CN110972790A

CN110972790A - Comprehensive organic cultivation method for non-vine fruit trees

Info

Publication number: CN110972790A
Application number: CN201911305802.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周建和; 吴练; 黄伟
Original assignee: Hunan Leyuan Agricultural Development Co Ltd
Current assignee: Hunan Leyuan Agricultural Development Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-18
Filing date: 2019-12-18
Publication date: 2020-04-10

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and particularly discloses a comprehensive organic cultivation method for non-vine fruit trees. The method comprises the steps of digging fixed planting holes, treating the fixed planting holes, planting nursery stocks, interplanting fruit trees, pruning branches, applying fertilizers regularly, killing insects, thinning flowers and fruits, bagging and harvesting the fruits, and managing after picking.

Description

Comprehensive organic cultivation method for non-vine fruit trees

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and particularly relates to a comprehensive organic cultivation method for non-vine fruit trees.

Background

With the concern of people on food health, organic vegetables and organic fruits are accepted by people, the requirement of people on green food is higher and higher, the scale of agricultural production is gradually enlarged, but the scale is limited by the knowledge level and the agricultural technology, most planters only carry out fruit tree cultivation according to experience, the problems of unreasonable fertilization, improper seedling selection, unscientific pest control and the like occur frequently, and the yield and the quality of crops are unsatisfactory. Therefore, the invention provides a comprehensive organic cultivation method for non-vine fruit trees, which achieves the purposes of high quality, high yield and high efficiency in an orchard and prolongs the fruit-rich period of the fruit trees. Thereby helping fruit growers to increase production and harvest and improving the overall economic benefit of the orchard.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a comprehensive organic cultivation method of non-vine fruit trees, which comprises the following steps:

(1) digging and planting holes: the method is suitable for sandy loam which is high in terrain, proper in sunlight, sufficient in nutrients, dry and loose in soil, good in drainage and air permeability and has a pH value of 5-7. Before digging planting holes, the soil is firstly prepared and deeply turned to the depth of 30cm, and the full curing is ensured. When the planting holes are dug, the planting points are used as centers, the length, width and depth of the planting holes are 0.7-0.9 m, 0.5-0.8 m and 0.7-1.1 m, and the distance between every two adjacent planting holes is 1-4 m;

(2) and (3) planting holes: filling chaff, organic fertilizer, vegetable cake and/or soybeans into each planting hole, uniformly filling chaff on the lowest layer of planting, filling the organic fertilizer on the chaff, uniformly stirring other fertilizers and filling the fertilizers, covering 20cm of surface soil on the fertilizers after the fertilizers are filled, and then planting seedlings; wherein the chaff has the function of loosening the soil, and the soybeans enable the sweetness of the fruits to be higher;

(3) planting seedlings: the time for planting is preferably autumn, late winter. At the moment, the peach leaves fall and enter a dormant period, and the physiological activity of the root system is slowed down. At the moment, the permanent planting is arranged, and the influence on the root system is small. Moreover, the root system and the soil are better in close contact at the moment, and the overground part is more favorable for germination and growth. Before transplanting, selecting improved seeds with developed root systems, thick and strong stems and plump bud heads as planting objects, preferably selecting annual seedlings with the height of more than 70cm and the diameter of 4-7 cm, and meanwhile, the seedlings have no plant diseases and insect pests and are good in grafting healing. After selecting, trimming the root system, soaking in clear water for 1d, and then coating rooting powder. During planting, the root system is stretched to be in a natural state, the seedlings are filled with soil after being straightened, the root system and the soil are required to be fully and densely combined to prevent the root system from being overhead, watering is carried out in time, the soil around the roots is tamped the second day after planting, the soil is hilled, the hilling height is slightly higher than the surface of a furrow, and the row spacing between the seedlings is 2-4 m; (ii) a

(4) Interplanting of fruit trees: for a new fruit tree of one year, selecting and interplanting smaller medicinal materials of plants: platycodon root, isatis root, dandelion and honeysuckle; for fruit trees in 3-5 years, medicinal materials such as achyranthes bidentata, salvia miltiorrhiza and honeysuckle are generally selected and interplanted; for fruit trees in fruiting and mature period, fungi such as Poria which are familiar with ripening and afraid of treading can be interplanted. 1.5m around the fruit tree can not be interplanted;

(5) pruning branches: the pruning of the fruit tree plant should be done in its entirety to ensure sufficient lighting. When the nursery stock does not sprout in spring, the nursery stock needs to be cut, and the trimming belt is optimally cut to have a cut of 20cm and about half a meter above the ground. After the nursery stock sprouts, cutting off buds below a renovating belt in time, reserving 3 main branches which are opened at equal angles on a main trunk, and keeping the main branches and the trunk at an angle of 47 +/-2 degrees; pruning in summer should be carried out in time to ensure normal flower bud differentiation; after harvesting fruit trees in autumn, cleaning weaker, too strong or too dense branches, and cutting the remained branches to 5-7 cm so as to form bearing branches later; in winter, the excessively thin, long and dense lateral branches are cut appropriately, and the cross lateral branches blocking the passageway are trimmed;

