at 25 deg.C, with 12000Lx illumination, 12h illumination period, and 80% humidity. The problem with chinese patent application publication No. 104350932a is: the container is too small to be cultured in an intelligent illumination incubator, and although moss crusts can be formed, the method can be adopted only in a small amount during experiments, and cannot be popularized and applied in a large area.
Chinese patent application publication No. 109232034a discloses a moss cultivation method: constructing a moss garden on semiyin semiyang sloping fields, coating a layer of 5-8 cm of rare mud on soil to prepare a garden bed, and uniformly mixing 0.5-1 kg/square meter of Ca (NO) in the rare mud3)2·4H2O, 0.1-0.5 kg/square meter KH2PO4KCl of 0.1-0.3kg per square meter and MgSO 0.15-0.35kg per square meter4·7H2FeCl with O of 0.01-0.05kg per square meter3·6H2And O. The technical proposal is actually a method for maintaining outdoor moss, and the method is toThe nutrient substances are mixed in the soil, the rhizoid absorption capacity of the gametophyte of the moss is poor, the natural growth of the moss is the same as that of the moss, and only a proper amount of artificial watering is needed for moisturizing.
Chinese patent application publication No. CN 108782089A discloses a cultivation method of moss, which comprises selecting a whole piece of moss to crust, soaking and sieving to remove impurities, air-drying, pulverizing into moss fragments, and using landscaping waste leachate, peat, yellow mud, perlite and vermiculite in a weight ratio of 0.5: 3: 2: 1: 1 as a mixed substrate is spread on the ground of the moss culture room, the height is 4-7cm, after nutrient solution is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the mixed substrate, moss fragments are uniformly scattered on the upper surface of the mixed substrate, and mixed solution of water and the nutrient solution is sprayed. CN 108782089A said the nutrient solution that uses is landscaping waste machinery, pulverizes the diameter to be less than 3cm, sprays biological bacterial agent and enzyme agent, piles up the liquid that extracts among 15-18 days after the tectorial membrane, and the landscaping waste kind is too many, does not indicate the specific waste kind. The problems of the Chinese patent application publication No. CN 108782089A are: the structure, form and air humidity control method of the culture room are related to the habitat that the temperature and humidity conditions in the south are suitable for the growth of moss, the planting field, temperature, humidity, diseases and the like in the cold northern area are difficult to control, the moss planting cost is high, and the moss planting method cannot be popularized in a large area.
In addition, the moss gametophyte is sensitive to pesticide, so that the disease is often caused by pest feeding harm and pathogen infection on the moss gametophyte, the moss is planted in the sunlight greenhouse for annual production, once the pests enter the room, the pests are not easy to be eradicated completely, and the problem cannot be solved effectively by the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for soilless moss planting on a sand bed of a sunlight greenhouse net shed, and an innovative moss soilless planting technology, wherein the sunlight greenhouse capable of regulating and controlling the environment is utilized in the north to realize industrialized production of moss, the produced lawn-shaped moss gametophyte is thick and compact in false root interweaving layer, not easy to loose, fresh and green in leaf color, high in market price and highly popular with consumers, so that the ecological green and environment-friendly moss decorative material is continuously and widely utilized, insect pests are eradicated, and the problems in the background technology are solved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for soilless moss planting on a sand bed of a sunlight greenhouse net shed comprises the following steps:
constructing a sunlight greenhouse insect prevention net shed;
secondly, a pest control system with a multicolor dielectric pest suction plate, an electrostatic pest killing lamp and a greenhouse electric demisting device is arranged in the sunlight greenhouse;
thirdly, a sand planting bed suspended above the ground and a built-in sunshade net are built in the sunlight greenhouse; non-woven fabrics and gauze are paved on the planting bed; a three-layer composite structure seedbed consisting of a river sand water-proof bottom layer, a water storage filtering water moss layer and a surface fine sand layer is arranged in the sunlight greenhouse, and a silver gray sunshade net tent is arranged in the sunlight greenhouse;
