CN111011192A - Planting method for potted strawberries on elevated seedbed - Google Patents
Planting method for potted strawberries on elevated seedbed Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/28—Raised beds; Planting beds; Edging elements for beds, lawn or the like, e.g. tiles
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting potted strawberries on an elevated seedbed, which comprises the following steps of A, constructing a greenhouse: building a greenhouse connected greenhouse, adopting an integrated water and fertilizer management system, and feeding, draining and irrigating water through a water feeding and draining system; B. constructing an elevated seedbed: getting up a compartment in the greenhouse, and arranging a passage between compartment surfaces; building a rolling elevated seedbed above the compartment surface; C. preparing a substrate, loading the substrate into a bowl and putting the bowl on a frame; D. planting: planting according to the principle that the core is not buried deeply and the root is not exposed shallowly; E. field management: water supply, fertilization, weeding, plant management, pollination management and comprehensive pest control, wherein the comprehensive pest control is a method combining farming management, physical control and chemical control; F. and (6) harvesting. The invention does not need stoop operation, has small labor intensity, avoids continuous cropping soil-borne diseases, has small pesticide consumption, small environmental pollution, high utilization rate of water and fertilizer, high land utilization rate, high yield, good fruit quality and high satisfaction degree of picking experience of consumers; the technical difficulty is low, and the investment cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting methods of special crop strawberries, in particular to a planting method of elevated seedbed pot-planted strawberries.
Background
Strawberry (Fragaria x ananasasaDuch.) is perennial herb of Fragaria of Rosaceae, and is called red strawberry, blackberry, herba rubus corchorifolii etc., the main planting species are zhaoji and red, the strawberry has high nutritive value, is rich in various nutritive substances, and has health care efficacy, the fruit has bright color, is soft and juicy, has moderate sweetness and acidity, and is rich in nutrition, so the strawberry also has the reputation of 'fruit queen'. In recent years, modern agriculture in China is developed vigorously, and high-quality strawberries have great market potential and are important economic crops for developing rural economy and promoting income increase of farmers. Is suitable for cultivation in a protected area, is listed before the Yuan Dan, has the market value of about 30 Yuan one jin, and has high economic benefit.
China is the country with the most abundant wild strawberry resources in the world, and the wild strawberries are utilized for a long time and are used up to the present, and the current strawberry production area in China is the first world. At present, the traditional planting mode is adopted in large area in China for planting strawberries, namely ridging is carried out on the spot in a field, and a series of problems of high labor intensity, serious continuous cropping soil-borne diseases, large pesticide using amount, low water and fertilizer utilization rate, serious environmental pollution, low yield, poor fruit quality, low satisfaction degree of picking experience of consumers and the like exist in stoop operation, so that the development of the strawberry industry is severely restricted. Along with the rapid development of leisure sightseeing agriculture, the strawberry garden-entering picking is an important state of the strawberry planting industry, the stereoscopic strawberry planting mode is also developed vigorously, and multiple layers of stereoscopic planting frames are used for planting, but at present, the mode has the defects of high technical requirement of nutrient solution allocation, trouble in adjusting the planting position, high operation difficulty of the stepped staggered planting frame and uneven column type planting lighting. The modern stereoscopic strawberry planting technology is difficult and the investment cost is high. Therefore, the traditional strawberry planting mode has the problems of high labor intensity of stooping operation, serious continuous cropping soil-borne diseases, large pesticide using amount, serious environmental pollution, low utilization rate of water and fertilizer, low yield, poor fruit quality and low picking experience satisfaction degree of consumers; the modern stereoscopic strawberry planting mode has the problems of high technical difficulty and high input cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting strawberries in a pot in an elevated seedbed. The invention does not need stoop operation, has small labor intensity, avoids continuous cropping soil-borne diseases, has small pesticide consumption, small environmental pollution, high utilization rate of water and fertilizer, high land utilization rate, high yield, good fruit quality and high satisfaction degree of picking experience of consumers; the technical difficulty is low, and the investment cost is low; the planting pot can be moved to any position at any time, and is more suitable for the development needs of urban agriculture, urban micro-agriculture and family farms.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for planting strawberry in elevated seedbed and bowl includes the following steps,
A. constructing a greenhouse: building a greenhouse-linked greenhouse, adopting an integrated water and fertilizer management system, supplying water and draining water through a water supply and drainage system, controlling the humidity in the greenhouse to be 50% -80%, the temperature to be 5-30 ℃ and the illumination intensity to be 5000-6000 lx, and ensuring the rapid growth of the greenhouse in a stable environment;
B. constructing an elevated seedbed: a cement access road is arranged between carriage surfaces when a carriage is lifted in the greenhouse; the width of the compartment surface is 0.8-1.0 m, a rolling elevated seedbed is built above the compartment surface, the height of the seedbed is 0.7-0.8 m, and the width of the seedbed is 1.5-1.7 m; the middle of the seedbed is supported by a square tube and a wire netting which are connected with each other, and the width of the square tube and the wire netting is equal to that of the seedbed; two rolling steel pipes capable of adjusting the space between seedbeds are arranged at the bottoms of the square pipes and the wire netting, and a rotating handle is arranged on one rolling steel pipe; the periphery of the seedbed is flanged by an aluminum plate; a foot stool is arranged at the bottom of the seedbed; the arrangement of the rolling steel pipes enables the seedbed to integrally move left and right, so that the distance between the seedbed and the seedbed is adjusted, for example, when farm work is carried out or fruits are picked, the distance between the seedbed on one side of the seedbed is widened by adjusting the rolling steel pipes, the operation is more convenient, and the land resources can be saved; the seedbed and the soil below the seedbed are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the width of the seedbed is wider than that of the soil below the seedbed without influencing the use of a sidewalk, and the soil below the seedbed after the seedbed is built can be used for planting juveniles or for breeding chickens and ducks, so that the land utilization rate is improved;
C. preparing a substrate, loading the substrate into a pot and putting the substrate on a rack: mixing humus soil and decomposed medicine dregs according to a volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare a substrate, and filling the substrate into a plastic planting pot, wherein the caliber of the planting pot is 25-30cm, and the height of the planting pot is 20-30 cm; placing the planting pots on a seedbed, placing the planting pots along two side length direction baffles, placing two rows on two sides, configuring a drip irrigation tape in each row, and leaving the middle of the seedbed 30-50 cm after the planting pots are placed;
