CN113170711A - Sand land cultivation method of astragalus membranaceus - Google Patents
Sand land cultivation method of astragalus membranaceus Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a sand cultivation method of astragalus, which comprises transplanting seedlings and fertilizing; the plant spacing of transplanting a plurality of seedlings is 15cm, and the row spacing is 40 cm; the fertilizing position of each seedling comprises the position below the seedling and the two sides of the seedling. The fertilizing and cultivating method can greatly improve the yield of the astragalus, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of the astragalus and the content of astragaloside, and lead the astragalus to have good root system shape and excellent quality. According to the fertilizing and cultivating method, precise fertilization is realized through specific planting density and fertilizing mode, and regulation and control of nutrients in the root layer of the astragalus membranaceus are promoted; meanwhile, the fertilizer has positive effects on migration and transformation of available nutrients in soil, growth of plant roots and nutrient absorption, and can coordinate fertilizer nutrient input and nutrient requirements of astragalus membranaceus; the scientific and economic fertilization position and depth are also determined, the problems of mechanical cost and labor input are solved, and the production cost is greatly reduced while the high-quality astragalus membranaceus is planted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a sand cultivation method of astragalus membranaceus.
Background
Astragalus membranaceus is a common medicinal plant, and has the functions of enhancing the immune function of the organism, protecting the liver, promoting urination, resisting aging, resisting stress, reducing blood pressure and resisting a wide range of bacteria. The main effective components in astragalus root mainly include astragaloside, flavone, phenolic acid substances and the like, and the content of the astragaloside determines the quality of the astragalus root. The content of the effective components is mainly determined by the cultivation and planting process of the astragalus.
With the rapid development of ecological agriculture in China, higher requirements are also placed on the sustainable production and ecological planting requirements of the medicinal crop cultivation technology. The astragalus, especially the Mongolia astragalus, is cool in nature, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, heat-resistant, waterlogging-resistant, and suitable for being planted in sandy loam with deep soil layer, rich humus and strong water permeability, and is a xerophyte. It is mainly distributed in the areas of mountain grassland, bush, forest edge, ditch edge, etc. in inner Mongolia, such as Xiongbai Tinli, Keshikeng Huanggang, and Baiyin Aogou, Yanshan mountain, Daqingshan, Manghan mountain, Xiaowutaishan, Hengshan, Wutaishan, and Lulianshan in North China. Aiming at the actual current situations that the prior astragalus mongholicus seedling culture cultivation technology lags behind, the utilization rate of water and fertilizer is low, the yield is emphasized in production, and the medicinal ingredients are ignored, and the like, the problems are urgently needed to be solved in the prior cultivation technology.
In agricultural planting, reasonable planting density can optimize the group structure of crops, coordinate individual growth and improve the utilization rate of resources. However, when astragalus membranaceus is planted in actual artificial cultivation, the situation that the design of planting density is not scientific generally exists, a potential yield-increasing space is excavated in order to pursue yield blindly, planting is often implemented by adopting a mode of continuously increasing the planting density, and close planting is also an effective way for increasing the crop yield which is generally accepted nowadays. However, the yield increase achieved by close planting is in a certain range, competition is caused by overhigh density, the activity of root systems is reduced, the functions of leaves are declined, the effective photosynthetic radiation and the light transmittance are reduced, and the physiological functions of crops are reduced. Particularly for medicinal plants such as astragalus, the density not only influences the yield and physiological functions, but also influences the synthetic accumulation of secondary metabolites to suffer from stress. In the research, the biomass of a single plant is reduced when astragalus membranaceus is planted in an increased density, but the accumulation of pharmacodynamic active ingredients such as total flavonoids and total phenolic acids is increased.
