CN108391571B - High-yield cultivation method for peanuts in desert area - Google Patents

High-yield cultivation method for peanuts in desert area Download PDF

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CN108391571B
CN108391571B CN201810304852.8A CN201810304852A CN108391571B CN 108391571 B CN108391571 B CN 108391571B CN 201810304852 A CN201810304852 A CN 201810304852A CN 108391571 B CN108391571 B CN 108391571B
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fertilizer
peanuts
peanut
water
soil
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CN108391571A (en
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邹晓霞
张晓军
王铭伦
王月福
鲁成凯
杨洪坤
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Qingdao Agricultural University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield cultivation method for peanuts in a desert area. The method comprises the following technical points: (1) selecting a standard for a land parcel; (2) reclaiming sandy land; (3) supplying water and fertilizer before sowing; (4) sowing management; (5) covering a mulching film; (6) after sowing, supplying water and fertilizer for the peanuts in different growth periods; (7) and (4) chemical regulation. The method can be used for planting peanuts in desert areas, and has high yield and good economic benefit; meanwhile, the method has the advantages of improving the soil structure of the desert area, improving the soil fertility and enhancing the erosion resistance of the soil, and has the effects of preventing wind and fixing sand, reducing water and soil loss and cultivating the soil.

Description

High-yield cultivation method for peanuts in desert area
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a method for high-yield cultivation of peanuts in northwest desert areas.
Background
Land desertification is one of the hot spots and difficult problems in the global ecological field. China is one of the countries with large desertification areas and the most serious harm in the world, and the national desertification land area is 261.16 ten thousand square kilometers and occupies 27.20 percent of the national soil area; the desertification land area is 172.12 ten thousand square kilometers, and occupies 17.93 percent of the national soil area; the land area with obvious desertification tendency is 30.03 ten thousand square kilometers, and occupies 3.12 percent of the national soil area. The desertification land area which is actually and effectively treated is 20.37 ten thousand square kilometers, which accounts for 11.8 percent of the desertification land area, the desertification land soil loses vegetation protection, the earth surface is bare, the fertility is reduced, the ecological safety of nearly half of the soil in the north of China is seriously influenced, and the sustainable development of economy and society is restricted. Aiming at the desertification problem, on the basis of effective treatment and strict protection, the advantages of light, heat, land and other resources in the sand area are fully exerted, the special industry in the sand area is developed according to local conditions, the resources in the sand area are reasonably developed and utilized, and the income of farmers is increased.
The existing plants capable of growing in desert areas mainly comprise cactus plants, which are basically mainly ornamental, and compared with crops, the cactus plants have slow growth speed and cannot be used as commercial crops like the crops. Cistanche deserticola is a famous and precious Chinese medicinal material, has the reputation of desert ginseng, but has long production years and must be parasitic on the root of the haloxylon ammodendron. Patent CN106416869A "a technology for cultivating red dates in arid and semi-arid regions" discloses that planting red dates in arid and semi-arid regions can produce economic benefits, but more depends on the shielding effect of plants to play the role of wind prevention and sand fixation, and does not improve the local soil structure.
The peanut is one of the main oil and economic crops in China, has strong adaptability to soil, can be symbiotic with rhizobium on roots, can fix nitrogen in the air for the peanut to utilize, and has strong barrenness resistance; the peanut water consumption is far less than that of crops such as corn, wheat, cotton and the like, is called as a camel in the crop field and has stronger drought resistance; the peanut has high economic value, the kernel contains rich fat and protein, the peanut can be processed into various peanut products besides oil extraction, and the straw has rich nutrient substances and can be used as high-quality livestock and poultry feed.
Although peanuts have strong adaptability to soil, the peanut planting in China is mainly distributed in places such as Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning, Guangdong and Sichuan, the planting area in the western region is small, and the peanut planting in the desert region does not basically exist, because the peanut production is greatly influenced by factors such as weather conditions, soil fertility, water conservancy conditions and cultivation techniques, and the factors are more obviously influenced in the western region, particularly in the desert region. .
