CN111403757A - Carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst for fuel cell and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst for fuel cell and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111403757A CN111403757A CN202010228945.4A CN202010228945A CN111403757A CN 111403757 A CN111403757 A CN 111403757A CN 202010228945 A CN202010228945 A CN 202010228945A CN 111403757 A CN111403757 A CN 111403757A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/921—Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention relates to a carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst for a fuel cell and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of electrochemistry, and the catalyst comprises carrier carbon and active components, wherein the active components comprise platinum, cobalt and chromium, and the carrier carbon accounts for 60-80 percent, the platinum accounts for 10-20 percent and the cobalt accounts for 10-20 percent in percentage by mass; the mass of the chromium is 2-4% of the total mass of the carrier carbon, the platinum and the cobalt, and the platinum, the cobalt and the chromium form a face-centered cubic (fct) structure with orderly atomic arrangement. The carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst has the advantages of low platinum loading capacity, high catalytic activity, high chemical stability and the like, and can promote the further development of fuel cells.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst (carbon-supported atomic arrangement ordered platinum-cobalt-chromium catalyst) for a fuel cell and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of electrochemistry.
Technical Field
With the use of fossil energy in large quantities, environmental issues become a hot issue of concern. The environmental pollution has seriously influenced people's daily life.
It becomes especially important to find new clean energy sources and energy storage and conversion devices. Fuel cells have attracted attention as energy conversion devices that can directly convert chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidant into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. And it has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, high current density, low pollution and the like.
At present, noble metal platinum (Pt) catalysts are the main catalysts of fuel cells, but at present, the reserves of noble metal platinum (Pt) on the earth are low, resources are in short supply, and the price is expensive. Meanwhile, under high-pressure and high-acid conditions, the activity and the stability of the catalyst are insufficient. These reasons have restricted the commercialization of fuel cells.
Therefore, it is very important to research and develop a fuel cell catalyst with low platinum (Pt) loading, high activity and high stability.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the main objects of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell catalyst with low platinum (Pt) loading, which has simple preparation process, stable process, low cost, high activity and high stability.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst for a fuel cell is composed of carrier carbon and active components, wherein the active components are platinum, cobalt and chromium; the mass percentages of the carrier carbon, the platinum and the cobalt are 60-80%, 10-20% and 10-20%, respectively, and the mass of the chromium is 2-4% of the total mass of the carrier carbon, the platinum and the cobalt, respectively, and the platinum, the cobalt and the chromium form a face-centered cubic (fct) structure with orderly atomic arrangement.
Preferably, the support carbon is XC-72 carbon black.
Preferably, the chromium is located on the surface of the carbon-supported platinum cobalt chromium ordered structure catalyst.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst for the fuel cell.
A preparation method of a carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst for a fuel cell comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving carbon powder in a proper amount of deionized water, adding platinum salt and a cobalt salt precursor to ensure that the mass percentages of carbon, platinum ions and cobalt ions in the mixed solution are respectively 60-80%, 10-20% and 10-20%, and performing magnetic stirring and ultrasonic dispersion to uniformly mix the mixed solution to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) drying the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) by using an oven, and then grinding to obtain powder;
(3) carrying out high-temperature reduction on the powder in the step (2) by using a tubular furnace under the condition of hydrogen and argon mixed gas to obtain a carbon-supported platinum-cobalt alloy catalyst;
(4) carrying out high-temperature annealing on the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt alloy catalyst in the step (3) by using a tube furnace under the condition of hydrogen and argon mixed gas to obtain a carbon-supported platinum-cobalt catalyst (PtCo/C) with an ordered structure;
(5) and (4) ultrasonically dispersing the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt catalyst with the ordered structure obtained in the step (4) in deionized water, and adding chromium salt and a reducing agent under the condition of stirring at normal temperature to obtain the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst.
Preferably, in the step (1), the cobalt salt precursor is cobalt chloride, the platinum salt precursor is chloroplatinic acid, and the carbon powder is XC-72 conductive carbon black.
