CN113854091B

CN113854091B - Method for improving field cultivation/pot culture quality of red torch curcuma aromatica

Info

Publication number: CN113854091B
Application number: CN202110873694.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林玲; 刘念; 盛爱武; 刘文艺; 苏赤连
Original assignee: Foshan Lianyi Biotechnology Co ltd
Current assignee: Foshan Lianyi Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-07-30
Filing date: 2021-07-30
Publication date: 2022-04-19
Anticipated expiration: 2041-07-30
Also published as: CN113854091A

Abstract

A method for improving the field cultivation/pot culture quality of red torch curcuma aromatica is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of: selecting seed balls which are returned from winter in the current year, namely selecting seed balls which are not separated in shape and have the cultivation time of two years; secondly, field planting: adding a cultivation medium on garden soil or a flowerpot, wherein the cultivation medium is sandy soil rich in organic matters, digging a seed ball selected in the step, planting the seed ball into a pit, spreading a compound fertilizer, and watering; the growth period is as follows: arranging a ventilation shading net to prevent the red torch turmeric from being directly irradiated by sunlight, watering for 2-3 times per cycle in a growth cycle, and keeping the environment humidity until a flowering period; fourth, flowering phase: the red torch radix Curcumae entering flowering stage is watered for 2-3 times per week before being transferred into potted plant. According to the method, the proper seed balls are selected from the aspects of seed ball shape, culture medium, screening of compound fertilizer, seed ball planting duration and the like, and living conditions and a cultivation mode suitable for the red torch curcuma are created, so that the red torch curcuma cultivated in the field or potted plant can not generate the phenomena of withered and yellow leaf margin in the flowering period, plant growth and variety degradation with poor flowering branch quality any more, and the ornamental value of the red torch curcuma is ensured and improved.

Description

Method for improving field cultivation/pot culture quality of red torch curcuma aromatica

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation methods, and particularly relates to a method for improving field cultivation/pot culture quality of red torch curcuma aromatica.

Background

The Red Torch Curcuma aromatica curcma hybrida 'Red Torch' is a new flower variety registered in 2005 by the Netherlands Morheim group company, is a perennial heat generating bulbous flower with high ornamental value introduced in China in Zingiberaceae and Curcuma, and is mainly introduced and popularized in the south China. Under the open field cultivation condition, the plant height of the red torch curcuma aromatica is about 36-50 cm, the underground main rhizome is fusiform to spherical, the leaves are green oblong, the scape is drawn out from the leaves and is lower than the leaves, the plant is upright and stiff, the bracts are various and are arranged in a lotus seat shape, the shape of the plant is broad oval, the bracts at the top end are purple red, the bracts at the lower part are deep red, and the red torch is obtained because the shape of the plant is similar to that of a torch.

The florescence of the red torch curcuma aromatica is two seasons of summer and autumn, namely, the ornamental period of the ground-cultivated single inflorescence can exceed 30 days in the period of 7-10 months. The red torch tulip is popular internationally once it is launched because of its large flower, gorgeous flower color and long flowering period. According to the evaluation criteria (including adaptability, ornamental value, market, management, variety source difficulty and application) of Gongxiaping (2005) on the popularization value of the curcuma, the red torch curcuma has extremely high score and very high development and utilization value.

The red torch curcuma aromatica is introduced into the south China area by the south China botanical garden of Chinese academy of sciences at the end of 2005, and after many years of introduction and domestication, a new variety suitable for being cultivated in the south China area is cultivated, and is approved by a new variety of crops in Guangdong province in 2012 and named as the red torch curcuma aromatica.

The existing cultivation method of the red torch curcuma aromatica comprises the following steps:

1. planting time: planting in the beginning of 4 months when the seeds are cultivated in the open field in the south China for the first time, enabling the seeds to enter dormancy at the beginning of 11 months, wherein the growth period is 8-9 months;

2. the propagation method comprises the following steps: carrying out bulb division propagation, and carrying out bulb division cultivation by using bulbs generated from the underground part of the curcuma aromatica of the red torch; covering rice straw on the planting ground for seed ball storage after the red torch radix curcumae is dormant, and reserving for sprouting in the 2 nd year, or digging seed balls at the beginning of 3 months of the 2 nd year and then planting;

3. illumination and temperature: shading is preferably performed by 30-40% in summer, and when the illumination is reduced in 10-11 months, the shading net is removed; sufficient water is needed before planting to germination and in the full-bloom period, and water is irrigated for 2 times per week in the sandy soil in the flowering period on average;

4. fertilizing: adopting decomposed chicken manure 15000kg/hm during cultivation²750kg/hm of calcium superphosphate²As basic fertilizer, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in chicken manure₂O₅) Potassium (K)₂O) is about 1.63%, 1.54%, 0.85%;

in addition, 150kg/hm of urea is applied in combination with base fertilizer before flowering²750kg/hm potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied when the flower stem grows out²The N-P-K ratio of common potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 15-15-15.