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the current situation that the existing peanuts are difficult to cultivate in the desert area, the invention aims to provide a high-yield peanut cultivation method suitable for the desert area, the method not only enables the peanuts to have high yield in the desert area, the peanut yield per hectare of land reaches more than 4200kg, but also can play a role in cultivating the peanut seed land, improve the local soil structure, improve the soil fertility, enhance the soil erosion resistance and improve the desert ecological environment.
In order to achieve the above objects of the present invention, extensive experimental studies have been made without diligent effort, and the following technical solutions have been finally obtained: a high-yield cultivation method for peanuts in desert areas comprises the following technical points:
(1) land selection criteria: during peanut sowing, the effective accumulated temperature of 5cm ground temperature more than or equal to 12 ℃ is more than 116 ℃, the accumulated temperature during growth period is as follows: the late-maturing peanuts are 3300-3600 ℃, the medium-maturing temperature is 2850-3100 ℃, the early-maturing temperature is 2700-3000 ℃, and the frost-free period is more than 130 days;
(2) reclamation of sandy land: leveling the selected sand; deep ploughing is carried out on the same land before sowing in the next year;
(3) supplying water and fertilizer before sowing: soil moisture making and fertilizing are firstly carried out during sowing, the soil wetting depth is 28-32cm, and 180-year/ha of special peanut fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer is applied;
(4) sowing management: ridging and sowing peanuts, namely one ridge and two rows, wherein the row spacing is 23-27cm, the plant spacing is 23-27cm, and performing single-seed precision sowing;
(5) covering with a mulching film: after the peanut is sowed, spraying a liquid mulching film to form a thin solidified layer on the soil surface;
(6) and (3) supplying water and fertilizer during different growth periods of the sowed peanuts: after sowing, water irrigation and fertilization are not carried out until the root period of the peanuts is clustered so as to promote the root systems of the peanuts to be pricked down; irrigating after the root-growing period, wherein the standard of irrigation quantity is 8-10cm of soil wetting depth, simultaneously applying 80-120kg/ha of peanut special fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer along with water, and simultaneously applying 0.5-1.0kg/ha of ammonium molybdate, and supplementing water and nutrients to promote strong seedlings; irrigating peanuts after entering a flowering period, wherein the standard of the irrigation quantity is 18-25cm of soil wetting depth, and meanwhile, applying a special peanut fertilizer or a ternary compound fertilizer of 130-170kg/ha, boric acid or borax of 0.75-1.0kg/ha, ferrous sulfate of 1.5-2.0kg/ha, manganese sulfate of 12-17kg/ha, zinc sulfate of 6-9kg/ha, ammonium molybdate of 0.5-0.9kg/ha and a water-soluble calcium fertilizer of 100-150kg/ha to achieve the flower promoting water fertilizer; irrigating peanuts after entering a needle sowing period, wherein the standard of the irrigation quantity is 28-32cm of soil wetting depth, and simultaneously 180-type special peanut fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer or 220kg/ha, 1.5-2.0kg/ha of ferrous sulfate, 12-17kg/ha of manganese sulfate, 6-9kg/ha of zinc sulfate and 150kg/ha of water-soluble calcium fertilizer are applied to achieve the purpose of sowing and pod promotion of water fertilizer; irrigating peanuts after the peanuts enter a podding period, wherein the standard of the irrigation quantity is that the soil wetting depth is 28-33cm, and meanwhile, applying 80-120kg/ha of peanut special fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer, 1.5-2.0kg/ha of ferrous sulfate, 13-17kg/ha of manganese sulfate, 5-10kg/ha of zinc sulfate and 100kg/ha of water-soluble calcium fertilizer to achieve podding and saturated fruit water fertilizer;
(7) chemical regulation and control: and (3) spraying chemical control agent to the leaf surface when the stem height reaches 30-35 cm and the daily increment exceeds 1.5cm from the late flowering stage to the early pod-bearing stage of the peanuts.
Preferably, the method for cultivating peanuts in the desert area is implemented as described above, wherein the same land of the technical point (2) is deeply planted in the next year, preferably, the deep ploughing depth is 30-40cm, so as to reduce the soil continuous cropping effect.