collecting wild moss attached to the surface of the shady moist rocky rock mass, washing soil impurities attached to the rhizoid of the moss with water, and cultivating the moss on a three-layer composite structure seedbed; spraying amino acid fertilizer and moss planting nutrient solution on the leaf surfaces of the moss, keeping the humidity at 85-90% and the temperature at 20-25 ℃, and culturing and domesticating under a built-in silver gray sunshade net for 110-130 days to obtain moss seedlings;
taking out moss seedlings, soaking the moss seedlings in 0.5 mg/L6-BA solution for 1 minute, adding 20g of white sugar, 250ml of yoghurt 2 bags, 600ml of draught beer and 100g of corn syrup according to 50g of the moss seedlings, stirring for 15 seconds by using a juicer, crushing, coating the moss seedlings on gauze paved on the surface of a suspended sand planting bed, and spraying mist clear water;
sixthly, after sowing for 10 days, the moss begins to grow tender and emerald moss leaf tips, and 5mgGA is added into 1 liter of water every 10 days3(gibberellic acid, also called Jiu Di 0) and 20g glucose are mixed to prepare water solution, and the water solution is sprayed to wet moss; spraying 800-1000 times of liquid fertilizer (amino acid fertilizer) special for seedling lifting at leaf surfaces at intervals of 1 week, and spraying for 1 time every 15 days during the growth period; spraying a moss planting nutrient solution 60 days after sowing, and adding 4 times of water to spray and wet moss leaves when in use; spraying 6-BA solution with concentration of 0.5mg/L for 2 times after 90 days of moss planting, and spacing for 15 days; culturing for 120-150 days in the opened pest and disease control system,culturing into lawn-shaped moss gametophyte population.
The moss planting nutrient solution is prepared according to the following proportion: 1000mg Ca (NO) was added to 1 liter of distilled water3)2·4H2O、250mg KNO3、250mg KH2PO4、250mg MgSO4·7H2O、3mgZnSO4·7H2O and 12.5mgFeSO4·7H2And O, adjusting the pH value to be 6.5-7.
The insect prevention net shed is constructed in the sunlight greenhouse and comprises the following specific steps: a white insect-proof net with 50 meshes is arranged at an air outlet on the inner side of the sunlight greenhouse, and an insect-proof net isolation belt is arranged to prevent imagoes from entering; the insect-proof net at the joint of the front roof of the greenhouse is compacted by soil, the joint is tightly jointed, a double-layer insect-proof net is arranged at the door of the sunlight greenhouse, and a multicolor dielectric insect-sucking plate is arranged at the inner side of the door opening.
A sand planting bed suspended in the air and separated from the ground is built in the sunlight greenhouse, and the method comprises the following specific steps: uniformly spreading the square meter to remove the field insects on the surface of the soil in the sunlight greenhouse according to 2000-3000 g/667, ploughing the soil to a depth of 10-15 cm after application, and watering until the soil layer is wet to 20 cm; after watering for 3 days, leveling and compacting the soil surface to form a ridge, wherein the width of the ridge is 1.6 m; along the east-west direction in a border field, build unsettled liftoff sand kind plant bed with red brick and asbestos shingle: the red bricks are flatly placed at intervals of 30cm to support the bottom, the planting bed is 6cm away from the ground, asbestos tiles are flatly laid on the red bricks, the edges of the asbestos tiles are bricked to be edged, the height of the edges of the planting bed is 6cm, clean river sand with the thickness of 3-5 cm is filled in the planting bed, the river sand on the bed surface is strickled off by a wood plate, and the sand planting bed with the width of 150cm and hanging away is formed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the mosses gametophyte is sensitive to pesticide, diseases are generated when the mosses gametophyte is infected by pests and pathogens, the mosses are planted in the sunlight greenhouse and are produced year by year, once the pests enter the room, the pests are not easy to be eradicated completely, the sunlight greenhouse constructs an insect-preventing net shed, external pests are prevented outside the greenhouse, the number of the pests is further reduced, even if a small number of the pests invade the room, the configured dielectric pest-sucking plate and the electrostatic pest-sucking lamp can attract the pests in time to kill the pests because the pests have the color-dispelling characteristic. The moss bed surface is sprayed with ozone water solution, and the greenhouse electric defogging disease prevention and growth promotion system purifies indoor air to prevent pathogens from infecting moss and reduce the occurrence of diseases.
