CN115399187A

CN115399187A - Grape and soybean intercropping method

Info

Publication number: CN115399187A
Application number: CN202211207914.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张斌; 焦旭亮; 王辉; 张军伟; 李晓宣; 姚怀宇
Original assignee: Sino French Joint Venture Dynasty Winery Co Ltd
Current assignee: Sino French Joint Venture Dynasty Winery Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-09-30
Filing date: 2022-09-30
Publication date: 2022-11-29

Abstract

The invention provides a grape and soybean intercropping method, which comprises the following steps: s1: accelerating germination; s2, ploughing; s3: sowing the pregerminated soybean seeds in the ploughed soil; s4, when the soybean seedlings grow to a 3-leaf stage, the grapes enter a treetop stage, and the soybean and the grapes are simultaneously applied with a thin fertilizer solution; s5: pruning branches, leaves and flowers of grapes in 6 months, and ditching the ridge sides of soybeans and applying fertilizer; s6: 7-8 months, spraying a phosphate fertilizer potassium fertilizer solution on the grapes, the vegetables and the fruits, and applying a primary phosphate fertilizer to the soybeans; s6: applying a nitrogen fertilizer to grapes in 9 months, picking in time, and adding a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer solution to soybeans; s7: and harvesting the soybeans in 10 months. The method has the advantages of improving the land utilization rate, increasing the soil fertility, improving the soil, improving the water retention and air permeability of the soil and improving the economic benefit by interplanting the soybeans and the grapes.

Description

Grape and soybean intercropping method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of grape planting, and particularly relates to a grape and soybean intercropping method.

Background

The grape needs sufficient illumination in the growing process, so that a certain distance needs to be reserved between every two rows of grapevines when large-area grapes are planted, and sufficient illumination of every row of grapevines is ensured. For make full use of land resources, often plant other crops between two lines of grape trees, for example plant melon and fruit vegetables, but melon and fruit vegetables growing period is short, and the growing time is difficult to be well matched with each stage of grape growth, and melon and fruit vegetables insect pest is serious, and its root nitrogen fixation is relatively poor, can not improve soil, needs to apply nitrogen fertilizer many times, therefore although this type of crop improves land use effect to a certain extent, but with grape intercropping economic benefits not very ideal.

The soybeans are short-day crops, have certain drought tolerance and warm sexual preference, have a nitrogen fixation effect, can increase nitrogen elements in soil, increase the fertility degree of the soil, increase beneficial microbial floras of the soil, effectively inhibit pathogenic bacteria, prevent various plant diseases and insect pests, reduce the using amount of pesticides and are beneficial to the growth of grapes, so that how to reasonably intersperse the soybeans among grapevines becomes a new research and development subject.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a grape and soybean intercropping method to improve the land utilization and increase the economic benefit.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:

a grape and soybean intercropping method comprises the following steps:

s1: accelerating germination:

soaking the soybean seeds for 4-5 days before the germination period of the grapes in the last 4 months;

s2, ploughing:

in the sprouting period of grapes, turning over soil between every two adjacent rows of grapevines in the vineyard, and applying base fertilizer to the turned-over soil and the grapevines;

s3: sowing the germinated soybean seeds in the ploughed soil, burying the soybean seeds in the soil and compacting;

s4, when the soybean seedlings grow to a 3-leaf stage, the grapes enter a treetop stage, and the soybean and the grapes are simultaneously applied with a thin fertilizer solution;

s5: the grapes enter the flowering phase in 6 months, the soybeans enter the flower bud differentiation phase, and branches, leaves and flowers of the grapes are trimmed in the flowering phase; ditching and applying fertilizer to the ridge sides of the soybeans in the flower bud differentiation period;

s6:7, 7-8 months, the grapes enter a fruiting stage, the soybeans enter a podding and filling stage, flowers of the grapes wither to produce fruits in the fruiting stage, fruits and vegetables are subjected to fruit and vegetable treatment according to the principle of leaving large, small, strong and weak fruits, and after the fruits and vegetables are finished, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer liquid is sprayed on the grape trees according to the stage; watering soybeans at regular intervals in a grouting period, weeding in an artificial field, and enhancing pest control, and applying a primary phosphate fertilizer to the soybeans at the initial stage and the middle stage of grouting respectively;

s6:9 months, the grapes enter a maturation stage, the soybeans enter a grain-swelling grouting later stage, nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the grapes and are picked in time, and once phosphorus-potassium fertilizer liquid is added to the soybeans in the grouting later stage;

s7: when the soybean enters the maturation stage in 10 months, when the stems and the bean pod shells become yellow brown, the bean grains separate from the bean pod shells and shake to make a sound, and then the soybean can be maturely harvested; in the period, the grape vines fall leaves, the grape vines are trimmed and the residual branches are maintained in autumn and winter.