Preferably, the high-yield cultivation method for the peanuts in the desert area is characterized in that the soil wetting depth of the technical point (3) is 30cm, and 200kg/ha of special peanut fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer is applied.
Preferably, the method for cultivating peanuts in the desert area at high yield is as described above, wherein the technical points (3) and (6) are used for feeding fertilizer to a fertilizer layer of 10-15cm in the fertilizing process.
Preferably, the method for cultivating peanuts in high yield in the desert area is as described above, wherein the technical point (6) is irrigated after the root-mass period, the irrigation quantity standard is 8-10cm of soil wetting depth, 100kg/ha of peanut special fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer is applied along with water, and 0.75kg/ha of ammonium molybdate is applied; irrigating peanuts in a flowering period, wherein the standard of irrigation quantity is 20cm of soil wetting depth, and meanwhile, 150kg/ha of special peanut fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer, 1.0kg/ha of boric acid or borax, 1.5kg/ha of ferrous sulfate, 15kg/ha of manganese sulfate, 7.5kg/ha of zinc sulfate, 0.75kg/ha of ammonium molybdate and 150kg/ha of water-soluble calcium fertilizer are applied; after the peanuts enter a next period, the peanuts are irrigated, the standard of the irrigation quantity is soil wetting depth of 30cm, and meanwhile, 200kg/ha of peanut special fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer, 2.0kg/ha of ferrous sulfate, 15kg/ha of manganese sulfate, 7.5kg/ha of zinc sulfate and 150kg/ha of water-soluble calcium fertilizer are applied; after the peanuts enter the podding period, the peanuts are irrigated, the irrigation quantity standard is that the soil wetting depth is 30cm, and meanwhile, 100kg/ha of peanut special fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer, 2.0kg/ha of ferrous sulfate, 15kg/ha of manganese sulfate, 7.5kg/ha of zinc sulfate and 150kg/ha of water-soluble calcium fertilizer are applied.
Preferably, according to the desert peanut high-yield cultivation method, the chemical control agent in the technical point (6) is Zhuanggan, and 20-25 g of chemical control agent is sprayed per mu.
Further preferably, in the method for cultivating peanuts in high yield in the desert area, the Zhuangqian is diluted with water and then sprayed, and the mass ratio of the water to the Zhuangqian is (1400-: 1.
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
(1) the method can be used in desert areas, the peanut yield reaches 4256kg/ha, and high economic benefit is generated;
(2) the method can promote the growth and development of the root system of the peanut, further realize the nitrogen fixation by utilizing the peanut rhizobia, simultaneously enable the desertification particles to be agglomerated into granules, and have an activating effect on the applied fertilizer, and under the combined action of the nitrogen fixation by the rhizobia, the agglomeration of the desertification particles and the activation of the fertilizer, the method has the advantages of improving the soil structure of desert areas, improving the soil fertility and enhancing the anti-erosion capability of the soil;
(3) the method provided by the invention is used for peanut cultivation in desert areas, and has the effects of preventing wind and fixing sand, avoiding water and soil loss and cultivating land;
(4) the method can effectively reduce the harm of continuous cropping of the peanuts by deeply ploughing and preparing the soil under the specific environment and structure of the soil in the desert area.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the following examples, which are only used for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. In addition, the specific technical operation steps or conditions not indicated in the examples are performed according to the technical or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product specification. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
Example 1 cultivation of peanuts in desert areas
(1) Selecting plots, and selecting a sandy wasteland with the average temperature of 6 ℃ in the year, 13 ℃ below the average temperature of the coldest month, 23 ℃ in the hottest month, 200 mm in annual precipitation amount, 145 days in the frost-free period, 3100 ℃ in the annual effective accumulated temperature and a river of old Ha passing through the region according to the plot selection standard.
(2) And (3) reclaiming the sandy land, leveling the selected sandy land to meet the requirements of large-scale sprinkling irrigation facilities and large-area mechanized operation, and deeply ploughing the same land in the next year in order to reduce the continuous cropping effect, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 30-40 cm.
(3) The irrigation facility is matched, and in order to save water resources and solve the problems of water leakage and fertilizer leakage of sandy land, the drip pipe facility is matched on the reclaimed sandy land.