However, in south China, after the red torch curcuma aromatica is cultivated by the method, in recent years, the number and the quality of the obtained flowers and the growth vigor of plants are found to be strong, and the phenomena of yellowing and withering of leaf margins, poor growth vigor of the plants, poor quality of flower branches and other varieties gradually occur.

The inventor researches and considers that the causes of the degeneration of the red torch curcuma aromatica variety mainly comprise the following aspects:

1. mechanical mixing and biological mixing cause the reduction of variety purity and quality, and make flower type disorder, height irregularity, etc.;

2. because the living conditions and the cultivation method are not suitable for the requirements of the habit of the variety, the genetic segregation and variation are caused, so that the variety is degraded;

3. the decline of viability causes the reduction of the quality of the improved variety, which includes the decline of viability under the same conditions in long-term cultivation.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for improving the field cultivation/pot culture quality of red torch curcuma aromatica, and solves the problems of withered and yellow leaves of the field cultivated red torch curcuma aromatica variety and the variety degradation problems of poor plant growth and flowering branch quality.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for improving the field/pot culture quality of red torch curcuma aromatica comprises the following steps:

selecting seed balls: selecting the seed balls which are returned from winter in the current year, namely the seed balls which are cultivated for two years and have the shapes of not-separated balls;

step (2) field planting: adding a cultivation medium on garden soil or a flowerpot, wherein the cultivation medium is sandy soil rich in organic matters, digging a seed ball selected in the step, planting the seed ball into a pit, spreading a compound fertilizer, and watering;

the growth period of the step (3): arranging a ventilation shading net to prevent the red torch turmeric from being directly irradiated by sunlight, watering for 2-3 times per cycle in a growth cycle, and keeping the environment humidity until a flowering period;

and (4) flowering phase: the red torch curcuma aromatica entering the flowering phase is watered for 2-3 times per week, but watering is avoided to the greatest extent to water on the tower-shaped inflorescence, so that water is accumulated in the inflorescence, yellow small flowers growing on the armpits of bracts at the lower part are prevented from rotting, and the ornamental value of the inflorescence is reduced.

The invention relates to a method for quitting winter, which means that the overground part of a plant withers in winter every year and underground seed balls enter a dormancy stage.

The cultivation time of the invention is two years, which means that the red torch tulip seedball is kept not to be dug out in the land, is left in the field for the next year to naturally sprout, and grows in the field for 2 years.

The form of the non-separated seed ball is that the original 3-5 seed balls are connected into a row of seed balls without being separated into single seed balls.

The time for re-planting the red torch seedball can be 2-3 months.

The method of the invention is to improve the field cultivation quality of the curcuma aromatica of the red torch:

the method includes the steps that a seedball with the duration of two years of multiple planting cultivation is selected, and the inventor finds that the seedball with the duration of two years of multiple planting cultivation can enter a natural germination period in 2 months in advance by 1 month compared with a seedball with the duration of 1 year of multiple planting cultivation, a red torch radix curcumae enters a flowering period earlier, the number of flowers is larger, flowering branches are larger, and the obtained plants are higher, larger and robust.

The form of the seed balls which are not separated is selected, because the seed balls of bulbous flowers are storage bodies of nutrient substances, in a natural state, the seed balls of the red torch radix curcumae are generally formed by tightly connecting 3-5 sub-balls with similar sizes, the prior art is equivalent to planting small seed balls when the sub-balls are separately planted, and the invention is equivalent to planting large seed balls when the sub-balls are not separately planted. The inventor proves that the plant obtained by the non-bulbar propagation of the red torch curcuma aromatica has better growth vigor, enters the flowering phase earlier, has more flowering quantity and is beneficial to tillering propagation of the plant.

Thirdly, the seedballs are dug and reseeded, the density of the seedballs can be properly distributed, and the quality of flowering branches is improved.

In order to avoid the situation that the viability of the red torch curcuma aromatica is declined under the same condition after the red torch curcuma aromatica is cultivated for a long time in the prior art, according to the characteristic that the red torch curcuma aromatica prefers sandy soil rich in organic matters, a cultivation matrix which is rich in organic matters and is added on the basis of garden soil is adopted, and the cultivation matrix is directly adopted during pot cultivation, so that the fertility of the soil can be effectively increased; the red torch curcuma aromatica is provided with suitable living conditions to prevent the red torch curcuma aromatica from generating variety degradation.