(6) and fertilizing at regular intervals: fertilizing 3-4 times per year, normally except base fertilizer, in germination accelerating and flowering period, fruit expanding period and picking

And fertilizer is needed to be supplemented later. During fertilization, taking a fruit tree as a center, digging a fertilization pit with the diameter and the depth of 50cm in a range of 1m beside the fruit tree, and putting a granular base fertilizer and animal manure water, wherein 9-35 kg of fertilizer is fertilized to each fruit tree;

(7) and deinsectization of fruit trees: physical disinsection method using hanging yellow paste and moth-trapping lamp and/or mixing with lime, sulfur powder and water

Spraying fruit trees. The yellow patch can be hung to kill whitefly and aphid, and the hanging time is after seedling emergence or transplantation. The moth-trapping lamp can trap and kill various pests such as scarab, oriental fruit moth, noctuid, diamond back moth, apple leaf roller moth and the like, is used before the fruit trees sprout, and is arranged every 30m in the orchard; the moth-trapping lamp emits specific illumination and smell to attract pests to approach, the lamp is externally matched with a frequency-vibration high-voltage power grid for contact killing, so that the pests fall into pest receiving bags arranged at the bottom of the power grid, the effects of reducing the egg falling amount in the field and reducing the population base number of the pests to kill and control the pests are achieved, the quasi-pesticide and the chemical high-toxicity pesticide can be reduced for killing the pests, and the pests, the infectious germs and the viruses can be prevented to control the diseases.

(8) Flower and fruit thinning: before harvesting, flower thinning and fruit thinning are carried out, and fruit thinning is generally carried out for 2 times. Young trees and vigorous trees are easy to dredge; weak trees and old trees are suitable for heavy thinning. Controlling the thinning amount to be 20-50% at 21 days before flowering and keeping the fruit amount of each tree to be 300-400 at 28 days after flowering, wherein 4-5 fruits on long fruit branches, 3-4 fruits on middle fruit branches and 1 fruit on short fruit branches are adopted.

(9) Bagging and harvesting: completing bagging before the beginning of 6 months. The bagging can prevent air pollution and pesticide residue, improve the fruit surface smoothness of healthy fruits, promote coloring and has better effect on preventing fruit cracking of late-maturing variety autumn honey and the like. The fruit trees are sprayed with the insecticide and bactericide wattles for one time before bagging, the spraying is uniform and complete, young fruits cannot be omitted, the bags are immediately bagged after the liquid medicine is dried, and double-layer bags with the size of 140-150 multiplied by 180-200 mm are selected. The bagging should be selected in sunny days, avoid the attack of high temperature, foggy days and when dew exists on the surfaces of young fruits, 10 in the morning each day: 00-4 in the afternoon: 00 is suitable time for bagging. When the bag is removed, the bag is removed from top to bottom, the bag is removed from the easily-colored variety 4-5 days before picking, the bag is removed from the difficultly-colored variety 10-15 days before picking, and the bag is removed from the medium-colored variety 6-7 days. After the bag is unpacked, leaves or vain-growing skills which shield the fruits from lighting in the tree crown are properly removed, or a silver reflective film is laid under the tree crown to increase the illumination, so that the fruits are fully glazed and uniformly colored. During picking, the picking sequence is from bottom to top, and picking is carried out from outside to inside one by one, so as to avoid missed picking or damage to branch buds and avoid rubbing damage of fruits;

(10) and in the management after picking, the growth and development of the next year are mainly guaranteed by fertilization, irrigation, intertillage weeding and the like.

In the comprehensive organic cultivation method for the non-vine fruit trees, in the step (2), the weight of the chaff is 15-16 kg, the weight of the organic fertilizer is 30-40 kg, the weight of the vegetable cake is 5-10 kg, and the weight of the soybeans is 4-8 kg.

The comprehensive organic cultivation method of the non-vine fruit trees comprises the following steps of (1) preparing an organic fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises the following main components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 20-30 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 10-20 parts of straws, 2-10 parts of bran, 8-15 parts of soybean shells, 5-15 parts of pleurotus eryngii residues and 2-3 parts of microbial inoculum.

In the comprehensive organic cultivation method of the non-vine fruit trees, the Chinese medicine residues in the organic fertilizer in the step (2) comprise the following components: radix Isatidis, radix Sophorae Flavescentis, fructus forsythiae, fructus Gardeniae, radix scrophulariae, rhizoma Phragmitis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, cortex moutan, rhizoma Acori Graminei, herba Agastaches, folium Bambusae, and radix Curcumae.

