CN113099967A - Method for compound planting of Jinfo mountain square bamboo and golden cypress - Google Patents
Method for compound planting of Jinfo mountain square bamboo and golden cypress Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting Jinfo mountain square bamboo and phellodendron bark in a composite mode, which comprises the following steps: selecting the seedlings of the Jinfo mountain square bamboos and the phellodendron amurense, and pressing the seedlings of the Jinfo mountain square bamboos: carrying out primary planting mixed preparation on the phellodendron seedlings in a ratio of 6: 4; excavating planting holes among the configured Jinfo mountain square bamboo forest rows; 0.2 kg-0.5 kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.05kg of urea or 0.2kg of compound fertilizer are mixed with surface soil to serve as base fertilizer and are applied to the planting holes for standby; firstly, backfilling surface soil of 5-10 cm in the planting holes with the base fertilizer, compacting, and then planting the seedlings of the Jinfo mountain square bamboos and the golden cypress in the corresponding planting holes; weeding and loosening soil are respectively carried out for 1 time in 4 months and 9 months every year; within 2-3 years after planting, fertilizing by combining weeding and loosening soil; and (4) nursing and managing the Jinfo mountain square bamboos and the golden cypress in time. The planting method makes the two make up for the deficiency, and effectively solves the problem of long-term and short-term economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to a method for compositely planting Jinfo mountain square bamboos and golden cypress.
Background
The Jinfo mountain square bamboo, a plant of Gramineae and Hanzhu genus, is in the shape of arbor, and is a cold-loving plant. The bamboo shoots appear in 9-11 months mostly, are delicious in taste and rich in nutritive value, and are high-quality bamboo shoots rich in amino acids, high proteins, high fibers and low sugar; cortex Phellodendri (phellodendron amurense Rupr. of phellodendron of Rutaceae) is distributed in southern Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi, etc., and the inner layer of the bark is processed and used as medicine. Bitter taste and cold nature. Clearing away heat and toxic materials, purging pathogenic fire, and eliminating dampness; the cork layer is made of hard wood with yellowish edge and yellow-brown core, and is excellent material for gun stock, furniture and decoration. The fruit can be used as insect repellent and dye.
At present, the Jinfo mountain square bamboos and the golden cypress are planted separately, but when the golden cypress and the golden cypress are planted separately, the land utilization rate is low, the intra-species competition is small, and the growth of plants is not facilitated; moreover, at present, the research on the Jinfo mountain square bamboos mainly focuses on the aspects of growth rules, nutrient components, artificial cultivation technology and the like, and the mixed mating planting technology is rarely reported.
Therefore, how to provide a method for planting the Jinfo mountain square bamboo and the phellodendron bark in a composite mode is a problem which needs to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for composite planting of the golden mountain square bamboos and the golden cypress, the mixed mating and planting of the golden mountain square bamboos and the golden cypress fully utilizes the growth advantages of the golden mountain square bamboos and the golden cypress, makes up for the deficiencies of the golden mountain square bamboos and the golden cypress, and effectively solves the problem of long-term and short-term economic benefits.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for planting Jinfo mountain square bamboo and phellodendron bark in a composite mode comprises the following steps:
1) selecting seedlings: selecting the seedlings of the Jinfo mountain square bamboos and the phellodendron amurense, and pressing the seedlings of the Jinfo mountain square bamboos: carrying out primary planting mixed preparation on the phellodendron seedlings in a ratio of 6: 4;
2) digging a planting hole: excavating planting holes among the configured Jinfo mountain square bamboo forest rows;
3) applying a base fertilizer: 0.2 kg-0.5 kg of calcium superphosphate, 0.05kg of urea or 0.2kg of compound fertilizer (N: P: K is 15: 15) are mixed with a proper amount of surface soil to be used as base fertilizer to be applied in the planting holes for standby; the volume ratio of the fertilizer to the surface soil is 1: 5;
4) planting: firstly, backfilling surface soil of 5-10 cm in the planting holes with the base fertilizer, compacting, and then planting the seedlings of the Jinfo mountain square bamboos and the golden cypress in the corresponding planting holes; after backfilling, the fertilizer is favorably isolated from the bamboo roots, and the fertilizer is prevented from burning the roots; after the fertilizer is more cured in soil, root nutrition is better provided;
5) management: weeding and loosening soil are respectively carried out for 1 time in 4 months and 9 months every year; within 2-3 years after planting, fertilizing by combining weeding and loosening soil;
