CN112154842A

CN112154842A - Cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of pear trees

Info

Publication number: CN112154842A
Application number: CN202011048650.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 易显荣; 赵碧英; 唐艳; 徐志美; 贺申魁; 王明召; 王红梅
Original assignee: Guangxi Academy Of Specialty Crops
Current assignee: Guangxi Academy Of Specialty Crops
Priority date: 2020-09-29
Filing date: 2020-09-29
Publication date: 2021-01-01

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for early bearing and high yield of pear trees, and belongs to the technical field of pear tree cultivation. The cultivation method for the early-bearing and high-yield pear trees comprises the following steps: step 1: stock seedling cultivation; step 2: fertilizing in a furrow; and step 3: treating a nutrition pot; and 4, step 4: selecting scions; and 5: grafting; step 6: treating pear seedlings; and 7: planting; and 8: managing in the first year of planting; and step 9: planting and managing in the second year; step 10: and (5) managing in the third year of planting. The cultivation method for early-bearing and high-yield pear trees has short time from the sowing to the grafting and fruiting of the stock seeds, and can lead farmers to benefit in advance; the orchard production cost is reduced; can also reduce the difficulty of building a garden on the pear tree and accelerate the popularization of new varieties, and has good economic benefit and wide market prospect.

Description

Cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of pear trees

Technical Field

The invention relates to a cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of pear trees, and belongs to the technical field of pear tree cultivation.

Background

The pears are the third fruit tree in China and also the traditional fruit for earning foreign exchange by export in China, the cultivation area of the pears in China in 2017 is 1381.5 ten thousand mu, the yield is 1641 thousand tons, the cultivation area respectively accounts for 8.3 percent and 9.7 percent of the total area and the total yield of the fruits in China, the cultivation area accounts for about 2/3 percent of the world, and the pear is the first large production country of the pears in the world. The variety of Chinese pears is various, and pear trees are cultivated in provinces (cities and regions) except the Hainan province. However, with the improvement of living standard of people and the continuous development and popularization of new varieties of high-quality pear trees, the demand of domestic and foreign markets on pear fruits is higher and higher, and the pear industry in China faces the serious challenges of variety structure adjustment and old variety updating. The pear is a perennial woody fruit tree, the period from the seeding of stock seeds, the grafting and the new planting of saplings to the fruiting is long, a large amount of labor cost needs to be consumed, 5 years of time is needed from the field planting and garden building to the production putting into operation, and the economic profit time is long, so that the long investment time and the slow fruiting become one of the problems to be solved urgently in the pear tree production.

In view of the above, on the basis of the existing cultivation techniques and practices, there is a need to develop a pear tree cultivation method with close planting type, early fruiting and early high yield, so as to solve the defects of the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a cultivation method for early bearing and high yield of pear trees. The cultivation method for early-bearing and high-yield pear trees has short time from the sowing to the grafting and fruiting of the stock seeds, and can lead farmers to benefit in advance; the orchard production cost is reduced; can also reduce the difficulty of building a garden on the pear tree and accelerate the popularization of new varieties, and has good economic benefit and wide market prospect.

The scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a cultivation method for early bearing and high yield of pear trees comprises the following steps:

step 1: stock seedling cultivation

At the bottom of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months in the first year, stock seedlings are cultivated;

step 2: furrow-leveling fertilizer application

Leveling land in an orchard to be planted, making a ridge bed, and fertilizing to obtain a treated ridge bed;

and step 3: nutrient bowl treatment

Filling a substrate into the nutrition pot to obtain a treated nutrition pot;

and 4, step 4: scion selection

Collecting annual developing branches or bearing branches with thickness of more than 0.6cm at the periphery of a crown as scions;

and 5: grafting

In the last 11 th month of the second year, grafting the scion obtained in the step 4 to the stock seedling obtained in the step 1 to obtain a pear seedling;

step 6: pear seedling treatment

Soaking the root of the pear seedling obtained in the step (5) in 2000-4000 times liquid of naphthylacetic acid with the mass percentage concentration of 20% for 5-10 min to obtain the treated pear seedling;

and 7: planting

Planting the treated pear seedlings obtained in the step 6 into the ridge beds treated in the step 2 and the nutrition pots treated in the step 3 respectively according to the quantity ratio of (90-92) to (8-10);

and 8: first year management of planting

Step 8.1: after germination, if the pear seedlings planted on the ridge-up bed do not survive, the pear seedlings which survive in the nutrition pot are immediately replaced;

step 8.2: removing rootstock sprouts in time within 3-4 months, and allowing pear seedlings to grow vertically when young shoots grow to 25-30 cm;

step 8.3: fertilizing;

step 8.4: controlling pest and disease damage within 3-10 months;

and step 9: planting management in the second year

Step 9.1: fertilizing;

step 9.2: bud carving

Bud carving is carried out on the pear trees, and the bud which is scratched in a wet mode is coated with cyanamide solution;

step 9.3: leaving 12-15 bearing branches per plant; selecting 1-2 new shoots with the distance of 15-18 cm from the ground surface to the ground surface by 60-70 cm, and picking buds or pinching the rest new shoots except the central trunk extension head and the main branch to control the growth vigor;

step 9.4: opening base angles and branch pulling of young shoots;

step 9.5: beginning at the beginning of 6 months, spraying 1500-times 2000-times liquid of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate with the mass percentage of 2%, and spraying for 4-5 times at intervals of 10d-15 d;

step 9.6: controlling the plant diseases and insect pests in the same step as 8.4 in 3-10 months;

step 10: third year management of planting

Step 10.1: fertilizing;

step 10.2: spraying 1500 times of boron fertilizer 1000-fold liquid with the mass percentage of 20% at the initial flowering stage and the full flowering stage respectively;

step 10.3: 2-3 fruits are remained in each bearing branch, and 25-40 fruits are remained in each bearing branch;

step 10.4: beginning at the beginning of 6 months, spraying 1500-times 2000-times liquid of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate with the mass percentage of 2%, and spraying for 4-5 times at intervals of 10d-15 d;

step 10.5: controlling the plant diseases and insect pests in the same step as 8.4 in 3-10 months;

step 10.6: and (7) harvesting after 7-10 months.

The principle of the cultivation method for the pear trees with early bearing and high yield is as follows:

in the step 1 of the invention, the stock seedling is cultivated, the diameter of the stock seedling is over 0.7cm, the length of the main root is more than 25cm, the lateral roots are 3-5 and the length is more than 15cm in 11 months in the next year. The rootstock with the parameters can improve the success rate of subsequent grafting.

In the step 6 of the invention, the root of the pear seedling obtained in the step 5 is soaked in 2000-4000 times liquid of naphthylacetic acid with the mass percentage concentration of 20% for 5-10 min, so that the planting survival rate can be improved. The preparation method of the naphthylacetic acid 2000-4000 time liquid with the mass percentage concentration of 20 percent comprises the following steps: taking 1g of naphthylacetic acid with the mass percent of 20%, and adding 2kg-4kg of water to obtain the naphthylacetic acid. The naphthylacetic acid having a concentration of 20% by mass can be purchased commercially, for example, from Guanghong agrichemical Co., Ltd.

In step 7 of the method, attention is paid to avoiding the grafted part as much as possible in the planting process.

In step 8.2 of the invention, the rootstock sprout is generally erased once every 5d-7 d. And when the young shoot grows to 25-30 cm, inserting a bamboo pole or a wood stick or a steel pipe beside the young shoot to enable the young shoot to grow vertically along the bamboo pole or the wood stick or the steel pipe, and timely binding the young shoot.