D. planting: in the middle and last ten days of 8 months, planting the seedlings in one pot according to the principle that the core is not buried deeply and the roots are not exposed shallowly; the inflorescences of the plants in the same row face the same direction, so that the arch backs of the strawberry seedlings face the preset growth direction of the inflorescences; watering thoroughly after field planting, watering for 1 time every day, and not watering when the soil is not dry after the strawberry seedlings survive; the deep core is not buried, the shallow root is not exposed, the seedling core is exposed out of the soil surface, and the root system is straightened and buried in the soil;
E. field management:
(1) water supply: drip irrigation is adopted for water supplement, the water supply amount in different growth periods is different, and the requirement of the soil water content is as follows: 60-70% of the early growth stage, 55-60% of the flower bud differentiation stage and the flowering stage, and 60-65% of the fruiting stage;
(2) fertilizing: fertilizing for the first time after planting survival, fully mixing the fermented rapeseed cakes and the bio-organic fertilizer according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and then topdressing 8-12 g in each pot; fertilizing for the second time before flower bud differentiation, fully mixing the fermented rapeseed cakes and a potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer according to the volume ratio of 2:1, and then topdressing 8-12 g in each pot; after that, top dressing is carried out once every month, after the fermented rapeseed cakes and the high-potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer are fully mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1, 8-12 g of top dressing is carried out in each pot;
(3) weeding: manually removing weeds in time;
(4) plant management: removing old leaf diseased leaves, axillary buds and stolons in the growing period, wherein 5-6 leaves are reserved, and the number of the axillary buds is not more than 2; thinning flowers and vegetables at the flower and fruit stage, removing invalid inflorescences, malformed fruits and insect-disease fruits, weakening and keeping strong flowers and fruits above the 3 rd level, keeping 2-3 branches of inflorescences for each plant, and keeping 5-7 fruits in each inflorescence;
(5) pollination management: 1-2 d before blooming, placing a box of bees for supplementary pollination every 2-3 mu in the greenhouse;
(6) and (3) comprehensive pest control: adopting a method combining farming management, physical control and chemical control, wherein the farming management comprises the steps of manually cleaning residual leaves, insect and disease leaves, flowers and fruits and adjusting greenhouse operation parameters; physical prevention and control comprises the steps of disinfecting at high temperature in a closed shed, manually pulling out diseased plants when the diseased plants are found, scattering lime powder on the diseased parts, and luring aphids or manually killing pests by using yellow or blue pest sticking plates and pest killing lamps; the chemical control comprises that high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticide varieties are selected strictly according to the regulations of the pesticide management regulations of the people's republic of China, and phoxim missible oil and hymexazol wettable powder are applied to the mixture of humus soil and decomposed medicine dregs during the preparation of a substrate; before planting, the refined methyl fludioxonil and the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer root-dressing are used for dipping the strawberry seedlings into roots; after the field planting survives, using bacillus subtilis wettable powder to prevent and control king-red and root rot, using kresoxim-methyl water dispersible granules or difenoconazole water dispersible granules or diethyl ether phenol suspending agents to prevent and control powdery mildew, using pyrimethanil water dispersible granules or iprodione suspending agents to prevent and control gray mold, using spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus or high-efficiency cypermethrin water emulsion to prevent and control spodoptera litura, using matrine aqueous solution or ethyl pleocidin suspending agents or imidacloprid suspending agents to prevent and control aphids, using avidazole missible oil or bifenazate suspending agents to prevent and control red spiders, and using metaldehyde granules to prevent and control slugs;
F. harvesting
(1) Harvesting time: 11 months to 5 months in the next year, 8 to 10 am and 4 to 6 pm;
(2) and (4) standard harvesting: harvesting when more than 80% of the surface of the fruit is red;
(3) the harvesting method comprises the following steps: manually harvesting, lightly picking, lightly holding, lightly placing, wearing disposable gloves to break branches at the base of strawberry, and packaging by grades.
In the planting method of the elevated seedbed pot-planted strawberries, in the step A, the total height of the linked greenhouse is 5.3m, each linked greenhouse comprises 6-10 arches, the span of each arch is 8m, two long side edges of each arch are provided with stand columns, the height of each stand column is 3.5m, the row spacing of the stand columns is 4m multiplied by 8m, the periphery and the roof of the linked greenhouse enable the linked greenhouse to ventilate through an automatic film rolling machine, the roof of the linked greenhouse is provided with an aluminum foil sunshade net, and the periphery of the linked greenhouse is provided with an insect-proof net. The outside of the multi-span greenhouse adopts a UV2792AD PEP film, and the integrated water and fertilizer management system is an f-16 fertilizer drop easy water and fertilizer system of Beijing Aweda technology Limited.
In the planting method of the elevated seedbed pot-planted strawberries, in the step A, a ventilation opening is formed in a greenhouse film of the multi-span greenhouse, the ventilation opening is opened to cool or a sunshade net is closed to cool when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, and the greenhouse film is closed to heat or the sunshade net is closed to preserve heat when the temperature is lower than 5 ℃.
In the above planting method of the elevated seedbed pot-planted strawberries, in the step B, the square pipes and the rolling steel pipes are hot-galvanized pipes.
In the planting method of the strawberry planted in the pot on the elevated seedbed, the step B is that the elevated seedbed is built: hardening cement sidewalks in the greenhouse, wherein the sidewalk width is 0.8-1.0 m, and the sidewalk hardening thickness is 0.05-0.08 m; the width of the compartment surface is 0.8-1.0 m, a rolling elevated seedbed is built above the compartment surface between the sidewalks, the height of the seedbed is 0.7-0.8 m, and the width of the seedbed is 1.5-1.7 m; the middle part of the seedbed is supported by a square tube (20mm multiplied by 40mm, the wall thickness is 2.0mm) and a steel wire mesh (3.5cm multiplied by 13.5cm), and the width of the square tube and the steel wire mesh is equal to the width of the seedbed; two rolling phi 40 steel pipes (the wall thickness is 2.0mm) are placed at the bottom of the wire netting to adjust the space between seedbeds, and one steel pipe is provided with a rotating handle; the periphery of the seedbed is flanged by an aluminum plate, and the aluminum plate is 10cm high and 2mm thick; square tubes (20mm multiplied by 40mm, wall thickness 2.0mm) are used as foot rests, the height is 0.7-0.8 m, the transverse spacing is 1.1-1.2 m, and the longitudinal spacing is 1.8-2.2 m; the base at the bottom of the foot rest is driven into the cement floor by an expansion screw to be fixed.
In the above method for planting the strawberry in the elevated seedbed pot, in step C, the planting pot is filled with the substrate.
