CN113016479A - Yield-stabilizing and efficiency-enhancing planting mode and sustainable operation harvesting method for bamboo forest for bamboo shoots - Google Patents
Yield-stabilizing and efficiency-enhancing planting mode and sustainable operation harvesting method for bamboo forest for bamboo shoots Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stable-yield and synergistic planting mode and a sustainable management harvesting method for bamboo shoots, which comprises soil improvement and strip soil preparation before the bamboo shoots are planted, bamboo moving and forestation in the planting process, management and isolation, bamboo cultivation promotion of bamboo shoots after the planting process, and strip harvesting. The invention provides a stable-yield and synergistic planting mode and a sustainable operation harvesting method of a bamboo shoot forest, aiming at the technical problems of extensive operation, low yield, declining bamboo forest, low benefit and the like in the current production and operation of the bamboo shoot forest, which can effectively prevent soil degradation, unstable yield and quality reduction in the production and operation of the bamboo shoot forest, resolve the contradiction between bamboo shoot harvesting and bamboo shoot remaining and raising, improve the bamboo shoot rate and production sustainability of young bamboos, and are beneficial to the yield improvement and benefit improvement of a newly-built bamboo shoot forest.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forestry production and sustainable management of bamboo shoots, and particularly provides a stable-yield and synergistic planting mode and a sustainable management harvesting method of bamboo shoots.
Background
Bamboo, known as Bambusoideae, is a common name of the bamboo subfamily of the family Gramineae, and is a perennial woody plant. Bamboo, deficiency of heart, hardness, evergreen in the four seasons, and no fear of standing cold. People love bamboos and enjoy bamboo planting because the bamboos are various in variety and wide in application, and can be used for landscape appreciation and providing various forest product services for human beings.
China is a big bamboo resource country, and bamboo resources for bamboo shoots which are mainly used for management purposes are quite rich and have a long cultivation history. In the traditional bamboo district of China, because the culture level of bamboo farmers is low and the professional theory of bamboo production and operation for bamboo shoots is lacked, when the bamboo forest is operated, a uniform operation mode and a rough harvesting mode are usually adopted for the bamboo forest, so that the soil degradation, the decline, the low quality and the low benefit of the bamboo forest are caused, and the yield and the productivity of the bamboo forest are gradually reduced, thereby becoming a technical problem to be solved urgently in the production of the bamboo forest for bamboo shoots at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the technical problems of extensive operation, low yield and low benefit in the current production of bamboo shoot forest for bamboo in China, and the defects of blind collection, unstable yield and low utilization rate of bamboo forest land resources commonly existing in bamboo shoot harvesting seasons, and provides a stable-yield and synergistic planting mode and a sustainable operation harvesting method for bamboo shoot forest for bamboo, so as to solve the technical difficulties of bamboo forest degradation, strong randomness of bamboo shoot harvesting, serious damage of young bamboo and low productivity in the current production and operation of bamboo shoot forest for bamboo shoot in China.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a stable-yield and synergistic planting mode and a sustainable operation harvesting method for bamboo shoots, which are characterized by comprising the following steps of: soil improvement and strip soil preparation before planting of the bamboo forest, bamboo moving and afforestation and operation isolation during planting, bamboo cultivation promotion after planting and strip harvesting.
The soil improvement comprises deep soil turning, soil loosening and organic fertilizer application, and the pH value of the soil is properly adjusted to maintain the pH value of the soil in the bamboo forest to be 6.5-7.0;
performing strip-shaped soil preparation on the bamboo forest planting land according to local conditions, and strip-shaped leveling with the belt width of 2.8-3.0 m to ensure that the planting land is flat and easy to plough, and digging strip-shaped ditches between strips;
the bamboo-moving afforestation is to plant excellent bamboo shoots growing for 1-2 years in strips in a planting field in a bamboo-cutting and bamboo-moving afforestation mode;
the operation isolation is that an isolation groove is arranged in a strip-shaped ditch between the planting zones to play double roles of isolation and footpath;
the bamboo shoot cultivation promoting method comprises the steps of implementing once-a-year organic matter coverage on a newly-built bamboo forest in the second year after moving bamboo forests, controlling weeds, regulating temperature and water, and promoting growth of the bamboo shoots, wherein the thickness of the organic matter coverage is 5-10 cm;
the wheel belt harvesting is to implement centralized bamboo shoot harvesting on the bamboo forest from the fourth year of afforestation, the harvesting mode is a wheel belt type, namely the bamboo forest planting belt is divided into a harvesting belt, a retention belt and a remaining belt, the brand mark is inserted, harvesting is carried out on the harvesting belt in the current year, harvesting is carried out on the retention belt in the next year, harvesting is carried out on the remaining belt in the third year, a cycle is completed in the third year, and the wheel belt harvesting is repeated in this way, so that harvesting, retention and remaining are carried out every year.