In step 9.2 of the invention, the inventor tests show that the germination rate and the shoot forming rate are both improved by 147.06% when the bud carving operation is carried out and the bud carving operation which is scratched by coating the cyanamide solution with wet carving is carried out, compared with the blank control which is not carried out with the bud carving operation; the average length is improved 5135.9%; the average coarseness increased 272.6%. Compared with the bud cutting operation which only performs bud cutting but does not use cyanamide solution to coat wet and cut, the bud cutting rate and the branch forming rate are both improved by 13.51 percent, the average length is improved by 51.3 percent, and the average thickness is improved by 13.6 percent. Therefore, the bud is carved, and the carved and damaged bud is coated with cyanamide solution in a wet mode, so that the germination rate and the branch forming rate can be remarkably improved, and the length and the thickness of branches are improved.

In step 9.5 of the invention, the preparation method of the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate 1500-2000 times liquid with the mass percentage of 2% comprises the following steps: taking 1g of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate with the mass percent of 20%, and adding 1.5kg to 2kg of water to obtain the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate. The diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate with the mass percentage of 2 percent can be purchased in the market, for example, from Guangdong plant Longglong Biotechnology GmbH.

In step 10.2 of the invention, the preparation method of the 1000-fold 1500-fold liquid of 20 percent by mass of boron fertilizer comprises the following steps: and (3) adding 1g of 20 mass percent boric fertilizer into 1kg to 1.5kg of water to obtain the boric fertilizer. The boron fertilizer with the mass percent of 20 percent can be purchased from the market, such as the borax group in the United states.

In conclusion, the pear tree seedling planting method can immediately plant pear varieties after grafting the pear varieties on the stocks, can shorten seedling culture time, reduce investment on nursery stocks for garden building, reduce the expense of the nursery stocks for garden building by more than 40 percent, reduce the difficulty in garden building of pear trees and accelerate the popularization speed of new varieties.

The cultivation method for the pear trees with early bearing and high yield has the beneficial effects that:

1. the cultivation method for early-bearing and high-yield pear trees has the advantages that the time from the sowing of the stock seeds to the grafting and fruiting is short, the time is shortened from 5 years to 4 years in the prior art, and the benefit of a grower can be gained in advance; the production cost of the orchard is reduced, and the investment of nursery stock for building the orchard is reduced by more than 40 percent; can also reduce the difficulty of building the garden of the pear trees and accelerate the popularization speed of new varieties.

2. The cultivation method for the pear trees with early bearing and high yield is convenient for orchard management and mechanized application, simple in technology, strong in operability, easy to manage, and has remarkable economic benefit and popularization and application values.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.

Further, in step 1, the method for cultivating the stock seedling comprises the following steps:

step 1.1: stock seed pretreatment

The method comprises the steps of taking pears or birchleaf pears as stock seeds, soaking the stock seeds in warm water at 50-60 ℃ at the bottom of 10-11 months, continuously stirring, naturally cooling to room temperature, and standing for 6-12 hours to obtain the pretreated stock seeds;

step 1.2: sand storage treatment

Paving 3-5 cm thick wet sand with the water content of 35-50 wt% at the bottom of the sand storage container at the beginning of 11 months, paving 2-3 cm thick stock seeds treated in the step 1.1, paving 3-5 cm thick wet sand with the water content of 35-50 wt%, repeating the steps until the stacking height is 30-45 cm, covering 3-4 cm dry sand on the surface layer, and performing sand storage treatment at the temperature of 2-7 ℃;

step 1.3: nursery treatment

Selecting sandy loam with convenient irrigation and drainage, rich and loose property and pH value of 4.5-7 as a nursery garden; deeply turning 15 days before sowing, leveling and finely harrowing, removing weeds, mixing a base fertilizer and surface soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1, fertilizing, making a bed, and irrigating until the water content of the soil is more than 80 wt%;

step 1.4: seeding

When more than 80% of the amount of the seeds treated by sand storage in step 1.2 are exposed to white, the seeds and dry sand are sown on the bed in step 1.3, every 666.7m²The seeding quantity of the ridge bed is 0.5kg-1.5 kg;

compacting a ridge bed, wherein the soil and miscellaneous fertilizers and turf ash are used according to the mass ratio of (1.5-2): 1, or covering seeds with surface soil, covering a layer of straws on the seeds, and irrigating until the water content of the soil is more than 80 wt%;

step 1.5: transplanting seedlings

Each 666.7m²2000kg-3000kg of organic fertilizer, 40kg-50kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 25kg-30kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied to the seedling transplanting bed as base fertilizers;

transplanting in the evening of sunny days or in the rainy days when 4-5 true leaves grow on the seedlings grown from the seeds in the ridge bed of the step 1.4, wherein the transplanting is carried out every 666.7m²Transplanting 2-2.5 ten thousand seedlings on a transplanting bed, wherein the row spacing is 15cm and the plant spacing is 10 cm;

step 1.6: pinching

And (3) when the seedling of the transplanted seedling in the step (1.5) grows to be 30-40 cm high, leaving 7-8 leaves for pinching, and simultaneously erasing the new shoots sprouting below the grafted part to obtain the stock seedling.

The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: after the cultivation, the diameter of the stock tree in 11 months of the second year is more than 0.7cm, the length of the main root is more than 25cm, the lateral roots are 3-5 and the length is more than 15 cm. The rootstock with the parameters can improve the success rate of subsequent grafting.

Further, in step 1.3, the base fertilizer is applied at a rate of 666.7m per unit²2000kg-3000kg of organic fertilizer, 40kg-50kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 25kg-30kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied to the nursery.

Furthermore, the organic fertilizer is any one of decomposed chicken manure, pig manure, sheep manure and cow manure.

The further beneficial effects of the adoption are as follows: the organic fertilizer can be applied to the nursery.

Furthermore, in the step 1.3, the height of the ridge bed is 15cm-20cm, the width of the ridge bed is 1m-1.2m, and the distance between adjacent ridge beds is 0.3m-0.4 m.

Further, in the step 2, the height of the ridge bed is 30cm-40cm, the width of the ridge bed is 100cm-120cm, and the distance between adjacent ridge beds is 4m-4.5 m.

Further, in step 2, the fertilization is performed every 666.7m²Is applied in orchard

2500kg-3000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer.

The further beneficial effects of the adoption are as follows: the organic fertilizer can be applied to the orchard to be planted.

Further, the pH value when planting in the orchard<7 hours, the fertilization also comprises fertilization of every 666.7m²50kg-80kg of hydrated lime is applied to the orchard.

The further beneficial effects of the adoption are as follows: acid soil can be neutralized by using slaked lime.

Further, in step 3, the volume of the substrate accounts for 2/3 of the volume of the nutrition pot, and the substrate is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 45 to 60 percent of soil, 15 to 20 percent of coconut coir, 15 to 20 percent of organic fertilizer, 7 to 10 percent of rice husk ash, 2.7 to 4.4 percent of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of zinc sulfate, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of magnesium sulfate and 0.1 to 0.2 percent of ferrous sulfate.

The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the matrix is more loose and breathable, has good water storage and drainage performance, can provide necessary nutrient elements required by the growth of the pear seedlings, and ensures that the root systems of the pear seedlings grow well.

The above matrix materials can be purchased commercially, such as coconut coir from Shanghai Gegu agricultural science and technology Co; the organic fertilizer can be purchased from Guilin Car, river and animal husbandry Limited company, wherein the mass percentage content of the organic matter is more than or equal to 60 percent; the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can be purchased from Foquan phosphate fertilizer factory, Inc. of Guizhou province, wherein the mass percentage content of the available phosphorus pentoxide is more than or equal to 15 percent; the zinc sulfate can be purchased from heptahydrate zinc sulfate produced by the limited company of zinc industry of cucurbit island, wherein the mass percentage content of the zinc sulfate is more than or equal to 98 percent; the magnesium sulfate can be obtained from anhydrous magnesium sulfate produced by Mingkai Fine chemical industry Co., Ltd, Wujiang City, wherein the mass percentage of the anhydrous magnesium sulfate is more than or equal to 99 percent; the ferrous sulfate can be purchased from Jiangsu Qinghe chemical company Limited, wherein the mass percentage of the ferrous sulfate heptahydrate is more than or equal to 85 percent.

