CN113231641B - Carbon black loaded highly-ordered PtCo intermetallic compound and synthesis method and application thereof - Google Patents

Carbon black loaded highly-ordered PtCo intermetallic compound and synthesis method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN113231641B
CN113231641B CN202110501524.9A CN202110501524A CN113231641B CN 113231641 B CN113231641 B CN 113231641B CN 202110501524 A CN202110501524 A CN 202110501524A CN 113231641 B CN113231641 B CN 113231641B
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ptco
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CN113231641A (en
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梁海伟
曾维杰
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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    • B22F9/00Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/16Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
    • B22F9/18Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
    • B22F9/20Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from solid metal compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25BELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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    • C25B1/04Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Abstract

The invention provides a synthetic method of a carbon black loaded highly-ordered PtCo intermetallic compound, which comprises the following steps of: A) dispersing cobalt salt, platinum salt and carbon black in a solvent to obtain a suspension; B) and removing the solvent from the suspension, sequentially carrying out high-temperature annealing and slow cooling to obtain the carbon black loaded highly-ordered PtCo intermetallic compound, wherein the slow cooling is carried out after the temperature is reduced to 550-650 ℃ at the temperature reduction rate of 1.0-1.3 ℃/min, and then naturally cooling. According to the synthesis method provided by the invention, after high-temperature annealing is carried out, the temperature is reduced to 550-650 ℃ at a cooling rate of 1-1.3 ℃/min by adjusting and controlling the temperature reduction rate during annealing, so that not only can the improvement of alloy components in particles be effectively promoted, but also the alloy can be effectively promoted to be converted into intermetallic compounds when the temperature is lower than the phase transition temperature, namely, an ordered structure is formed. The synthesized highly ordered PtCo catalyst has excellent stability and catalytic oxidation-reduction activity, and is superior to commercial Pt/C.

Description

Carbon black loaded highly-ordered PtCo intermetallic compound and synthesis method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of nanotechnology, and particularly relates to a carbon black loaded highly-ordered PtCo intermetallic compound and a synthesis method and application thereof.
Background
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are considered as a clean energy source, and can be used in the fields of electric vehicles, consumer electronics, domestic power plants, and the like. Nano Pt catalysts dispersed on carbon black supports (Pt/C) are widely used to catalyze the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) on the cathode. However, the high cost and scarcity of Pt are major obstacles to its widespread use. In PEMFCs, Pt catalysts often suffer from insufficient activity and degradation problems under high potential and oxidizing acidic environments
At present, many efforts are made to reduce the Pt loading and improve the activity of Pt/C catalysts, including alloying of platinum-based catalysts, and further controlling the alloy component ratio of platinum-based catalysts, optimizing the morphology and crystal planes of particles, and ordered intermetallic compound structures. The stability of the platinum-based catalyst is improved mainly by: 1. the prepared alloy is annealed at high temperature to form an intermetallic compound with an ordered structure, so that a catalyst with higher stability and higher activity is obtained; 2. and (3) segregating Pt atoms to the surface of the particles by utilizing a hydrogen reducing atmosphere to form Pt shell coated particles so as to obtain a more stable high structure.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a carbon black loaded highly ordered PtCo intermetallic compound, a synthesis method and an application thereof, wherein the synthesis method provided by the present invention can simultaneously promote the alloying and ordering of PtCo particles, so as to obtain a commercial carbon black loaded highly ordered PtCo intermetallic compound catalyst, the method is simple and easy to implement, can be prepared in a large scale, and has an activity and a stability superior to commercial Pt/C.
The invention provides a synthetic method of a highly ordered PtCo intermetallic compound loaded with carbon black, which comprises the following steps:
A) dispersing cobalt salt, platinum salt and carbon black in a solvent to obtain a suspension;
B) and removing the solvent from the suspension, and then sequentially carrying out high-temperature annealing and slow cooling to obtain the carbon black loaded highly-ordered PtCo intermetallic compound, wherein the high-temperature annealing temperature is 900-1100 ℃, the slow cooling is carried out until the temperature is reduced to 550-650 ℃ at a cooling rate of 1-1.3 ℃/min, and then the mixture is naturally cooled.