The traditional Chinese medicine dregs are a very safe and nuisanceless high-quality organic fertilizer raw material, the content of heavy metal is far lower than the allowable content limit value of the fertilizer or matrix, and the traditional Chinese medicine dregs contain rich medium and trace element nutrients such as organic matters, crude fiber, crude fat, crude polysaccharide, amino acid and the like, a large amount of inorganic mineral substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like and residual medicinal active ingredients, and do not contain pathogenic bacteria. Aiming at the growth characteristics of non-vine fruit trees, the invention configures special acidic traditional Chinese medicine residues with higher antibacterial action and rich nutritive value according to the property of traditional Chinese medicine, can obviously improve the root system structure of the fruit trees, effectively improves the absorption of soil nutrients and water, accelerates the growth of seedlings, shortens the primary fruiting time, and prolongs the fruit-bearing time of the fruit trees.

In the comprehensive organic cultivation method of the non-vine fruit trees, the microbial inoculum in the organic fertilizer in the step (2) comprises the following steps: bacillus licheniformis, Huoluoling and Aspergillus fumigatus.

In the comprehensive organic cultivation method for the non-vine fruit trees, in the step (6), the granular base fertilizer is a phosphate fertilizer, and the animal manure water is at least one of pig manure water, cow manure water, chicken manure water and duck manure water.

In the comprehensive organic cultivation method of the non-vine fruit trees, in the step (7), the lime, the sulfur powder and the water are blended according to the mixing ratio of quicklime, sulfur and water = 1: 2: 10; preferably, the time for mixing with lime, sulfur powder and water and spraying fruit trees after the mixing is 2 times a year, and the spraying deinsectization is carried out in spring and winter.

Preferably, in some embodiments, the method is used for comprehensive organic cultivation of non-vine fruit trees, wherein the non-vine fruit trees are one, two or more of peach trees and pear trees.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) by reasonably interplanting the traditional Chinese medicinal materials in an orchard, the soil fertility can be improved, the local environment can be improved, the growth of weeds can be inhibited, the effect of grass mulching is achieved, and the double harvest of fruits and medicines is realized.

(2) The organic fertilizer is added with the traditional Chinese medicine residue, so that the performance of the organic fertilizer can be improved, the traditional Chinese medicine residue is light in weight and good in air permeability, and the physical and chemical properties of raw soil can be obviously improved in a short time after the raw soil is applied.

(3) The fertilization adopts the mixing of animal manure and base fertilizer, and the nutrients in the manure are in a soluble state, so that the overall utilization rate of the nutrients is improved, the fruit development is promoted, and the fruit yield is improved.

(4) The physical pest killing method of moth-luring lamp and yellow patch can reduce the use of pesticide and the application of chemical high-toxicity pesticide, and can prevent insect pest, reduce infectious bacteria and virus and control diseases.

(5) The fruit bag can prevent diseases, insects and pesticide pollution on the fruit surface, thereby improving the fruit quality and promoting the production of organic green products.

By the comprehensive organic cultivation method, the fruit trees grow more side branches and bear more fruits, the sweetness of the fruits is increased, and the yield and the taste of the fruits are obviously improved. The fruit growing period can be prolonged to 8-10 years, which is 1-2 years more than that of the general cultivation, and fruit can be grown in 2 years by using the technical method of the invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples are merely illustrative and explanatory of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All the technologies realized based on the above-mentioned contents of the present invention are covered in the protection scope of the present invention.

Unless otherwise indicated, the raw materials and reagents used in the following examples are all commercially available products or can be prepared by known methods.

Example 1

The embodiment adopts a comprehensive organic cultivation method for peach trees, which comprises the following steps:

(1) digging and planting holes: the sandy loam with the pH value of 5 is suitable for the slope farmland with higher terrain, proper sunlight, sufficient nutrients, dry and loose soil, and good drainage and air permeability. Before digging planting holes, the soil is firstly prepared and deeply turned to the depth of 30cm, and the full curing is ensured. When the fixed planting holes are dug, the fixed planting holes with the length, the width and the depth of 0.7m, 0.5m and 0.7m are dug by taking the fixed planting points as the center, and the distance between every two adjacent fixed planting holes is 1 m;

(2) and (3) planting holes: filling 15kg of chaff, 30kg of organic fertilizer, 5kg of vegetable cake and 4kg of soybean into each planting hole, uniformly filling the chaff in the lowest layer of the planting, filling the organic fertilizer on the chaff, uniformly stirring other fertilizers, filling the organic fertilizer, covering 20cm of surface soil on the fertilizer after the fertilizer is filled, and then planting the seedlings;

(3) planting seedlings: the time for planting is preferably autumn, late winter. Before transplanting, selecting improved seeds with developed root systems, thick and strong stems and plump bud heads as planting objects, preferably annual seedlings with the height of 70cm and the diameter of 5cm, and meanwhile, the seedlings have no diseases and insect pests and are well grafted and healed. After selecting, trimming the root system, soaking in clear water for 1d, and then coating rooting powder. During planting, the root system is stretched to be in a natural state, the seedlings are filled with soil after being straightened, the root system and the soil are required to be fully and densely combined to prevent the root system from being overhead, watering is carried out in time, the soil around the roots is tamped the second day after planting, the hilling height is slightly higher than the surface of the ridge, and the row spacing between the seedlings is 2 m;