(4) Soil moisture making and fertilizing are carried out before sowing, irrigation and fertilization are carried out by adopting a dropper facility, the soil wetting depth is about 30cm, and 200kg/ha ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is applied.
(5) And (4) sowing management, namely selecting full and uniform improved seeds with high purity and high germination rate, ridging and sowing the peanuts, and performing single-seed precision sowing with one ridge and two rows with the row spacing of 25cm and the plant spacing of 25 cm.
(6) And (3) mulching, namely spraying a liquid mulching film after the peanut is sowed, and forming a thin solidified layer on the soil surface.
(7) Water and fertilizer management, wherein water irrigation and fertilizer application are not carried out after sowing to the root period so as to promote the root system of the peanut to prick down; performing second irrigation after the clumping period, wherein the irrigation quantity standard is 8-10cm of soil wetting depth, simultaneously applying 100kg/ha ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and 0.75kg/ha of ammonium molybdate along with water, supplementing water and nutrients, and promoting strong seedlings; after the peanuts enter the flowering phase, carrying out third irrigation, wherein the soil wetting depth is about 20cm, and simultaneously, 150kg/ha ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15), 1.0kg/ha boric acid, 1.5kg/ha ferrous sulfate, 15kg/ha manganese sulfate, 7.5kg/ha zinc sulfate, 0.75kg/ha ammonium molybdate and 150kg/ha (calculated by CaO) of water-soluble calcium fertilizer are applied; after the peanuts enter the next stage, fourth irrigation is carried out, the soil wetting depth is about 30cm, and 200kg/ha ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15), 2.0kg/ha ferrous sulfate, 15kg/ha manganese sulfate, 7.5kg/ha zinc sulfate and 150kg/ha water-soluble calcium fertilizer (calculated according to CaO) are applied in a matched manner; and (2) irrigating for the fifth time after the peanuts enter a podding period, wherein the soil wetting depth is about 30cm, and simultaneously, 100kg/ha ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15), 2.0kg/ha ferrous sulfate, 15kg/ha manganese sulfate, 7.5kg/ha zinc sulfate and 150kg/ha water-soluble calcium fertilizer (calculated according to CaO) are applied in a matched mode, and the fertilizer soil layer is 15 cm.
(8) Chemical regulation, namely when the height of a main stem reaches 30-35 cm and the daily increment exceeds 1.5cm in the period of the maximum growth from the late blooming period to the early podding period, applying 20-25 g of Zhuanggan per mu, and diluting with 35-40 kg of water and spraying to leaf surfaces during application.
(9) And performing other field management, namely performing corresponding management according to the symptoms of the plants.
The peanuts are harvested in 2016 in 9 months and 13 months, the yield of the peanuts reaches 4325kg/ha, the total economic benefit reaches 26815 Yuan/ha according to 6.2 Yuan/kg, 225 Yuan/ha rental cost, 1500 Yuan/ha soil preparation cost, 3450 Yuan/ha seed cost, 2850 Yuan/ha fertilizer, 430 Yuan/ha pesticide and 2250 Yuan/ha harvest cost are removed, and the net benefit can reach 16110 Yuan/ha, so that the high economic benefit is achieved.
The peanuts are harvested in No. 9 and No. 15 in 2017, the yield of the peanuts reaches 4256kg/ha, the total economic benefit reaches 25536 Yuan/ha according to 6 Yuan/kg, 225 Yuan/ha rental cost, 500 Yuan/ha land preparation cost, 3300 Yuan/ha seed cost, 2850 Yuan/ha fertilizer, 430 Yuan/ha pesticide and 2250 Yuan/ha harvest cost are removed, the net benefit can reach 15980 Yuan/ha, and the economic benefit is high.
When peanuts are harvested in two years, compared with a land where peanuts are not planted nearby, soil aggregates with larger particles are found to appear at the root system part of the peanuts during harvesting, particularly the main root part of the peanuts is the most, and when the peanuts are harvested in the second year, the agglomerated soil particles near the root system are observed by naked eyes for more than the first year, and sandy soil in desert regions is agglomerated into particles, at this time, small pores among single grains exist, and large pores formed by agglomeration exist, so that the moisture and ventilation capacity of the soil after planting peanuts according to the method is far higher than that of the soil where peanuts are not planted locally.