Preferably, in the step (1), the ultrasonic dispersion is performed at room temperature, and the ultrasonic dispersion time is 1-1.5 h.
Preferably, in the step (1), the magnetic stirring time is 5-10 min.
Preferably, in step (1), 8ml of deionized water is added to 80mg of carbon powder.
Preferably, in the step (2), the drying temperature of the oven is 80 ℃, and the drying time is 12-16 h.
Preferably, in the step (3), the hydrogen-argon gas mixture is 5% H295% of Ar, the reduction temperature is 200 ℃, and the time is 3 hours.
Preferably, in the step (4), the hydrogen and argon mixed gas is 5% H2Mixed gas of Ar with the concentration of 95 percent, the annealing temperature is 700 ℃, and the time is 2 hours.
Preferably, in the step (5), the chromium salt precursor is chromium chloride, the reducing agent is sodium borohydride, and the stirring time is 6 hours.
Preferably, in the step (5), the chromium salt is added in an amount of 2-4% by mass of the sum of the mass of the carbon, platinum ion and cobalt ion.
The structural representation of the prepared product proves that the catalyst is a carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium catalyst with an ordered structure, the carbon is used as a carrier, active metal is supported on the surface of the carbon, the particle size is 5-10 nm, and the distribution is relatively uniform through electron microscope observation.
The invention has the advantages that:
the method takes deionized water as a solvent of the whole reaction, is safe and environment-friendly, simultaneously adopts metal salt with low price as a reaction raw material, reduces the synthesis cost of the catalyst, and simultaneously adopts hydrogen and argon mixed gas as reducing gas and protective gas in the calcining process (high-temperature reduction and high-temperature annealing), thereby obviously reducing the synthesis cost. The carbon-supported platinum-cobalt catalyst with the ordered structure with smaller grain diameter is synthesized by adjusting the temperature and time of the reaction and the air input of hydrogen in the reaction process, and the preparation process is simple and stable.
According to the method, sodium borohydride is used as a reducing agent, and metal chromium is reduced to the surface of the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt catalyst with an ordered structure at normal temperature, so that the carbon-supported ordered platinum-cobalt-chromium catalyst is obtained. Platinum and cobalt show the superlattice characteristics of ordered arrangement on an atomic level, and simultaneously, transition metal chromium is adopted for surface modification, so that the catalytic activity and the utilization rate of noble metal platinum are greatly improved. The whole process is environment-friendly, the materials are simple and easy to obtain, the preparation method is simple, and the further development of the ordered structure catalyst is promoted.
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and specific examples, which are not meant to limit the scope of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is XRD patterns of the platinum-cobalt catalyst with ordered structure (PtCo/C) obtained in step (4) and the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium catalyst with ordered structure (Cr-PtCo/C) obtained in step (5) in example 1 of the present invention, respectively.
FIG. 2-1 is a high-resolution electron micrograph of the ordered platinum-cobalt catalyst (PtCo/C) obtained in step (4) of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2-2 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 2-1.
FIG. 3-1 is a high resolution electron microscope image of the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst (Cr-PtCo/C) obtained in step (5) of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3-2 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 3-1.
Detailed Description
The carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst for the fuel cell consists of a carrier and an active component, wherein the carrier is XC-72 carbon black, the active component is a platinum-cobalt-chromium alloy with an ordered structure, the mass percentages of the carrier carbon, the platinum and the cobalt are respectively 60-80%, 10-20% and 10-20%, namely the total mass of the carrier carbon, the platinum and the cobalt is 100%; the mass of the chromium accounts for 2-4% of the total mass of the carbon, the platinum and the cobalt as the carrier.
The preparation method of the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered catalyst for the fuel cell comprises two steps, firstly, reacting under hydrogen and argon mixed gas by using an immersion reduction method and high-temperature calcination, and synthesizing the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt ordered catalyst (PtCo/C) by controlling the temperature and time of the reaction; then, the obtained catalyst is used for loading Cr atoms on the surface of the catalyst by using a normal-temperature liquid phase reduction method to prepare the carbon-loaded platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst (Cr-PtCo/C).