The invention can also make the following improvement measures:

the culture medium is preferably a composite medium which is prepared by mixing peat soil, perlite and river sand in equal proportion by weight. On one hand, the sandy soil compounded by peat soil, perlite and river sand effectively increases the fertility of the soil, mainly improves the contents of organic matters, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and effective iron in the soil; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the organic matter content of the soil is high, the formation of a soil granular structure is facilitated, and the good granular structure is beneficial to the growth of a plant root system, so that the absorption of the plant to the nutrition in the soil is promoted;

secondly, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of the soil directly reacts to the nitrogen supply capacity of the soil, and the soil can be absorbed and utilized by plants recently and has close relationship with the growth of the plants;

the organic matter content is rich, the curing degree is high, and the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen can be improved;

phosphorus can promote the formation and growth of early roots of plants, improve the capacity of the plants to adapt to external environmental conditions and enhance the capacity of the plants to respond to external acid-base changes.

On the other hand, the soil of the origin of the red torch curcuma aromatica is red and red soil, and the pH value is between 4.5 and 5.4, so that adding perlite into garden soil to adjust the pH value of the soil is an important means for improving the variety degradation of the garden soil. And the pH value of the soil directly influences the activity of the soil trace elements and the mobility of the soil trace elements in the soil, so that the absorption of effective iron by plants is effectively improved.

Furthermore, the thickness of the culture medium on the garden soil is recommended to be 35-50 cm, and the thickness of the culture medium for potted plants is 20-40 cm.

Preferably, before the culture medium is added, the garden soil is covered with quicklime for high-temperature sterilization so as to avoid the continuous accumulation of germs and eggs in the soil and the influence on the development of planting.

In the step (2), the selected seed balls are recommended to be dug at equal intervals and planted into soil. Furthermore, the planting distance of the planted seedlings is 30-35cm, the row spacing is 40-50 cm, and the planting depth is 5 +/-1 cm.

The compound fertilizer in the step (2) of the invention preferably adopts slow release compound fertilizers with different N-P-K ratios, including slow release compound fertilizers with N-P-K being 17-4-12 and long fertilizer efficiency for 3-4 months; the N-P-K is 15-8-15 balanced compound fertilizer with fertilizer efficiency of 5-6 months; high nitrogen type compound fertilizer with 18-5-12 fertilizer efficiency for 8-9 months and high potassium type compound fertilizer with 12-5-18 fertilizer efficiency for 8-9 months).

Preferably, the red torch curcuma aromatica adopting the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and the high-potassium compound fertilizer has good growth vigor on indexes such as stem, leaf, plant height, seedball development and the like. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the high-content nitrogen in the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer can improve the activity of related metabolic enzymes such as soil protease by promoting plant metabolism and increasing root system microbial biomass, so as to form virtuous circle and further promote the growth and development of plants and the utilization of nutrients.

The high content of potassium in the high-potassium compound fertilizer can improve the activity of various enzymes, has promotion effects on photosynthesis, respiration and sugar metabolism, leads the stems of the high-potassium compound fertilizer to be stronger and can increase the resistance of plants.

Furthermore, the spreading amount of the compound fertilizer is calculated according to the specification of the planting bed, wherein the length of the planting bed is 5-7 m, the width of the planting bed is 0.8-1.2 m, and 2000-2150 g of the compound fertilizer is spread in each bed.

The ambient humidity in step (3) of the present invention is preferably maintained at 60% or more.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) in order to solve the problem of degradation of field cultivars of curcuma aromatica of red torch in the prior art, the invention develops experimental researches for years from various aspects such as seed ball morphology, culture medium, screening of compound fertilizer, seed ball planting time and the like, and summarizes and concludes the technical scheme of the invention: the method is characterized in that seedballs which are not separated in two years are selected for continuous cultivation for planting, the soil fertility is improved by adding sandy soil rich in organic matters and compound fertilizers on garden soil, shading cultivation and sufficient irrigation are adopted, so that living conditions and cultivation modes suitable for the red torch curcuma are created, the red torch curcuma cultivated in fields/potted plants can not generate variety degradation phenomena of withered and yellow leaf margins, plant growth and poor flowering branch quality in the flowering period, and the ornamental value of the red torch curcuma is guaranteed.