In order to further study the influence of the method on the peanuts, 20 complete roots are taken during the full peanut period, the number of nodules is counted, and the fresh weight of the nodules is weighed, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 peanut rhizobia number and fresh weight
Year of year Number of rhizobia (one) Fresh weight of rhizobium (g)
2016 85 0.61
2017 78 0.56
Meanwhile, the root growth state of the flowers in the mature period is sampled and measured, and the result is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 peanut root data
Figure BDA0001620654910000061
Main/lateral root criteria: the main root is long: the length from the lower end of the hypocotyl to the root tip of the main root;
the root length of each level of side (the invention only compares the longest root length of the first, second and third levels): the longest side root of the root is the first level,
the length from the lateral root at the main root insertion to the root tip; the longest secondary lateral root is the length from the primary lateral root of the secondary lateral root to the root tip, and the longest tertiary lateral root is the length from the tertiary lateral root of the tertiary lateral root to the root tip;
the main root is coarse: the position 1cm below the base of the main root is the thickness of the main root;
the root of each grade is coarse: thickness at 1cm from the root base at each stage.
In the table, "-" indicates that no measurement was performed.
Soil in soil layer 0-20cm of planting area is collected after peanut harvest for two consecutive years, 12 soil samples are collected, soil nutrient status is measured, and data results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 comparison of soil nutrient status at different periods (n ═ 12)
Figure BDA0001620654910000062
Compared with the method before the reclamation of wasteland,*p is less than 0.05; compared with the first year of harvest,#P＜0.05。
as can be seen from table 3, the contents of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil are obviously increased year by comparing the nutrients in the soil after two years of harvest with those before the cultivation, and the difference has statistical significance (P is less than 0.05), wherein the soil state is changed more obviously after the second year of harvest.
By comprehensively analyzing the data, the method can promote the growth and development of peanut root systems, play the ground culture function of peanuts, improve the soil structure and obviously improve the content of each nutrient in the soil under the combined action of the two aspects.
In order to research whether other crops have the effect shown by the invention, the inventor selects drought-enduring economic crops such as sweet potatoes, potatoes and the like to continuously plant in a sandy wasteland of the palea sylvestris, which is a national Mongolian red peak city, wherein Tandy cattle-T, for 3 years, and as a result, the crops all have the condition that the yield is obviously reduced year by year, and simultaneously, the contents of organic matters, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium are basically maintained at the level before the first year of cultivation by analyzing the soil after planting, and are not obviously.

Claims (5)

1. A high-yield peanut cultivation method in northwest desert areas is characterized by comprising the following technical points:
(1) land selection criteria: during peanut sowing, the effective accumulated temperature of 5cm ground temperature more than or equal to 12 ℃ is more than 116 ℃, the accumulated temperature during growth period is as follows: the late-maturing peanuts are 3300-3600 ℃, the medium-maturing temperature is 2850-3100 ℃, the early-maturing temperature is 2700-3000 ℃, and the frost-free period is more than 130 days;
(2) reclamation of sandy land: leveling the selected sand; deep ploughing is carried out on the same land before sowing in the next year;
(3) supplying water and fertilizer before sowing: soil moisture making and fertilizing are firstly carried out during sowing, the soil wetting depth is 28-32cm, and 180-year/ha of special peanut fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer is applied;
(4) sowing management: ridging and sowing peanuts, namely one ridge and two rows, wherein the row spacing is 23-27cm, the plant spacing is 23-27cm, and performing single-seed precision sowing;
(5) covering with a mulching film: after the peanut is sowed, spraying a liquid mulching film to form a thin solidified layer on the soil surface;