Further, in step 5, the grafting method is single-bud cutting grafting, and the specific method is as follows: selecting plump buds of scion bases, cutting an inclined plane with the length of 1cm-1.5cm at the position 2cm-2.5cm below the buds, cutting a long inclined plane with the length of 2.5cm-3.5cm at the back of the position 0.5cm below the buds to the top, and shearing the single bud scions from the position 1cm-1.5cm above the buds to obtain single-bud scions with the length of 4cm-4.5 cm;

cutting off a position 12cm-15cm above the root of the stock seedling, selecting a smooth side, clinging to xylem, and vertically cutting off the stock seedling until the depth reaches 3mm-5mm of the xylem, wherein the length of the cut is 2.5cm-3.5cm and is equal to the long inclined plane of the single-bud scion;

the method comprises the steps of rapidly inserting the single-bud scion into a cut of a stock, aligning a long inclined plane of the single-bud scion with a cambium of the cut of the stock, exposing a white line above the cut of the stock, attaching a cortex cut by the stock outside the scion, compressing, binding, and exposing single-bud scion buds, thus completing grafting.

The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: by adopting the method, the grafting success rate is higher.

Further, in step 8.3, the specific method for fertilizing is as follows:

for 3-5 months, each pear tree is sprayed with 15-20 g of urea and 3-4 kg of water every time, and is sprayed once every 7-10 days for 6-8 times;

spraying 200-300 mg/L gibberellic acid solution to the delicate young sprout in late April for 3 times every 10-15 days;

and (3) applying 20g-25g of ternary compound fertilizer to each pear tree every time for 6-8 months, and applying the ternary compound fertilizer once every 10 days and continuously applying the ternary compound fertilizer for 6-8 times.

The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: by adopting the fertilizing method, the height of the pear saplings and the diameter of the trunks in the current year can be respectively ensured to be more than 2.0m and 1.2 cm.

Further, in step 8.4, the specific method for controlling the plant diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:

(1) disease control

Rust, anthracnose, brown spot, black spot and scab: spraying a medicament A or a medicament B once every 10d-15d from the beginning of the full bloom stage to the beginning of 9 months in turn, wherein the medicament A is a mixed solution of 20 mass percent of difenoconazole water dispersible granule 1500-fold liquid, 25 mass percent of prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate 1000-fold liquid, 25 mass percent of tebuconazole suspending agent 4000-fold liquid, 40 mass percent of flusilazole emulsifiable concentrate 2000-fold liquid and 80 mass percent of mancozeb wettable powder 800-fold liquid; the medicament B is a mixed solution of any one of a difenoconazole water dispersible granule 1500-fold liquid with the mass percentage of 20%, a prochloraz missible oil 1000-fold liquid with the mass percentage of 25%, a tebuconazole suspending agent 4000-fold liquid with the mass percentage of 25%, a flusilazole missible oil 2000-fold 3000-fold liquid with the mass percentage of 40% and a propineb wettable powder 600-fold liquid with the mass percentage of 70%;

(2) pest control

Pear gall midge: 10d-15d before germination, pouring 400-fold liquid of phoxim missible oil with the mass percent of 40% and 600-fold on a tree disc for 1 time;

pear aphids: after pear aphids are found, 5% by mass of imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-3000 times liquid or 25% by mass of pymetrozine suspending agent 2000-times liquid is sprayed;

pear psylla: spraying mixed liquid of 24 mass percent of spirotetramat 4000-;

red spider: after the red spiders are found, 150 times of horticultural grade mineral oil 200 times of liquid with the mass percentage of 97 percent and 4000 times of abamectin emulsifiable oil 6000 times of liquid with the mass percentage of 1.8 percent are sprayed at intervals of 15-20 days in turn;

and (3) carrying out Neugu pear: after the coriaria sinica is found, spraying 25g/L deltamethrin emulsifiable 3000-3500-fold liquid.

The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: by adopting the method, good prevention and control effects on plant diseases and insect pests can be achieved.

Further, in step 9.1, the specific method for fertilizing is as follows: applying 1000kg-1500kg of organic fertilizer in each mu of furrow in 1 month; 0.2kg-0.3kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each plant before germination, in the middle of 4 months, in the late of 5 months and in the late of 7 months.

Furthermore, in the ternary compound fertilizer, N, P₂O₅And K₂The mass percentage of O is 15 percent.

The ternary compound fertilizer can be purchased commercially, for example, from Standby agriculture group, Inc.

Further, in step 9.2, the specific method for bud carving is as follows: and 8d-10d before the bud sprouts, winding the buds 1/4-1/3 circles by using a saw blade or a bud carving knife at a position 0.5cm-1.0cm above the buds at the base parts and the middle parts of the pear trees, and slightly carving the buds to xylem.

The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: by adopting the method, the young shoots can be promoted.

Further, in step 9.2, the mass percent of the cyanamide solution is 3.3% -5%.

The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: by adopting the method, the germination rate and the branch forming rate can be improved. Dipping the scratched bud by a brush pen with 3.3-5 mass percent cyanamide solution to wet the scratched bud. The above-mentioned 3.3% -5% cyanamide solution can be prepared by adding water into 50% cyanamide solution, and the 50% cyanamide solution can be purchased from Ningxia Jinhua chemical Co., Ltd.

Further, in step 9.4, the specific method of the base opening angle is as follows: in spring, when the young shoots grow to 25cm-35cm, opening base angles; the branch pulling method comprises the following specific steps: when young shoots grow to 70cm

When the thickness is minus 90cm, the branch is pulled to form an opening angle of 80-90 degrees.

The adoption of the further beneficial effects is as follows: the open base angle generally adopts toothpicks with two sharp ends.

Further, in step 10.1, the specific method for fertilizing is as follows: 1500kg-2000kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of furrow in 1 month, and 0.3kg-0.5kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each plant before germination, in the middle ten days of 4 months, in the last ten days of 5 months and in the last ten days of 7 months.

Detailed Description

The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which are set forth merely to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1

The cultivation method for the pear trees with the early fruiting and the high yield comprises the following steps:

step 1: stock seedling cultivation

Step 1.1: stock seed pretreatment

The method comprises the steps of taking pears as stock seeds, soaking the stock seeds in warm water at 50 ℃ at the bottom of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months in 2014, continuously stirring, naturally cooling to room temperature, and standing for 12 hours to obtain the pretreated stock seeds.

Step 1.2: sand storage treatment

And (3) paving wet sand with the water content of 35 wt% and the thickness of 3cm at the bottom of the sand storage container at the beginning of 11 months, paving the stock seeds treated in the step 1.1 and the thickness of 2cm, paving wet sand with the water content of 35 wt% and the thickness of 3cm, repeating the steps until the stacking height is 30cm, covering dry sand with the thickness of 3cm on the surface layer, and performing sand storage treatment at the temperature of 2 ℃.

Step 1.3: nursery treatment

Selecting sandy loam with convenient irrigation and drainage, rich and loose property and pH value of 4.5-7 as a nursery garden; deeply ploughing 15 days before sowing, leveling and finely harrowing, removing weeds, mixing a base fertilizer and surface soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and then fertilizing, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer is every 666.7m²2000kg of decomposed chicken manure and 40kg of ternary compound fertilizer are applied to the nursery25kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.