The organic fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, and the fertilizer efficiency ratio is N: P: K ═ 5-6: 1: 1.
Wherein the width of the strip-shaped groove is 45-60 cm, and the depth is preferably 80-90 cm.
Wherein the excellent bamboo seed for bamboo shoot is any one of four-season bamboo, high-knot bamboo, sweet bamboo shoot and red-shelled bamboo.
The isolation groove is of a mutually-spliced groove type structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, the top is a concave groove, the width of the groove wall is 35-45 cm, the wall depth is 20-25 cm, the wall thickness is 5-8 cm, the longitudinal length is 50-55 cm, the lower part is a vertical wall, the wall depth is 60-65 cm, the wall thickness is 10-15 cm, and the transverse length of the vertical wall is equal to that of the concave groove at the top.
Wherein, the isolation groove has polarity, that is, has a head part and a tail part, the head part concave groove protrudes 5-10 cm transversely compared with the lower vertical wall, and the tail part concave groove lacks 5-10 cm transversely correspondingly.
The adjacent isolation grooves are fixedly embedded end to form a continuous groove and are arranged in the strip-shaped groove, and stable and neat splicing is ensured without leaving pores.
The isolation groove is made of concrete and aggregate, the surface is naturally leveled, and ventilation and water permeation of the isolation groove are guaranteed.
Wherein the organic matter-covered material is forest intermediate cutting waste which is fully crushed and decomposed, and the particle size of the crushed waste is not more than 3 mm.
The season for intensively picking the bamboo shoots is 3-5 months per year, and the bamboo shoots are flexibly mastered according to the shoot emergence period of the bamboo shoots.
Has the advantages that:
aiming at the technical defects encountered in the production of bamboo forest for bamboo shoots in China at present, the technical method provided by the invention provides a sustainable multi-effect management and harvesting mode which is beneficial to soil improvement and production efficiency improvement of bamboo forest land, is beneficial to keeping bamboo shoots for bamboo cultivation, quality improvement and stable yield and can continuously utilize the bamboo forest land. On one hand, the structural mode provides a series of technical improvement measures aiming at the current situations of soil degradation and bamboo forest degradation commonly existing in the production and operation of the traditional bamboo area in a targeted manner, and is beneficial to the quality improvement and efficiency improvement and the yield improvement of the traditional bamboo area; on the other hand, through ingenious strip ditch and isolation groove design, make different planting areas realize effective separation, avoided the run whip of different planting areas bamboo woods, scurry the root, also can regard as irrigation canal and operation footpath to use temporarily for the damage of conventional production activity in bamboo woods for the bamboo shoot to young bamboo alleviates greatly, has realized killing many birds with one stone, and a thing is multi-purpose. Meanwhile, the invention creatively provides the belt wheel type centralized bamboo shoot picking, the bamboo shoots are picked every year, reserved every year and reserved every year, the damage to the bamboo forest caused by blind bamboo shoot picking in production and management is effectively avoided, and the high-efficiency, stable yield and continuous utilization of the bamboo shoot for production are favorably realized.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or other advantages of the invention will become further apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the shape structure of an isolation groove between different planting zones.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the isolation groove monomer structure between different planting belts.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the manner in which adjacent isolation grooves between different planting belts are interconnected.
Fig. 4 is a side view of adjacent isolation grooves interconnecting different planting belts.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples.
Example 1
In 03-2020 and 12-2014, a stable yield and efficiency increasing planting mode and a sustainable operation harvest planting test of Phyllostachys bambusoides are developed in a dominant agricultural ecological garden (jujube forest bay) in the Yizheng city, and the test scale is 20 mu. The test process is as follows: before the bamboo forest is planted, the garden soil is deeply ploughed and loosened, a formula compound fertilizer is additionally applied to each mu according to the weight of 120kg, the fertilizer efficiency ratio is N: P: K is 5:1:1, and the pH value of the soil (6.4) is adjusted by soda lime to improve the pH value of the soil of the bamboo forest to 6.9. The forest land is prepared in a strip shape according to the south-north direction, the width of the strip is 2.8m, the strip is fully leveled, and strip-shaped grooves with the width of 45cm and the depth of 80cm are dug between the strips.