(6) and (3) supplying water and fertilizer during different growth periods of the sowed peanuts: after sowing, water irrigation and fertilization are not carried out until the root period of the peanuts is clustered so as to promote the root systems of the peanuts to be pricked down; irrigating after the root-growing period, wherein the standard of irrigation quantity is 8-10cm of soil wetting depth, simultaneously applying 80-120kg/ha of peanut special fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer along with water, and simultaneously applying 0.5-1.0kg/ha of ammonium molybdate, and supplementing water and nutrients to promote strong seedlings; irrigating peanuts after entering a flowering period, wherein the standard of the irrigation quantity is 18-25cm of soil wetting depth, and meanwhile, applying a special peanut fertilizer or a ternary compound fertilizer of 130-170kg/ha, boric acid or borax of 0.75-1.0kg/ha, ferrous sulfate of 1.5-2.0kg/ha, manganese sulfate of 12-17kg/ha, zinc sulfate of 6-9kg/ha, ammonium molybdate of 0.5-0.9kg/ha and a water-soluble calcium fertilizer of 100-150kg/ha to achieve the flower promoting water fertilizer; irrigating peanuts after entering a needle sowing period, wherein the standard of the irrigation quantity is 28-32cm of soil wetting depth, and simultaneously 180-type special peanut fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer or 220kg/ha, 1.5-2.0kg/ha of ferrous sulfate, 12-17kg/ha of manganese sulfate, 6-9kg/ha of zinc sulfate and 150kg/ha of water-soluble calcium fertilizer are applied to achieve the purpose of sowing and pod promotion of water fertilizer; irrigating peanuts after the peanuts enter a podding period, wherein the standard of the irrigation quantity is that the soil wetting depth is 28-33cm, and meanwhile, applying 80-120kg/ha of peanut special fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer, 1.5-2.0kg/ha of ferrous sulfate, 13-17kg/ha of manganese sulfate, 5-10kg/ha of zinc sulfate and 100kg/ha of water-soluble calcium fertilizer to achieve podding and saturated fruit water fertilizer;
(7) chemical regulation and control: spraying chemical control agent to the leaf surface when the height of the main stem reaches 30-35 cm and the daily increment exceeds 1.5cm from the late flowering stage to the early pod-bearing stage of the peanut;
in the technical points (3) and (6), in the fertilizing process, the fertilizer feeding soil layer is 10-15 cm; in the technical point (7), the chemical control agent is Zhuanggan, and 20-25 g of chemical control agent is sprayed per mu.
2. The high-yield peanut cultivation method in the northwest desert area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of the technical point (2) is 30-40 cm.
3. The high-yield cultivation method for peanuts in northwest desert areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the technical point (3) is that the soil wetting depth is 30cm, and 200kg/ha of special peanut fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer is applied.
4. The high-yield peanut cultivation method in the northwest desert area as claimed in claim 1, wherein the technical point (6) is irrigated after the mass period, the irrigation quantity standard is 8-10cm of soil wetting depth, meanwhile, 100kg/ha of peanut special fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer is applied along with water, and 0.75kg/ha of ammonium molybdate is applied; irrigating peanuts in a flowering period, wherein the standard of irrigation quantity is 20cm of soil wetting depth, and meanwhile, 150kg/ha of special peanut fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer, 1.0kg/ha of boric acid or borax, 1.5kg/ha of ferrous sulfate, 15kg/ha of manganese sulfate, 7.5kg/ha of zinc sulfate, 0.75kg/ha of ammonium molybdate and 150kg/ha of water-soluble calcium fertilizer are applied; after the peanuts enter a next period, the peanuts are irrigated, the standard of the irrigation quantity is soil wetting depth of 30cm, and meanwhile, 200kg/ha of peanut special fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer, 2.0kg/ha of ferrous sulfate, 15kg/ha of manganese sulfate, 7.5kg/ha of zinc sulfate and 150kg/ha of water-soluble calcium fertilizer are applied; after the peanuts enter the podding period, the peanuts are irrigated, the irrigation quantity standard is that the soil wetting depth is 30cm, and meanwhile, 100kg/ha of peanut special fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer, 2.0kg/ha of ferrous sulfate, 15kg/ha of manganese sulfate, 7.5kg/ha of zinc sulfate and 150kg/ha of water-soluble calcium fertilizer are applied.
5. The high-yield peanut cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Zhuanghuang' an is diluted with water and then sprayed, and the mass ratio of water to Zhuangqian is (1400-2000): 1.
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