2. The moss plant has no real root system, the root is a rhizoid root, only plays a role in adsorption and fixation and cannot absorb water and nutrients from soil, the humidity is increased by frequently adopting a water irrigation method in a greenhouse, when leaves of a moss gametophyte are flooded with water, the leaves are easy to rot due to high temperature and high humidity, and the moss can grow normally by adopting soilless planting in a sand bed suspended above the ground.
3. The invention relates to soilless moss planting on a built-in sunshade net tent of a sunlight greenhouse, laying non-woven fabrics and gauze on a sandy planting bed, realizing humidity control by watering ground soil and controlling the ventilation time and the ventilation position of the greenhouse, and spraying amino acid fertilizer, 6-BA (plant cytokinin), GA (GA) on moss leaf surfaces3 The glucose supplements nutrition, promotes photosynthesis and accelerates the growth speed of the moss.
4. The invention well solves the technical problems in the background technology, innovatively adopts a soilless moss planting technology, realizes industrial production of moss in a northern area by utilizing a sunlight greenhouse capable of regulating and controlling the environment, and the produced lawn-shaped moss gametophyte has thick and compact false root interweaving layer, is not easy to loose, has bright green leaf color and high market price, is highly popular with consumers, and enables the ecological green environment-friendly moss decorative material to be continuously and widely utilized.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
A method for soilless moss planting on a sand bed of a sunlight greenhouse net shed comprises the following steps:
constructing an insect prevention net shed in a sunlight greenhouse;
secondly, a pest control system with a multicolor dielectric pest suction plate, an electrostatic pest killing lamp and a greenhouse electric demisting device is arranged in the sunlight greenhouse;
thirdly, a sand planting bed suspended above the ground and a built-in sunshade net are built in the sunlight greenhouse; non-woven fabrics and gauze are paved on the planting bed; a seedbed with a three-layer composite structure consisting of a river sand water-proof bottom layer, a water storage filtering water moss layer and a surface fine sand layer is arranged in the sunlight greenhouse, and a silver gray sunshade net is arranged in the sunlight greenhouse;
collecting wild moss attached to the surface of the shady damp rocky rock mass, washing soil sundries attached to the rhizoid of the moss with water, and cultivating the moss on a seedbed with a three-layer composite structure; spraying amino acid fertilizer and moss planting nutrient solution on the leaf surfaces of moss, keeping the humidity at 85-90 percent and the temperature at 20-25 ℃, and culturing and domesticating under a built-in silver gray sunshade net for 110-130 days to obtain moss seedlings;
taking out moss seedlings, soaking the moss seedlings in 0.5 mg/L6-BA solution for 1 minute, adding 20g of white sugar, 250ml of yoghurt 2 bags, 600ml of draught beer and 100g of corn syrup according to 50g of the moss seedlings, stirring for 15 seconds by using a juicer, crushing, coating the moss seedlings on gauze paved on the surface of a suspended sand planting bed, and spraying mist clear water;
sixthly, after sowing for 10 days, the moss begins to grow tender and emerald moss leaf tips, and 5mgGA is added into 1 liter of water every 10 days3(gibberellic acid, also called Jiu Di 0) and 20g glucose are mixed to prepare water solution, and the water solution is sprayed to wet moss; spraying 800-1000 times of liquid fertilizer (amino acid fertilizer) special for seedling lifting at leaf surfaces at intervals of 1 week, and spraying for 1 time every 15 days during the growth period; spraying a moss planting nutrient solution 60 days after sowing, and adding 4 times of water to spray and wet moss leaves when in use; spraying 6-BA solution with concentration of 0.5mg/L for 2 times after 90 days of moss planting, and spacing for 15 days; culturing for 120-150 days under the opened pest control system to obtain the lawn-shaped moss gametophyte population.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
1. preparation of sunlight greenhouse
The moss is a plant growing close to the ground surface, the plant is extremely dwarfed, the requirement on a sunlight greenhouse building for planting is low, the planted greenhouse can be 6-10 m generally, and the factors of winter proofing and heat preservation in winter, summer proofing and cooling in summer, ventilation and shading and the like are mainly considered in year-round production all the year round. The wall body of the sunlight greenhouse requires that the rear wall and the east-west gable wall of the greenhouse are pseudo-ginseng wall bodies, the outer side of the wall body is insulated by a polyphenyl insulation board with the thickness of 5cm, the rear wall is provided with 2 rows of ventilation holes, the distance between the ventilation holes in the upper row and the ground is 1.5m, the distance between the ventilation holes in the lower row and the ground is 0.5m, and the ventilation holes are generally 30cm long and 20 cm.