(4) interplanting of fruit trees: for a new peach tree of one year, selecting and interplanting medicinal materials with smaller plants: platycodon root, isatis root, dandelion and honeysuckle; for peach trees of 3-5 years, medicinal materials such as achyranthes root, salvia miltiorrhiza and honeysuckle are generally selected and interplanted; for peach trees in fruiting and mature period, fungi such as Poria which are familiar with ripening and afraid of treading can be interplanted. 1.5m around the fruit tree can not be interplanted;

(5) pruning branches: the pruning of the peach plant is preferably carried out in its entirety to ensure adequate lighting. When the nursery stock does not sprout in spring, the nursery stock needs to be cut, and the trimming belt is optimally cut to have a cut of 20cm and about half a meter above the ground. After the nursery stock sprouts, cutting off buds below a renovating belt in time, reserving 3 main branches which are opened at equal angles on a main trunk, and keeping the main branches and the trunk at an angle of 45 degrees; pruning in summer should be carried out in time to ensure normal flower bud differentiation; after harvesting fruit trees in autumn, cleaning weak, over-strong or over-dense branches, and cutting the remained branches to 5cm so as to form bearing branches later; in winter, the excessively thin, long and dense lateral branches are cut appropriately, and the cross lateral branches blocking the passageway are trimmed;

(6) and fertilizing at regular intervals: fertilizing 4 times per year, normally except base fertilizer, in germination accelerating and flowering period, fruit expanding period and picking

And fertilizer is needed to be supplemented later. When in fertilization, taking the fruit trees as the center, digging fertilization pits with the diameter and the depth of 50cm in the range of 1m beside the fruit trees, and putting phosphate fertilizer and pig manure water, wherein 10kg of fertilizer is applied to each fruit tree;

Spraying fruit trees. The yellow patch can be hung to kill whitefly and aphid, and the hanging time is after seedling emergence or transplantation. The moth-trapping lamp can trap and kill various pests such as scarab, oriental fruit moth, noctuid, diamond back moth, apple leaf roller moth and the like, is used before the fruit trees sprout, and is arranged every 30m in the orchard;

(8) flower and fruit thinning: before harvesting, flower thinning and fruit thinning are carried out, and fruit thinning is generally carried out for 2 times. Young trees and vigorous trees are easy to dredge; weak trees and old trees are suitable for heavy thinning. Controlling the thinning amount to be 20-50% at 21 days before flowering and keeping the fruit amount of each tree to be 300 at 28 days after flowering, wherein 4 fruits on long fruit branches, 3 fruits on middle fruit branches and 1 fruit on short fruit branches are adopted.

(9) Bagging and harvesting: completing bagging before the beginning of 6 months. Spraying insecticide and sterilizing vitex for once before bagging, wherein the spraying is uniform and complete, young fruits cannot be missed, bagging is carried out immediately after the liquid medicine is dried, and a double-layer bag with the size of 140 multiplied by 180mm is selected. The bagging should be selected in sunny days, avoid the attack of high temperature, foggy days and when dew exists on the surfaces of young fruits, 10 in the morning each day: 00-4 in the afternoon: 00 is suitable time for bagging. The bag removal is generally performed from top to bottom, wherein the bag removal is performed on the varieties which are easy to color 4 days before picking, the bag removal is performed on the varieties which are difficult to color 10 days before picking, and the bag removal is performed on the varieties which are medium in color 6 days. After the bag is unpacked, leaves or vain-growing skills which shield the fruits from lighting in the tree crown are properly removed, or a silver reflective film is laid under the tree crown to increase the illumination, so that the fruits are fully glazed and uniformly colored. During picking, the picking sequence is from bottom to top, and picking is carried out from outside to inside one by one, so as to avoid missed picking or damage to branch buds and avoid rubbing damage of fruits;

The comprehensive organic cultivation method for the peach trees comprises the following steps of (1) preparing an organic fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises the following main components in parts by weight: 40 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 20 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 10 parts of straws, 2 parts of bran, 8 parts of soybean shells, 5 parts of pleurotus eryngii residues and 2 parts of microbial inoculum.

According to the comprehensive organic cultivation method for the peach trees, the traditional Chinese medicine residues in the organic fertilizer in the step (2) comprise the following components: radix Isatidis, radix Sophorae Flavescentis, fructus forsythiae, fructus Gardeniae, radix scrophulariae, rhizoma Phragmitis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, cortex moutan, rhizoma Acori Graminei, herba Agastaches, folium Bambusae, and radix Curcumae.

According to the comprehensive organic cultivation method for the peach trees, the microbial inoculum in the organic fertilizer in the step (2) comprises the following steps: bacillus licheniformis, Huoluoling and Aspergillus fumigatus.

In the comprehensive organic cultivation method for the peach trees, in the step (7), the lime, the sulfur powder and the water are blended according to the mixing ratio of quicklime, sulfur and water = 1: 2: 10; preferably, the time for mixing with lime, sulfur powder and water and spraying fruit trees after the mixing is 2 times a year, and the spraying deinsectization is carried out in spring and winter.