(2) The invention can further select a culture medium consisting of peat soil, perlite and river sand and slow-release compound fertilizers with different N-P-K ratios, so that the rhizome propagation coefficient of the red torch curcuma aromatica at the underground part is high, and the overground part can obtain better plant growth, more flowering branches with higher flowering quantity and quality, thereby improving the ornamental value of the red torch curcuma aromatica.

(3) The flowering period of the red torch for field cultivation and pot culture is 7-10 months and 4 months long, the group full-bloom period is concentrated in 7-8 months, and the ornamental period of a single inflorescence and a pot culture in field cultivation exceeds 30 days; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

red torch plant condition in field cultivation: the plant height is about 70cm, the leaf width is about 25cm, the leaf length is about 47cm, the flowering branch length is about 30cm, and the diameter of the flowering branch is about 10 cm.

Plant condition of potted red torch: the plant height is about 50cm, the leaf width is about 21cm, the length is about 38cm, the length of the flowering branch is about 25cm, and the diameter of the flowering branch is about 8 cm.

(4) The field cultivation method for the curcuma aromatica with the red torch is simple to operate, short in flow and easy to realize production popularization.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the total flowering number of different compound fertilizer fields;

FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect of different compound fertilizers on seedball growth;

FIG. 3 is the effect of the length of time spent in seedball cultivation on the number of flowers;

FIG. 4 is the effect of the length of time of seedball cultivation on seedball fertility;

FIG. 5 is the effect of single bulb planting on population flowering time;

FIG. 6 is the effect of non-balled planting on population flowering;

FIG. 7 is the effect of seedball morphology on number of flowers;

FIG. 8 is a graph of the effect of bulb morphology on subsurface growth.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.

Example 1

A cultivation method for improving field cultivation quality of Curcuma aromatica Salisb comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting the seed balls: selecting seed balls which are returned from winter in the current year, namely selecting seed balls which are not separated in shape and have the cultivation time of two years;

(2) digging the selected seed balls in a pit and planting the seeds into a culture medium in 2 months, wherein the planting garden soil is a farm greenhouse planting ridge with the specification of 6.5m long and 1.1m wide, and covering the garden soil with quick lime for high-temperature sterilization. Peat soil, perlite and river sand are added to original garden soil and mixed into a culture medium according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1, and the thickness of the culture medium is 35 cm. Planting 2 rows of seed balls in each ridge, wherein the plant spacing is 30cm, the row spacing is 50cm, the planting depth is 5cm, a high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied in a broadcasting way, and the content ratio of N-P-K is 18: 5: 12, applying 2000g of water to each ridge, and watering the ridge fully.

(3) And a simple breathable shading net is arranged to avoid direct sunlight, watering is carried out for 2-3 times per week in the growth period, enough moisture is poured, and the environment humidity is kept above 60%.

(4) The red torch curcuma aromatica entering the flowering phase is watered for 2-3 times per week, enough water is watered, but watering is avoided to the greatest extent, water is accumulated in the inflorescence, yellow small flowers growing on the armpits of bracts at the lower part are rotten, and the ornamental value of the inflorescence is reduced.

Example 2

(1) selecting the seed balls: selecting a seed ball which has a cultivation time of two years and is in a shape of no ball separation after winter in the current year;

(2) digging the selected seed balls in a pit and planting the seeds into a culture medium in 3 months, wherein the planting garden soil is a farm greenhouse planting ridge with the specification of 6m long and 1m wide, and covering the garden soil with quick lime for high-temperature sterilization. Peat soil, perlite and river sand are added to original garden soil and mixed into a culture medium according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1, and the thickness of the culture medium is 45 cm. Planting 2 rows of seed balls in each ridge, wherein the plant spacing is 30cm, the row spacing is 40cm, the planting depth is 6cm, a high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied in a broadcasting way, and the N-P-K content ratio is 12: 5: 18, applying 2050g of water to each ridge and watering the ridge fully.

(3) And a simple breathable shading net is arranged to avoid direct sunlight, watering is carried out for 2-3 times per week in the growth period, enough moisture is poured, and the environment humidity is kept at 60% or above.

(4) The red torch turmeric root tuber entering the flowering period is watered to avoid watering the tower-shaped inflorescence as much as possible, and yellow florets growing on the armpits of the bracts at the lower part are rotten due to water accumulated in the inflorescence, so that the ornamental value of the inflorescence is reduced.

The red torch curcuma aromatica of the example 1 and the example 2 has no phenomenon of withered and yellow leaf edges in the flowering period, and the overground part plants are higher and have better flowering branch quality. Wherein the plant height is about 70cm, the leaf width is about 25cm, the leaf length is about 47cm, the flowering branch length is about 30cm, and the diameter of the flowering branch is about 10 cm. Meanwhile, the propagation coefficient of rhizomes of underground parts reaches 5.