2. Built-in isolation insect prevention net shed for building sunlight greenhouse
The method for preventing the invasion of the external insects by arranging the isolation belt with the built-in insect-proof net comprises the following steps: a50-mesh white insect-proof net is arranged at an air outlet on the inner side of the sunlight greenhouse, and an insect-proof net isolation belt is arranged to prevent imagoes from entering. The insect-proof net at the joint of the front roof of the greenhouse is compacted by soil, the joint is tightly jointed, a double-layer insect-proof net is arranged at the door of the sunlight greenhouse, and a multicolor dielectric insect-sucking plate is arranged at the inner side of the door opening; when the manager enters and exits the greenhouse for a short time, the insects coming along with the manager meet the special color stimulus of the color plate and move instinctively towards the color plate to be killed by the dielectric insect-sucking plate, so that the number of the insects invading from the outside is reduced.
3. Laying pest prevention and control equipment
Consists of a multicolor dielectric insect sucking plate, an electrostatic insect killing lamp, a greenhouse electric demisting device (disease prevention and growth promotion system) and an ozone generator;
the dielectric insect suction plate and the electrostatic insect killing lamp are used for trapping and killing the net-leaking imagoes: the multicolor dielectric insect sucking plate consists of a high-voltage power supply, a substrate, a dielectric coating and yellow and blue wear-resistant protective layers; utilizing the color of the adult insects, and adopting a color plate and dielectric adsorption technology to attract the adult insects to the plate for firmly adhering and killing the insects; every 20m in sunlight greenhouse2Placing a multicolor dielectric insect absorption plate, hanging the multicolor dielectric insect absorption plate at a position which is 0-0 cm-15 cm away from the ground, trapping and killing adult insects which move in the daytime and leak out of the net, and wiping the plate surface of the multicolor dielectric insect absorption plate with wet rags in time. The electrostatic insect killing lamp consists of an insect killing lamp cylinder, a tray, an insect attracting lamp, a light controller, a high-voltage electrode and the like; hanging at a height of 100-150 cm from the ground, each 667m23 electrostatic insect killing lamps are uniformly hung in the greenhouse and are used for attracting insects with larger body types;
the greenhouse electric demisting device (disease prevention and growth promotion system) can prevent diseases: the adopted greenhouse electric demisting device consists of four parts, namely a main power supply, a controller, a 200m electrode wire and 20 suspension insulators; the controller and the main power supply are installed on the wall of the operating room, the electrode wire is erected on an arch frame at the position of 1.5m in height, and the insulators comprise 1 strip line insulator and 19 hanging line insulators; the strip insulator is fixed on a shed roof steel beam closest to the main power supply, other insulators are uniformly distributed on the shed roof steel beam in the length direction of the greenhouse, and the electrode wires are connected into a whole through screws at the bottom ends of the insulators.