Example 2

(1) digging and planting holes: the sandy loam with the pH value of 7 is suitable for the slope farmland with higher terrain, proper sunlight, sufficient nutrients, dry and loose soil, and good drainage and air permeability. Before digging planting holes, the soil is firstly prepared and deeply turned to the depth of 30cm, and the full curing is ensured. When the planting holes are dug, the planting points are used as the center, the planting holes with the length, the width and the depth of 0.9m, 0.8m and 1.1m are dug, and the distance between every two adjacent planting holes is 4 m;

(2) and (3) planting holes: 16kg of chaff, 40kg of organic fertilizer, 10kg of vegetable cake and 8kg of soybean are filled in each planting hole, the chaff is uniformly filled in the lowest layer of the planting, the organic fertilizer is filled in the chaff, other fertilizers are uniformly stirred and filled in the organic fertilizer, after the fertilizer is filled, 20cm of surface soil is covered on the fertilizer, and then the seedling planting is carried out;

(3) planting seedlings: the time for planting is preferably autumn, late winter. Before transplanting, selecting improved seeds with developed root systems, thick and strong stems and plump bud heads as planting objects, preferably annual seedlings with the height of 80cm and the diameter of 7cm, and meanwhile, the seedlings have no diseases and insect pests and are well grafted and healed. After selecting, trimming the root system, soaking in clear water for 1d, and then coating rooting powder. During planting, the root system is stretched to be in a natural state, the seedlings are filled with soil after being straightened, the root system and the soil are required to be fully and densely combined to prevent the root system from being overhead, watering is carried out in time, the soil around the roots is tamped the second day after planting, the hilling height is slightly higher than the surface of the ridge, and the row spacing between the seedlings is 4 m; (ii) a

(5) pruning branches: the pruning of the peach plant is preferably carried out in its entirety to ensure adequate lighting. When the nursery stock does not sprout in spring, the nursery stock needs to be cut, and the trimming belt is optimally cut to have a cut of 20cm and about half a meter above the ground. After the nursery stock sprouts, cutting off buds below a renovating belt in time, reserving 3 main branches which are opened at equal angles on a main trunk, and keeping an angle of 49 degrees between the main branches and the trunk; pruning in summer should be carried out in time to ensure normal flower bud differentiation; after harvesting fruit trees in autumn, cleaning weak, over-strong or over-dense branches, and cutting the remained branches to 7cm so as to form bearing branches later; in winter, the excessively thin, long and dense lateral branches are cut appropriately, and the cross lateral branches blocking the passageway are trimmed;

(6) and fertilizing at regular intervals: applying fertilizer 3 times per year, normally except base fertilizer, in germination accelerating and flowering period, fruit expanding period and picking

And fertilizer is needed to be supplemented later. When in fertilization, taking a fruit tree as a center, digging a fertilization pit with the diameter and the depth of 50cm in the range of 1m beside the fruit tree, and putting phosphate fertilizer and chicken manure water, wherein 35kg of fertilizer is fertilized to each fruit tree;

(8) flower and fruit thinning: before harvesting, flower thinning and fruit thinning are carried out, and fruit thinning is generally carried out for 2 times. Young trees and vigorous trees are easy to dredge; weak trees and old trees are suitable for heavy thinning. Controlling the thinning amount to be 20-50% at 21 days before flowering and keeping the fruit retention amount of each tree to be 400 at 28 days after flowering, wherein 5 fruits on long fruit branches, 4 fruits on middle fruit branches and 1 fruit on short fruit branches are adopted.

(9) Bagging and harvesting: completing bagging before the beginning of 6 months. Spraying insecticide and sterilizing vitex for one time before bagging, wherein the spraying is uniform and complete, young fruits cannot be missed, bagging is carried out immediately after the liquid medicine is dried, and a double-layer bag with the size of 150 x 200mm is selected. The bagging should be selected in sunny days, avoid the attack of high temperature, foggy days and when dew exists on the surfaces of young fruits, 10 in the morning each day: 00-4 in the afternoon: 00 is suitable time for bagging. The bag removal is generally performed from top to bottom, wherein the bag removal is performed on the easily-colored variety 5 days before picking, the bag removal is performed on the difficultly-colored variety 15 days before picking, and the bag removal is performed on the medium-colored variety 7 days. After the bag is unpacked, leaves or vain-growing skills which shield the fruits from lighting in the tree crown are properly removed, or a silver reflective film is laid under the tree crown to increase the illumination, so that the fruits are fully glazed and uniformly colored. During picking, the picking sequence is from bottom to top, and picking is carried out from outside to inside one by one, so as to avoid missed picking or damage to branch buds and avoid rubbing damage of fruits;

The comprehensive organic cultivation method for the peach trees comprises the following steps of (1) preparing an organic fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises the following main components in parts by weight: 50 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 30 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 20 parts of straws, 10 parts of bran, 15 parts of soybean shells, 12 parts of pleurotus eryngii residues and 3 parts of microbial inoculum.