Preferably, the cobalt salt is selected from Co (NO)3)2·6H2O or CoCl2·6H2O, the platinum salt is selected from H2PtCl4·6H2O。
Preferably, said Co (NO)3)2·6H2O and H2PtCl4·6H2The molar ratio of O is 1.1-1.3: 1.
preferably, the mass ratio of the total mass of the cobalt salt and the platinum salt to the carbon black is (0.14-0.15): 1.
Preferably, the solvent is selected from absolute ethanol or ultrapure water.
Preferably, the solvent removal method is rotary evaporation.
Preferably, the high-temperature annealing and slow cooling method comprises the following steps:
raising the temperature of the powder precursor to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min under the protective atmosphere of hydrogen and argon in the volume ratio of 5:95, and keeping the temperature for 2 hours; then the temperature is reduced to 600 ℃ at a slow cooling speed of 1.1 ℃/min, and then the mixture is naturally cooled to the room temperature.
The invention also provides the carbon black loaded highly-ordered PtCo intermetallic compound prepared by the synthesis method, and the total metal loading of the PtCo intermetallic compound is 9-13 wt%.
Preferably, the degree of order of the PtCo intermetallic compound is 70% to 90%.
The invention also provides application of the carbon black loaded highly-ordered PtCo intermetallic compound prepared by the synthesis method as a catalyst in an oxygen reduction reaction.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a synthesis method of a carbon black loaded highly-ordered PtCo intermetallic compound, which comprises the following steps: A) dispersing cobalt salt, platinum salt and carbon black in a solvent to obtain a suspension; B) and removing the solvent from the suspension, sequentially carrying out high-temperature annealing and slow cooling to obtain the carbon black loaded highly-ordered PtCo intermetallic compound, wherein the slow cooling is carried out after the temperature is reduced to 550-650 ℃ at the temperature reduction rate of 1.0-1.3 ℃/min, and then naturally cooling. According to the synthesis method provided by the invention, after high-temperature annealing is carried out, the temperature is reduced to 550-650 ℃ at a cooling rate of 1.0-1.3 ℃/min by adjusting and controlling the temperature reduction rate during annealing, so that not only can the improvement of alloy components in particles be effectively promoted, but also the alloy can be effectively promoted to be converted into intermetallic compounds when the temperature is lower than the phase transition temperature, namely, an ordered structure is formed. The synthesized highly ordered PtCo catalyst has excellent stability and catalytic oxidation-reduction activity, and is superior to commercial Pt/C. The transmission electron microscope shows that the platinum nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on the carrier; x-ray diffraction showed the sample to have a highly ordered structure.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a transmission electron micrograph of a PtCo intermetallic compound prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a scanning tunneling electron micrograph of the PtCo intermetallic compound prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of spherical aberration correction of PtCo intermetallic compound prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the PtCo intermetallic compound prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a Cyclic Voltammogram (CV) for initial and post-30000-cycle stability of PtCo intermetallic compounds prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a linear polarization curve of the initial and post-30000-cycle stabilities of the PtCo intermetallic compound prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a scanning tunneling electron micrograph of comparative example 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of comparative example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a scanning tunneling electron micrograph of comparative example 2 according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of comparative example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an LSV of example 1 and comparative examples 2 and 3 of the present invention and commercial Pt/C.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a synthetic method of a carbon black loaded highly-ordered PtCo intermetallic compound, which comprises the following steps of:
A) dispersing cobalt salt, platinum salt and carbon black in a solvent to obtain a suspension;
B) and removing the solvent from the suspension, and then sequentially carrying out high-temperature annealing and slow cooling to obtain the carbon black loaded highly-ordered PtCo intermetallic compound, wherein the high-temperature annealing temperature is 900-1100 ℃, the slow cooling is carried out until the temperature is reduced to 550-650 ℃ at a cooling rate of 1.1-1.3 ℃/min, and then the mixture is naturally cooled.