In addition, in the prior art, a uniform standard for a high-yield and high-efficiency fertilization mode of astragalus membranaceus is not available. In the aspects of fertilization modes and positions of various crops, most of the traditional fertilization modes are broadcast application, and the problems of low fertilizer utilization rate, weak nutrient supply in root areas, nutrient loss, environmental pollution and the like mainly exist in the broadcast application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a sand cultivation method of astragalus membranaceus.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the invention provides a sand cultivation method of astragalus, which comprises the steps of transplanting seedlings and fertilizing; the plant spacing of transplanting a plurality of seedlings is 15cm, and the row spacing is 40 cm; the fertilizing position of each seedling comprises the position below the seedling and the two sides of the seedling.
Furthermore, the vertical distance range between the fertilizing position below the seedling and the ground is 5 cm-15 cm, the horizontal distance range between the fertilizing positions on the two sides of the seedling and the seedling is 4.5 cm-5.5 cm, and the fertilizing positions cover the soil.
Further, the fertilizing positions on the two sides of the seedling are symmetrical about the seedling.
Further, the vertical distance between the fertilization position below the seedling and the ground is 10 cm; the fertilizing positions at the two sides of the seedling are respectively 5cm away from the seedling.
Further, the step of fertilizing comprises the first fertilizing and the additional fertilizing, and the using amount of the two fertilizing is equal.
Further, in the fertilizing step, the dosage of each fertilization is 50 kg/mu.
Furthermore, the fertilizing amount of the three positions below and on the two sides of each seedling is equal during each fertilizing.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a sandy land block to be planted, ploughing and applying fertilizer for the first time; fertilizing at a position with a vertical distance of 5-15 cm from the ground according to the plant spacing and the row spacing;
2) transplanting the seedlings, wherein the transplanting position corresponds to the fertilizing position in the step 1);
3) after transplanting, fertilizing the fertilizing positions on the two sides of each seedling, and irrigating; at this time, the first fertilization is completed;
4) after the seedlings grow new seedlings, performing additional fertilization on the fertilization positions below and on the two sides of each seedling again, and irrigating again;
5) and harvesting the rootstocks after the seedlings grow until the overground parts of the seedlings wither.
Further, in the step 1), the transplanting mode of the seedlings is horizontal planting.
Further, each fertilizing position in the step 1) corresponds to a midpoint position of each seedling.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) by adopting the fertilizing and cultivating method, the yield of the astragalus can be greatly improved;
2) by adopting the fertilizing and cultivating method, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and the content of astragaloside can be effectively improved, so that the astragalus has high medicinal value;
3) by adopting the fertilizing and cultivating method, the astragalus has good root system shape and excellent quality;
4) according to the fertilizing and cultivating method, precise fertilization is realized through specific planting density and fertilizing mode, and regulation and control of nutrients in the root layer of the astragalus membranaceus are promoted; meanwhile, the fertilizer has positive effects on migration and transformation of available nutrients in soil, growth of plant roots and nutrient absorption, and can coordinate fertilizer nutrient input and nutrient requirements of astragalus membranaceus;
5) the fertilizing and cultivating method of the invention determines the scientific and economic fertilizing position and depth, saves the problems of mechanical cost and labor input, and greatly reduces the production cost while realizing the planting of the high-quality astragalus membranaceus.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the Astragalus membranaceus seedling of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the Astragalus membranaceus seedling planting of the present invention.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1. fertilizing position under the seedling, 2 fertilizing position on one side of the seedling, 3 seedling;
l1, distance between the fertilizing position at the lower side of the seedling and the ground;
l2, and the horizontal distance between the fertilizing positions on the two sides of the seedling and the seedling.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The sand cultivation method of the astragalus comprises the steps of transplanting seedlings and fertilizing; the plant spacing for transplanting the multiple seedlings is 15cm, and the row spacing is 40 cm; the fertilizing position of each seedling comprises the lower part and two sides of the seedling; wherein under the seedling is under and in contact with the seedling.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1-2, the fertilizing positions at two sides of the seedling comprise two fertilizing positions 2 at one side of the seedling; for the seedling 3, fertilizing at a fertilizing position 1 at the lower side of the seedling and a fertilizing position 2 at one side of two seedlings respectively; and the vertical distance between the fertilizing position 1 at the lower side of the seedling and the ground is L1, the range of L1 is 5 cm-15 cm, the horizontal distance between the fertilizing positions 2 at one side of the two seedlings and the seedling 3 is L2, the range of L2 is 4.5 cm-5.5 cm, and the fertilizing positions cover the soil.