6) tending management: and (4) nursing and managing the Jinfo mountain square bamboos and the golden cypress in time.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: according to the method, the resource advantages of the golden bergamot square bamboos and the golden cypress are utilized, the golden bergamot square bamboos are shade-loving, moisture-proof and weak in supporting force and need to be protected by upper-layer trees, and the golden cypress of the tall arbor tree species is planted in the golden bergamot square bamboo young forest through mixed configuration and tending management, so that the good growth and yield of the golden cypress are ensured, indexes such as effective components of medicinal materials are not influenced, the golden bergamot square bamboos can be fostered by ploughing, the growth of the golden bergamot square bamboos is promoted, and the shading effect of the golden cypress in the square. The composite operation planting method for planting the golden cypress under the Jinfo mountain square bamboo forest can realize the efficient and intensive utilization of land, can develop the traditional Chinese medicine industry, improves the ecological function and the economic benefit of the existing forest stand, and is a planting method worthy of operation and popularization.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step 1), the selection of the golden bergamot square bamboo seedlings is as follows: selecting 2-3 years old mother bamboos, 2-3 plants per cluster, and keeping 20cm of bamboo rhizome, 30cm of bamboo rhizome, soil, flourishing branches and leaves, normal bamboo joints and healthy bamboo clusters without diseases and insect pests, wherein the connected bamboo rhizome has more than 5 healthy bamboo buds; or 2-year-old healthy plants without diseases and insect pests are selected as the bare-rooted seedlings, the ground diameter is larger than 0.35cm, the tillering is more than 2 seedlings, and the height of the seedlings is larger than 40 cm; or 1 year-old healthy and strong plants without diseases and insect pests are selected for the seedlings in the nutrition bag, the ground diameter is larger than 0.15cm, the tillering is 3 seedlings, the buds are more than 2, and the height of the seedlings is larger than 20 cm.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step 1), the selecting of the phellodendron amurense seedling is as follows: selecting seedlings with the ground diameter of more than 1.0cm, the seedling height of more than 100cm, the main root length of 25cm, 2-3 lateral roots, the root width of more than 30cm, intact terminal buds, mechanical injuries and insect spots.
As the preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 2), the planting hole specification of the mother bamboo seedlings is 80cm multiplied by 60cm multiplied by 40 cm; the planting hole specification of the bare-rooted seedling or the nutrition bag seedling is 60cm multiplied by 50cm multiplied by 40 cm; the planting hole of cortex Phellodendri is 50cm × 50cm × 40 cm.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the bamboo rhizome of the mother bamboo seedling is 20cm from the root of the bamboo, the rhizome is removed by 30cm, so the required planting hole is larger, and the bamboo rhizome of the bare-rooted seedling and the bamboo rhizome of the nutrition bag seedling are shorter than the bamboo rhizome of the mother bamboo seedling, so the labor cost is saved, and the specification of the planting hole needs to be distinguished.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 4), the permanent planting is permanent planting in cloudy days or after rains;
when the Jinfo mountain square bamboos are fixedly planted, the soil is filled to be close to the surface of the root disc, water is permeated for one time, and the soil is covered after the water is permeated, until the periphery of the vertical bamboos is cultivated into a turtle back shape;
when the phellodendron is fixedly planted, the phellodendron is tightly treaded and compacted after fixedly planting and covering soil until the soil is 10-15 cm higher than the ground, and a black film is used for covering and preserving soil moisture at a root disc.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the roots of the plants are injured when the plants are transplanted, the transpiration effect in sunny days is greater than that in cloudy days, the injured roots absorb water limitedly, the transpiration effect in overground parts is still great, the plants are wilted and even lose water to die, and therefore the plants are planted in cloudy days or rainy days; the Jinfo mountain square bamboo belongs to shallow root plants, which are not suitable for deep cultivation, so as to avoid lodging, and the ground is covered into a turtle back shape. When planting seedlings, the root system is required to be stretched, the fine soil backfilling is tightly combined with the root group, and the root system cannot be curled and upwarped in the soil. Compacting by treading after covering soil, and finally piling soil to be 10-15 cm higher than the ground
As the preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 4), within 1 year after the field planting, if the drought and rainless, the soil is dry and irrigated in time; if flood water accumulation occurs, ditching and draining are carried out in time.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step 5), the application of the Jinfo mountain square bamboos is gradually broadcast along with the expansion of bamboo rhizome in a hole application or furrow application mode, wherein the application amount per hectare for the first time is 80-100kg of compound fertilizer, and the application amount per hectare for the second time is 60-80kg of quick-acting fertilizer;
the phellodendron is fertilized with 15-20kg of quick-acting fertilizer per hectare for the first time, and 60-80kg of compound fertilizer per hectare for the second time.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step 6), the tending management of the golden bergamot square bamboos is as follows: hooking the tip before the new bamboo leaves are spread every year; in the bamboo shoot picking period, bamboo shoots are picked once in 3-4 days, 6750 strong bamboo shoots are selected and reserved every hectare every year, and after the bamboo shoots are picked, commercial organic fertilizer is applied for 15t every hectare;
tending management of phellodendron comprises: and repairing and removing part of branches after germination, and keeping the canopy density of the forest land at 0.3-0.4.