Firstly, cobalt salt, platinum salt and carbon black are dispersed in a solvent to obtain a suspension. Wherein the cobalt salt is selected from Co (NO)3)2·6H2O or CoCl2·6H2O, the platinum salt is selected from H2PtCl4·6H2O。
The Co (NO)3)2·6H2O or CoCl2·6H2O and H2PtCl4·6H2The molar ratio of O is 1.1-1.3: 1. preferably 1.2:1, 1.3:1, or 1.2 to 1.3: any value between 1.
The mass ratio of the total mass of the cobalt salt and the platinum salt to the carbon black is (0.14-0.15): 1, preferably any value between 0.14:1, 0.142:1, 0.145:1, 0.147:1, 0.15:1, or (0.14-0.15): 1.
In the present invention, the carbon black is a commercial carbon black.
The solvent is not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be an organic solvent known to those skilled in the art, and the solvent is preferably absolute ethanol.
And then, removing the solvent from the suspension to obtain a powder precursor.
In the present invention, the method for removing the solvent is not particularly limited, and a method for removing the solvent, which is well known to those skilled in the art, is preferably rotary evaporation.
The above method can mix the raw materials thoroughly to obtain a uniform mixture.
And after obtaining a powder precursor, sequentially carrying out high-temperature annealing and slow cooling on the precursor to obtain the carbon black loaded highly-ordered PtCo intermetallic compound.
The method for high-temperature annealing and slow cooling comprises the following steps:
under the protective atmosphere of hydrogen and argon with the volume ratio of 5:95, raising the temperature of the powder precursor to 900-1100 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 2 hours; then the temperature is reduced to 550-650 ℃ at a slow cooling speed of 1-1.3 ℃/min, and then the mixture is naturally cooled to the room temperature.
In some embodiments of the invention, the high temperature annealing and slow cooling method comprises: raising the temperature of the powder precursor to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min under the protective atmosphere of hydrogen and argon in the volume ratio of 5:95, and keeping the temperature for 2 hours; then the temperature is reduced to 600 ℃ at a slow cooling speed of 1.1 ℃/min, and then the temperature is naturally cooled to the room temperature.
The powder precursor in this step promotes the formation of particles as the pyrolysis temperature rises, and the alloy composition inside the particles gradually reaches the required stoichiometric ratio of 1: 1, then slowly cooling from 900-1100 ℃ to 550-650 ℃ at a cooling rate of 1-1.3 ℃/min, and promoting the ordered arrangement inside the particles to generate the PtCo intermetallic compound when the temperature is lower than the phase transition temperature of the PtCo.
The invention also provides the PtCo intermetallic compound with highly ordered carbon black loading, which is prepared by the synthesis method.
Wherein the total metal loading of the PtCo intermetallic compound is 9-13 wt%, and the degree of order of the PtCo intermetallic compound is 70-90%.
The invention also provides application of the carbon black loaded highly-ordered PtCo intermetallic compound prepared by the synthesis method as a catalyst in an oxygen reduction reaction.
The synthesis method provided by the application has the advantages that the raw material source is wide, the preparation is simple, and large-scale synthesis can be realized, so that the method has universality.
According to the synthesis method provided by the invention, after high-temperature annealing is carried out, the temperature is reduced to 600 ℃ at the cooling rate of 1.1 ℃/min by adjusting and controlling the cooling rate during annealing, so that not only can the improvement of alloy components in particles be effectively promoted, but also the alloy can be effectively promoted to be converted into intermetallic compounds when the temperature is lower than the phase transition temperature, namely, an ordered structure is formed. The synthesized highly ordered PtCo catalyst has excellent stability and catalytic oxidation-reduction activity, and is superior to commercial Pt/C. The transmission electron microscope shows that the platinum nano particles are uniformly dispersed on the carrier; x-ray diffraction showed that the sample had a highly ordered structure.