Furthermore, the distance between every two adjacent rows of grapevines is 1.8-2.2m, 4 rows of soybeans are sowed between every two adjacent rows of grapevines, and the distance between every two adjacent rows of soybeans is 27-32mm.

Further, the base fertilizer applied in the step S2 is decomposed organic fertilizer and is applied according to the proportion of 1500-2000kg per mu.

Further, the thin fertilizer liquid in the step S4 is a thin nitrogen fertilizer liquid.

Further, in step S5, the fertilizer applied in the flower bud differentiation stage of the soybeans is urea and is applied according to the proportion of 5-7kg per mu.

Further, in step S6, 2-3 times of bordeaux mixture is sprayed during the fruiting period of grapes, and the weight ratio relationship of copper sulfate, lime and water in the bordeaux mixture is 3.

Further, in step S6, the phosphate fertilizer is 2% calcium superphosphate solution, which is sprayed on the soybean leaf surfaces.

Compared with the prior art, the grape and soybean intercropping method has the following advantages:

(1) In the invention, the soybean and grape interplanting operation improves the land utilization rate, the soybean is sown when the grapes enter the germination stage, so that each stage of the soybean growth period is well matched with each stage of the grape growth period as much as possible, and the consistent fertilizer application time of the grapes and the soybeans is ensured; the invention improves the soil by utilizing the self characteristics of the soybeans, increases the fertility of the soil, improves the water retention and air permeability of the soil, effectively reduces the hardening of the soil and ensures the growth of grapes and soybeans.

(2) According to the invention, the distance between every two adjacent rows of grapevines is 1.8-2.2m, 4 rows of soybeans are planted between every two adjacent rows of grapevines, the distance between every two adjacent rows of soybeans is 27-32mm, the grapevines and the soybeans are reasonably arranged, so that the grapevines and the soybeans are sufficiently illuminated, and the distance between every two adjacent rows of grapevines is larger, so that the better ventilation effect of the soybeans is ensured, the yields of the soybeans and the grapes are improved, and the economic benefit is improved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention without limitation. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a grape and soybean intercropping method according to the inventive embodiment;

Detailed Description

The invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

As shown in figure 1, the grape and soybean intercropping method is suitable for northern China and comprises the following steps:

s1: accelerating germination:

soaking the selected soybean seeds in advance for 4-5 days before the germination period of grapes in the last 4 months, wherein the soybean seeds are high-quality seeds with the germination rate of more than 85 percent, the water content of less than 12 percent and no insect pests, and airing the seeds for 1-2 days before soaking;

s2, ploughing:

when the grapes enter the germination stage in the beginning of 5 months, ploughing the soil between every two adjacent rows of grapevines in the vineyard, ploughing and weeding the soil under the grapevines, and applying base fertilizer to the ploughed soil and the grapevines to improve the fertility of the soil; the base fertilizer is decomposed organic fertilizer and is applied according to the proportion of 1500-2000kg per mu;

s3: sowing the germinated soybean seeds in the ploughed soil to form a strip-shaped seedling zone with the width of 5-10 cm, burying the soybean seeds with the soil and compacting to prevent the seedlings from falling after the seedlings are drilled out;

the soybean and grape interplanting operation improves the land utilization rate, the soybean is sown when the grapes enter the germination stage, each stage of the soybean growth period and each stage of the grape growth period are well matched as much as possible, the consistent fertilizer application time of the grapes and the soybeans is ensured, and the operation convenience is improved;

s4, when the soybean seedlings grow to a 3-leaf stage, the grapes enter a treetop stage, and when the shoots are 2 weeks at the position of the grapes, a thin nitrogen fertilizer solution is applied to the soybeans and the grapes at the same time, so that paper strips of the grapes and nutrients of the soybean seedlings are sufficient, and the soybeans grow vigorously;

s5: the grapes enter the flowering phase in 6 months, the soybeans enter the flower bud differentiation phase, and branches, leaves and flowers of the grapes are trimmed in the flowering phase, so that the consumption of redundant nutrients is avoided; applying fertilizer to the ridge side of the soybean in a furrow opening manner in a flower bud differentiation period, wherein the applied fertilizer is urea and is applied according to the proportion of 5-7kg per mu, and applying a compound fertilizer in the stage, such as a compound fertilizer formed by farmer fertilizer and a small amount of phosphate fertilizer or a compound fertilizer formed by nitrogen fertilizer and urea 1:1;