Phellodendron bark is disposed as an upper arbor, which is not resistant to concealment and is favored by sunlight, while the golden mountain square bamboo is used as a lower arbor and needs shading. The two are planted in a composite way, and can make up for each other's deficiencies after planting. When the canopy density of the Huangbailin is kept between 0.3 and 0.4, an optimum environment can be provided for the growth of the Jinfo mangosteen. When the canopy density is more than 0.6, the illumination is too weak, which is not beneficial to the growth of the square bamboos, and the square bamboos cannot survive when the canopy density is more than 0.8.
As the preferable technical scheme of the invention, weak bamboo shoots, small bamboo shoots and bamboo shoots are removed from the new bamboo shoots in time, good and bad bamboo shoots are remained, and strong bamboo shoots grown out of soil in the full-grown period of the grown bamboo shoots are remained.
In conclusion, the phellodendron belongs to deep-rooted tree species, the upper-layer arbor is happy; the Jinfo mountain square bamboo is shallow in root and needs a certain shading for lower wood, the mixed mating of the Jinfo mountain square bamboo and the golden cypress fully utilizes the growth advantages of the Jinfo mountain square bamboo and the golden cypress, makes up for the deficiencies of the golden cypress, and carries out mixed planting, thereby effectively solving the problem of long-term and short-term economic benefits, the golden cypress needs about 8 years to take effect, and the Jinfo mountain square bamboo takes effect for 4 years. The method of the invention has scientific management, intensive management, visible benefit for 4 years of planting, output value of 3000 yuan and output-input ratio of 14 times.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a composite planting pattern of Jinfo mountain square bamboo and phellodendron bark; wherein, O represents the Jinfo mountain square bamboo,
represents cortex Phellodendri;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the growth of a composite planted seedling;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing growth conditions after 4 years of compound planting.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the beneficial effects of the present invention, the present invention is further illustrated by the following three specific examples:
example 1
A composite management and planting method of Jinfo mountain square bamboo and phellodendron bark comprises the following steps:
step (1) selecting the square bamboo seedling of Jinfo mountain
Selecting a mother bamboo which is grown for 2 to 3 years, has the ground diameter of more than 2cm and 2 to 3 plants per cluster, reserving 20cm of the bamboo rhizome, removing the bamboo rhizome by 30cm, carrying soil, flourishing branches and leaves, having normal bamboo joints and being healthy and healthy without diseases and insect pests, and the connected bamboo rhizome has more than 5 healthy bamboo rhizome buds;
step (2) selecting phellodendron amurense seedling
The ground diameter is more than 1.0cm, the seedling height is more than 100cm, the main root is 25cm, the lateral roots are 2-3, the root width is more than 30cm, the terminal bud is intact, and no mechanical injury or pest and spot are caused;
step (3) mixed mating device
Carrying out primary planting mixed mixing configuration according to the proportion of 6:4, planting 111 plants of the Jinfo mountain square bamboos, 74 plants of the golden cypress and 185 plants of the total number of planted plants. After the golden mountain square bamboos are planted, thinning 18 golden cypress, wherein the planting standard of the golden mountain square bamboos is 3 x 3m, and the planting standard of the golden cypress is 6 x 6 m;
step (4) digging planting hole
Digging planting holes among selected Jinfo mountain square bamboo forest rows, wherein the specifications of the planting holes for transplanting the mother bamboo seedlings are 80cm multiplied by 60cm multiplied by 40cm, and the specifications of the planting holes for golden cypress are 50cm multiplied by 40 cm.