Preferably, the two seedling-side fertilizing positions 2 of the seedling 3 are symmetrical with respect to the seedling 3.
Preferably, the vertical distance between the fertilization position 1 at the lower side of the seedling 3 and the ground is 10 cm; the distances between the fertilizing positions 2 at one sides of the two seedlings and the seedlings 3 are respectively 5 cm.
The steps of the fertilization of the invention comprise the first fertilization and the additional fertilization, and the dosages of the two fertilization are equal; and the fertilizing amount of the three positions under and on the two sides of each seedling 3 is equal during each fertilizing.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a sandy land block to be planted, ploughing, and applying farmyard manure as a basic fertilizer at a fertilizing amount of 1000 kg/mu; and then, fertilizing for the first time, specifically, firstly, applying the compound fertilizer and the fertilizer synergist at the position with the vertical distance of 5-15 cm from the ground according to the plant spacing and the row spacing.
2) And (3) cultivating the seedlings in a horizontal planting mode at the fertilizing position in the step 1), wherein the transplanting depth of the seedlings is 5-15 cm.
3) After transplanting, fertilizing the fertilizing positions on the two sides of each seedling, wherein the applied fertilizers are compound fertilizers and fertilizer synergists; irrigating after fertilizing; at this point, the first fertilization is complete.
4) After the seedlings grow new seedlings, top dressing is carried out on the fertilizing positions below and on the two sides of each seedling again, and the top dressing amount is equal to the fertilizing amount in the step 3); and water is refilled.
5) And harvesting the rootstocks after the seedlings grow until the overground parts of the seedlings wither.
The method is particularly suitable for a planting mode of horizontally transplanting the astragalus membranaceus seedlings in a sand environment, wherein horizontal transplanting is a horizontal planting mode; the horizontal planting has the function of dwarfing plants, thereby lightening the lodging of the plants, improving the ventilation condition and effectively reducing the morbidity. The method also provides a technical basis for properly increasing the planting density and improving the yield per unit area. The horizontal planting lengthens the stalks buried underground, increases the implantation parts of the roots of the plants, and leads the roots of the astragalus root which is horizontally planted to be obviously developed compared with the direct planting. Therefore, the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients are obviously improved, which is reflected in that the seedling recovery is fast, the survival rate is high, the organic substances are accumulated more, the maturity is early and the yield is high in the seedling stage.
The application amount of each time is 50 kg/mu, and the adopted fertilizers are a compound fertilizer and a fertilizer synergist, wherein the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the application amount is 42.5 kg/mu, and the application amount of the fertilizer synergist is 7.5 kg/mu.
Compared with the traditional method, the fertilization step is divided into two steps, so that the fertilizer can be effectively utilized, and the absorption rate of astragalus membranaceus on the fertilizer is increased.
The sand cultivation method of astragalus membranaceus is particularly suitable for astragalus mongholicus which is a Mongolia variety.
Examples
Verification experiments prove that the fertilizing and cultivating method has remarkable effect.
In this example, astragalus mongholicus is grouped and planted according to different cultivation and fertilization methods, and after harvesting, the yield, nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, astragaloside content, effective root length and root morphology evaluation of each group of astragalus mongholicus are respectively determined.
The planting place of each experimental group in this example is the inner Mongolia Xilinle muddy Dasha.
The specific planting method of each experimental group in this embodiment is that astragalus mongholicus seedlings are transplanted in a horizontal planting mode in spring, and fertilization and irrigation are performed according to different fertilization positions and fertilization amounts; harvesting after the overground part withers; wherein, the mode of water filling is a conventional mode.