In order to further understand the present invention, the following description is made with reference to the following examples to illustrate the carbon black loaded highly ordered PtCo intermetallic compound and the synthesis method and application thereof, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Example 1
a. 50g of commercial carbon black BP2000, 14.7mg of H2PtCl4·6H2O and 10.8mg Co (NO)3)2·6H2Mixing O with 50mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, soaking, stirring, filtering, and removing the solvent through a rotary evaporator to obtain precursor powder which is uniformly mixed;
b. transferring the precursor powder to a quartz crucible after drying in a transfer oven, putting the quartz crucible into a tube furnace, heating the powder precursor to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min under the protective atmosphere of 5% hydrogen and 95% argon, and keeping the temperature for 2 h; then the temperature is reduced to 600 ℃ at a slow cooling speed of 1.1 ℃/min, and then the PtCo intermetallic compound with high order is obtained after natural cooling to the room temperature.
The PtCo intermetallic compound obtained as described above is characterized, and the results are shown in fig. 1 to 4, and fig. 1 is a transmission electron microscope picture of a common transmission electron microscope photograph of the PtCo intermetallic compound prepared in example 1 of the present invention, which shows that the PtCo intermetallic compound is uniformly dispersed on the commercial carbon black; fig. 2 is a scanning tunneling electron micrograph of the PtCo intermetallic compound prepared in example 1 of the present invention, showing that the average particle size of the PtCo intermetallic compound dispersed in the commercial carbon black is approximately 5 nm; fig. 3 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of spherical aberration correction of the PtCo intermetallic compound prepared in example 1 of the present invention, which shows the atomic distribution of a single particle of the PtCo intermetallic compound, and it can be seen that lighter atoms are Pt, and darker atoms are Co atoms, and that the arrangement of Pt and Co atoms with alternate light and dark can be seen, meaning that an ordered PtCo intermetallic compound is synthesized; fig. 4 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the PtCo intermetallic compound prepared in example 1 of the present invention, showing a superlattice peak of the PtCo ordered structure, indicating that the highly ordered PtCo intermetallic compound is synthesized.
Performing electrochemical test on the obtained PtCo intermetallic compound, specifically, the ORR electrochemical test process of the catalyst is as follows:
1. 4mg of the catalyst was dispersed in 1.96ml of isopropanol, 40. mu.L of 5% Nafion solution and sonicated for 2h to give ink of the catalyst.
2. Dropping 10 μ link onto a glassy carbon electrode with diameter of 5mm, and naturally drying.
CV testing at N2Saturated 0.1MHClO4The CV is in the range of 0.05V to 1.05V (vs RHE) and the sweep rate is 50mV s-1
LSV test 0.1MHClO saturated at O24The CV range is 0.05V to 1.05V (vs RHE) and the sweep rate is 10mV s-1
5. Stability test 0.1M HClO saturated at O24The CV range is 0.6V to 0.95V (vs RHE), and the sweep rate is 100mV s-1The number of scanning turns is 30000 turns.
The test results are shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6, fig. 5 is a cyclic voltammetry Curve (CV) of the PtCo intermetallic compound prepared in example 1 of the present invention with initial and stability after 30000 cycles, and the CV results show that the CV change before and after the stability test is not large, and only a slight decrease appears in the Hupd region of 0.05V-0.4V (vs RHE), which indicates that the electrochemical active area of platinum only slightly decreases, indicating that the highly ordered PtCo intermetallic compound catalyst has better stability.
Fig. 6 is a linear polarization curve of the PtCo intermetallic compound prepared in example 1 of the present invention after initial and 30000 cycles of stability, and the LSV results show that the half-wave potential on the LSV decreased by only 9mV before and after the stability test, indicating that the PtCo intermetallic compound catalyst has excellent stability and excellent activity.