In the step C, the diameter of the planting pot is 30cm, the height of the planting pot is 28cm, the moisture content of the humus is 30% -35%, the decomposed herb residues are herb residues and stem residues of Guizhou Bailing enterprise group pharmaceutical manufacturing company Limited, and the moisture content of the decomposed herb residues is 30% -35%.
In the planting method of the strawberry planted in the elevated seedbed pot, in the step D, the number of leaves of the strawberry planting seedlings is more than 5, the strawberry seedlings have core leaves, the strawberry seedlings are thick and strong, the root systems are developed, the strawberry seedlings are brown, and the whole strawberry seedlings are free from diseases, insect pests and infection.
In the planting method of the elevated seedbed pot-planted strawberries, in the step E- (1), the pre-growth stage is a period from the planting survival to the flower bud differentiation; the flower bud differentiation period refers to the period of the strawberry leaf base growing point from the divided leaf and axillary bud to the differentiated inflorescence; the flowering phase refers to the period from the blooming of flowers, the exposure of female and male stamens from flower perianth to the withering of flowers after pollination and fertilization are completed; the fruiting period refers to the period from fruit setting of the strawberries to fruit ripening after pollination; the strawberries have the same flower and fruit period, and the flag flowers and the fruit bearing period are limited by that more than 60% of flowering plants or fruit bearing plants are grown in a greenhouse.
In the planting method of the strawberry planted in the elevated seedbed pot, in the step E- (2), the rapeseed cake is fully fermented oil cake after rapeseed oil is pressed; in the biological organic fertilizer, N + P2O5+K2The total content of O is more than or equal to 5 percent, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 40 percent, and the number of beneficial viable bacteria is more than or equal to 200 hundred million/kg of bacillus subtilis; in the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, N + P2O5+K2The total content of O is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the high-potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer is N + P2O5+K2Total O content greater than or equal to 45%, K2The content of O is more than or equal to 24 percent.
In the planting method of the elevated seedbed pot-planted strawberries, in the step E- (2), the content of N in the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer is 15 percent, and the content of P in the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer is P2O5Content 15%, K2The O content is 15 percent; in the high-potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, the content of N is 16 percent, and P is2O5Content 5%, K2The O content was 24%.
In the planting method of the elevated seedbed pot-planted strawberries, in the step E- (3), the weeding is carried out simultaneously in combination with the E- (4) plant management.
In the above method for planting strawberry in the elevated seedbed pot, in the step E- (4), the invalid inflorescence is an inflorescence which has black flower heart, abnormal petals and abnormal fruit bearing caused by insect diseases and environmental factors.
In the planting method of the pot-planted strawberries on the elevated seedbed, the step E- (5) is that 1-2 d before blooming, a beehive is placed in the greenhouse for each 2-3 mu for supplementary pollination, when spraying medicine is needed, the beehive is moved to the outside of the greenhouse in advance, and the beehive is moved back to the greenhouse after 2 d.
In the planting method of the elevated seedbed pot-planted strawberries, in the step E- (6), the farming management comprises the steps of manually cleaning residual leaves, insect-resistant leaves, flowers and fruits and adjusting the operation parameters of a greenhouse; the physical control comprises the steps of disinfecting the greenhouse at a high temperature, manually pulling out the plant with the disease when the plant with the disease is found, scattering lime powder on the part with the disease, and luring aphids or manually killing pests by using a yellow or blue pest sticking plate and a pest killing lamp; the chemical control method comprises the steps of preparing a substrate, controlling soil pests by using 1000-1500 times of 40% phoxim missible oil, preventing soil-borne diseases by using 3000 times of 70% hymexazol wettable powder, mixing and spraying the two to a mixture of humus soil and decomposed medicine residues, sealing a shed, sealing the shed for 7-10 days, and filling the shed in a bowl; before field planting, using 1500-2000 times of liquid of 62.5 g/L refined methyl fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent to prevent bakanae disease and root rot, using 600-800 times of liquid containing amino acid water soluble fertilizer root fertilizer to promote root growth, mixing the two liquid to allow strawberry seedlings to dip roots; after the field planting survives, irrigating roots with 500 times of liquid of 10 hundred million/g bacillus subtilis wettable powder to prevent and control the red stele and root rot; spraying 3000-4000 times of 50% kresoxim-methyl water dispersible granules or 1500-2000 times of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granules or 750-1000 times of 25% diethyl ether phenol suspending agent to prevent powdery mildew; spraying 1000 times of 70% pyrimethanil water dispersible granules or 1000-1500 times of iprodione 500 g/L suspending agent to prevent gray mold; spraying 500-800 times of liquid of 10 hundred million PIB/ml nuclear polyhedrosis virus or 1500-2000 times of liquid of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin aqueous emulsion to prevent and control prodenia litura; spraying 0.3% matrine aqua 200-300 times liquid, 0.6% spinetoram suspending agent 1000-1500 times liquid or 35% imidacloprid suspending agent 10000-13000 times liquid to prevent and control aphids; spraying 2000-3000 times of 10.5% of avermectin pyridaben emulsifiable solution or 2000-3000 times of 43% of bifenazate suspending agent to prevent and control red spiders; 6% metaldehyde granules are spread according to 500-600 g/mu to control slugs; when the chemical prevention and control method is adopted for prevention and control, different medicaments are alternately used for preventing and controlling the same plant diseases and insect pests.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts the substrate pot planting, avoids the continuous cropping defect, reduces the plant diseases and insect pests, has less pesticide consumption, enables the strawberry seedlings to be illuminated in all directions, and enables the strawberry seedlings to grow robustly; the invention has the advantages of optimized facility conditions, better environment and improved picking experience satisfaction degree; the invention adopts the independent planting pot for field planting, and can move to any place at any time for continuous maintenance; the invention combines the matrix preparation, the field planting method and the additional fertilizer mode adopted by the traditional mode, is convenient for workers to master the maintenance technology, and has small technical difficulty; the seedbed is built by adopting simple materials, so that the hardware investment cost is low. The planted octopus and red strawberry provided by the invention produces 250-300g of fruits per season by a single plant, the average sugar content is more than 8%, the best suitable sugar content of the strawberry in the picking period is about 11%, and good economic and social benefits can be realized. The greenhouse and the operation conditions thereof, the elevated seedbed, the matrix and the planting pot, the field planting and the field management method can ensure the stable growth of the strawberries, the strawberries are planted according to the invention, the seedbed is arranged and the precise water and fertilizer is supplied, so that the labor and the force are saved for the maintenance operation, the utilization rate of the water and fertilizer is improved by 40 to 50 percent, the utilization rate of the land is improved, the invention can avoid the defect of continuous cropping, the plant diseases and insect pests are less, the use amount of the pesticide is less, the drug cost is reduced by 30 to 35 percent, the yield of a single plant is high, the quality is good. The invention provides a standardized planting technology, optimizes the environment, improves the picking experience satisfaction degree, and can move the planting pot to any position at any time, the technical difficulty of the invention is small, compared with a modern three-dimensional planting mode, the hardware facility cost of the invention is reduced by 25-30%, and the invention is more suitable for the development requirements of leisure sightseeing agriculture, urban micro-agriculture and family farms. The invention does not need stoop operation, has small labor intensity, avoids continuous cropping soil-borne diseases, has small pesticide consumption, small environmental pollution, high utilization rate of water and fertilizer, high land utilization rate, high yield, good fruit quality and high satisfaction degree of picking experience of consumers; the technical difficulty is low, and the investment cost is low; the planting pot can be moved to any position at any time, and is more suitable for the development needs of urban agriculture, urban micro-agriculture and family farms.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example 1.