In this example, when the yield comparison is performed, a comparative example is set; the comparative example is the yield of astragalus mongholicus planted by a traditional planting method on the ground for one year; the traditional planting mode specifically comprises the steps of transplanting astragalus mongholicus seedlings to sand land at a density of about 20 x 40cm, and fertilizing in a broadcasting mode, wherein the transplanting mode is a mode of mixing horizontal planting and vertical planting, and the fertilizing amount is about 80-120 kg/mu; since the local traditional planting method has no strict flow, the embodiment can only compare the specific yield of the year.
The specific grouping manner of this embodiment is to divide astragalus mongholicus seedlings into a low-density experimental group, a medium-density experimental group and a high-density experimental group according to different planting densities, and the density corresponding to each experimental group is respectively plant spacing × row spacing: 10 × 40cm, 15 × 40cm, 20 × 40 cm; in each experimental group, the astragalus mongholicus seedlings are further divided into examples 1-6, examples 2-1-6 and examples 3-1-6 according to different fertilization modes; the different fertilization modes are broadcast application, mixed strip application of seed fertilizers, single-side application of seedlings, application under the seedlings, and cross application under the seedlings and on two sides, wherein the horizontal distance from the fertilization position on the side of the seedlings to the seedlings is 5cm (the error range is +/-0.5 cm), and the distances from the fertilization position under the seedlings to the ground are 5cm, 10cm and 15cm respectively.
In the embodiment, the total amount of fertilizer application of each experimental group is 100 kg/mu, and the total amount is taken as the total amount; wherein, the broadcast application and the strip application are only applied once, and the fertilizer consumption is the full amount; when the seedlings are applied on one side and the lower side of the seedlings respectively, the application is divided into two times, the first application is 2/3 with the total amount, and the dosage of the top dressing is 1/3 with the total amount; when the seedlings are applied under and on two sides in a crossed manner, the application is divided into two times, the application amount of the first time is 1/2 of the total amount, and the application is carried out in three equal parts at three application points during each application.
The grouping of each example is specifically shown in tables 1 to 3:
TABLE 1 examples of different fertilization modes of low-density experimental group for astragalus mongholicus seedlings
TABLE 2 examples of different fertilization modes of density test group in Astragalus mongholicus seedlings
TABLE 3 examples of different fertilization modes of density test group in Astragalus mongholicus seedlings
In this example, the yield of astragalus mongholicus in each experimental group after harvest is shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 Astragalus root production (kg/mu) of each example
As can be seen from table 4, in the three density experimental groups, the yields of astragalus mongholicus planted under the seedlings and on the two sides of the seedlings are alternately applied, and the distances from the fertilizing positions under the seedlings to the ground are 5cm and 10cm, which are the two highest yields in the corresponding experimental groups.
For the low density experimental group (10X 40cm), the yield of the Mongolian astragalus root of each example is not more than 25% compared with the control group, and the yield of the examples 1-6 with the highest yield is improved by 24.3% compared with the comparative example.
For a medium density experimental group (15 multiplied by 40cm), the yield of each embodiment is greatly improved, and the yield is increased by more than 50%; among them, examples 2-5 with higher yields improved by 67.5%, and examples 2-6 with the highest yields improved by 76.3%.
For the high density experimental group (20X 40cm), the yield of Mongolian milkvetch root of each example was more than 25%, but not more than 30%. Among these, the higher yields of examples 3-5 improved 25.25% and the highest yields of examples 3-5 improved 27.30%.
The results of the above experiments show that the fertilization mode and the planting density are two important factors of the yield of the astragalus mongholicus, wherein the astragalus mongholicus is planted in a medium-density (15 x 40cm) mode, the lower part of the seedling and the two sides of the seedling in the embodiments 2-6 are alternately applied, and the fertilization positions below the seedling are respectively 10cm away from the ground, so that the yield of the astragalus mongholicus can be greatly increased.
In this example, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and the astragaloside content were measured for each example with higher yield in each experimental group.