Example 3

A cultivation method for improving the quality of a red torch radix curcumae pot plant comprises the following steps:

(2) digging the selected seedball into a pit and planting the seedball into a culture medium in 3 months, wherein the potting conditions are as follows: the planting pots are plastic pots with the diameter of 50cm and the height of 30cm, the potted plant substrates are peat soil, perlite and river sand which are 1:1:1 and the thickness of the potted plant substrates is about 25cm, 3 plants are planted in each pot, and regardless of the fact that seed balls are arranged in rows of several seed balls, in a word, 1 seed ball is counted; the broadcast application of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer has the N-P-K content ratio of 18: 5: and 12, watering until the water content is enough.

(4) The red torch curcuma aromatica entering the flowering phase is watered for 2-3 times per week, sufficient water is poured, but watering is avoided to the greatest extent, water is accumulated in the inflorescence, yellow small flowers growing on the armpits of bracts at the lower part are rotten, and the ornamental value of the inflorescence is reduced.

Example 4

Soil factor analysis of withered and yellow leaf edges of red torch curcuma aromatica

Aiming at the problem that in recent years, the red torch curcuma aromatica is subjected to variety degradation phenomenon of yellowing and withering of leaves when cultivated in fields such as Guangzhou and Zhuhai (hereinafter, simply referred to as ground cultivation), but is not subjected to the phenomenon when cultivated in a Panyu village farm. Considering that the sources of 3 planting fields are consistent, the climate is similar, and the management of fertilizer and water is similar, the causes of the plants are researched from the viewpoint of soil property so as to reduce the leaf yellowing phenomenon of field cultivation.

The soil collection places are respectively as follows:

zhuhai nong tui center, geographic location: longitude 113.2284684, latitude 22.0680187, altitude 2m, noted as zhhai ZH;

guangzhou nong tui center, geographic location: longitude 113.43391509, latitude 23.2343998, and altitude 206m, denoted as Guangzhou NT;

yu zhongcun farm, geographical location: longitude 113.292238, latitude (22.9920551, altitude-1 m, noted as wine ZC.

And randomly sampling and mixing multiple planting points to prepare 3 parts. Collecting sample from 0-20cm of shallow layer of soil, air drying, sieving to remove impurities, grinding, and packaging.

Soil pH was measured using an aohaus ST10 pH meter, usa. The soil chemical property analysis indexes are the following 8 nutrient elements: exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, available iron, available potassium, available phosphorus, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and organic matters. The sample is sent to the crop nutrition and fertilization research room of southern China agricultural university for detection. The determination of each index is referred to in 2006, second edition of technical Specification for soil analysis, as follows:

the exchangeable calcium adopts ammonium acetate exchange-atomic absorption spectrometry; the exchangeable magnesium adopts ammonium acetate exchange-atomic absorption spectrometry; extracting effective iron by DTPA (draw DTPA) -atomic absorption spectrometry; the quick-acting potassium is prepared by ammonium acetate exchange-flame photometry; the quick-acting phosphorus is extracted by adopting ammonium fluoride hydrochloride-molybdenum blue colorimetry; the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen adopts an alkaline hydrolysis diffusion method; the organic matter is oxidized by potassium chromate at high temperature and by external heat, and is subjected to volumetric treatment.

The analysis results were ranked according to tables 1 and 2 according to the national second soil census classification criteria.

TABLE 1 soil pH Scale

TABLE 2 soil nutrient grading Standard

TABLE 3 soil nutrient status in different cultivation areas

As can be seen from table 3, the pH values in the zhuian agricultural center and the guangzhou nong tui center were neutral, and the farm in yuyuyuyu county was acidic. The soil nutrient content of ZC is the highest, and the content of organic matters, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and available phosphorus of ZC is obviously higher than that of NT and ZH soil; the content of the nutrients in the NT soil is lower, but the content of the available phosphorus is high, and is 91.12 mg/Kg.

ZH soil and NT soil, the quick-acting potassium is distributed in high content grade with the content of 430.83mg/Kg and 395.33mg/Kg, which is obviously higher than the soil with ZC of 71.60 mg/Kg.

The content of trace element effective iron in ZC soil is 486.65mg/Kg, which is obviously higher than that in the other two areas, wherein the content of NT is the lowest, and is only 33.12 mg/Kg; the exchangeable magnesium content of ZH is obviously higher than that of other two regions, and the exchangeable magnesium content in ZC and NT soil has no obvious difference; the content of exchangeable calcium is not obviously different in the soils of the NT and ZH, but is obviously higher than that in the soil of the ZC.