4. Moss planting
(1) Making a sand planting bed suspended above the ground and setting up a sunshade net
Uniformly spraying and applying the euproctis terraria clean (the euproctis clean is a high-efficiency broad-spectrum insecticide and has the effects of fumigation, contact killing and stomach toxicity) on the surface of soil in a greenhouse according to 2000-3000 g/667 square meters, turning over the soil to a depth of 10-15 cm after application, watering until the soil layer is wetted to 20cm, and killing earthworms, grubs, mole cricket, wireworms, cutworms and ground snails in the soil. After watering for 3 days, leveling and compacting the soil surface to form a ridge, wherein the width of the ridge is 1.6 m;
in the east-west direction of the ridge, a suspended above-ground sand planting bed is built by red bricks (24 cm multiplied by 12cm multiplied by 6cm) and asbestos tiles: the red bricks are flatly placed at intervals of 30cm and supported at the bottom (namely the planting bed is 6cm away from the ground), asbestos tiles are flatly laid on the bricks, the edges of the asbestos tiles are bricked to be edged, the height of the asbestos tiles is 6cm (the height of the sides of the planting bed), clean and fine river sand with the thickness of 3-5 cm is filled in the bed, and the sand on the bed surface is scraped by a wood plate to be flat, so that the suspended and ground-separated sand planting bed with the width. Before planting, sterilizing the ground in a 800-time liquid net shed by using thiophanate methyl;
by using the suspended and liftoff planting bed, the phenomenon that water is accumulated to submerge moss when the moss is planted on the surface of soil and watered, plants are anoxic and rotten, and water at the bottom of the planting bed permeates to the surface of the soil can be avoided, so that the air humidity can be increased, and the water is not accumulated in the planting bed;
building a built-in sunshade net: a supporting rod is arranged at the boundary of the planting area of the greenhouse, a sunshade net which is 1m away from the ground is built, a plane sunshade net which is pulled to the middle from the south side and the north side is respectively selected, szw-16 silver gray sunshade nets are selected, the length of the sunshade net is equal to the east-west edge distance of a sand planting bed in the greenhouse, the width of the sunshade net is 6m, and the sunshade net plays a role in sunshade and moisture preservation.
(2) Preparing nutrient solution for planting moss
Through tests, the following formula nutrient solution (improved Knop formula nutrient solution) is used for planting the moss, and the moss grows fast, namely the moss is prepared according to the following proportion: 1000mg Ca (NO) was added to 1 liter of distilled water3)2·4H2O、250mg KNO3、250mg KH2PO4、250mg MgSO4·7H2O、3mgZnSO4·7H2O and 12.5mgFeSO4·7H2And O, adjusting the pH value to be 6.5-7.
(3) Moss seedling cultivation
And (3) collecting local wild moss gametophytes at the beginning of 3 months, selecting moss attached to the surface of the shady moist rocky rock mass, scraping and collecting the moss by using a collecting shovel, wherein the wild moss has strong adaptability to local environmental conditions, and has fewer diseases and high survival rate after planting. The wild moss in the north is generally in a dormant state, the appearance of the wild moss is in a dehydrated withered yellow state, and the collected moss is crinis carbonisatus;
after field collection, repeatedly washing with clear water until soil impurities attached to the moss rhizoid are completely removed during collection, and domesticating and cultivating moss seedlings in a seedbed;
a seedbed: adopts a seedbed with the bed bottom and the periphery customized by wood boards, and the length of the wooden seedbed is 1m, the width is 1m, and the height is 15 cm. The structure in the bed is sequentially provided with a large-grain river sand water-proof bottom layer 5-10 cm, a water storage and filtration water moss layer 1-2 cm, a surface fine sand layer 1-2 cm and a three-layer composite structure bed height of about 10cm from the bottom upwards, wherein the water storage and filtration water moss layer is compacted, the surface fine sand planting layer is flat, and water is poured and permeates before planting;
after the moss collected in the field is planted in a seedbed, the humidity is 85% -90%, the temperature is 20-25 ℃, and after the moss is cultured for 1 week under a szw-14 silver gray built-in sunshade net, the moss stops dormancy, turns green and starts growing, and water is sprayed for 1 time respectively in the morning and at the evening. Every 2 weeks on a seedbed, in the early morning of sunny days, a water-soluble fertilizer (an amino acid fertilizer, produced by Henan Jiansheng agricultural science and technology development limited company) special for improving the seedlings by Fujian, wherein the water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed with 800-1000 times of liquid on leaf surfaces, and the rapid growth of moss gametophytes is promoted. And (3) spraying 1 time of 1kg of nutrient solution for planting the moss and adding 4kg of diluted nutrient solution with water respectively when the moss is planted in the seedbed for domestication on 40 days and 70 days, and after the moss is cultivated for 110-130 days, the gametophyte pseudoroots of the moss are interwoven together to form a felty pseudoroot distribution layer, and when the height of the gametophyte reaches 1-1.5 cm, the moss seedlings are obtained. The wild moss has strong adaptability and less diseases, the occurrence condition of weeds in the seedling raising bed is noticed at any time during the whole moss seedling domestication period, and the weeds seedlings are pulled out in time when the weeds appear.