Comparative example 1
a. 50g of commercial carbon black BP2000, 14.7mg of H2PtCl4·6H2O and 10.8mg Co (NO)3)2·6H2Mixing O with 50mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, soaking, stirring, filtering, and removing the solvent through a rotary evaporator to obtain precursor powder which is uniformly mixed;
b. transferring the precursor powder to a quartz crucible after drying in a transfer oven, putting the quartz crucible into a tube furnace, heating the powder precursor to 1000 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min under the protective atmosphere of 5% hydrogen and 95% argon, and keeping for 2 h; naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the PtCo intermetallic compound with low degree of order.
FIG. 7 is a scanning tunneling electron micrograph of comparative example 1, which shows an average particle size of about 2 nm. Fig. 8 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of comparative example 1 of the present invention, showing that a PtCo intermetallic compound with low degree of order is obtained.
Comparative example 2
a. 50g of commercial carbon black BP2000, 14.7mg of H2PtCl4·6H2O and 10.8mg Co (NO)3)2·6H2O and 50mL of absolute ethanolMixing, dipping, stirring and filtering, and removing the solvent through a rotary evaporator to obtain precursor powder which is uniformly mixed;
b. transferring the precursor powder to a quartz crucible after drying in a transfer oven, putting the quartz crucible into a tube furnace, heating the powder precursor to 800 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min under the protective atmosphere of 5% hydrogen and 95% argon, and keeping the temperature for 2 hours; and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the disordered PtCo alloy.
FIG. 9 is a scanning tunneling electron micrograph of comparative example 2, which shows an average particle size of about 4 nm.
Fig. 10 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of comparative example 2 of the present invention, showing that a disordered PtCo intermetallic compound was obtained.
FIG. 11 is an LSV of example 1 and comparative examples 2 and 3 of the present invention and commercial Pt/C showing a highly ordered PtCo intermetallic compound initial mass activity as high as 2.49A/mg, far superior to the comparative example and commercial catalyst.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A synthetic method of a carbon black loaded highly ordered PtCo intermetallic compound is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A) dispersing cobalt salt, platinum salt and carbon black in a solvent to obtain a suspension;
B) removing the solvent from the suspension to obtain a powder precursor, sequentially carrying out high-temperature annealing and slow cooling on the powder precursor to obtain a carbon black loaded highly-ordered PtCo intermetallic compound,
the method for high-temperature annealing and slow cooling comprises the following steps:
under the protective atmosphere of hydrogen and argon in a volume ratio of 5:95, raising the temperature of the powder precursor to 900-1100 ℃ at a speed of 5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 2 hours; then reducing the temperature to 550-650 ℃ at a slow cooling speed of 1-1.3 ℃/min, and naturally cooling to room temperature;
the average particle size of the PtCo intermetallic compound dispersed in the carbon black was 5 nm.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cobalt salt is selected from the group consisting of Co (NO)3)2·6H2O or CoCl2·6H2O, the platinum salt is selected from H2PtCl4·6H2O。
3. The method of synthesis according to claim 2, wherein the Co (NO) is3)2·6H2O and H2PtCl4·6H2The molar ratio of O is 1.1-1.3: 1.
4. the synthesis method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the total mass of the cobalt salt and the platinum salt to the carbon black is (0.14-0.15): 1.
5. The method of synthesis according to claim 1, wherein the solvent is selected from absolute ethanol or ultrapure water.
6. The synthetic method according to claim 1, wherein the method of removing the solvent is rotary evaporation.
7. The carbon black loaded highly ordered PtCo intermetallic compound prepared by the synthesis method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the total metal loading of the PtCo intermetallic compound is 9wt% to 13 wt%.
8. The PtCo intermetallic compound of claim 7, wherein the degree of order of the PtCo intermetallic compound is 70 to 90%.
9. An application of the carbon black loaded highly ordered PtCo intermetallic compound prepared by the synthesis method of any one of claims 1-6 as a catalyst in an oxygen reduction reaction.
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