Example 3

The invention provides a comprehensive organic cultivation method of peach trees, which comprises the following steps:

(1) digging and planting holes: the method is suitable for sandy loam which is high in terrain, proper in sunlight, sufficient in nutrients, dry and loose in soil, good in drainage and air permeability and has a pH value of 5-7. Before digging planting holes, the soil is firstly prepared and deeply turned to the depth of 30cm, and the full curing is ensured. When the planting holes are dug, the planting points are used as the center, the planting holes with the length, the width and the depth of 0.8m, 0.6m and 0.9m are dug, and the distance between every two adjacent planting holes is 2 m;

(2) and (3) planting holes: filling 15.5kg of chaff, 35kg of organic fertilizer, 7kg of vegetable cake and 6kg of soybean into each planting hole, uniformly filling the chaff on the lowermost layer of the planting, filling the organic fertilizer on the chaff, uniformly stirring other fertilizers and filling the other fertilizers on the organic fertilizer, covering 20cm of surface soil on the fertilizer after the fertilizer is filled, and then planting seedlings;

(3) planting seedlings: the time for planting is preferably autumn, late winter. Before transplanting, selecting improved seeds with developed root systems, thick and strong stems and plump bud heads as planting objects, preferably annual seedlings with the height of 75cm and the diameter of 6cm, and meanwhile, the seedlings have no diseases and insect pests and are well grafted and healed. After selecting, trimming the root system, soaking in clear water for 1d, and then coating rooting powder. During planting, the root system is stretched to be in a natural state, the seedlings are filled with soil after being straightened, the root system and the soil are required to be fully and densely combined to prevent the root system from being overhead, watering is carried out in time, the soil around the roots is tamped the second day after planting, the hilling height is slightly higher than the surface of the ridge, and the row spacing between the seedlings is 3 m;

(5) pruning branches: the pruning of the fruit tree plant should be done in its entirety to ensure sufficient lighting. When the nursery stock does not sprout in spring, the nursery stock needs to be cut, and the trimming belt is optimally cut to have a cut of 20cm and about half a meter above the ground. After the nursery stock sprouts, cutting off buds below a renovating belt in time, reserving 3 main branches which are opened at equal angles on a main trunk, and preferably keeping the main branches at an angle of 48 degrees with the trunk; pruning in summer should be carried out in time to ensure normal flower bud differentiation; after fruit trees are harvested in autumn, weak, over-strong or over-dense branches are cleaned, and the remained branches are cut to 6cm so as to form bearing branches at a later stage; in winter, the excessively thin, long and dense lateral branches are cut appropriately, and the cross lateral branches blocking the passageway are trimmed;

And fertilizer is needed to be supplemented later. When in fertilization, taking the fruit trees as the center, digging fertilization pits with the diameter and the depth of 50cm in the range of 1m beside the fruit trees, and putting phosphate fertilizer and pig manure water, wherein 15kg of fertilizer is fertilized for each fruit tree;

(8) flower and fruit thinning: before harvesting, flower thinning and fruit thinning are carried out, and fruit thinning is generally carried out for 2 times. Young trees and vigorous trees are easy to dredge; weak trees and old trees are suitable for heavy thinning. Controlling the thinning amount to be 20-50% at 21 days before flowering and keeping the fruit retention amount of each tree to be 350 at 28 days after flowering, wherein 4 fruits on long fruit branches, 3 fruits on middle fruit branches and 1 fruit on short fruit branches are obtained.

(9) Bagging and harvesting: completing bagging before the beginning of 6 months. Spraying insecticide and sterilizing vitex for one time before bagging, wherein the spraying is uniform and complete, young fruits cannot be missed, bagging is carried out immediately after the liquid medicine is dried, and a double-layer bag with the size of 145 x 190mm is selected. The bagging should be selected in sunny days, avoid the attack of high temperature, foggy days and when dew exists on the surfaces of young fruits, 10 in the morning each day: 00-4 in the afternoon: 00 is suitable time for bagging. The bag removal is generally performed from top to bottom, wherein the bag removal is performed on the varieties which are easy to color 4 days before picking, the bag removal is performed on the varieties which are difficult to color 10 days before picking, and the bag removal is performed on the varieties which are medium in color 6 days. After the bag is unpacked, leaves or vain-growing skills which shield the fruits from lighting in the tree crown are properly removed, or a silver reflective film is laid under the tree crown to increase the illumination, so that the fruits are fully glazed and uniformly colored. During picking, the picking sequence is from bottom to top, and picking is carried out from outside to inside one by one, so as to avoid missed picking or damage to branch buds and avoid rubbing damage of fruits;

Comparative example 1

The pig manure water in example 1 was replaced with decomposed pig manure, and the rest of the method was unchanged.

Comparative example 2

The chicken manure water in the example 2 is replaced by decomposed cattle pen manure, and the rest method is unchanged.

Comparative example 3

The herb residue in example 3 was removed and the rest of the procedure was unchanged.