A method for planting strawberry in a pot in an elevated seedbed adopts a greenhouse-linked greenhouse cultivation mode, and comprises the following steps:
construction of greenhouse A
(1) Designing a greenhouse: the greenhouse is a multi-span greenhouse, the total height of the greenhouse is 5.3m, 1 greenhouse is 6-8 arches according to the terrain, the span of a single arch is 8m, main body upright columns are arranged on two long side edges of each arch, the height of each main body upright column is 3.5m, the row spacing of the upright columns is 4m multiplied by 8m, an imported greenhouse film (UV2792AD PEP film) is adopted outside, and the greenhouse is ventilated and ventilated around and on the greenhouse top through an electric film rolling machine; the aluminum foil sunshade net is arranged on the shed top, and can be cooled in summer and insulated in winter; an integrated water and fertilizer management system (f-16 fertilizer drop easy water and fertilizer system of Beijing Aweda science and technology Limited) is adopted to supply water and drain and irrigate through a water supply and drainage system; the survival environment suitable for the growth of the strawberries is provided all weather, and the strawberries can grow rapidly in a stable environment;
(2) greenhouse operation parameters: the humidity in the greenhouse is 50% -70%, the temperature is 5-20 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 5000-5500 lx;
b elevated seedbed construction
(1) Ground cement sidewalk and compartment surface: hardening cement sidewalks in the greenhouse, wherein the sidewalk width is 0.8-1.0 m, and the sidewalk hardening thickness is 0.05-0.08 m; the width of the compartment surface is 0.8-1.0 m;
(2) elevated seedbed: building a rolling elevated seedbed above the carriage surface of the sidewalk, wherein the height of the seedbed is 0.7-0.8 m, and the width of the seedbed is 1.5-1.7 m; the middle of the seedbed is supported by a hot galvanizing square tube (20mm multiplied by 40mm, the wall thickness is 2.0mm) and a steel wire mesh (3.5cm multiplied by 13.5cm), and the width of the square tube and the steel wire mesh is equal to the width of the seedbed; two rolling phi 40 hot dip galvanized steel pipes (the wall thickness is 2.0mm) are placed at the bottom of the wire netting to adjust the space between seedbeds, and one steel pipe is provided with a rotating handle; the periphery of the seedbed is flanged by an aluminum plate, and the aluminum plate is 10cm high and 2mm thick; hot galvanizing square pipes (20mm multiplied by 40mm, wall thickness 2.0mm) are used as foot rests, the height is 0.7-0.8 m, the transverse spacing is 1.1-1.2 m, and the longitudinal spacing is 1.8-2.2 m; the base at the bottom of the foot rest is driven into the cement floor by an expansion screw to be fixed;
c substrate preparation and bowl loading rack
Mixing humus soil and decomposed medicine dregs according to a volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare a matrix, filling the matrix into a black plastic pot with the volume of 30cm multiplied by 28cm, and filling the plastic pot with the matrix; when the seedling bed is put on a shelf, the pot bodies and the seedbed aluminum plate are parallelly arranged into a pair of long flanges, each seedbed is arranged into two pairs of four rows, each row is provided with a drip irrigation tape, and the middle of the seedbed is left for 30-50 cm after the pot bodies are arranged, so that the seedling bed is convenient for daily maintenance and picking in a garden;
d permanent planting
(1) Preferably selecting seedlings: the number of leaves is more than 5, the leaves have core leaves, the plant is strong, the root system is developed, the yellow brown is yellow, and the whole plant is free from diseases, insect pests and infection;
(2) planting: in 8 ten days of the month, planting according to the principle of 'deep without burying the core and shallow without exposing the roots', planting one plant in a pot, exposing the seedling core out of the soil surface, and straightening and burying the root system in the soil layer; the inflorescences of the plants in the same row face the same direction, so that the arch backs of the strawberry seedlings face the preset growth direction of the inflorescences; watering thoroughly in time after planting, watering for 1 time every day, and not watering when the soil is not dry after the seedling survives;
e field management
(1) Water supply: drip irrigation is adopted for daily water supply, water supply amounts in different growth periods are different, and the soil water content is required to be 60-65% in the early growth period, 55-58% in the flower bud differentiation period and the flowering period and 60-62% in the fruiting period; the pre-growth period is the period from the survival of permanent planting to the differentiation of flower buds, the flower bud differentiation period refers to the period from the growth point of the strawberry leaf base to the transition of leaf and axillary bud into differentiated inflorescence, the flower period refers to the period from the opening of a flower, the exposure of female and male stamens from a flower quilt to the completion of pollination and fertilization, the period of the withering of the flower, the fruiting period refers to the period from the fruit setting of the strawberry after pollination to the fruit ripening, the strawberries have the same period of flowers and fruits, and the flowering period and the fruiting period are bounded by the period from the flowering in a greenhouse or the fruiting of plants reaching more than 60%;