Example 1
(1) Weighing 70mg carbon powder (XC-72 carbon black, the same below) in a beaker, adding 8ml deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment at room temperature for 0.5H to uniformly disperse the carbon powder in water, and respectively adding 39.8mg chloroplatinic acid (H) under stirring2PtCl6·6H2O) and 60.49mg of cobalt chloride hexahydrate (CoCl)2·6H2O), and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1h to uniformly mix the components to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) drying the mixed solution in the step (1) in a drying oven at 80 ℃ for 12h, evaporating to remove water in the solution, and grinding the solid into powder by using an agate mortar;
(3) putting the powder obtained in the step (3) into a quartz porcelain boat, and carrying out treatment under the condition of hydrogen and argon mixed gas (the hydrogen and argon mixed gas is 5% H)2Mixed gas of/95% Ar), reducing for 3h by using a tubular furnace at the temperature of 200 ℃;
(4) after the reaction is finished, the reaction product is treated for 2 hours at the high temperature of 700 ℃ by a tube furnace to obtain the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt catalyst (PtCo/C) with an ordered structure.
(5) Ultrasonically dispersing the carbon-supported platinum cobalt catalyst (PtCo/C) with the ordered structure prepared in the step (4) in deionized water, and adding 0.984ml of chromium chloride hexahydrate aqueous solution (CrCl)3·6H2O,20g/L) and NaBH4And magnetically stirring the solution (1M,10ml) for 6 hours to obtain the chromium-modified carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst (Cr-PtCo/C).
Example 2
(1) Weighing 72mg carbon powder (XC-72 carbon black, the same below) in a beaker, adding 8ml deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment at room temperature for 0.5H to uniformly disperse the carbon powder in water, and respectively adding 37.18mg chloroplatinic acid (H) under stirring2PtCl6·6H2O) and 56.45mg of cobalt chloride hexahydrate (CoCl)2·6H2O), and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1h to uniformly mix the components to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) drying the mixed solution in the step (1) in a drying oven at 80 ℃ for 12h, evaporating to remove water in the solution, and grinding the solid into powder by using an agate mortar;
(3) putting the powder obtained in the step (3) into a quartz porcelain boat, and carrying out treatment under the condition of hydrogen and argon mixed gas (the hydrogen and argon mixed gas is 5% H)2Mixed gas of/95% Ar), reducing for 3h by using a tubular furnace at the temperature of 200 ℃;
(4) after the reaction is finished, the reaction product is treated for 2 hours at the high temperature of 700 ℃ by a tube furnace to obtain the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt catalyst (PtCo/C) with an ordered structure.
(5) Ultrasonically dispersing the carbon-supported platinum cobalt catalyst (PtCo/C) with the ordered structure prepared in the step (4) in deionized water, and adding 0.792ml of chromium chloride hexahydrate aqueous solution (CrCl)3·6H2O,20 g/L) and NaBH4And magnetically stirring the solution (1M,10ml) for 6 hours to obtain the chromium-modified carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst (Cr-PtCo/C).
Example 3
(1) Weighing 76mg carbon powder (XC-72 carbon black, the same below) in a beaker, adding 8ml deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment at room temperature for 0.5H to uniformly disperse the carbon powder in water, and respectively adding 31.87mg chloroplatinic acid (H) under stirring2PtCl6·6H2O) and 48.39mg of cobalt chloride hexahydrate (CoCl)2·6H2O), and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1h to uniformly mix the components to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) drying the mixed solution in the step (1) in a drying oven at 80 ℃ for 12h, evaporating to remove water in the solution, and grinding the solid into powder by using an agate mortar;
(3) putting the powder obtained in the step (3) into a quartz porcelain boat, and carrying out treatment under the condition of hydrogen and argon mixed gas (the hydrogen and argon mixed gas is 5% H)2Mixed gas of/95% Ar), reducing for 3h by using a tubular furnace at the temperature of 200 ℃;
(4) after the reaction is finished, the reaction product is treated for 2 hours at the high temperature of 700 ℃ by a tube furnace to obtain the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt catalyst (PtCo/C) with an ordered structure.