In conclusion, the red torch curcuma does not have ZC with yellowing and withering of leaves, the pH value of soil is acidic, the contents of organic matters and trace elements of effective Fe, effective phosphorus and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in the soil are obviously higher than those of ZH and NT with yellowing and withering of leaves, so the reason for the yellowing of the leaf margin is presumed to be that the contents of the organic matters and the trace elements of the effective Fe, the effective phosphorus and the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen are lower, the pH value is higher, and the soil is neutral.

Example 5

Analysis of various cultivation factors

1. Determination of appearance growth index

And (5) measuring and recording appearance growth data by using a steel tape and a vernier caliper at regular time in the whole growth period of the plant. After germination of the seedball, the vegetative phase was recorded 1 time every 15d, and the flowering phase was recorded 1 time every 7 d.

The following indices were recorded: a planting period; seed ball size (diameter at the widest and longest part), seed ball weight, seed ball tillering multiplication coefficient and root tuber weight; plant height (from the base to the highest of the leaves); stem thickness (plant diameter 3cm above the substrate), stem length (height from the substrate surface to the stem bifurcation); leaf spreading time, leaf number during flowering, leaf length (distance from leaf base to leaf tip), leaf width (width at widest part of leaf); inflorescence length (length of the inflorescence branch extending from the base of the pseudostem to the top of the inflorescence), inflorescence width (diameter of the middle part of the inflorescence branch); initial flowering (time of emergence of the 1 st inflorescence), individual inflorescence longevity, population flowering, flowering rate.

The main ornamental part of curcuma species flowers is the whole inflorescence, not the florets in the bracts. Dividing the red torch tulip inflorescence from beginning to wither into 6 stages which are respectively recorded as: s0, S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, see table 4.

TABLE 4 grading method of red torch turmeric root-tuber flowering phase

2. Influence of different compound fertilizers on growth and development of radix Curcumae in red torch

4 slow-release compound fertilizer test groups with different N-P-K ratios are designed:

N-P-K is 17-4-12 (the fertilizer efficiency is 3-4 months);

b, N-P-K is 15-8-15 (the fertilizer efficiency is 5-6 months long and balanced);

N-P-K is 18-5-12 (the fertilizer efficiency is 8-9 months long and the fertilizer is high-nitrogen);

d, N-P-K is 12-5-18 (the fertilizer efficiency is 8-9 months long, high-potassium type).

The plots and pots not fertilized during the test period were control and recorded as CK. 2000g of field planting is applied to each ridge of field planting, 3 ridges of field planting are processed, and 2 rows of field planting are planted in each ridge according to the plant spacing of 30-35 cm. And observing and recording the character indexes of stems, leaves, flowers and the like of the overground part and the indexes of tillering coefficient, fresh weight and the like of underground bulbs.

2.1. Growth and development conditions of overground parts of plants

Planting red torch in 3 months, and planting for 3 months before the plant enters the long leaf stage with 4-5 leaves. The difference between the leaf length and the leaf number of each test group is not significant. The compound fertilizer test group was higher than the control group in leaf width, with group D being significantly higher than the other test groups at a leaf width of 25.81 cm. A. B, C the difference between leaf widths was not significant.

After 4 months of the planting period, the red torch enters the flowering period at 7 months. In the aspect of stem length, the differences of all compound fertilizer test groups are not obvious and are about 25 cm; in the aspect of stem thickness, C, D groups were significantly larger than the other test groups; in the aspect of plant height, the group C is higher than the control, and other test groups are lower than the control; leaves in group D were wider than those in the other compound fertilizer test groups.

After the red torch turmeric root tuber is planted for 5 months, the red torch turmeric root tuber is still in the full bloom stage, and the vegetative growth is almost stopped. As can be seen from Table 5, the flowers of each treatment group were opened in large numbers, and the difference in the quality of the flowering branches was not significant, and the length of the flowering branches was not significantly changed from that at the time of planting for 4 months, but the flower stems were expanded to about 11 cm. On the indexes of stem, leaf, plant height and the like, the compound fertilizer treatment group is superior to the control group, wherein the treatment C, D has no significant difference but has a significant difference from the treatment A, B.

In conclusion, the red torch curcuma aromatica grows from leaf to flower, and after 3 months of field planting, the vegetative growth is completed so as to enter the reproductive growth. And 5 months after planting, entering a full-bloom stage. Of the various treatments, treatments C and D, which had high potassium and high nitrogen contents, were most beneficial for the growth of red torch turmeric.