(2) fertilizing: after the rape seed cakes and the biological organic fertilizer are planted and survived for the first time, fully mixing the fermented rape seed cakes and the biological organic fertilizer according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and then applying 8-10 g of the biological organic fertilizer in each pot; fully mixing the fermented rapeseed cakes and a potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer according to the volume ratio of 2:1 before flower bud differentiation for the second time, and then applying 8-10 g of the compound fertilizer in each pot; after that, top dressing is carried out once every month, after the fermented rapeseed cakes and a potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (high potassium) are fully mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1, 8-10 g of top dressing is carried out in each pot; the rapeseed cake is fully fermented oil cake obtained after the rapeseed oil is used as the oil seed oil in the oil mill, and the total nutrient N + P of the biological organic fertilizer2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 5 percent, organic matter is more than or equal to 40 percent, the number of beneficial viable bacteria is more than or equal to 200 hundred million/kg of bacillus subtilis, the total nutrient of the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent, and N-P2O5-K215-15-15% of O, potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (high potassium), total nutrient of greater than or equal to 45%, N-P2O5-K2O＝16-5-24；
(3) Weeding: manually removing weeds in time;
(4) plant management: removing old leaf diseased leaves, axillary buds and stolons in the growing period, wherein 5-6 leaves are reserved, and the number of the axillary buds is not more than 2; thinning flowers and vegetables at a flower and fruit stage, removing invalid inflorescences, malformed fruits, insect pests and high-grade part flowers and fruits, removing weakness and keeping strength of flowers and fruits above a 3 rd grade, keeping 2-3 branches of inflorescences of each plant, and keeping 5-7 fruits in each inflorescence;
(5) pollination management: 1d before blooming, placing a beehive in the greenhouse every 2 mu for supplementary pollination, moving the beehive out of the greenhouse in advance when spraying medicine, and moving the beehive back into the greenhouse after 2 d;
(6) and (3) comprehensive pest control: adopting a method combining farming management, physical control and chemical control, wherein the farming management comprises the steps of manually cleaning residual leaves, insect and disease leaves (flowers and fruits) and adjusting greenhouse operation parameters; physical prevention and control comprises the steps of disinfecting at high temperature in a closed shed, manually pulling out diseased plants when the diseased plants are found, scattering lime powder on the diseased parts, and luring aphids or manually killing pests by using yellow and blue pest sticking plates and pest killing lamps; adopting a chemical control method for control, strictly according to the regulations of the regulations on pesticide management of the people's republic of China, optimizing the chemical control method, selecting a high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticide variety, preparing a substrate, using 1000-1500 times of 40% phoxim emulsifiable solution for control of underground pests, using 3000 times of 70% hymexazol wettable powder for prevention of soil-borne diseases, mixing and spraying the two to a mixture of humus soil and decomposed medicine residues, sealing a shed, sealing and filling the shed for 7-10 days, and then filling the shed and the pot; before field planting, using 1500-2000 times of liquid of 62.5 g/L of refined methyl fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent to prevent bakanae disease and root rot, using 600-800 times of liquid of root fertilizer (containing amino acid water soluble fertilizer) to promote root growth, mixing the two liquid and supplying the mixture to strawberry seedlings for dipping roots; the 500-time liquid of 10 hundred million/g bacillus subtilis wettable powder is used for preventing and treating red stele and root rot by root irrigation; powdery mildew is prevented by spraying 3000-4000 times of 50% kresoxim-methyl water dispersible granules or spraying 1500-2000 times of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granules or spraying 750-1000 times of 25% diethyl ether phenol suspending agent; preventing and treating gray mold by spraying 70% pyrimethanil water dispersible granules 1000 times or spraying iprodione 500 g/L suspending agent 1000-1500 times; spraying 500-800 times of liquid spray of 10 hundred million PIB/ml nuclear polyhedrosis virus or spraying 1500-2000 times of liquid spray of 4.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin aqueous emulsion on prodenia litura for preventing and treating; spraying 0.3% matrine aqua 200-300 times liquid spray, 0.6% spinetoram suspending agent 1000-1500 times liquid spray or 35% imidacloprid suspending agent 10000-13000 times liquid spray for aphid control; spraying and controlling red spiders by using 2000-3000 times of 10.5% avermectin pyridaben emulsifiable concentrate or 2000-3000 times of 43% bifenazate suspending agent; spreading 6% metaldehyde granules for controlling the slug at a rate of 500-600 g/mu; when a chemical prevention and control method is adopted for prevention and control, different agents are alternately used for preventing and controlling the same plant diseases and insect pests;
f harvesting
(1) Harvesting time: from 11 months to 2 months in the next year, 8-10 am or 4-6 pm;
(2) and (4) standard harvesting: harvesting when more than 80% of the fruit surface is red
(3) The harvesting method comprises the following steps: manually harvesting, lightly picking, lightly holding, lightly placing, wearing disposable gloves to break branches at the base of strawberry, grading, and packaging with special box.
In the embodiment, a single plant produces 250-300g of fruit in each season, the average sugar content is 9-10%, the utilization rate of water and fertilizer is improved by 46%, the use cost of pesticides is reduced by 31%, and the hardware cost is reduced by 28% compared with a three-dimensional planting mode.
Example 2.