The method for measuring the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer comprises the steps of measuring soil samples of root zone soil nutrient changes under different planting modes by respectively taking 20cm root zone soil beside crops after seedling planting, after seedling emergence and in the early stage of harvesting, removing impurity root systems after sampling, air-drying, grinding and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve. Then, the total nitrogen content, CaCl, is respectively measured by a Kjeldahl method2And (4) carrying out quick-acting nitrogen content analysis by using an AA3 type flow injection analyzer after the solution is leached, wherein the ratio of the latter to the former is the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer.
In addition, phosphorus and potassium were measured in this example to examine the utilization rate of both, and the measurement method was 0.5mol/L NaHCO3Carrying out quick-acting phosphorus determination analysis by a molybdenum blue colorimetric method after leaching; NH (NH)4OAC extraction, and performing quick-acting potassium determination analysis by flame photometry.
The astragaloside IV is determined by randomly taking Mongolian radix astragali samples of different experimental groups in examples to be tested in 6-10 months, cleaning with distilled water, wiping off plants with gauze, deactivating enzyme in oven at 105 deg.C, oven drying at 70 deg.C to constant weight, pulverizing, sieving with 100 mesh sieve, and sealing with self-sealing bag. The astragaloside IV is determined by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography according to the quality inspection item of radix astragali specified in the section of 2015 edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia.
The results of the measurements of nitrogen fertilizer utilization and astragaloside content are shown in table 5:
TABLE 5 results of nitrogen fertilizer utilization and astragaloside determination of Astragalus mongholicus in examples with higher yield
As can be seen from the measurement results in table 5, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of both examples of the middle density experimental group (15 × 40cm) was significantly higher than that of the low density experimental group (10 × 40cm) and that of the high density experimental group (20 × 40cm) compared between the experimental groups; further comparing the results of the tests of examples 2-5 with those of examples 2-6, it can be seen that the nitrogen fertilizer utilization of examples 2-6 is significantly higher than that of examples 2-5. Therefore, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the astragalus mongholicus can be obviously improved by adopting the planting density with the plant spacing multiplied by the row spacing of 15 multiplied by 40cm and combining the fertilization mode of cross application under the seedlings and on the two sides under the seedlings; moreover, when the distance between the fertilization position below the seedling and the ground is 10cm, the obtained Mongolian radix astragali has the optimal nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, and meanwhile, the utilization rate of phosphorus and potassium in the radix astragali in the embodiment is also the highest; therefore, by adopting the fertilization cultivation mode, the input of fertilizer nutrients can be effectively coordinated, the fertilization dosage and the maximization of meeting the requirement of astragalus mongholicus on the nutrients are organically combined, and the efficient utilization of the fertilizer is realized.
As can be seen from the measurement results in Table 5, the astragaloside content of the two examples of the medium density experimental group (15X 40cm) is significantly higher than that of the low density experimental group (10X 40cm) and that of the high density experimental group (20X 40cm) compared between the experimental groups; further comparing the results of the measurements of examples 2-5 with those of examples 2-6, it can be seen that the astragaloside content of examples 2-6 is significantly higher than that of examples 2-5.
Specifically, the content of astragaloside is not less than 0.04% in the pharmaceutical standard specified in the national pharmacopoeia, and the astragaloside content of two examples of a low-density experimental group (10 × 40cm) only barely reaches the standard; although the astragaloside content of two examples of a high-density experimental group (20X 40cm) is slightly increased, the astragaloside content still does not exceed 0.05 percent and is maintained at a common level; in contrast, both examples of the medium density test group (15 × 40cm) exceeded 0.06%, in particular up to 0.097% in examples 2-6, which was significantly higher than the other examples and also significantly higher than the standards specified in the "national pharmacopoeia".
Therefore, the astragalus mongholicus content of the astragalus mongholicus can be obviously improved by adopting the planting density with the plant spacing multiplied by the row spacing of 15 multiplied by 40cm and combining the fertilizing mode of cross application under the seedlings and on the two sides of the seedlings; and when the distance between the fertilizing position below the seedling and the ground is 10cm, the content of astragaloside is the highest; therefore, by adopting the fertilization cultivation method, the nutrient absorption and metabolism of the roots of the Mongolian astragalus can be greatly influenced, and the content of the astragaloside in the Mongolian astragalus is greatly accumulated, so that the medicinal value of the Mongolian astragalus is obviously improved.