TABLE 5 Effect of different Compound fertilizers on growth (field planting for 5 months)

Note: data are expressed as "mean ± standard error". Different lower case letters in the same column indicate significant differences at the 0.05 level.

2.2 florescence of ground-cultivated red torch radix Curcumae

The florescence of the ground-cultivated red torch curcuma is 7-10 months and 4 months long. The population of three groups of treatment A, B, C was at flowering stage S3-S5, with progressively increasing numbers of flowers over time, as shown in FIG. 1, where treatment C entered full bloom relatively earlier and had a greater number of flowers.

2.3 growth and development conditions of field-planted seedballs

As can be seen from Table 6, the tillering coefficients of the cue balls treated by B, C, D are respectively 4, 4.44 and 3.78 higher than those of the control group, while the tillering coefficients of the cue balls treated by the compound fertilizer A are the lowest and are only 2.11; as can be seen from FIG. 2, the root tuber yields of both the treated C, D and the control group can reach 0.1kg, the difference is not significant, and the root tuber yields of the treated A and the treated B are lower, only 0.02kg and 0.06 kg; a similar trend was seen for the individual seedball weight, with treatment B, C, D having a higher individual seedball weight than control and treatment a; in conclusion, compound fertilizer treatment increased the average weight of individual seedballs, treatment a was relatively ineffective, with treatment C being relatively effective in each compound fertilizer treatment group and treatment D times less.

TABLE 6 influence of different compound fertilizers on the reproduction of bulb tillers (field cultivation)

3. Influence of seed ball cultivation time on growth and development of radix Curcumae of red torch

Under field cultivation conditions, 3 cultivation duration tests were designed:

y1: digging out the seed balls after the overground part of the plant withers and falls back to winter in winter, and replanting for 3 months next year, namely, the cultivation time is 1 year;

y2: keeping the red torch tulip seed balls not dug out, naturally sprouting in the next year, digging out in 3 months in the third year, and then replanting, namely, the cultivation time is 2 years;

y3: keeping the red torch tulip seed balls not to be dug out, and after 3 months of the fourth year, re-planting the seeds, wherein the cultivation time is 3 years.

When 1 furrow is treated, the seed balls in the furrow are mutually repeated, 2 rows are planted according to the plant spacing of 30-35cm, no fertilizer is applied, and only watering is carried out at proper time. And (4) recording the length indexes of stems, leaves and peanuts, digging underground seed balls after the plants enter the winter, and recording the propagation coefficient, fresh weight, root tuber yield and the like of the seed balls.

As can be seen from table 7, at 7 months, the stem, leaf and plant height indices of the treated group Y2 were significantly higher than those of the treated group Y1, at which time the size of the flowering branch was not significant; at 8 months, the cultivation growth indexes of the treatment group Y2 are still better than those of the treatment group Y1, and the flower branches grow in an extending manner. Y2 treated 5.33 flowers in a single plexus significantly higher than 1.66 flowers in Y1. As can be seen from Table 8, in the case of the number of flowers blooming in the post-cultivation of the red torch turmeric, the number of flowers blooming in the treatment group Y2 was 121 flowers, which was higher than 117 flowers in Y1. The above shows that plants grown for a cultivation period of 2 years (treatment group Y2) grew significantly better than plants grown for a cultivation period of 1 year (treatment group Y1). Therefore, the growth and flowering of the curcuma aromatica can be influenced by the cultivation time.

TABLE 7 Effect of seed ball cultivation duration on growth

Note: y1, cultivation time is 1 year; y2, cultivation time is 2 years; the same applies below.

TABLE 8 influence of the length of seed ball cultivation on the number of flowers (permanent planting for 8 months)

As can be seen from FIGS. 3 and 4, the flowering period of the group treated with Y2 is earlier than that of the other groups, and the group enters the group full-bloom period, so that the flowering number is more, and the underground seed ball grows better.

4. Influence of bulb morphology on growth and development of radix Curcumae in red torch

Under potting conditions, 2 spherical planting tests were designed:

t1: the seed balls are not separated, and the original seed balls are directly planted in a form that 3-5 seed balls are connected in rows;

t2: breaking the sub-balls of the dug curcuma aromatica seed balls of the red torch into single seed balls and planting.