Step (5) applying base fertilizer
0.2 kg-0.5 kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.05kg of urea or 0.2kg of compound fertilizer (N: P: K is 15: 15) are used in each hole, and a proper amount of surface soil is mixed to be used as a base fertilizer to be placed in the holes for later use;
step (6) planting
The planting of the Jinfo mountain square bamboo and the phellodendron is preferably carried out along with the planting, and the planting is preferably carried out in cloudy days or after rain, and 1 bunch of planting is carried out in each hole. Strictly following the technical requirements of 'big hole, shallow planting, root relaxing and tight surrounding'.
During planting, backfilling 5cm of surface soil in the holes with the base fertilizer applied, compacting, righting the root disks of the Jinfo mountain square bamboos in the holes, returning soil, and compacting in layers; watering and permeating water once when the filled soil is close to the surface of the root disc, covering soil after the water is permeated, and cultivating the ground bamboo into a turtle back shape around the vertical bamboo; the phellodendron is planted, covered with soil, tightly treaded and compacted, finally the soil is piled up to be 10cm higher than the ground, and the root disc is covered with a black film to preserve soil moisture after being planted.
In the 1 st year of newly-built bamboo forests, if the drought and rainless occur for a long time, the soil should be irrigated in time to keep the soil moist; if flood water is accumulated, ditching and draining should be carried out in time.
Step (7) weeding, loosening soil and fertilizing
During weeding and loosening the soil, the bamboo rhizome, bamboo joint and bamboo bud are not damaged. The weeding and soil loosening are required to be shallow close to the plants and 8cm deep outside.
Weeding and loosening soil 2 times every year in 4 months and 9 months respectively. The weeds are paved on the forest land to become fertilizers after rotting, a fertilizing mode is selected according to the forest land, hole application or furrow application is adopted within 2-3 years after field planting, the fertilizer is gradually applied along with the expansion of bamboo rhizome in a scattering mode, soil loosening and weeding are combined for fertilizing, the fertilizing amount per hectare at the first time is 80kg of compound fertilizer, the fertilizing amount per hectare at the second time is mainly quick-acting fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount per hectare is 60 kg. The first time, the first hectare of phellodendron bark is applied with 15kg of quick-acting fertilizer, the second time, the second hectare is mainly applied with 60kg of compound fertilizer, and the tree trunk is evenly spread within 30 cm.
During weeding and loosening the soil, the bamboo rhizome, bamboo joint and bamboo bud are not damaged. The weeding and soil loosening are required to be shallow close to the plants and 8cm deep outside.
Step (8) tending management
Newly-built bamboo forest needs to be managed and protected by a special person, if the bamboo forest has bare roots and bare penis, soil is covered in time and covers are filled; when the drought occurs for a long time and the soil is dry, irrigation is carried out in time to keep the soil moist; if flood water is accumulated, ditching and draining should be carried out in time. The new bamboo can timely remove weak bamboo shoots, small bamboo shoots and bamboo shoots, keep good and bad, keep the strong bamboo shoots growing out of soil in the full period of the grown bamboo shoots and promote the young bamboo to be in forest;
hooking the shoot before the leaves of the new bamboo are spread every year, putting the bamboo shoots into production after 4 years, wherein the bamboo shoot picking period lasts about 35 days, picking the bamboo shoots once every 3 to 4 days, selecting and reserving 6750 strong bamboo shoots per hectare every year, and applying 15 tons of organic fertilizer per hectare after the bamboo shoots are picked. And (3) trimming partial branches of the phellodendron amurense which is an upper layer arbor after germination to ensure that the phellodendron amurense grows vertically. Keeping the canopy density of the forest land at 0.3-0.4.
Example 2
The composite management and planting method for the Jinfo mountain square bamboos and the golden cypress comprises the following steps:
step (1) selecting the square bamboo seedling of Jinfo mountain
Selecting 2-year-old healthy plants without diseases and insect pests, wherein the ground diameter is more than 0.35cm, the tillering is more than 2 seedlings, and the height of the seedlings is more than 40 cm.
Step (2) selecting phellodendron amurense seedling
The ground diameter is more than 1.0cm, the seedling height is more than 100cm, the main root is 25cm, the lateral roots are 2-3, the root width is more than 30cm, the terminal bud is intact, and no mechanical injury or pest and spot are caused.