In this example, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and the astragaloside content were measured for each example with higher yield in each experimental group.
Regarding the effective root length and root morphology, the astragalus mongholicus of examples 2-6 of the medium density experimental group (15 × 40cm) had the shortest effective root length, and meanwhile, the maximum root diameter was 12.52cm, the accumulation of each nutrient component in the root zone of the crop was the highest, and the root was the best root in the three experimental groups.
The results of the verification experiments in the above examples can show that astragalus mongholicus planted by adopting a fertilizing mode that the plant spacing is 15 x 40cm, the plant spacing and the row spacing are applied in a crossed manner under the seedlings and two side faces, and the distances between the fertilizing positions under the seedlings and the ground are respectively 10cm, has high yield, high nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and high astragaloside content, and has good root and stem quality and good medicinal value.
According to the cultivation method, the precision fertilization is realized through the planting density and the fertilization mode, and the yield is improved through regulating and controlling the nutrients of the root layer of the Mongolian astragalus; meanwhile, the fertilizer application position and depth influence the migration and conversion of available nutrients in soil, the root growth of astragalus membranaceus and nutrient absorption, and the fertilizer nutrient input and the nutrient demand of astragalus membranaceus are coordinated, so that the utilization rate of a nitrogen fertilizer is effectively improved, and the content of astragaloside is also obviously improved.
In addition, the cultivation method of the invention can save mechanical cost and labor input, and greatly reduce production cost.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A sand cultivation method of astragalus is characterized by comprising the steps of transplanting seedlings and fertilizing;
the plant spacing of transplanting a plurality of seedlings is 15cm, and the row spacing is 40 cm; the fertilizing position of each seedling comprises the position below the seedling and the two sides of the seedling.
2. The sand cultivation method of Astragalus membranaceus as claimed in claim 1,
the vertical distance range between the fertilizing position below the seedling and the ground is 5 cm-15 cm, the horizontal distance range between the fertilizing positions on the two sides of the seedling and the seedling is 4.5 cm-5.5 cm, and the fertilizing positions cover the soil.
3. The sand cultivation method of astragalus membranaceus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the fertilization positions on both sides of the seedling are symmetrical about the seedling.
4. The sand cultivation method of astragalus membranaceus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the vertical distance between the fertilization position below the seedling and the ground is 10 cm; the fertilizing positions at the two sides of the seedling are respectively 5cm away from the seedling.
5. The method for cultivating astragalus membranaceus in a sandy land according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fertilizing step comprises first fertilizing and additional fertilizing, and the application amount of the first fertilizing and the additional fertilizing is equal to that of the second fertilizing.
6. The sand cultivation method of astragalus membranaceus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the fertilizer is applied in an amount of 50 kg/mu each time.
7. The sand cultivation method of astragalus membranaceus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the amount of fertilizer applied to the three positions below and on the two sides of each seedling is equal for each fertilization.
8. The sand cultivation method of astragalus membranaceus as claimed in claim 5, further comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a sandy land block to be planted, ploughing and applying fertilizer for the first time; fertilizing at a position with a vertical distance of 5-15 cm from the ground according to the plant spacing and the row spacing;
2) transplanting the seedlings, wherein the transplanting position corresponds to the fertilizing position in the step 1);
3) after transplanting, fertilizing the fertilizing positions on the two sides of each seedling, and irrigating; at this time, the first fertilization is completed;
4) after the seedlings grow new seedlings, performing additional fertilization on the fertilization positions below and on the two sides of each seedling again, and irrigating again;
5) and harvesting the rootstocks after the seedlings grow until the overground parts of the seedlings wither.
9. The sand cultivation method of astragalus membranaceus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the seedlings are transplanted in a horizontal mode in step 1).
10. The sand cultivation method of astragalus membranaceus as claimed in claim 8, wherein each fertilizing position in step 1) corresponds to a midpoint position of each seedling.
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