(4) Moss sprout treatment
Taking out moss seedlings on a seedbed, washing the false root part with clear water, removing sand adhered to the root part, soaking in a 6-BA solution with the concentration of 0.5mg/L for 1 minute, placing in a shade place for controlling water, adding 20g of white sugar, 250ml of yoghurt 2 bags, 600ml of draught beer and 100g of corn syrup according to 50g of moss, stirring at a low speed for 15 seconds by using a household small-sized juicer, smashing, pouring into a container, washing the juicer with a small amount of clear water, mixing with moss juice, and waiting for sowing.
(5) Moss seedling planting
Before sowing, the sand planting bed suspended above the ground is sprayed with water for purification until asbestos tiles at the bottom of the bed generally drip, a layer of non-woven fabric is laid on the bed surface, gauze is used as a growth layer for hooking moss rhizoid, and water is sprayed after the laying is finished. Dipping the moss serous fluid to be sown by a brush, and uniformly brushing the moss serous fluid on the surface of gauze of the planting bed;
after seeding, spraying atomized clear water by using an electric ultra-low volume sprayer (the diameter of the fog particles is 30-50 microns), covering a plastic film on the planting bed for moisturizing, and tensioning and sealing the sunshade net. Spraying purified fog water in the morning and at night every day. The film and the sunshade net are pulled open during each spraying, and the film and the sunshade net are closed after the spraying;
after sowing for 10 days, the moss begins to grow tender and emerald moss leaf tips, the plastic film on the planting bed is removed, and the success of sowing is shown. Every 10 days, 5mgGA was added into 1 liter of water3Mixing with 20g glucose, stirring, and spraying and moistening moss to supplement nutrition.
(6) Humidification in sunlight greenhouse
The indoor humidity is increased by watering the ground in the furrows, so that the humidity in the greenhouse is kept between 85 and 90 percent.
5. Cultivation, maintenance and management of moss
(1) Temperature and humidity regulation and control in sunlight greenhouse
The moss can be produced in the sunlight greenhouse all the year round, and the environmental conditions in the sunlight greenhouse are controlled according to the outdoor temperature in one year;
3, early month to 4 month end: ventilation and sun shading. And the upper vent holes on the rear wall of the sunlight greenhouse and the vent holes at the top end of the greenhouse film are opened for gas exchange. Every morning on a sunny day 7: 00-8: 00. 16 in the afternoon: 00-17: 00 each of which was exposed to sunlight for 1 hour. And (5) uncovering the curtain all day after cloudy day. Except for spraying on the planting bed surface every day, the ground in the ridge is watered thoroughly once a week to moisten soil by 15 cm;
5-10 month end: ventilating, shading and cooling. Opening the upper and lower double-row ventilation holes of the rear wall of the sunlight greenhouse and the ventilation holes at the top end of the greenhouse film and the bottom corner of the front roof all the day to exchange gas, wherein the upper and lower double-row ventilation holes are 6 in the morning every day: 00-8: 00. in the afternoon 17: 00-18: 30 the curtain is taken off to receive the sunlight, and the curtain is taken off all day in cloudy days. Spraying on the planting bed surface every day, spraying water on the ground in the furrow every day to keep the soil moist except for once per week of water permeation, and controlling the temperature by uncovering external heat insulation materials to reduce the sunshine time;
11 month early to 2 month late: heat preservation, ventilation, moisturizing. In sunny days, the curtain is uncovered all day long to increase the temperature, the light is controlled by an inner sunshade net, and 9 a.m.: 00-14 pm: 00, opening the windproof holes at the top end of the greenhouse film for ventilation, wherein the rest windproof holes are in a closed state in the period, the soil in the furrow is not watered as much as possible, the soil surface is sprayed with water, the humidity of the air is increased by wetting, and the humidity of the air is always kept at 80-90%. The uncovering management of the external heat-insulating covering material in winter is the same as the vegetable production operation, and the indoor illumination is mainly regulated and controlled by a built-in sunshade net.