And (3) making a ridge bed, wherein the height of the ridge bed is 15cm, the width of the ridge bed is 1m, the distance between adjacent ridge beds is 0.3m, and water is poured until the water content of the soil is more than 80 wt%.

Step 1.4: seeding

When more than 80% of the amount of the seeds treated by sand storage in step 1.2 are exposed to white, the seeds and dry sand are sown on the bed in step 1.3, every 666.7m²The seeding rate of the ridge bed is 0.5 kg.

Compacting a ridge bed, wherein the soil and miscellaneous fertilizer and turf ash are used according to the mass ratio of 1.5: 1, covering a layer of straw on the mixture, and irrigating until the water content of the soil is more than 80 wt%.

Step 1.5: transplanting seedlings

Each 666.7m²2000kg of decomposed chicken manure, 40kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 25kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied to the seedling transplanting bed as base fertilizers.

Transplanting in the evening of sunny days or in the rainy days when 4 true leaves grow on the seedlings grown from the seeds in the ridge bed of the step 1.4, wherein the transplanting is carried out every 666.7m²2 ten thousand seedlings are transplanted on the transplanting bed, the plant spacing is 10cm, and the row spacing is 15 cm.

Step 1.6: pinching

And (3) when the seedling of the transplanted seedling in the step (1.5) grows to be 30cm high, leaving 7-8 leaf pinching cores, and simultaneously erasing the new shoots sprouting below the grafting part to obtain the stock seedling.

Step 2: furrow-leveling fertilizer application

Leveling land in an orchard to be planted, and making a ridge bed, wherein the height of the ridge bed is 30cm, the width of the ridge bed is 100cm, and the distance between every two adjacent ridge beds is 4 m. Each 666.7m²2500kg of decomposed chicken manure is applied to the orchard to obtain the treated ridge-up bed.

And step 3: nutrient bowl treatment

Filling a substrate into a nutrition pot, wherein the volume of the substrate accounts for 2/3 of the volume of the nutrition pot, and the substrate consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 45% of soil, 20% of coconut chaff, 20% of organic fertilizer, 10% of rice husk ash, 4.4% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.2% of zinc sulfate, 0.2% of ferrous sulfate and 0.2% of ferrous sulfate to obtain the treated nutrition pot.

And 4, step 4: scion selection

Collecting annual developing branches or bearing branches with thickness of more than 0.6cm at the periphery of the crown as scions.

And 5: grafting

In the last 11 months of 2015, grafting the scion obtained in the step 4 to the stock seedling obtained in the step 1 by adopting a single-bud cutting grafting method to obtain a pear seedling, which specifically comprises the following steps: selecting plump buds of the scion base, cutting an inclined plane with the length of 1cm at a position 2cm below the buds, cutting a long inclined plane with the length of 2.5cm at the back of a position 0.5cm below the buds to the top, and cutting off the single bud scion from a position 1cm above the buds to obtain a single-bud scion with the length of 4 cm;

cutting off the root of the stock seedling at a position 12cm above the root, selecting a smooth side, and vertically cutting off the smooth side close to the xylem until the depth reaches 3mm of the xylem, wherein the length of the cut is 2.5cm and is equal to the long inclined plane of the single-bud scion;

Step 6: pear seedling treatment

And (5) soaking the root of the pear seedling obtained in the step (5) in 2000 times of naphthylacetic acid solution with the mass percentage concentration of 20% for 5min to obtain the treated pear seedling.

And 7: planting

And (3) planting the treated pear seedlings obtained in the step (6) into the ridge beds treated in the step (2) and the nutrition pots treated in the step (3) respectively according to the quantity ratio of 90: 8.

And 8: first year management of planting

Step 8.1: after germination, if the pear seedlings planted in the ridge bed do not survive, the pear seedlings which survive in the nutrition pot are immediately replaced.

Step 8.2: and (3) removing rootstock sprout in time from 3 months to 4 months in 2016, and allowing pear seedlings to grow vertically when young shoots grow to 25 cm.

Step 8.3: the specific method for fertilizing comprises the following steps:

in 2016, for 3-5 months, 15g of urea and 4kg of water are applied to each pear tree every time, and the urea is applied every 7 days and is applied for 6 times continuously;

spraying 200mg/L gibberellic acid solution to the delicate young sprout in late 4 months in 2016, and spraying for 3 times every 10 days;

in 2016, for 6-8 months, 20g of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each pear tree every time, and the ternary compound fertilizer is applied every 10 days and is applied for 6 times continuously.

Step 8.4: in 2016, 3-10 months, pest control is carried out, and the specific method comprises the following steps:

(1) disease control

Rust, anthracnose, brown spot, black spot and scab: spraying the medicament A or the medicament B once every 10 days from the full bloom stage to the last 9 months in turn, wherein the medicament A is a mixed solution of 20 mass percent of difenoconazole water dispersible granule 1500-fold liquid 2000-fold and 80 mass percent of mancozeb wettable powder 800-fold liquid; the medicament B is a mixed solution of 20 mass percent of difenoconazole water dispersible granule 1500-fold 2000-fold liquid and 70 mass percent of propineb wettable powder 600-fold 700-fold liquid;

(2) pest control

Pear gall midge: 10 days before germination, pouring 400 times of solution of phoxim missible oil with the mass percent of 40% on a tree disc for 1 time;

pear aphids: after pear aphids are found, 2000 times of liquid of imidacloprid wettable powder with the mass percentage of 5% is sprayed;

pear psylla: spraying 1 mixed solution of 24 percent of spirotetramat 4000 times liquid and 4 percent of abamectin suspending agent 4000 times liquid for 20 days after the flower drops reach 80 percent and the flowers are withered;

red spider: after the red spiders are found, 150 times of liquid of horticultural grade mineral oil and 200 times of liquid with the mass percentage of 97 percent are sprayed at intervals of 15 days in turn;

And step 9: planting management in the second year

Step 9.1: the specific method for fertilizing comprises the following steps: applying 1000kg of organic fertilizer in each mu of furrow in 1 month; 0.2kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each plant before germination, in the middle of 4 months in 2017, in the late 5 months in 2017 and in the late 7 months in 2017.

Step 9.2: bud carving

Bud carving is carried out on the pear tree, and the specific method comprises the following steps: at 8d before the bud sprouts germinate, at a position 0.5cm above the buds at the base and the middle of the pear tree, the buds are wound by 1/4 circles by using a saw blade, the buds are slightly carved to xylem, and the wet-carved buds are coated by using a cyanamide solution with the mass percentage of 3.3%.

Step 9.3: leaving 12 bearing branches per plant; selecting 1-2 young shoots with an interval of 15cm from 60cm to the ground, and picking buds or pinching the rest young shoots except the central trunk extension head and the main branch to control the growth vigor.

Step 9.4: opening base angles and branch pulling of young shoots;

the specific method of the open base angle is as follows: in spring, when the young shoots grow to 25cm, opening base angles; the branch pulling method comprises the following specific steps: when the young shoots grow to 70cm, the branch is pulled to form an opening angle of 80 degrees.

Step 9.5: beginning at the beginning of 6 months in 2017, 1500 times of a liquid of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate with the mass percent of 2% is sprayed for 4 times, and the interval is 10 days each time.

Step 9.6: in 2017, in 3-10 months, pest control is carried out, and the method is the same as the step 8.4;

step 10: third year management of planting

Step 10.1: the specific method for fertilizing comprises the following steps: 1500kg of organic fertilizer is applied in each mu of ditch in 1 month, and 0.3kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each plant before germination, in the middle of 4 months in 2018, in the late 5 months in 2018 and in the late 7 months in 2018.

Step 10.2: and spraying 1000 times of boron fertilizer solution with the mass percentage of 20% once in the initial flowering period and the full flowering period respectively.