Step (3) mixed mating device
The mixed preparation of the initial planting and the mixed preparation is carried out according to the proportion of 6: 4. 111 plants of the Jinfo mountain square bamboo are planted, 74 plants of the phellodendron, and 185 plants are planted in total. After the Jinfo mountain square bamboos are planted, thinning and reserving 18 phellodendron; the planting standard of the golden mountain square bamboos is 3 x 3m, and the planting standard of the golden cypress is 6 x 6 m;
step (4) digging planting hole
Digging planting holes among selected Jinfo mountain square bamboo forest rows, wherein the specification of the planting holes of the seedlings is 60cm multiplied by 50cm multiplied by 40cm, and the specification of the planting holes of the golden cypress is 50cm multiplied by 40 cm.
Step (5) applying base fertilizer
0.2 kg-0.5 kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.05kg of urea or 0.2kg of compound fertilizer (N: P: K is 15: 15) are used in each hole, and a proper amount of surface soil is mixed to be used as a base fertilizer to be placed in the holes for later use.
Step (6) planting
The planting of the Jinfo mountain square bamboo and the phellodendron is preferably carried out along with the planting, and the planting is preferably carried out in cloudy days or after rain, and 1 bunch of planting is carried out in each hole. Strictly following the technical requirements of 'big hole, shallow planting, root relaxing and tight surrounding'.
During planting, 8cm of surface soil is backfilled in the holes with the base fertilizer applied and compacted, and the Jinfo mountain square bamboo root discs are placed in the holes, are righted, return to the soil and are compacted in a layered mode; watering and permeating water once when the filled soil is close to the surface of the root disc, covering soil after the water is permeated, and cultivating the ground bamboo into a turtle back shape around the vertical bamboo; the phellodendron is planted, covered with soil, tightly treaded and compacted, finally the soil is piled up to be 12cm higher than the ground, and the root disc is covered with a black film to preserve soil moisture after being planted.
In the 1 st year of newly-built bamboo forests, if the drought and rainless occur for a long time, the soil should be irrigated in time to keep the soil moist; if flood water is accumulated, ditching and draining should be carried out in time.
Step (7) weeding, loosening soil and fertilizing
Weeding and loosening soil 2 times every year in 4 months and 9 months respectively. The weeds are paved on the forest land to become fertilizers after rotting, a fertilizing mode is selected according to the forest land, hole application or furrow application is adopted within 2-3 years after field planting, the fertilizer is gradually applied along with the expansion of bamboo rhizome in a scattering mode, soil loosening and weeding are combined for fertilizing, the fertilizing amount per hectare at the first time is 90kg of compound fertilizer, the fertilizing amount per hectare at the second time is mainly quick-acting fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount per hectare is 70 kg. The first time, the fertilizing amount of phellodendron is 18kg of quick-acting fertilizer per hectare, the second time, the fertilizing amount of phellodendron is 70kg of compound fertilizer per hectare. The mixture is uniformly spread in the range of 30cm of the trunk.
During weeding and loosening the soil, the bamboo rhizome, bamboo joint and bamboo bud are not damaged. The weeding and soil loosening are required to be shallow close to the plants and 8cm deep outside.
Step (8) tending management
Newly-built bamboo forest needs to be managed and protected by a special person, if the bamboo forest has bare roots and bare penis, soil is covered in time and covers are filled; when the drought occurs for a long time and the soil is dry, irrigation is carried out in time to keep the soil moist; if flood water is accumulated, ditching and draining should be carried out in time. The new bamboo can timely remove weak bamboo shoots, small bamboo shoots and bamboo shoots, keep good and bad, keep the strong bamboo shoots growing out of soil in the full period of the grown bamboo shoots and promote the young bamboo to be in forest.
Hooking the shoot before the leaves of the new bamboo are spread every year, putting the bamboo shoots into the bamboo shoots for production after 4 years, wherein the bamboo shoot picking period lasts about 35 days, picking the bamboo shoots once every 3 to 4 days, selecting 6750 strong bamboo shoots per hectare every year, and applying 15t of organic fertilizer per hectare after the bamboo shoots are picked. And (3) trimming partial branches of the phellodendron amurense which is an upper layer arbor after germination to ensure that the phellodendron amurense grows vertically. Keeping the canopy density of the forest land at 0.3-0.4.