(2) Starting insect and disease prevention system
The multi-color dielectric insect sucking plate and the electrostatic insect killing lamp are mainly used for preventing and controlling net-leaking insects, the using time is generally from 3 months end to 10 months middle ten days, attention is paid to observation in the period, and when small flying insects appear on the yellow insect sucking plate, the yellow insect sucking plate is electrified in time to prevent the insects from damaging moss. The rest time can be decided according to the situation, the situation of the trapped and killed insects can be checked in time, and dead insects can be cleaned in time. The yellow sucking plate has good attracting effect on aphids and whiteflies, and the blue sucking plate has good attracting effect on thrips;
after the moss is sown, a greenhouse electric fog-removing disease-preventing growth-promoting system is used, so that the indoor air condition is improved, harmful microbial pathogenic fungi and bacteria in the air are killed, and the moss is in a working state all the year round. The system uses electricity near 1 degree every day, and the management staff of should paying attention to when using can temporarily turn off the power when indoor work. The purified air reduces the number of disease particles spread;
every 15 days, the ozone water solution generated by the water treatment ozone generator is sprayed on the moss planting bed until the sand layer on the bed surface is 1cm, so that the moss planting bed has the effects of disinfection and sterilization, and can be automatically reduced into oxygen while being sterilized, and the influence on moss plants is small.
(3) Moss fertilizer application
The bryophyte rhizoid generally has no ability of absorbing nutrient substances, and grows by the nutrient absorption of stems and leaves and the photosynthesis of the stem and leaf. Spraying 800-1000 times of special water-soluble fertilizer (amino acid fertilizer, produced by Henan Jiansheng agriculture science and technology development limited company) for promoting seedlings by Fujian onto leaf surfaces every 15 days during the growth period of the moss, crossing the water-soluble fertilizer and keeping the water-soluble fertilizer at an interval of 1 week, and adding 5mgGA into 1 liter of water3Mixing with 20g of glucose, stirring uniformly, spraying and wetting moss leaves to supplement nutrition, and enabling moss plants to grow rapidly;
spraying moss nutrient solution (improved Knop formula nutrient solution): after sowing for 60 days, spraying 4 times of water at intervals of 15 days;
after 90 days of moss planting, 6-BA solution with the concentration of 0.5mg/L is sprayed for 2 times at intervals of 15 days, so that the formation of moss rhizoid can be promoted, the interweaving of felty rhizoid is accelerated to be tight, and the combination among strains of moss products is tight, so that the product quality can be improved;
6. moss lawn harvesting and use
The moss can be cut and applied after 120-fold planting for 150 days, non-woven fabrics and gauze are used as moss growth substrates, the felty rhizomes are hung between gauze grids, moss gametophytes are not easy to loose and fall off when moss blocks are cut, and the moss lawn slices can be curled, stored and transported after being cut, have good lawn-like property and are easy to package and shape when being used. According to specific conditions, the material can be used as a moss body of micro-landscape and a sand table for manufacturing enterprises and institutions, and also can be used as an indoor wall greening material and an outdoor landscaping material in a southern high-humidity environment.