Step 10.3: each bearing branch has 2-3 fruits, and each bearing branch has 25-40 fruits.

Step 10.4: beginning at the beginning of 6 months in 2018, 1500 times of a liquid of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate with the mass percent of 2% is sprayed for 4 times, and the interval is 10 days each time.

Step 10.5: in 2018, in 3-10 months, pest control is carried out, and the method is the same as the step 8.4;

step 10.6: and 7 to 10 months in 2018, and harvesting.

Example 2

step 1: stock seedling cultivation

Step 1.1: stock seed pretreatment

Taking pyrus betulaefolia as a stock seed, soaking the stock seed in warm water at 55 ℃ at the bottom of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months in 2014, continuously stirring, naturally cooling to room temperature, and standing for 9 hours to obtain the pretreated stock seed.

Step 1.2: sand storage treatment

And (3) paving 4 cm-thick wet sand with the water content of 40 wt% at the bottom of the sand storage container at the beginning of 11 months, paving 3 cm-thick stock seeds treated in the step 1.1, paving 4 cm-thick wet sand with the water content of 40 wt%, repeating the steps until the stacking height is 38cm, covering 4 cm-thick dry sand on the surface layer, and performing sand storage treatment at 5 ℃.

Step 1.3: nursery treatment

Selecting sandy loam with convenient irrigation and drainage, rich and loose property and pH value of 4.5-7 as a nursery garden; deeply ploughing 15 days before sowing, leveling and finely harrowing, removing weeds, mixing a base fertilizer and surface soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and then fertilizing, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer is every 666.7m²2500kg of decomposed pig manure, 45kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 28kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied to a nursery.

And (3) making a ridge bed, wherein the height of the ridge bed is 18cm, the width of the ridge bed is 1.1m, the distance between adjacent ridge beds is 0.4m, and water is poured until the water content of the soil is more than 80 wt%.

Step 1.4: seeding

When more than 80% of the amount of the seeds treated by sand storage in step 1.2 are exposed to white, the seeds and dry sand are sown on the bed in step 1.3, every 666.7m²The seeding rate of the ridge bed is 1.0 kg;

compacting the bed, covering seeds with surface soil, covering a layer of straws on the bed, and irrigating until the water content of the soil is more than 80 wt%;

step 1.5: transplanting seedlings

Each 666.7m²2000kg-3000kg of decomposed pig manure applied to the seedling transplanting bed, and ternary composition40kg-50kg of fertilizer and 25kg-30kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are used as base fertilizers;

transplanting in the evening of sunny days or in the rainy days when 4-5 true leaves grow on the seedlings grown from the seeds in the ridge bed of the step 1.4, wherein the transplanting is carried out every 666.7m²Transplanting 2.2 ten thousand seedlings on a transplanting bed, wherein the row spacing is 15cm and the plant spacing is 10 cm;

step 1.6: pinching

And (3) when the seedling of the transplanted seedling in the step 1.5 grows to 35cm high, leaving 7-8 leaf pinching cores, and simultaneously erasing new shoots sprouting below the grafting part to obtain the stock seedling.

Step 2: furrow-leveling fertilizer application

Leveling land in an orchard to be planted, and making a ridge bed, wherein the height of the ridge bed is 35cm, the width of the ridge bed is 110cm, and the distance between adjacent ridge beds is 4.2 m. Each 666.7m²2800kg of decomposed pig manure is applied to the orchard to obtain the treated furrow bed.

And step 3: nutrient bowl treatment

Filling a substrate into a nutrition pot, wherein the volume of the substrate accounts for 2/3 of the volume of the nutrition pot, and the substrate consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 52.55% of soil, 17.5% of coconut chaff, 17.5% of organic fertilizer, 8.5% of rice husk ash, 3.5% of calcium magnesium phosphate, 0.15% of zinc sulfate, 0.15% of magnesium sulfate and 0.15% of ferrous sulfate, thus obtaining the treated nutrition pot.

And 4, step 4: scion selection

And 5: grafting

In the last 11 months of 2015, grafting the scion obtained in the step 4 to the stock seedling obtained in the step 1 by adopting a single-bud cutting grafting method to obtain a pear seedling, which specifically comprises the following steps: selecting plump buds of scion bases, cutting an inclined plane with the length of 1.2cm at a position 2.2cm below the buds, cutting a long inclined plane with the length of 3.0cm at the back of a position 0.5cm below the buds to the top, and shearing the single bud scions from the position 1.2cm above the buds to obtain single-bud scions with the length of 4.2 cm;

cutting off the root part of the stock seedling at a position 13cm above the root part, selecting a smooth side, and vertically cutting off the smooth side close to the xylem until the depth reaches 4mm of the xylem, wherein the length of a cut is 3.0cm and is equal to the long inclined plane of a single-bud scion;

Step 6: pear seedling treatment

And (5) soaking the root of the pear seedling obtained in the step (5) in 3000 times of naphthylacetic acid solution with the mass percentage concentration of 20% for 5min to obtain the treated pear seedling.

And 7: planting

And (3) planting the treated pear seedlings obtained in the step (6) into the ridge beds treated in the step (2) and the nutrition bowls treated in the step (3) respectively according to the quantity ratio of 91: 9.

And 8: first year management of planting

Step 8.2: and (3) removing rootstock sprout in time from 3 months to 4 months in 2016, and allowing pear seedlings to grow vertically when young shoots grow to 28 cm.

Step 8.3: the specific method for fertilizing comprises the following steps:

in 2016, for 3-5 months, each pear tree is sprayed with 18g of urea and 3.5kg of water every time, and is sprayed once every 9 days for 7 times;

spraying 250mg/L gibberellic acid solution to the delicate young sprout in late 4 months in 2016, and spraying for 3 times every 12 days;

in 2016, for 6-8 months, 22g of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each pear tree every time, and the ternary compound fertilizer is applied every 10 days and is applied for 7 times continuously.

(3) disease control

Rust, anthracnose, brown spot, black spot and scab: spraying a medicament A or a medicament B once every 12 days from the full-bloom stage to the late 9 months in turn, wherein the medicament A is a mixed solution of 3000 times of flusilazole missible oil 2000-fold liquid with the mass percentage of 40% and 800 times of mancozeb wettable powder with the mass percentage of 80%; the medicament B is a mixed solution of 3000 times of 40 mass percent flusilazole missible oil and 70 mass percent propineb wettable powder 600 times of 700 mass percent;

(4) pest control

Pear gall midge: 15d before germination, splashing 500 times of phoxim missible oil with the mass percent of 40% onto a tree disc for 1 time;

pear psylla: spraying 1 mixed solution of 24 percent of the 4000 times liquid of spirotetramat and 4 percent of the 5000 times liquid of abamectin suspending agent for 25 days after the flower drops reach 80 percent and the flowers are withered;

red spider: after the red spiders are found, spraying 200 times of horticultural grade mineral oil solution with the mass percentage of 97% and 6000 times of abamectin missible oil solution with the mass percentage of 1.8% at intervals of 20 days in turn;

and (3) carrying out Neugu pear: after the corium versicolor is found, 3500-fold liquid of deltamethrin missible oil of 25g/L is sprayed.

And step 9: planting management in the second year

Step 9.1: the specific method for fertilizing comprises the following steps: applying 1500kg of decomposed pig manure in a furrow every mu at 1 month; 0.3kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each plant before germination, in the middle of 4 months in 2017, in the late 5 months in 2017 and in the late 7 months in 2017.

Step 9.2: bud carving

Bud carving is carried out on the pear tree, and the specific method comprises the following steps: and (3) winding 1/3 circles around the buds at a position 1.0cm above the buds at the base and the middle of the pear tree 10 days before the buds sprout, slightly carving the buds to xylem, and coating the wet and scratched buds with 5 mass percent cyanamide solution.