Example 3
Step (1) selecting the square bamboo seedling of Jinfo mountain
Selecting 1 year-old healthy and strong plant without plant diseases and insect pests, wherein the ground diameter is more than 0.15cm, the tillering is more than 3 seedlings and 2 buds, and the seedling height is more than 20 cm.
Step (2) selecting phellodendron amurense seedling
The ground diameter is more than 1.0cm, the seedling height is more than 100cm, the main root is 25cm, the lateral roots are 2-3, the root width is more than 30cm, the terminal bud is intact, and no mechanical injury or pest and spot are caused.
Step (3) mixed mating device
The mixed preparation of the initial planting and the mixed preparation is carried out according to the proportion of 6: 4. 111 plants of the Jinfo mountain square bamboo are planted, 74 plants of the phellodendron, and 185 plants are planted in total. After the Jinfo mountain square bamboos are planted, thinning and reserving 18 phellodendron; the planting standard of the golden mountain square bamboos is 3 x 3m, and the planting standard of the golden cypress is 6 x 6 m;
step (4) digging planting hole
Digging planting holes among selected Jinfo mountain square bamboo forest rows, wherein the specification of the planting holes of the nutrition bag seedlings is 60cm multiplied by 50cm multiplied by 40cm, and the specification of the planting holes of the golden cypress is 50cm multiplied by 40 cm.
Step (5) applying base fertilizer
0.2 kg-0.5 kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.05kg of urea or 0.2kg of compound fertilizer (N: P: K is 15: 15) are used in each hole, and a proper amount of surface soil is mixed to be used as a base fertilizer to be placed in the holes for later use;
step (6) planting
The planting of the Jinfo mountain square bamboo and the phellodendron is preferably carried out along with the planting, and the planting is preferably carried out in cloudy days or after rain, and 1 bunch of planting is carried out in each hole. Strictly following the technical requirements of 'big hole, shallow planting, root relaxing and tight surrounding'.
During planting, backfilling 10cm of surface soil in the holes with the base fertilizer applied, compacting, righting the root disks of the Jinfo mountain square bamboos in the holes, returning soil, and compacting in layers; watering and permeating water once when the filled soil is close to the surface of the root disc, covering soil after the water is permeated, and cultivating the ground bamboo into a turtle back shape around the vertical bamboo; the phellodendron is planted, covered with soil, tightly treaded and compacted, finally the soil is piled up to be 15cm higher than the ground, and the root disc is covered with a black film to preserve soil moisture after being planted.
In the 1 st year of newly-built bamboo forests, if the drought and rainless occur for a long time, the soil should be irrigated in time to keep the soil moist; if flood water is accumulated, ditching and draining should be carried out in time.
Step (7) weeding, loosening soil and fertilizing
Weeding and loosening soil 2 times every year in 4 months and 9 months respectively. The weeds are paved on the forest land to become fertilizers after rotting, a fertilizing mode is selected according to the forest land, hole application or furrow application is adopted within 2-3 years after field planting, the fertilizer is gradually applied along with the expansion of bamboo rhizome in a scattering mode, soil loosening and weeding are combined for fertilizing, the fertilizing amount per hectare at the first time is 80kg of compound fertilizer, the fertilizing amount per hectare at the second time is mainly quick-acting fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount per hectare is 60 kg. The first time, the first hectare of phellodendron bark is fertilized with 20kg of quick-acting fertilizer, the second time, the second hectare is mainly fertilized with 80kg of compound fertilizer, and the phellodendron bark is uniformly spread in the range of 30cm of trunk.
During weeding and loosening the soil, the bamboo rhizome, bamboo joint and bamboo bud are not damaged. The weeding and soil loosening are required to be shallow close to the plants and 8cm deep outside.
Step (8) tending management
Newly-built bamboo forest needs to be managed and protected by a special person, if the bamboo forest has bare roots and bare penis, soil is covered in time and covers are filled; when the drought occurs for a long time and the soil is dry, irrigation is carried out in time to keep the soil moist; if flood water is accumulated, ditching and draining should be carried out in time. The new bamboo can timely remove weak bamboo shoots, small bamboo shoots and bamboo shoots, keep good and bad, keep the strong bamboo shoots growing out of soil in the full period of the grown bamboo shoots and promote the young bamboo to be in forest.