A method for planting strawberry in a pot in an elevated seedbed adopts a greenhouse-linked greenhouse cultivation mode, and comprises the following steps:
construction of greenhouse A
(1) Designing a greenhouse: the greenhouse is a multi-span greenhouse, the total height of the greenhouse is 5.3m, 1 greenhouse is arched according to the terrain of 8-10, the span of a single arch is 8m, main body columns are arranged on two long side edges of each arch, the height of each main body column is 3.5m, the row spacing of the columns is 4m multiplied by 8m, an imported greenhouse film (UV2792AD PEP film) is adopted outside, and the greenhouse is ventilated and ventilated around and on the greenhouse top through an electric film rolling machine; the aluminum foil sunshade net is arranged on the shed top, and can be cooled in summer and insulated in winter; an integrated water and fertilizer management system (f-16 fertilizer drop easy water and fertilizer system of Beijing Aweda science and technology Limited) is adopted to supply water and drain and irrigate through a water supply and drainage system; the survival environment suitable for the growth of the strawberries is provided all weather, and the strawberries can grow rapidly in a stable environment;
(2) greenhouse operation parameters: the humidity in the greenhouse is 70-80%, the temperature is 10-30 ℃, and the illumination intensity is 5500-6000 lx;
b elevated seedbed construction
(1) Ground cement sidewalk and compartment surface: hardening cement sidewalks in the greenhouse, wherein the sidewalk width is 0.8-1.0 m, and the sidewalk hardening thickness is 0.05-0.08 m; the width of the compartment surface is 0.8-1.0 m;
(2) elevated seedbed: building a rolling elevated seedbed above the carriage surface of the sidewalk, wherein the height of the seedbed is 0.7-0.8 m, and the width of the seedbed is 1.5-1.7 m; the middle of the seedbed is supported by a hot galvanizing square tube (20mm multiplied by 40mm, the wall thickness is 2.0mm) and a steel wire mesh (3.5cm multiplied by 13.5cm), and the width of the square tube and the steel wire mesh is equal to the width of the seedbed; two rolling phi 40 hot dip galvanized steel pipes (the wall thickness is 2.0mm) are placed at the bottom of the wire netting to adjust the space between seedbeds, and one steel pipe is provided with a rotating handle; the periphery of the seedbed is flanged by an aluminum plate, and the aluminum plate is 10cm high and 2mm thick; hot galvanizing square pipes (20mm multiplied by 40mm, wall thickness 2.0mm) are used as foot rests, the height is 0.7-0.8 m, the transverse spacing is 1.1-1.2 m, and the longitudinal spacing is 1.8-2.2 m; the base at the bottom of the foot rest is driven into the cement floor by an expansion screw to be fixed;
c substrate preparation and bowl loading rack
Mixing humus soil and decomposed medicine dregs according to a volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare a matrix, filling the matrix into a black plastic pot with the volume of 30cm multiplied by 28cm, and filling the plastic pot with the matrix; when the seedling bed is put on a shelf, the pot bodies and the seedbed aluminum plate are parallelly arranged into a pair of long flanges, each seedbed is arranged into two pairs of four rows, each row is provided with a drip irrigation tape, and the middle of the seedbed is left for 30-50 cm after the pot bodies are arranged, so that the seedling bed is convenient for daily maintenance and picking in a garden;
d permanent planting
(1) Preferably selecting seedlings: the number of leaves is more than 5, the leaves have core leaves, the plant is strong, the root system is developed, the yellow brown is yellow, and the whole plant is free from diseases, insect pests and infection;
(2) planting: in late 8 th month, planting according to the principle of 'deep without burying core and shallow without exposing root', one plant is planted in a pot, the seedling core is exposed out of the soil surface, and the root system is dredged and buried in the soil layer; the inflorescences of the plants in the same row face the same direction, so that the arch backs of the strawberry seedlings face the preset growth direction of the inflorescences; watering thoroughly in time after planting, watering for 1 time every day, and not watering when the soil is not dry after the seedling survives;
e field management
(1) Water supply: drip irrigation is adopted for daily water supply, water supply amounts in different growth periods are different, and the soil water content is required to be 65-70% in the early growth period, 58-60% in the flower bud differentiation period and the flowering period and 63-65% in the fruiting period; the pre-growth period is the period from the survival of permanent planting to the differentiation of flower buds, the flower bud differentiation period refers to the period from the growth point of the strawberry leaf base to the transition of leaf and axillary bud into differentiated inflorescence, the flower period refers to the period from the opening of a flower, the exposure of female and male stamens from a flower quilt to the completion of pollination and fertilization, the period of the withering of the flower, the fruiting period refers to the period from the fruit setting of the strawberry after pollination to the fruit ripening, the strawberries have the same period of flowers and fruits, and the flowering period and the fruiting period are bounded by the period from the flowering in a greenhouse or the fruiting of plants reaching more than 60%;
(2) fertilizing: after the rape seed cakes and the biological organic fertilizer are planted and survived for the first time, fully mixing the fermented rape seed cakes and the biological organic fertilizer according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and then applying 10-12 g of the biological organic fertilizer to each pot; fully mixing the fermented rapeseed cakes and the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer according to the volume ratio of 2:1 before flower bud differentiation for the second time, and then applying 10-12 g of the compound fertilizer in each pot; then, fertilizing once a month, and adding sulfur into the fermented rapeseed cakeFully mixing potassium acid type compound fertilizers (high potassium) according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and then dressing 10-12 g in each pot; the rapeseed cake is fully fermented oil cake obtained after the rapeseed oil is used as the oil seed oil in the oil mill, and the total nutrient N + P of the biological organic fertilizer2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 5 percent, organic matter is more than or equal to 40 percent, the number of beneficial viable bacteria is more than or equal to 200 hundred million/kg of bacillus subtilis, and the total nutrient of the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent of N-P2O5-K215-15-15% of O, potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (high potassium), total nutrient of greater than or equal to 45%, N-P2O5-K2O＝16-5-24；
(3) Weeding: manually removing weeds in time;
(4) plant management: removing old leaf diseased leaves, axillary buds and stolons in the growing period, wherein 5-6 leaves are reserved, and the number of the axillary buds is not more than 2; thinning flowers and vegetables at a flower and fruit stage, removing invalid inflorescences, malformed fruits, insect pests and high-grade part flowers and fruits, removing weakness and keeping strength of flowers and fruits above a 3 rd grade, keeping 2-3 branches of inflorescences of each plant, and keeping 5-7 fruits in each inflorescence;
(5) pollination management: 2d before blooming, placing a beehive in the greenhouse every 3 mu for supplementary pollination, moving the beehive out of the greenhouse in advance when spraying medicine is needed, and moving the beehive back into the greenhouse after 2 d;
(6) and (3) comprehensive pest control: adopting a method combining farming management, physical control and chemical control, wherein the farming management comprises the steps of manually cleaning residual leaves, insect and disease leaves (flowers and fruits) and adjusting greenhouse operation parameters; physical prevention and control comprises the steps of disinfecting at high temperature in a closed shed, manually pulling out diseased plants when the diseased plants are found, scattering lime powder on the diseased parts, and luring aphids or manually killing pests by using yellow and blue pest sticking plates and pest killing lamps; adopting a chemical control method for control, strictly according to the regulations of the regulations on pesticide management of the people's republic of China, optimizing the chemical control method, selecting a high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticide variety, preparing a substrate, using 1000-1500 times of 40% phoxim emulsifiable solution for control of underground pests, using 3000 times of 70% hymexazol wettable powder for prevention of soil-borne diseases, mixing and spraying the two to a mixture of humus soil and decomposed medicine residues, sealing a shed, sealing and filling the shed for 7-10 days, and then filling the shed and the pot; before field planting, using 1500-2000 times of liquid of 62.5 g/L of refined methyl fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent to prevent bakanae disease and root rot, using 600-800 times of liquid of root fertilizer (containing amino acid water soluble fertilizer) to promote root growth, mixing the two liquid and supplying the mixture to strawberry seedlings for dipping roots; the 500-time liquid of 10 hundred million/g bacillus subtilis wettable powder is used for preventing and treating red stele and root rot by root irrigation; powdery mildew is prevented by spraying 3000-4000 times of 50% kresoxim-methyl water dispersible granules or spraying 1500-2000 times of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granules or spraying 750-1000 times of 25% diethyl ether phenol suspending agent; preventing and treating gray mold by spraying 70% pyrimethanil water dispersible granules 1000 times or spraying iprodione 500 g/L suspending agent 1000-1500 times; spraying 500-800 times of liquid spray of 10 hundred million PIB/ml nuclear polyhedrosis virus or spraying 1500-2000 times of liquid spray of 4.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin aqueous emulsion on prodenia litura for preventing and treating; spraying 0.3% matrine aqua 200-300 times liquid spray, 0.6% spinetoram suspending agent 1000-1500 times liquid spray or 35% imidacloprid suspending agent 10000-13000 times liquid spray for aphid control; spraying and controlling red spiders by using 2000-3000 times of 10.5% avermectin pyridaben emulsifiable concentrate or 2000-3000 times of 43% bifenazate suspending agent; spreading 6% metaldehyde granules for controlling the slug at a rate of 500-600 g/mu; when a chemical prevention and control method is adopted for prevention and control, different agents are alternately used for preventing and controlling the same plant diseases and insect pests;
f harvesting
(1) Harvesting time: the next 2-5 months, 8-10 am or 4-6 pm;
(2) and (4) standard harvesting: harvesting when more than 80% of the fruit surface is red
(3) The harvesting method comprises the following steps: manually harvesting, lightly picking, lightly holding, lightly placing, wearing disposable gloves to break branches at the base of strawberry, grading, and packaging with special box.