Step 9.3: each plant is provided with 15 bearing branches; 1-2 young shoots with the distance of 18cm are selected and reserved from the position 70cm above the ground, and the other young shoots except the central trunk extension head and the main branch are subjected to bud picking or pinching to control the growth vigor.

Step 9.4: opening base angles and branch pulling of young shoots;

the specific method of the open base angle is as follows: in spring, when the young shoots grow to 35cm, opening base angles; the branch pulling method comprises the following specific steps: when the young shoots grow to 90cm, the branch is pulled to form an opening angle of 90 degrees.

Step 9.5: and starting at the beginning of 6 months in 2017, spraying 2000 times of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate solution with the mass percent of 2%, and spraying 4-5 times at intervals of 15 days.

step 10: third year management of planting

Step 10.1: the specific method for fertilizing comprises the following steps: 2000kg of decomposed pig manure is applied to each mu of furrow in 1 month, and 0.5kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each plant before germination, in the middle of 4 months in 2018, in the last 5 months in 2018 and in the last 7 months in 2018.

Step 10.2: 1500 times of boron fertilizer liquid with the mass percentage of 20 percent is sprayed once in the initial flowering period and the full flowering period respectively.

Step 10.4: and (3) spraying 2000 times of a 2% diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate solution in mass percentage from the beginning of 6 months in 2018 for 5 times at intervals of 15 days.

step 10.6: and 7 to 10 months in 2018, and harvesting.

Example 3

step 1: stock seedling cultivation

Step 1.1: stock seed pretreatment

Taking pyrus betulaefolia as a stock seed, soaking the stock seed in warm water at 60 ℃ at the bottom of 10 months to the beginning of 11 months in 2014, continuously stirring, naturally cooling to room temperature, and standing for 6 hours to obtain the pretreated stock seed.

Step 1.2: sand storage treatment

5cm of wet sand with the water content of 50 wt% is paved at the bottom of a sand storage container at the beginning of 11 months in 2014, then 3cm of stock seeds treated in the step 1.1 are paved, 5cm of wet sand with the water content of 50 wt% is paved, and the rest is done until the stacking height is 45cm, 4cm of dry sand is covered on the surface layer, and sand storage treatment is carried out at 7 ℃.

Step 1.3: nursery treatment

Selecting sandy loam with convenient irrigation and drainage, rich and loose property and pH value of 4.5-7 as a nursery garden; deeply ploughing 15 days before sowing, leveling and finely harrowing, removing weeds, mixing a base fertilizer and surface soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and then fertilizing, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer is every 666.7m²3000kg of decomposed sheep manure, 50kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 30kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied to a nursery.

And (3) making a ridge bed, wherein the height of the ridge bed is 20cm, the width of the ridge bed is 1.2m, the distance between adjacent ridge beds is 0.4m, and water is poured until the water content of the soil is more than 80 wt%.

Step 1.4: seeding

When more than 80% of the amount of the seeds treated by sand storage in step 1.2 are exposed to white, the seeds and dry sand are sown on the bed in step 1.3, every 666.7m²The seeding rate of the ridge bed is 1.5 kg;

compacting a ridge bed, wherein the soil and miscellaneous fertilizer and turf ash are used according to the mass ratio of 2: 1, covering the seeds with the mixture prepared by the step 1, covering a layer of straws on the seeds, and irrigating until the water content of the soil is more than 80 wt%;

step 1.5: transplanting seedlings

Each 666.7m²3000kg of decomposed sheep manure, 50kg of ternary compound fertilizer and 30kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied to the seedling transplanting bed as base fertilizers;

transplanting in the evening of sunny days or in the rainy days when 4-5 true leaves grow on the seedlings grown from the seeds in the ridge bed of the step 1.4, wherein the transplanting is carried out every 666.7m²Transplanting 2.5 ten thousand seedlings on a transplanting bed, wherein the row spacing is 15cm and the plant spacing is 10 cm;

step 1.6: pinching

And (3) when the seedling of the transplanted seedling in the step (1.5) grows to 40cm high, leaving 7-8 leaf pinching cores, and simultaneously erasing new shoots sprouting below the grafting part to obtain the stock seedling.

Step 2: furrow-leveling fertilizer application

Leveling soil in an orchard to be planted, and making a ridge bed, wherein the height of the ridge bed is 40cm, the width of the ridge bed is 120cm, and the distance between every two adjacent ridge beds is 4.5 m. Each 666.7m²3000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to the orchard to obtain the treated ridge bed.

And step 3: nutrient bowl treatment

Filling a substrate into a nutrition pot, wherein the volume of the substrate accounts for 2/3 of the volume of the nutrition pot, and the substrate consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 60% of soil, 15% of coconut chaff, 15% of organic fertilizer, 7% of rice husk ash, 2.7% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.1% of zinc sulfate, 0.1% of magnesium sulfate and 0.1% of ferrous sulfate to obtain the treated nutrition pot.

And 4, step 4: scion selection

And 5: grafting

In the last 11 months of 2015, grafting the scion obtained in the step 4 to the stock seedling obtained in the step 1 by adopting a single-bud cutting grafting method to obtain a pear seedling, which specifically comprises the following steps: selecting plump buds of scion bases, cutting an inclined plane with the length of 1.5cm at a position 2.5cm below the buds, cutting a long inclined plane with the length of 3.5cm at the back of a position 0.5cm below the buds to the top, and shearing the single bud scions from the position 1.5cm above the buds to obtain single-bud scions with the length of 4.5 cm;

cutting off a position 15cm above the root of the stock seedling, selecting a smooth side, clinging to xylem, and vertically cutting off the side until the depth reaches 5mm of the xylem, wherein the length of a cut is 3.5cm and is equal to the long inclined plane of a single-bud scion;

Step 6: pear seedling treatment

And (5) soaking the root of the pear seedling obtained in the step (5) in 4000 times of naphthylacetic acid solution with the mass percentage concentration of 20% for 10min to obtain the treated pear seedling.

And 7: planting

And (3) planting the treated pear seedlings obtained in the step (6) into the ridge beds treated in the step (2) and the nutrition pots treated in the step (3) respectively according to the quantity ratio of 92: 8.

And 8: first year management of planting

Step 8.2: and (3) removing rootstock sprout in time from 3 months to 4 months in 2016, and allowing pear seedlings to grow vertically when young shoots grow to 30 cm.

Step 8.3: the specific method for fertilizing comprises the following steps:

in 2016, for 3-5 months, 20g of urea and 4kg of water are applied to each pear tree every time, and the urea is applied every 10 days and is applied for 8 times continuously;

spraying 300mg/L gibberellic acid solution to the delicate young sprout in late 4 months in 2016, and spraying for 3 times every 15 days;

in 2016, for 6-8 months, 25g of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each pear tree every time, and the ternary compound fertilizer is applied every 10 days and is applied for 8 times continuously.

(5) disease control

Rust, anthracnose, brown spot, black spot and scab: spraying a medicament A or a medicament B once every 15 days from the full-bloom stage to the last ten days of 9 months in turn, wherein the medicament A is a mixed solution of 4000 times of a tebuconazole suspending agent with the mass percent of 25% and 800 times of a mancozeb wettable powder with the mass percent of 80%; the medicament B is a mixed solution of 4000 times of tebuconazole suspending agent liquid with the mass percent of 25% and 600 times of 700 times of propineb wettable powder with the mass percent of 70%.