Hooking the shoot before the leaves of the new bamboo are spread every year, putting the bamboo shoots into the bamboo shoots for production after 4 years, wherein the bamboo shoot picking period lasts about 35 days, picking the bamboo shoots once every 3 to 4 days, selecting 6750 strong bamboo shoots per hectare every year, and applying 15t of organic fertilizer per hectare after the bamboo shoots are picked. And (3) trimming partial branches of the phellodendron amurense which is an upper layer arbor after germination to ensure that the phellodendron amurense grows vertically. Keeping the canopy density of the forest land at 0.3-0.4.
The experiment was carried out as in example 3:
preparing soil according to holes on a test field in 3 months in 2016, combining weeding, loosening soil and fertilizing in 9 months in 4 months every year, and the planting area is 33hm2(ii) a The growth conditions before and after 4 years of growth of the compound planting young forest are shown in figures 2 and 3;
investigation method
Harvesting the Jinfo mountain square bamboo shoots in 9-11 last month of 2020. Random sampling investigation is carried out, the investigation area of each sample plot is 5 mu, and 3 sample plots are arranged in total. Collecting bamboo shoots in the investigation sample plot, measuring the diameter of the bamboo shoots and weighing the bamboo shoots, and showing in table 1;
TABLE 1
| Sample plot | Average diameter of bamboo shoot cm | Average bamboo shoot length cm | Average weight g | Total yield kg |
| Sample plot No. 1 | 2.25 | 29.8 | 130 | 1235 |
| Sample plot No. 2 | 2.85 | 31.3 | 186 | 1245 |
| No. 3 sample plot | 2.67 | 30.8 | 173 | 1280 |
| Per mu yield per unit area | 250.7 |
Analysis of results
Analysis of yield of Square bamboo
The yield of the bamboo shoots in the same plot of the square bamboos is shown in Table 1: the yield of the bamboo shoots in the plot is 250 KG/mu on average. Making beds 1.25m according to the land utilization rate of 87% (the row spacing of bamboo forest is 3m, the middle bamboo shoot picking channel), and the yield of the bamboo shoots is 3750KG/hm2。
Analysis of phellodendron yield
The phellodendron bark can be harvested after being planted for 8 years, 300 phellodendron bark trees can be planted in each hectare according to the purpose of compound operation of golden berg square bamboos and phellodendron bark, 8 kilograms of dried bark can be collected according to each tree of 8-year-old trees, the market price is 18 yuan/kilogram, and the income per hectare is 4.32 yuan.
Analysis of economic benefits
Investment cost
The investment cost mainly comprises the seedling cost, the labor cost for soil preparation and cleaning, the labor cost for fertilizer and fertilization, the field management cost, the pest control cost and the like. In 2020, the bamboo shoots are sold with income of 33750 yuan.
TABLE 2 analysis of investment costs of Jinfo mountain square bamboo and phellodendron bark
And (4) calculating the input-output analysis yield value.
Jinfo mountain square bamboo 3750KG/hm2Average unit price of 9 yuan/kg and square bamboo sales income of 33750 yuan/hm2。
TABLE 3 income table of input and output (year)
The return on investment is 6 years, and the net profit of 6 years is the sales income-the investment cost is 24805.5 yuan.
The average annual profit margin of investment before 6 years is 26.7% net profit/investment cost.
The average annual investment profit is 2359 yuan before 6 years.
After the return on investment period, the average annual profit is income-annual cost 27525 yuan.
15 years total return on investment x 100%, (585166.5/40894.5 x 100%, (1427))
The project input-output ratio is 1: 14.
the embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. A method for planting Jinfo mountain square bamboo and phellodendron bark in a composite mode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting seedlings: selecting the seedlings of the Jinfo mountain square bamboos and the phellodendron amurense, and pressing the seedlings of the Jinfo mountain square bamboos: carrying out primary planting mixed preparation on the phellodendron seedlings in a ratio of 6: 4;
2) digging a planting hole: excavating planting holes among the configured Jinfo mountain square bamboo forest rows;
3) applying a base fertilizer: 0.2 kg-0.5 kg of calcium superphosphate and 0.05kg of urea or 0.2kg of compound fertilizer are mixed with surface soil to serve as base fertilizer and are applied to the planting holes for standby;
4) planting: firstly, backfilling surface soil of 5-10 cm in the planting holes with the base fertilizer, compacting, and then planting the seedlings of the Jinfo mountain square bamboos and the golden cypress in the corresponding planting holes;
5) management: weeding and loosening soil are respectively carried out for 1 time in 4 months and 9 months every year; within 2-3 years after planting, fertilizing by combining weeding and loosening soil;
6) tending management: and (4) nursing and managing the Jinfo mountain square bamboos and the golden cypress in time.