s6: 7-8 months, the grapes enter a fruiting period, the soybeans enter a podding and filling period, flowers of the grapes wither to produce fruits in the fruiting period, fruits and vegetables are subjected to fruit and vegetable pruning according to the principle of keeping the fruits large, small, strong and weak, branches and leaves of the grapes are pruned to ensure that the grapes are sufficiently illuminated, and after the pruning and the vegetable and fruit are completed, a phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer solution is sprayed on the grape trees according to the period, so that the grapes are better colored;

watering soybeans, weeding in artificial fields and enhancing pest control in a grouting period at regular intervals, respectively applying a phosphate fertilizer to the soybeans once in the initial stage and the middle stage of the grouting, wherein the phosphate fertilizer is applied manually, and the fertilizer is applied to the side of the roots of the soybeans;

s6:9 months, the grapes enter a ripening and picking stage, and the soybeans enter a grain-swelling and grouting later stage; applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer 10-15 days before picking the grapes, and watering the grapevines while fertilizing; picking ripe grapes with grapes;

adding a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer solution to the soybeans in the later stage of grouting, wherein the phosphorus fertilizer is a 2% calcium superphosphate solution and is sprayed on the surfaces of the soybean leaves;

s7: when the soybean enters the maturation stage in 10 months, when the stems and the bean pod shells become yellow brown, the bean grains separate from the bean pod shells and shake to make a sound, and then the soybean can be maturely harvested; in the period, the grape vine falls leaves, the residual branches of the grape vine are pruned to ensure that nutrients are stored in root systems and branches and tendrils, when pruning is carried out, 8-12 sections of long tips are reserved, 5-7 sections of middle tips are reserved, 1-3 sections of short tips are reserved, then the reserved branches and tendrils are buried under the soil, the branches and tendrils are damaged due to too low temperature, and autumn and winter maintenance is well carried out.

In the embodiment, the distance between every two adjacent rows of grapevines is 1.8-2.2m, 4 rows of soybeans are sowed between every two adjacent rows of grapevines, and the distance between every two adjacent rows of soybeans is 27-32mm. The grape vines and the soybeans are reasonably arranged, the grape vines and the soybeans are guaranteed to be sufficiently illuminated, and the distance between every two adjacent rows of grape vines is large, so that the good ventilation effect of the soybeans is guaranteed, the yield of the soybeans and the yield of the grapes are improved, and the economic benefit is improved.

In this embodiment, in step S6, a bordeaux mixture is sprayed 2-3 times during the fruiting period of grapes, and the weight ratio relationship between copper sulfate, lime and water in the bordeaux mixture is 3.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. A grape and soybean intercropping method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1: accelerating germination:

soaking the soybean seeds for 4-5 days before the sprouting period of grapes in the last ten days of 4 months;

s2, plowing:

s3: sowing the germinated soybean seeds in the ploughed soil, and then burying the soybean seeds in the soil and compacting;

s5: the grapes enter the flowering phase in 6 months, the soybeans enter the flower bud differentiation phase, and grape branches, leaves and flowers are trimmed in the flowering phase; ditching and applying fertilizer to the ridge sides of the soybeans in the flower bud differentiation period;

s6:7, 7-8 months, the grapes enter a fruiting period, the soybeans enter a pod bearing filling period, flowers of the grapes wither to bear fruits in the fruiting period, fruits, vegetables and fruits are sprayed on the grapes according to the principle of leaving the fruits to be small and strong and weak, and after the fruits and vegetables are finished, phosphate fertilizer potassium fertilizer liquid is sprayed on the grapes according to the period; watering soybeans at regular intervals in a grouting period, weeding in an artificial field, and enhancing pest control, and applying a primary phosphate fertilizer to the soybeans at the initial stage and the middle stage of grouting respectively;

2. The grape and soybean intercropping method according to claim 1, wherein: the distance between every two adjacent rows of grapevines is 1.8-2.2m, 4 rows of soybeans are sowed between every two adjacent rows of grapevines, and the distance between every two adjacent rows of soybeans is 27-32mm.

3. The grape and soybean intercropping method according to claim 1, wherein: the base fertilizer applied in the step S2 is decomposed organic fertilizer and is applied according to the proportion of 1500-2000kg per mu.

4. The grape and soybean intercropping method according to claim 1, wherein: and the thin fertilizer liquid in the step S4 is thin nitrogen fertilizer liquid.

5. The grape and soybean intercropping method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S5, the fertilizer applied in the flower bud differentiation period of the soybeans is urea and is applied according to the proportion of 5-7kg per mu.

6. The grape and soybean intercropping method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S6, 2-3 times of Bordeaux mixture is sprayed in the fruiting period of the grapes, and the weight proportion relation of copper sulfate, lime and water in the Bordeaux mixture is 3.

7. The grape and soybean intercropping method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S6, the phosphate fertilizer is a 2% calcium superphosphate solution, which is sprayed on the soybean leaf surfaces.