Comparative example 4

The traditional Chinese medicine residues in the embodiment 3 are replaced by honeysuckle, fructus forsythiae, mint, herba schizonepetae, fermented soybean, great burdock achene, lophatherum gracile, platycodon grandiflorum and liquorice, and the rest method is not changed.

Table 1 shows the effect of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-2 on the appearance of peach fruits with different fertilizers:

TABLE 1

Group of	Color and luster	Degree of coloration (%)	Average diameter (cm)	Weight of a fruit (g)
					Example 1	Bright pink	90	6.07	107.6
Example 2	Bright pink	92	6.09	110.5
					Comparative example 1	Dark brick red	55	5.54	92.5
Comparative example 2	Dark purplish red	62	5.42	88.2

As can be seen from Table 1, examples 1 and 2 are more colored than comparative examples 1 and 2, so that the fruits of examples 1 and 2 appear brighter than the fruits of comparative examples 1 and 2, while the heavier weight per fruit and the relative large size per fruit give the fruits of examples 1 and 2 better yield and appearance than those of comparative examples 1 and 2.

The fertilizer combinations of example 1 and example 2 are more suitable for cultivation of good quality fruits. The reason is related to the soluble state of nutrients in liquid manure in the fertilizer combinations of examples 1 and 2, the liquid manure contains abundant soluble trace elements and mineral substances, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer are changed into soluble organic substances, and the soluble nutrient substances are more easily absorbed and utilized by peach trees, so that the quality of fruit trees can be obviously improved macroscopically.

Table 2 compares the fruit flavor and yield of example 3 with comparative examples 3 and 4:

TABLE 2

Wherein, the specific herb residue component is added in the example 3, the herb residue is not added in the comparative example 3, the herb residue is added in the other components in the comparative example 4, the contents of sucrose and soluble total sugar in the fruit of the example 3 are obviously higher than the corresponding index values of the comparative example 3 and the comparative example 4, and the total acidity value of the example 3 is the lowest as shown in the table 2. The low total acidity value and the high sugar nutrient content make the fruit of example 3 more palatable and sweet than those of comparative examples 3 and 4, and has a higher taste purity. In example 3, the yield, the bearing period and the yield period of each fruit tree are all superior to those of comparative example 3 and comparative example 4, the root system structure of the fruit trees can be obviously improved by using the traditional Chinese medicine residue formula, the absorption of the fruit trees to nutrients and water is effectively improved, the growth of seedlings is accelerated, the primary bearing time is shortened, the fruit-bearing time of the fruit trees is prolonged, and the yield of each fruit tree is improved.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive organic cultivation method for non-vine fruit trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) digging and planting holes: selecting a slope farmland with higher terrain, proper sunlight, sufficient nutrients, dry and loose soil and good drainage and air permeability, preferably sandy loam with the pH value of 5-7, deeply turning the soil before digging planting holes with the depth of 30cm to ensure full curing, digging planting holes with the length, width and depth of 0.7-0.9 m, 0.5-0.8 m and 0.7-1.1 m by taking a planting point as a center, and setting the distance between two adjacent planting holes to be 1-4 m;

(2) and (3) planting holes: filling chaff, organic fertilizer, vegetable cake and/or soybeans into each planting hole, uniformly filling chaff on the lowest layer of planting, filling the organic fertilizer on the chaff, uniformly stirring other fertilizers and filling the fertilizers, covering 20cm of surface soil on the fertilizers after the fertilizers are filled, and then planting seedlings;

(3) planting seedlings: the method comprises the following steps of selecting fine seeds with developed root systems, thick and strong stems and full bud heads as planting objects before transplanting, selecting annual seedlings with the height of more than 70cm and the diameter of 4-7 cm, and no diseases or insect pests of the seedlings, wherein the seedlings are good in grafting healing, trimming the root systems after selecting, soaking the seedlings in clear water for 1d, coating rooting powder, planting, stretching the root systems to be in a natural state, filling soil after strengthening the seedlings, fully and tightly combining the root systems with soil, preventing the root systems from being overhead, watering in time, tamping soil around the roots after the second day after planting, and then earthing up, wherein the earthing up height is slightly higher than the surface of a furrow, and the row spacing between the seedlings is 2-4 m;

(4) fruit tree interplanting: for a new fruit tree of one year, selecting and interplanting smaller medicinal materials of plants: platycodon root, isatis root, dandelion and honeysuckle; for fruit trees in 3-5 years, medicinal materials such as achyranthes bidentata, salvia miltiorrhiza and honeysuckle are generally selected and interplanted; for fruit trees in fruiting and mature period, fungus medicinal materials which are easy to ripen and afraid to pedal such as poria cocos can be interplanted, and the fungi which are 1.5m around the fruit trees can not be interplanted;