(5) Ultrasonically dispersing the carbon-supported platinum cobalt catalyst (PtCo/C) with the ordered structure prepared in the step (4) into deionized water, and adding 0.523ml of chromium chloride hexahydrate aqueous solution (CrCl)3·6H2O,20 g/L) and NaBH4And magnetically stirring the solution (1M,10ml) for 6 hours to obtain the chromium-modified carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst (Cr-PtCo/C).
The structural characterization of the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst (Cr-PtCo/C) prepared in the embodiment 1-3 proves that the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst is prepared by taking carbon as a carrier and loading an active component on the surface of the carbon, wherein the active component is a chromium-modified platinum-cobalt-chromium catalyst (Cr-PtCo/C) with an ordered structure, the particle size is 5-10 nm, and the uniform distribution is found by electron microscope observation.
(1) X-ray diffraction analysis
The carbon-supported platinum-cobalt alloy catalyst (PtCo/C) with an ordered structure obtained in the step (4) in the example 1 of the present invention and the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst (Cr-PtCo/C) obtained in the step (5) were subjected to X-ray diffraction, and the diffraction patterns thereof were analyzed.
As shown in fig. 1, XRD patterns of the platinum-cobalt alloy catalyst with ordered structure (PtCo/C) obtained in step (4) and the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst (Cr-PtCo/C) obtained in step (5) in example 1 of the present invention have a broad diffraction peak at about 25 ° 2 θ, which is assigned to the crystal plane diffraction peak of the carbon support (200). Peaks appearing near at 39.8 °, 46.2 °, 67.5 ° and 82.4 ° in 2 θ belong to characteristic peaks of (111), (200), (220) and (311) crystal plane diffraction of platinum metal, respectively; the observation shows that: the peak intensity of the characteristic peak of platinum is strong, which indicates that the crystal form of the sample particle is complete and four obvious diffraction peaks of platinum exist; compared with the characteristic peak of the standard Pt/C, the diffraction peak of the catalyst is shifted positively, which shows that less cobalt enters a platinum face-centered cubic lattice to generate lattice contraction to form a platinum-cobalt alloy phase; in particular, around 23 °, 32.8 °, 53.1 °, 58.6 ° 2 θ, there are specific diffraction peaks, which are respectively assigned to (100), (110), (210) and (211) crystal plane diffraction peaks characterizing the structurally ordered intermetallic compound, indicating that, after calcination (high temperature reduction and high temperature annealing), the PtCo/C structure is fct (face centered square), no other impurity peaks are found in the PtCo/C map, indicating that platinum or cobalt is not oxidized, and that platinum and cobalt in the sample have been completely alloyed, and the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst (Cr-PtCo/C catalyst) also has similar characteristic peaks compared to the PtCo/C. Meanwhile, after surface doping, the intensity of the characteristic peak is reduced, which is caused by the change of surface crystal lattice, but the ordered structure is well preserved.
(2) Analysis by Electron microscopy
Electron microscope analysis was performed on the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt alloy catalyst (PtCo/C) with an ordered structure obtained in step (4) and the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst (Cr-PtCo/C) obtained in step (5) in example 1 of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2-1, which is a high resolution electron microscope image of the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt alloy catalyst (PtCo/C) with an ordered structure obtained in step (4) of example 1 of the present invention, it is found through analysis that the active ingredient has good dispersibility on the carbon support, and is relatively uniform in particle size, and the particle size is about 6 nm; only a small portion of agglomeration occurs. Fig. 2-2 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 2-1, and the formation of a superlattice crystal plane (100) is found by measuring the respective interplanar spacings, indicating the formation of structurally ordered intermetallic compounds, which is consistent with the results of XRD test analysis.