(6) Pest control

Pear gall midge: pouring 500 times of solution of phoxim missible oil with the mass percent of 40% on a tree disc for 1 time 12 days before germination;

pear aphids: after pear aphids are found, 2500 times of liquid of imidacloprid wettable powder with the mass percent of 5% or 2000 times of liquid of pymetrozine suspending agent with the mass percent of 25% is sprayed;

pear psylla: spraying 1 mixed solution of 24 mass percent of spirotetramat 5000 times liquid and 4 mass percent of abamectin suspending agent 5000 times liquid for 30 days after the flower drops reach 80 percent and the flowers are withered;

red spider: after the red spiders are found, spraying 200 times of horticultural grade mineral oil solution with the mass percentage of 97% and 5000 times of abamectin emulsifiable solution with the mass percentage of 1.8% at intervals of 18 days in turn;

and (3) carrying out Neugu pear: after the corigus pyritus is found, 25g/L deltamethrin emulsifiable 3200 times liquid is sprayed.

And step 9: planting management in the second year

Step 9.1: the specific method for fertilizing comprises the following steps: applying 1200kg of organic fertilizer in each mu of furrow in 1 month; 0.25kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each plant before germination, in the middle of 4 months in 2017, in the late 5 months in 2017 and in the late 7 months in 2017.

Step 9.2: bud carving

Bud carving is carried out on the pear tree, and the specific method comprises the following steps: at 9 days before the bud sprouts germinate, at a position 0.8cm above the sprouts at the base and the middle of the pear tree, the buds are wound by 1/4 circles by using a saw blade, the buds are slightly carved to xylem, and the carved buds are coated with 5 mass percent cyanamide solution.

Step 9.3: leaving 13 bearing branches per plant; selecting and reserving 2 new shoots with the distance of 16cm from 65cm to the ground, and picking buds or pinching the rest new shoots except the central trunk extension head and the main branch to control the growth vigor.

Step 9.4: opening base angles and branch pulling of young shoots;

the specific method of the open base angle is as follows: in spring, when the young shoots grow to 30cm, opening base angles; the branch pulling method comprises the following specific steps: when the young shoots grow to 80cm, the branch is pulled to form an opening angle of 85 degrees.

Step 9.5: beginning at the beginning of 6 months in 2017, 1800 times of a liquid of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate with the mass percent of 2% is sprayed for 5 times, and the interval of each time is 12 days.

step 10: third year management of planting

Step 10.1: the specific method for fertilizing comprises the following steps: 1800kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of the seedlings in 1 month, and 0.4kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each plant before germination, in the middle of 4 months in 2018, in the late 5 months in 2018 and in the late 7 months in 2018.

Step 10.2: spraying 1200 times of boron fertilizer liquid with the mass percentage of 20% once in the initial flowering period and the full flowering period respectively.

Step 10.3: each bearing branch has 2-3 fruits, and each bearing branch has 35 fruits.

Step 10.4: beginning at the beginning of 6 months in 2018, 1800 times of a liquid of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate with the mass percent of 2% is sprayed for 4-5 times, and the interval of each time is 12 days.

step 10.6: and 7 to 10 months in 2018, and harvesting.

Comparative example 1: comparison of pear seedlings after grafting of single-bud scions on rootstocks with annual pear seedlings

In 2015, 11 and 2 days, in Guangxi special crop research institute, selecting pears with stems larger than 0.7cm as rootstocks to graft Cuiguan pears, and soaking roots of pear seedlings for 5-10 min by adopting 3000 times of naphthylacetic acid solution with mass percentage concentration of 20% to obtain treated Cuiguan pear seedlings for later use; selecting annual green-crown pear seedlings with the thickness of more than 1.0cm at the position 5cm above a grafting opening for later use; and respectively planting the two pear seedlings on the beds to be planted. After leaves fall in 2016, the heights and thicknesses of two treated pear trees are counted, and the yields are counted in 2018 (the 3 rd year of permanent planting) and 2019 (the 4 th year of permanent planting). The results were analyzed as follows:

1. influence of pear seedlings grafted with single buds and scions on the height of the current-year pear tree after field planting of the pear seedlings and annual pear seedlings

As can be seen from Table 1, the mean height of the Cuiguan pear seedlings grafted with the single-bud scions on the rootstocks is 274.90cm after the seedlings are planted for one year; the average height of the annual Cuiguan pear seedlings after permanent planting for one year is 279.43 cm; the annual green crown pear seedlings are increased by 1.6 percent after growing for one year than the green crown pear seedlings after grafting the single-bud scions on the stocks, and the difference is not obvious.

TABLE 1 annual height statistics table for two kinds of pear trees

2. Influence of pear seedlings grafted with single buds and scions on thickness of current-year pear trees after field planting of annual pear seedlings

As can be seen from Table 2, the mean thickness of the seedlings of Cuiguan pears grafted with the single-bud scions on the rootstocks is 21.69mm after the seedlings are planted for one year; the average thickness of the annual Cuiguan pear seedlings after permanent planting for one year is 18.50 mm; the green-crown pear seedlings after the rootstock grafting the single-bud scions are increased by 3.2 percent compared with annual green-crown pear seedlings after one year of growth, and the difference is not obvious.

TABLE 2 annual thickness statistical table for two kinds of pear trees

3. Influence of pear seedlings grafted with single-bud scions on pear tree yield after field planting of pear seedlings and annual pear seedlings

As can be seen from Table 3, the stand of 2018 years grafted with single-bud scion seedlings of Cuiguan pears and the annual Cuiguan pear trees planted with 666.7m²The average yield is 980.4kg and 995.3kg respectively, and the yield of the annual Cuiguan pear seedlings is increased by 1.52% compared with the Cuiguan pear seedlings which are grafted with single-bud scions and planted with the rootstock; 666.7m pear tree planted with the emerald green-crown pear seedling grafted with the single-bud scion on the stock in 2019 and the annual emerald green-crown pear seedling²The average yield is 2179.7kg and 2132.6kg respectively, and the yield of each mu of the green-crown pear seedlings after the rootstock is grafted with the single-bud scions is increased by 2.21 percent compared with that of annual green-crown pear seedlings after field planting.

TABLE 3 statistical table of pear tree yields planted in two ways (666.7 m)²/kg)

4. Conclusion

The height and thickness of the pear tree planted with the green-crown pear seedling grafted with the single-bud scion by the stock and the annual green-crown pear seedling are not obvious after one year. The green-coronal pear seedlings grafted with the single-bud scions by the rootstocks and the pear trees planted with annual green-coronal pear seedlings for one year can achieve the same effect.

666.7m pear tree planted with emerald green crown pear seedling grafted with single-bud scion in 2018 and 2019 stocks and annual emerald green crown pear seedling²The average yield difference is not obvious, which indicates that 666.7m is generated in 3 rd year and 4 th year after the emerald green crown pear seedlings grafted with the single-bud scions by the rootstocks and the annual emerald green crown pear seedlings are fixedly planted²The average yield can achieve the same effect.

Comparative example 2: comparison of Single cyanamide solution bud coating with non-bud coating

In 2017, 2 and 6 days, in Guangxi special crop research institute, buds of middle and lower branches of annual pear trees are carved, and the carved buds are respectively coated with 5.0%, 3.3% and 2.5% cyanamide solutions for wetting treatment. And in 2017, in 12 and 10 months, counting the number of sprouts, the number of branches, the average length and the thickness of the branch length respectively, and calculating the sprouting rate and the branching rate. The results were analyzed as follows:

1. influence of the solution of cyanamide with different concentrations on the germination rate and the branch formation rate

As can be seen from Table 4, the sprouting rate of the shoots after bud etching was 88.90%, and the sprouting rates of the shoots after bud etching by wetting with 5.0%, 3.3% and 2.5% cyanamide solutions were 100%, 99.21% and 100%, respectively. The percentage of shoot formation after bud cutting was 88.90%, while the percentage of shoot formation after wet coating with 5.0%, 3.3%, 2.5% cyanamide solution was 100%, 99.21%, 100%, respectively.