(5) pruning branches: the pruning of the fruit tree plant is preferably carried out integrally to ensure sufficient illumination, the cutting is required when the nursery stock does not sprout in spring, the trimming belt is optimally cut with a cutting opening of 20cm and about half a meter away from the ground, after the nursery stock sprouts, the bud body below the trimming belt needs to be cut off in time, 3 main branches which are opened at equal angles are reserved on the trunk, and the angle of 47 +/-2 degrees is preferably kept between the main branches and the trunk; pruning in summer should be carried out in time to ensure normal flower bud differentiation; after harvesting fruit trees in autumn, cleaning weaker, too strong or too dense branches, and cutting the remained branches to 5-7 cm so as to form bearing branches later; in winter, the excessively thin, long and dense lateral branches are cut appropriately, and the cross lateral branches blocking the passageway are trimmed;

and (3) fertilizing at regular intervals: fertilizing 3-4 times per year, normally except base fertilizer, in germination accelerating and flowering period, fruit expanding period and picking

Fertilizing after the fruit trees are fertilized, digging fertilizing pits with the diameter and the depth of 50cm in a range of 1m beside the fruit trees by taking the fruit trees as the center, putting granular base fertilizer and animal dung, and fertilizing 9-35 kg for each fruit tree;

deinsectization of fruit trees: physical disinsection method using hanging yellow paste and moth-trapping lamp and/or mixing with lime, sulfur powder and water

Spraying fruit trees, and hanging yellow patches to kill whitefly and aphid, wherein the hanging time is after seedling emergence or after transplantation; the moth-trapping lamp can trap and kill various pests such as scarab, oriental fruit moth, noctuid, diamond back moth, apple leaf roller moth and the like, is used before the fruit trees sprout, and is arranged every 30m in the orchard;

(8) flower and fruit thinning: carrying out flower thinning and fruit thinning before fruit harvesting, generally carrying out fruit thinning for 2 times, and lightly thinning young trees and vigorous trees; thinning the weak trees and the old trees, controlling the thinning amount to be 20% -50% 21d before flowering, and keeping the fruit amount of each tree to be 300-400 d 28d after flowering, wherein 4-5 long fruit branches, 3-4 medium fruit branches and 1 short fruit branch are obtained;

(9) bagging and harvesting: completing bagging before the beginning of 6 months, and spraying the insecticidal bactericide for the fruit trees for one time before bagging, wherein the spraying is suitable for

Uniformly and thoroughly, not omitting the young fruits, immediately bagging after the liquid medicine is dried, selecting a double-layer bag with the size of 140-150 multiplied by 180-200 mm, and bagging in a sunny day to avoid covering when dew exists on the surfaces of the young fruits at high temperature and in a foggy day, wherein the weight ratio of the young fruits is 10 in the morning each day: 00-4 in the afternoon: 00 is a suitable time for bagging, the bagging is generally carried out from top to bottom in sequence during bagging removal, the bag of an easily-colored variety is removed 4-5 days before picking, the bag of a difficultly-colored variety is removed 10-15 days before picking, the bag of a medium-colored variety is removed 6-7 days, leaves or excessive growth skills which shield fruit lighting in a crown are properly removed after the bag is removed, or a silver reflective film is laid under the crown to increase illumination, so that the fruit is fully glazed and uniformly colored, and during picking, the fruit picking sequence is from bottom to top, and the fruit is picked from outside to inside in a branch-by-branch manner so as to avoid missed picking or damage of branch buds and avoid rubbing and damaging the fruit;

in the management after picking, the growth and development of the next year are mainly guaranteed by fertilization, irrigation, intertillage, weeding and the like.

2. The method for organic cultivation of non-vine fruit trees according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the weight of the chaff is 15-16 kg, the weight of the organic fertilizer is 30-40 kg, the weight of the vegetable cake is 5-10 kg, and the weight of the soybean is 4-8 kg.

3. The comprehensive organic cultivation method of non-vine fruit trees according to claim 2, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises the following main components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 20-30 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 10-20 parts of straws, 2-10 parts of bran, 8-15 parts of soybean shells, 5-15 parts of pleurotus eryngii residues and 2-3 parts of microbial inoculum.

4. The method for organic cultivation of non-vine fruit trees according to claim 3, wherein the composition of the herb residue comprises the following components: radix Isatidis, radix Sophorae Flavescentis, fructus forsythiae, fructus Gardeniae, radix scrophulariae, rhizoma Phragmitis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, cortex moutan, rhizoma Acori Graminei, herba Agastaches, folium Bambusae, and radix Curcumae.

5. The method for organic cultivation of non-vine fruit trees according to claim 3, wherein the microbial inoculum comprises: bacillus licheniformis, Huoluoling and Aspergillus fumigatus.

6. The method for organic cultivation of non-vine fruit trees according to claim 1, wherein in step (6), the granular base fertilizer is phosphate fertilizer, and the animal manure is at least one of pig manure, cow manure, chicken manure and duck manure.

7. The method for organic cultivation of non-vine fruit trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (7), the mixing ratio of lime, sulfur powder and water is quicklime, sulfur and water = 1: 2: 10; the time for spraying the fruit trees after lime, sulfur powder and water blending is 2 times a year, and deinsectization is carried out in spring and winter.

8. The method for the comprehensive organic cultivation of non-vine fruit trees according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the non-vine fruit trees comprise one or two of peach trees and pear trees.