Each treatment was planted in 5 pots, 3 plants per pot, and 1 plant was counted regardless of whether the seed ball was single or multiple subspheres in a row. And counting and recording growth indexes and the growth conditions of the seed balls and the root tubers. As can be seen from table 9, in 7 months, the T1 group was sown without separating the bulbs, and the growth indexes of the stems, leaves and flowers were better than those of T2, and the treatment group T2 was a control group sown with separating the bulbs. The plants of the T2 group are thin and weak, the plant height is only 38.78cm, the plant height is obviously lower than 55.22cm of T1, the single pot of the T2 group has less flowers and shorter flowering branches; and at 8-9 months, the growth index values of the treatment group T1 are still higher than those of the treatment group T2, and the growth vigor is remarkably good. The T1 group is shorter than the control group by 10cm in plant height and has a flowering branch diameter of about 2 cm. The above shows that the T2 treatment group is beneficial to the growth and development of the red torch curcuma aromatica.

TABLE 9 influence of bulb morphology on growth (potted plants)

Note: t1, sowing without separating balls; t2: the prior art seeds are sown by dividing the seeds into single sub-seeds;

as can be seen from FIGS. 5 to 7, at 7 months, T2 flowering less frequently and more in the newly-germinated S2 flowering stage, and T1 treated flowering twice as much as T2 and concentrated in the full-bloom stage of S3; at 10 months, T1 blooms 7 more flowers than T2. As can be seen from table 10 and fig. 8, the difference between the tillering coefficients of the cue balls of T1 and T2 is not significant, about 2, and the indexes of the individual seed balls, such as the tillering number of the cue ball, the root tuber yield, the average weight of the seed balls, and the like, are not the same as those of the seed balls planted in rows. The above shows that T1 sown by non-ball-division propagation can enable plants to enter the flowering phase earlier and have a large number of flowers.

TABLE 10 influence of ball morphology on mother ball tillering force

The test results of various cultivation factors of ground cultivation and pot cultivation of the red torch tend to be consistent.

The above embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, and any modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention, and the specific scope of the present invention is defined by the following claims.

Claims

1. A method for improving the field cultivation/pot culture quality of red torch curcuma aromatica is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

selecting seed balls: selecting the seed balls which are returned from winter in the same year, wherein the seed ball cultivation time is two years, the shape is not separated, the plant obtained by non-separated ball propagation has better growth vigor, enters the flowering phase earlier and has more flowering quantity, and tillering propagation of the plant is facilitated;

the growth period of the step (3): arranging a ventilation shading net to prevent the red torch turmeric from being directly irradiated by sunlight, watering for 2-3 times per cycle in a growth cycle, and keeping the environmental humidity above 60% until a flowering period;

and (4) flowering phase: before the red torch curcuma aromatica entering the flowering phase is moved into a pot plant, the red torch curcuma aromatica is watered for 2-3 times every week, but watering is carried out to the greatest extent so as to avoid watering the tower-shaped inflorescence, so that water is accumulated in the inflorescence, yellow florets growing on the armpits of bracts at the lower part are prevented from being rotten, and the ornamental value of the inflorescence is reduced.

2. The method for improving field cultivation/potting quality of red torch turmeric root tuber according to claim 1, characterized in that: the culture medium is a composite medium, and the composite medium is formed by mixing peat soil, perlite and river sand according to equal proportion by weight.

3. The method for improving field cultivation/potting quality of red torch turmeric root tuber according to claim 2, characterized in that: the thickness of the culture medium for field culture is 35-50 cm; before adding the culture medium, the garden soil is covered with quicklime for high-temperature sterilization.

4. The method for improving field cultivation/potting quality of red torch turmeric root tuber according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step (2), the field cultivation is to dig pits at equal intervals for planting the selected seed balls into the soil; the planting distance of the planted seedballs is 30-35cm, the row spacing is 40-50 cm, and the planting depth is 5 +/-1 cm.

5. The method for improving field cultivation/potting quality of red torch turmeric root tuber according to claim 2, characterized in that: the thickness of the culture medium for potted plants is 20-40 cm.

6. The method for improving field cultivation/potting quality of red torch turmeric root-tuber according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the compound fertilizer in the step (2) adopts slow-release compound fertilizers with different N-P-K ratios.

7. The method for improving field cultivation/potting quality of red torch turmeric root tuber according to claim 6, characterized in that: the compound fertilizer adopts a high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, and the content ratio of N-P-K is 18: 5: 12; or a high-potassium compound fertilizer is adopted, and the content ratio of N-P-K is 12: 5: 18.

8. the method of improving red torch tulip field cultivation/potting quality of claim 7, wherein: the spreading amount of the compound fertilizer is calculated according to the specification of the planting bed, wherein the length of the planting bed is 5-7 m, the width of the planting bed is 0.8-1.2 m, and 2000-2150 g of the compound fertilizer is spread in each bed.