In the embodiment, each plant produces 260-300g of fruits per season, the average sugar content is 9-11%, the utilization rate of water and fertilizer is improved by 42%, the use cost of pesticides is reduced by 33%, and the hardware cost is reduced by 26% compared with a three-dimensional planting mode.
The fertilizers and pesticides in examples 1-2 of the present invention are commercially available from regular manufacturers.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A planting method of potted strawberries on an elevated seedbed is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
A. constructing a greenhouse: building a greenhouse-linked greenhouse, adopting an integrated water and fertilizer management system, supplying water and draining water through a water supply and drainage system, controlling the humidity in the greenhouse to be 50% -80%, the temperature to be 5-30 ℃ and the illumination intensity to be 5000-6000 lx, and ensuring the rapid growth of the greenhouse in a stable environment;
B. constructing an elevated seedbed: a cement access road is arranged between carriage surfaces when a carriage is lifted in the greenhouse; the width of the compartment surface is 0.8-1.0 m, a rolling elevated seedbed is built above the compartment surface, the height of the seedbed is 0.7-0.8 m, and the width of the seedbed is 1.5-1.7 m; the middle of the seedbed is supported by a square tube and a wire netting which are connected with each other, and the width of the square tube and the wire netting is equal to that of the seedbed; two rolling steel pipes capable of adjusting the space between seedbeds are arranged at the bottoms of the square pipes and the wire netting, and a rotating handle is arranged on one rolling steel pipe; the periphery of the seedbed is flanged by an aluminum plate; a foot stool is arranged at the bottom of the seedbed;
C. preparing a substrate, loading the substrate into a pot and putting the substrate on a rack: mixing humus soil and decomposed medicine dregs according to a volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare a substrate, and filling the substrate into a plastic planting pot, wherein the caliber of the planting pot is 25-30cm, and the height of the planting pot is 20-30 cm; placing the planting pots on a seedbed, placing the planting pots along two side length direction baffles, placing two rows on two sides, configuring a drip irrigation tape in each row, and leaving the middle of the seedbed 30-50 cm after the planting pots are placed;
D. planting: in the middle and last ten days of 8 months, planting the seedlings in one pot according to the principle that the core is not buried deeply and the roots are not exposed shallowly; the inflorescences of the plants in the same row face the same direction, so that the arch backs of the strawberry seedlings face the preset growth direction of the inflorescences; watering thoroughly after field planting, watering for 1 time every day, and not watering when the soil is not dry after the strawberry seedlings survive;
E. field management:
(1) water supply: drip irrigation is adopted for water supplement, the water supply amount in different growth periods is different, and the requirement of the soil water content is as follows: 60-70% of the early growth stage, 55-60% of the flower bud differentiation stage and the flowering stage, and 60-65% of the fruiting stage;
(2) fertilizing: fertilizing for the first time after planting survival, fully mixing the fermented rapeseed cakes and the bio-organic fertilizer according to the volume ratio of 1:1, and then topdressing 8-12 g in each pot; fertilizing for the second time before flower bud differentiation, fully mixing the fermented rapeseed cakes and a potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer according to the volume ratio of 2:1, and then topdressing 8-12 g in each pot; after that, top dressing is carried out once every month, after the fermented rapeseed cakes and the high-potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer are fully mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1, 8-12 g of top dressing is carried out in each pot;
(3) weeding: manually removing weeds in time;
(4) plant management: removing old leaf diseased leaves, axillary buds and stolons in the growing period, wherein 5-6 leaves are reserved, and the number of the axillary buds is not more than 2; thinning flowers and vegetables at the flower and fruit stage, removing invalid inflorescences, malformed fruits and insect-disease fruits, weakening and keeping strong flowers and fruits above the 3 rd level, keeping 2-3 branches of inflorescences for each plant, and keeping 5-7 fruits in each inflorescence;
(5) pollination management: 1-2 d before blooming, placing a box of bees for supplementary pollination every 2-3 mu in the greenhouse;
(6) and (3) comprehensive pest control: adopting a method combining farming management, physical control and chemical control, wherein the farming management comprises the steps of manually cleaning residual leaves, insect and disease leaves, flowers and fruits and adjusting greenhouse operation parameters; physical prevention and control comprises the steps of disinfecting at high temperature in a closed shed, manually pulling out diseased plants when the diseased plants are found, scattering lime powder on the diseased parts, and luring aphids or manually killing pests by using yellow or blue pest sticking plates and pest killing lamps; the chemical control comprises that high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticide varieties are selected strictly according to the regulations of the pesticide management regulations of the people's republic of China, and phoxim missible oil and hymexazol wettable powder are applied to the mixture of humus soil and decomposed medicine dregs during the preparation of a substrate; before planting, the refined methyl fludioxonil and the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer root-dressing are used for dipping the strawberry seedlings into roots; after the field planting survives, using bacillus subtilis wettable powder to prevent and control king-red and root rot, using kresoxim-methyl water dispersible granules or difenoconazole water dispersible granules or diethyl ether phenol suspending agents to prevent and control powdery mildew, using pyrimethanil water dispersible granules or iprodione suspending agents to prevent and control gray mold, using spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus or high-efficiency cypermethrin water emulsion to prevent and control spodoptera litura, using matrine aqueous solution or ethyl pleocidin suspending agents or imidacloprid suspending agents to prevent and control aphids, using avidazole missible oil or bifenazate suspending agents to prevent and control red spiders, and using metaldehyde granules to prevent and control slugs;
F. harvesting
(1) Harvesting time: 11 months to 5 months in the next year, 8 to 10 am and 4 to 6 pm;
(2) and (4) standard harvesting: harvesting when more than 80% of the surface of the fruit is red;
(3) the harvesting method comprises the following steps: manually harvesting, lightly picking, lightly holding, lightly placing, wearing disposable gloves to break branches at the base of strawberry, and packaging by grades.