Claims (4)
1. A soilless moss planting method for a sand bed of a sunlight greenhouse net shed is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps:
constructing an insect prevention net shed in a sunlight greenhouse;
secondly, a pest control system with a multicolor dielectric pest suction plate, an electrostatic pest killing lamp and a greenhouse electric demisting device is arranged in the sunlight greenhouse;
thirdly, a sand planting bed suspended above the ground and a built-in sunshade net are built in the sunlight greenhouse; non-woven fabrics and gauze are paved on the planting bed; a three-layer composite structure seedbed consisting of a river sand water-proof bottom layer, a water storage filtering water moss layer and a surface fine sand layer is arranged in the sunlight greenhouse, and a silver gray sunshade net tent is arranged in the sunlight greenhouse;
collecting wild moss attached to the surface of the shady moist rocky rock mass, washing soil impurities attached to the rhizoid of the moss with water, and cultivating the moss on a three-layer composite structure seedbed; spraying amino acid fertilizer and moss planting nutrient solution on the leaf surfaces of the moss, keeping the humidity at 85-90% and the temperature at 20-25 ℃, and culturing and domesticating under a built-in silver gray sunshade net for 110-130 days to obtain moss seedlings;
taking out moss seedlings, soaking the moss seedlings in 0.5 mg/L6-BA solution for 1 minute, adding 20g of white sugar, 250ml of yoghurt 2 bags, 600ml of draught beer and 100g of corn syrup according to 50g of the moss seedlings, stirring for 15 seconds by using a juicer, crushing, coating the moss seedlings on gauze paved on the surface of a suspended sand planting bed, and spraying mist clear water;
sixthly, after sowing for 10 days, the moss begins to grow out of the moss leaf tips, and every 10 days, 5mgGA is added into 1 liter of water3Preparing an aqueous solution by mixing the aqueous solution and 20g of glucose, and spraying the aqueous solution to wet moss; spraying 800-1000 times of liquid seedling-lifting water-soluble fertilizer on leaf surfaces at intervals of 1 week, and spraying for 1 time every 15 days during the growth period; spraying a moss planting nutrient solution 60 days after sowing, and adding 4 times of water to spray and wet moss leaves when in use; spraying 6-BA solution with concentration of 0.5mg/L for 2 times after 90 days of moss planting, and spacing for 15 days; culturing for 120-150 days under the opened pest control system to obtain the lawn-shaped moss gametophyte population.
2. The method for soilless moss planting on sand bed of sunlight greenhouse net shed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the moss planting nutrient solution is prepared according to the following proportion:1000mg Ca (NO) was added to 1 liter of distilled water3)2·4H2O、250mg KNO3、250mg KH2PO4、250mg MgSO4·7H2O、3mgZnSO4·7H2O and 12.5mgFeSO4·7H2And O, adjusting the pH value to be 6.5-7.
3. The method for soilless moss planting in a sand bed of a sunlight greenhouse net shed as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the insect prevention net shed is constructed in the sunlight greenhouse and comprises the following specific steps: a white insect-proof net with 50 meshes is arranged at an air outlet on the inner side of the sunlight greenhouse, and an insect-proof net isolation belt is arranged to prevent imagoes from entering; the insect-proof net at the joint of the front roof of the greenhouse is compacted by soil, the joint is tightly jointed, a double-layer insect-proof net is arranged at the door of the sunlight greenhouse, and a multicolor dielectric insect-sucking plate is arranged at the inner side of the door opening.
4. The method for soilless moss planting in a sand bed of a sunlight greenhouse net shed as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a sand planting bed suspended in the air and separated from the ground is built in the sunlight greenhouse, and the method comprises the following specific steps: uniformly spreading the field insects on the surface of soil in a sunlight greenhouse according to 2000-3000 g/667 square meters, ploughing the soil to a depth of 10-15 cm after application, and watering until the soil layer is wet to 20 cm; after watering for 3 days, leveling and compacting the soil surface to form a ridge, wherein the width of the ridge is 1.6 m; along the east-west direction in a border field, build unsettled liftoff sand kind plant bed with red brick and asbestos shingle: the red bricks are flatly placed at intervals of 30cm to support the bottom, the planting bed is 6cm away from the ground, asbestos tiles are flatly laid on the red bricks, the edges of the asbestos tiles are bricked to be edged, the height of the edges of the planting bed is 6cm, clean river sand with the thickness of 3-5 cm is filled in the planting bed, the river sand on the bed surface is strickled off by a wood plate, and the sand planting bed with the width of 150cm and hanging away is formed.
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| CN112335508B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-05-18 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 | Application method of moss sporophyte suspension containing chitosan/glucan in bare land greening |
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