2. The method for planting the golden mountain square bamboo and the golden cypress in a combined manner according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the selection of the golden mountain square bamboo seedlings is as follows: selecting 2-3 years old mother bamboos, 2-3 plants per cluster, and keeping 20cm of bamboo rhizome, 30cm of bamboo rhizome, soil, flourishing branches and leaves, normal bamboo joints and healthy bamboo clusters without diseases and insect pests, wherein the connected bamboo rhizome has more than 5 healthy bamboo buds; or 2-year-old healthy plants without diseases and insect pests are selected as the bare-rooted seedlings, the ground diameter is larger than 0.35cm, the tillering is more than 2 seedlings, and the height of the seedlings is larger than 40 cm; or 1 year-old healthy and strong plants without diseases and insect pests are selected for the seedlings in the nutrition bag, the ground diameter is larger than 0.15cm, the tillering is 3 seedlings, the buds are more than 2, and the height of the seedlings is larger than 20 cm.
3. The method for planting Jinfo mountain square bamboo and phellodendron amurense in a composite manner according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the phellodendron amurense seedling is selected as follows: selecting seedlings with the ground diameter of more than 1.0cm, the seedling height of more than 100cm, the main root length of 25cm, 2-3 lateral roots, the root width of more than 30cm, intact terminal buds and no mechanical injury or pest spots.
4. The method for planting the Jinfo mountain square bamboo and the phellodendron amurense in a compounding manner according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2), the planting hole specification of the mother bamboo seedlings is 80cm x 60cm x 40 cm; the planting hole specification of the bare-rooted seedling or the nutrition bag seedling is 60cm multiplied by 50cm multiplied by 40 cm; the planting hole of cortex Phellodendri is 50cm × 50cm × 40 cm.
5. The method for combined planting of the Jinfo mountain square bamboos and the golden cypress according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the field planting is field planting in cloudy days or after rain;
when the Jinfo mountain square bamboos are fixedly planted, the soil is filled to be close to the surface of the root disc, water is permeated for one time, and the soil is covered after the water is permeated, until the periphery of the vertical bamboos is cultivated into a turtle back shape;
when the phellodendron is fixedly planted, the phellodendron is tightly treaded and compacted after fixedly planting and covering soil until the soil is 10-15 cm higher than the ground, and a black film is used for covering and preserving soil moisture at a root disc.
6. The method for planting the Jinfo mountain square bamboo and the phellodendron amurense according to claim 5, wherein in the step 4), irrigation is carried out in time within 1 year after planting, if drought and rainless conditions occur for a long time, the soil is dry; if flood water accumulation occurs, ditching and draining are carried out in time.
7. The method for planting the Jinfo mountain square bamboos and the golden cypress in a compounding manner according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the Jinfo mountain square bamboos are fertilized in a hole application or furrow application manner along with the expansion of the bamboo rhizome, the fertilizing amount per hectare for the first time is 80-100kg of compound fertilizer, and the fertilizing amount per hectare for the second time is 60-80kg of quick-acting fertilizer;
the phellodendron is fertilized with 15-20kg of quick-acting fertilizer per hectare for the first time, and 60-80kg of compound fertilizer per hectare for the second time.
8. The method for planting the Jinfoshan square bamboo and the phellodendron amurense in a combined manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tending management of the Jinfoshan square bamboo in the step 6) is as follows: hooking the tip before the new bamboo leaves are spread every year; in the bamboo shoot picking period, bamboo shoots are picked once in 3-4 days, 6750 strong bamboo shoots are selected and reserved every hectare every year, and after the bamboo shoots are picked, commercial organic fertilizer is applied for 15t every hectare;
tending management of phellodendron comprises: and repairing and removing part of branches after germination, and keeping the canopy density of the forest land at 0.3-0.4.
9. The method for planting Jinfo mountain bamboo and phellodendron amurense in a combined manner as claimed in claim 8, wherein weak bamboo shoots, small bamboo shoots and bamboo shoots are removed from the new bamboo in time, good and bad conditions are remained, and strong bamboo shoots are remained in the soil and grow in the full-growth period of the grown bamboo shoots.
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