2. The method for planting elevated seedbed pot-planted strawberries according to claim 1, wherein: in the step A, the total height of the multi-span greenhouse is 5.3m, each multi-span greenhouse of the linkage greenhouse comprises 6-10 arches, the span of each arch is 8m, two long side edges of each arch are provided with stand columns, the height of each stand column is 3.5m, the row spacing of the stand columns is 4m multiplied by 8m, the periphery and the roof of the multi-span greenhouse are ventilated and ventilated through an automatic film rolling machine, an aluminum foil sunshade net is arranged on the roof of the multi-span greenhouse, and an insect prevention net is arranged on the periphery of the linkage greenhouse.
3. The method for planting elevated seedbed pot-planted strawberries according to claim 1, wherein: and step A, arranging a ventilation opening on a greenhouse film of the multi-span greenhouse, opening the ventilation opening to cool or closing the sunshade net to cool when the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, and closing the greenhouse film to heat or closing the sunshade net to preserve heat when the temperature is lower than 5 ℃.
4. The method for planting elevated seedbed pot-planted strawberries according to claim 1, wherein: in the step B, the square pipe and the rolling steel pipe are hot galvanized pipes.
5. The method for planting elevated seedbed pot-planted strawberries according to claim 1, wherein: in step C, the planting pots are filled with the substrate.
6. The method for planting elevated seedbed pot-planted strawberries according to claim 1, wherein: in the step D, the number of leaves of the strawberry field planting seedling is more than 5, the strawberry field planting seedling has core leaves, the strawberry field planting seedling is thick and strong, the root system is developed, the strawberry field planting seedling is yellow brown, and the whole strawberry field planting seedling is free from insect disease and insect pest infection.
7. The method for planting elevated seedbed pot-planted strawberries according to claim 1, wherein: in the step E- (1), the pre-growth period is the period from the survival of the permanent planting to the differentiation of flower buds; the flower bud differentiation period refers to the period of the strawberry leaf base growing point from the divided leaf and axillary bud to the differentiated inflorescence; the flowering phase refers to the period from the blooming of flowers, the exposure of female and male stamens from flower perianth to the withering of flowers after pollination and fertilization are completed; the fruiting period refers to the period from fruit setting of the strawberries to fruit ripening after pollination; the strawberries have the same flower and fruit period, and the flowering period and the fruit bearing period are limited by that more than 60% of flowering plants or fruit bearing plants in the greenhouse are bloomed.
8. The method for planting elevated seedbed pot-planted strawberries according to claim 1, wherein: in the step E- (2), the rapeseed cakes are oil cakes fully fermented after rapeseed oil pressing; in the biological organic fertilizer, N + P2O5+K2The total content of O is more than or equal to 5 percent, the content of organic matters is more than or equal to 40 percent, and the number of beneficial viable bacteria is more than or equal to 200 hundred million/kg of bacillus subtilis; in the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, N + P2O5+K2The total content of O is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the high-potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer is N + P2O5+K2Total O content greater than or equal to 45%, K2The content of O is more than or equal to 24 percent.
9. The method for planting elevated seedbed pot-planted strawberries according to claim 1, wherein: in the step E- (3), the weeding is carried out simultaneously in combination with the plant management of the E- (4).
10. The method for planting elevated seedbed pot-planted strawberries according to claim 1, wherein: in the step E- (6), the farming management comprises the steps of manually cleaning residual leaves, insect-resistant leaves, flowers and fruits and adjusting operation parameters of the greenhouse; the physical control comprises the steps of disinfecting the greenhouse at a high temperature, manually pulling out the plant with the disease when the plant with the disease is found, scattering lime powder on the part with the disease, and luring aphids or manually killing pests by using a yellow or blue pest sticking plate and a pest killing lamp; the chemical control method comprises the steps of preparing a substrate, controlling soil pests by using 1000-1500 times of 40% phoxim missible oil, preventing soil-borne diseases by using 3000 times of 70% hymexazol wettable powder, mixing and spraying the two to a mixture of humus soil and decomposed medicine residues, sealing a shed, sealing the shed for 7-10 days, and filling the shed in a bowl; before field planting, using 1500-2000 times of liquid of 62.5 g/L refined methyl fludioxonil suspension seed coating agent to prevent bakanae disease and root rot, using 600-800 times of liquid containing amino acid water soluble fertilizer root fertilizer to promote root growth, mixing the two liquid to allow strawberry seedlings to dip roots; after the field planting survives, irrigating roots with 500 times of liquid of 10 hundred million/g bacillus subtilis wettable powder to prevent and control the red stele and root rot; spraying 3000-4000 times of 50% kresoxim-methyl water dispersible granules or 1500-2000 times of 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granules or 750-1000 times of 25% diethyl ether phenol suspending agent to prevent powdery mildew; spraying 1000 times of 70% pyrimethanil water dispersible granules or 1000-1500 times of iprodione 500 g/L suspending agent to prevent gray mold; spraying 500-800 times of liquid of 10 hundred million PIB/ml nuclear polyhedrosis virus or 1500-2000 times of liquid of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin aqueous emulsion to prevent and control prodenia litura; spraying 0.3% matrine aqua 200-300 times liquid, 0.6% spinetoram suspending agent 1000-1500 times liquid or 35% imidacloprid suspending agent 10000-13000 times liquid to prevent and control aphids; spraying 2000-3000 times of 10.5% of avermectin pyridaben emulsifiable solution or 2000-3000 times of 43% of bifenazate suspending agent to prevent and control red spiders; 6% metaldehyde granules are spread according to 500-600 g/mu to control slugs; when the chemical prevention and control method is adopted for prevention and control, different medicaments are alternately used for preventing and controlling the same plant diseases and insect pests.
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| CN113229004A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-08-10 | 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Comprehensive control method for strawberry mites |
| CN113455364A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-01 | 谭海燕 | Summer greenhouse high-quality strawberry planting bag modularized cultivation method and device |
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