As shown in fig. 3-1, which is a high resolution electron microscope image of the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst (Cr-PtCo/C) obtained in step (5) of example 1 of the present invention, it is found by analysis that the active components are uniformly distributed and have uniform particle size, no significant agglomeration phenomenon, and the particle size is about 6 nm. Fig. 3-2 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 3-1, and the superlattice crystal plane (100) is found by measuring the distances among the crystal planes, which is consistent with the result of XRD test analysis, and it can be seen that the modified carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst (Cr-PtCo/C) shows the similar structural characteristics to PtCo/C, and the modification does not destroy the ordered structure.
The carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst prepared by the invention has the advantages of low platinum loading capacity, high catalytic activity, high chemical stability and the like, and can promote the further development of fuel cells.
Claims (9)
1. A carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst for a fuel cell is composed of carrier carbon and active components, wherein the active components are platinum, cobalt and chromium; the mass percentages of the carrier carbon, the platinum and the cobalt are 60-80%, 10-20% and 10-20%, respectively, and the mass of the chromium is 2-4% of the total mass of the carrier carbon, the platinum and the cobalt, respectively, and the platinum, the cobalt and the chromium form a face-centered cubic structure with orderly atomic arrangement.
2. The carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the carrier carbon is XC-72 carbon black.
3. The carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst for a fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chromium is positioned on the surface of the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst.
4. The method for preparing a carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst for a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
(1) dissolving carbon powder in a proper amount of deionized water, adding platinum salt and a cobalt salt precursor to ensure that the mass percentages of carbon, platinum ions and cobalt ions in the mixed solution are respectively 60-80%, 10-20% and 10-20%, and performing magnetic stirring and ultrasonic dispersion to uniformly mix the mixed solution to obtain a mixed solution;
(2) drying the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) by using an oven, and then grinding to obtain powder;
(3) carrying out high-temperature reduction on the powder in the step (2) by using a tubular furnace under the condition of hydrogen and argon mixed gas to obtain a carbon-supported platinum-cobalt alloy catalyst;
(4) carrying out high-temperature annealing on the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt alloy catalyst in the step (3) by using a tube furnace under the condition of hydrogen and argon mixed gas to obtain the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt alloy catalyst with an ordered structure;
(5) and (4) ultrasonically dispersing the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt alloy catalyst with the ordered structure obtained in the step (4) in deionized water, and adding chromium salt and a reducing agent under the condition of stirring at normal temperature to obtain the carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst.
5. The method for preparing a carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst for a fuel cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step (1), the cobalt salt precursor is cobalt chloride, the platinum salt precursor is chloroplatinic acid, and the carbon powder is XC-72 conductive carbon black.
6. The method for preparing a carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst for a fuel cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step (1), the ultrasonic dispersion is carried out at room temperature, the ultrasonic dispersion time is 1-1.5 h, and the magnetic stirring time is 5-10 min.
7. The method for preparing a carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst for a fuel cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step (2), the drying temperature of the oven is 80 ℃, the drying time is 12-16H, and in the step (3), the hydrogen-argon mixed gas is 5% H295% of Ar, the reduction temperature is 200 ℃, and the time is 3 hours.
8. The method for preparing a carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst for a fuel cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step (4), the hydrogen and argon mixed gas is 5% H2And (2) annealing with 95% of Ar at 700 ℃ for 2h, wherein in the step (5), the chromium salt precursor is chromium chloride, the reducing agent is sodium borohydride, and the stirring time is 6 h.
9. The method for preparing a carbon-supported platinum-cobalt-chromium ordered structure catalyst for a fuel cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step (5), the mass of chromium ions in the added chromium salt is 2-4% of the total mass of the carbon ions, the platinum ions and the cobalt ions.
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| CN113231641A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-10 | 中国科学技术大学 | Carbon black loaded highly-ordered PtCo intermetallic compound and synthesis method and application thereof |
| CN113241453A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-10 | 中国科学技术大学 | Carbon black loaded highly-ordered PtNi intermetallic compound and synthesis method and application thereof |
| WO2022272126A3 (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2023-03-02 | The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York | Hybrid catalyst suitable for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cell |
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| CN113231641A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-10 | 中国科学技术大学 | Carbon black loaded highly-ordered PtCo intermetallic compound and synthesis method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200710 |