TABLE 4 statistical table of parameters of germination number, germination rate, branch formation number and branch formation rate in different treatments

2. The influence of the bud carving and the coating of cyanamide solution with different concentrations after the bud carving on the average length and thickness of branches

As can be seen from Table 5, the average length of the shoots after bud cutting was 26.99cm, while the average length of the shoots after bud cutting after wet-coating treatment with 5.0%, 3.3%, 2.5% cyanamide solution was 40.84cm, 39.08cm and 30.69cm, respectively.

TABLE 5 statistical table (cm) of mean length of branches treated differently

As can be seen from Table 6, the average thickness of the shoots after bud carving was 6.23mm, and the average lengths of the shoots after bud carving, which were subjected to the coating treatment with 5.0%, 3.3% and 2.5% by mass of a cyanamide solution, were 7.08mm, 6.76mm and 6.27mm, respectively.

TABLE 6 statistical table (mm) of average thickness of different treated branches

3. Conclusion

The germination rates of the carved buds subjected to the wetting treatment by using 5.0 percent, 3.3 percent and 2.5 percent of cyanamide solution by mass percent are respectively 13.51 percent, 12.61 percent and 13.51 percent higher than those of the carved buds. The branch forming rates of the carved bud subjected to the coating and wetting treatment by using the cyanamide solution with the mass percentage of 5.0%, 3.3% and 2.5% are respectively 13.51%, 12.61% and 13.51% higher than that of the carved bud.

The average lengths of the carved buds subjected to the coating treatment by using 5.0 percent, 3.3 percent and 2.5 percent of cyanamide solution in percentage by mass are respectively 51.3 percent, 44.8 percent and 13.7 percent higher than those of the carved buds. The average thickness of the carved bud subjected to the coating wet treatment by using 5.0 percent, 3.3 percent and 2.5 percent of cyanamide solution in percentage by mass is respectively 13.6 percent, 8.5 percent and 0.6 percent higher than that of the carved bud.

Therefore, after the bud is carved, the germination rate, the branch forming rate, the average length and the thickness of branches can be improved by using the cyanamide solution with the mass percentage of 3.3-5.0% for coating and wetting treatment.

Comparative example 3: comparison of production cost of pear seedlings grafted with single-bud scions on stocks and annual pear seedlings

The method comprises the steps of grafting green-crown pears on bean pears with stems larger than 0.7cm, soaking roots of pear seedlings for 5-10 min by adopting 3000 times of naphthylacetic acid solution with the mass percentage concentration of 20%, comparing the production cost of the treated green-crown pear seedlings with the production cost of annual green-crown pear seedlings with the thickness of 1.0cm above a selected grafting opening, and calculating the planting cost of 15000 stocks per mu.

TABLE 7 statistical table of pear seedling production cost per mu treated differently (Yuan)

Item	Scale of	Method of the prior art	Method of the invention
				Stock management cost	Each mu/year	3000	3000
Stock seedling lifting cost	Each time per mu	0	300
				Cost of grafting	Each time per mu	3000	3000
Nursery stock fertilizing	Each mu/year	534	0
				Weeding for nursery stock	Each mu/year	900	0
Pesticide spraying for nursery stock	Each mu/year	720	0
				Watering for nursery stock	Each mu/year	640	0
Seedling lifting cost	Each time per mu	300	0
				Total up to	Each time per mu	9094	6300

From table 7, the production cost of pear seedlings grafted with single buds and scions on stocks needs 6300 yuan per mu, the pear seedlings produced by the traditional method needs 9094 yuan per mu, and the cost of pear seedlings grafted with single buds and scions on stocks is reduced by 44.35% compared with the pear seedlings produced by the method in the prior art.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. The cultivation method for the early-bearing and high-yield pear trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: stock seedling cultivation

step 2: furrow-leveling fertilizer application

and step 3: nutrient bowl treatment

Filling a substrate into the nutrition pot to obtain a treated nutrition pot;

and 4, step 4: scion selection

and 5: grafting

step 6: pear seedling treatment

and 7: planting

and 8: first year management of planting

Step 8.1: after germination, if the pear seedlings planted in the ridge-up bed do not survive, the pear seedlings which survive in the nutrition pot are immediately replaced;

step 8.3: fertilizing;

step 8.4: controlling pest and disease damage within 3-10 months;

and step 9: planting management in the second year

Step 9.1: fertilizing;

step 9.2: bud carving

step 9.4: opening base angles and branch pulling of young shoots;

step 10: third year management of planting

Step 10.1: fertilizing;

step 10.6: and (7) harvesting after 7-10 months.

2. The cultivation method for the pear tree with the early bearing and the high yield according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the method for cultivating the stock seedling comprises the following steps:

step 1.1: stock seed pretreatment

step 1.2: sand storage treatment

step 1.3: nursery treatment

step 1.4: seeding

step 1.5: transplanting seedlings

step 1.6: pinching

3. The cultivation method for the pear trees with the early fruiting and the high yield according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the volume of the substrate accounts for 2/3 of the volume of the nutrition pot, and the substrate is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 45 to 60 percent of soil, 15 to 20 percent of coconut coir, 15 to 20 percent of organic fertilizer, 7 to 10 percent of rice husk ash, 2.7 to 4.4 percent of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of zinc sulfate, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of magnesium sulfate and 0.1 to 0.2 percent of ferrous sulfate.

4. The pear tree early-fruiting high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the grafting method is single-bud cutting grafting, and the specific method is as follows: selecting plump buds of scion bases, cutting an inclined plane with the length of 1cm-1.5cm at the position 2cm-2.5cm below the buds, cutting a long inclined plane with the length of 2.5cm-3.5cm at the back of the position 0.5cm below the buds to the top, and shearing the single bud scions from the position 1cm-1.5cm above the buds to obtain single-bud scions with the length of 4cm-4.5 cm;

5. The cultivation method for the pear trees with the early bearing and the high yield according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 8.3, the specific method for applying the fertilizer is as follows:

6. The cultivation method for the pear trees with the early fruiting and the high yield according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 8.4, the specific method for preventing and treating the diseases and the insect pests is as follows:

(1) disease control

(2) pest control

pear psylla: spraying mixed liquid of 24 mass percent of spirotetramat 4000-;

7. The cultivation method for the pear trees with the early bearing and the high yield according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 9.1, the specific method for applying the fertilizer is as follows: applying 1000kg-1500kg of organic fertilizer in each mu of furrow in 1 month; 0.2kg-0.3kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each plant before germination, in the middle of 4 months, in the late of 5 months and in the late of 7 months.

8. The cultivation method for the pear trees with the early bearing and the high yield according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 9.2, the specific method for carving the buds is as follows: 8d-10d before the bud sprouts, winding the buds 1/4-1/3 circles by using a saw blade or a bud carving knife at a position 0.5cm-1.0cm above the buds at the base parts and the middle parts of the pear trees, and slightly carving the buds to xylem; the mass percentage of the cyanamide solution is 3.3% -5%.

9. The cultivation method for the pear trees with the high early-fruiting yield according to the claim 1, wherein in the step 9.4, the specific method for opening the base angle is as follows: in spring, when the young shoots grow to 25cm-35cm, opening base angles; the branch pulling method comprises the following specific steps: when the young shoots grow to 70cm-90cm, the branches are pulled to form an opening angle of 80-90 degrees.

10. The cultivation method for the early-bearing and high-yield pear trees according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein in the step 10.1, the specific method for fertilizing is as follows: 1500kg-2000kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each mu of furrow in 1 month, and 0.3kg-0.5kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each plant before germination, in the middle ten days of 4 months, in the last ten days of 5 months and in the last ten days of 7 months.