Introducing banded bamboo transplanting afforestation of 1-year-old bamboo seedlings of Gaozhou bamboo from a special bamboo breeding field in Changzhou city in 04 months in 2014, wherein the plant-line spacing is 50cm multiplied by 60 cm. After the forestation is finished, the special isolation grooves are embedded into the strip-shaped grooves end to end, and the assembly is stable and neat without holes. The isolation groove is made of concrete and aggregate, the surface is naturally leveled, and ventilation and water permeation of the isolation groove are ensured. The shape of the isolation groove is divided into two parts, the top part is a concave groove 2, the groove wall 1 is 35cm wide, 20cm deep, 5cm thick, 50cm long in the transverse direction, the lower part is a vertical wall 3, the vertical wall 3 is 60cm deep, and the wall thickness is 10 cm. And (3) carrying out organic matter covering once a year on the newly-built bamboo forest from the second year after the bamboo forestation is moved, wherein the thickness of the organic matter covering is 5-8 cm, and carrying out conventional water and fertilizer management measures. The covering material is forest thinning waste which is fully crushed and decomposed, and the grain diameter is 2.5 mm.
And (3) carrying out wheel belt type centralized bamboo shoot picking on the bamboo forest from the fourth year after afforestation, namely dividing the bamboo forest planting belt into a picking belt, a retention belt and a remaining belt, inserting brand marks, picking the picking belt in the current year, picking the retention belt in the next year, picking the remaining belt in the third year, completing a cycle in three years, and carrying out the operation in such a way of turning back and continuing.
Planting effect: and (5) picking bamboo shoots in the picking zone in 2018 in 3-5 months, and carrying out bamboo forest investigation on the remaining zone and the remaining area. The result shows that the young bamboo grows well, the growing period of the young bamboo is 4 ten days before the growing period of the young bamboo, 5-8 days earlier than that of the uncovered comparative bamboo, and the growing rate of the young bamboo is almost 100%. The weeds on the surface of the bamboo forest are rare, and the labor cost is greatly reduced. The bamboo shoots are picked only in the remaining zone in the next year, the planting zone after the bamboo shoots are picked in the previous year is fully recovered, the remaining breeding zone is fully developed, and conditions are created for the collection of the bamboo shoots in the third year. Through analysis, the yield of the bamboo shoot materials in the collecting belt, the remaining belt and the remaining cultivation belt is basically stable within three years, the contradiction among production, bamboo shoot collection and bamboo cultivation is coordinated, and the healthy growth and stable yield of the bamboo shoot forest are ensured.
Example 2
In the year 2014, 03-2020, 12, the sustainable operation harvest planting test of the Phyllostachys bambusoides (Phyllostachys prominens) is carried out in the Taiyang test forest field (Taiyang jujube forest bay) of the Taiyang city, and the test scale is 20 mu. The test process is as follows: the method is characterized in that soil is also deeply turned and loosened before the bamboo forest is planted, a formula compound fertilizer is additionally applied according to 120kg per mu, the fertilizer efficiency ratio is N: P: K is 5:1:1, and the pH value of the soil is adjusted by soda lime, so that the pH value of the soil in the bamboo forest is increased to 6.8. The forest land is prepared in a strip shape according to the south-north direction, the width of the strip is 2.8m, the strip is fully leveled, and strip-shaped grooves with the width of 50cm and the depth of 75cm are dug between the strips.
Introducing banded bamboo transplanting afforestation of 1-year-old bamboo seedlings of the Gaozhou bamboo from a special bamboo breeding field in Changzhou city in 04 months in 2014, wherein the plant-line spacing is also 50cm multiplied by 60 cm. After the forestation is finished, the special isolation grooves are embedded into the strip-shaped grooves end to end, and the assembly is stable and neat without holes. The manufacturing materials and specifications of the isolation groove are the same as those of the isolation groove, and conventional water and fertilizer management measures are implemented.
And (3) carrying out wheel belt type centralized bamboo shoot picking on the bamboo forest from the fourth year after afforestation, namely dividing the bamboo forest planting belt into a picking belt, a retention belt and a remaining belt, inserting brand marks, picking the picking belt in the current year, picking the retention belt in the next year, picking the remaining belt in the third year, completing a cycle in three years, and carrying out the operation in such a way of turning back and continuing.
Planting effect: and (5) picking bamboo shoots in the picking zone in 2018 in 3-5 months, and carrying out bamboo forest investigation on the remaining zone and the remaining area. The results show that the young bamboo grows well, the period of the young bamboo growing is 4 late ten days, and the rate of the young bamboo growing is 98%. The surface of the bamboo forest has part of broadleaf weeds. The yield of the bamboo shoot materials in the collecting belt, the remaining belt and the remaining cultivation belt is basically stable within three years, and the production of the collected bamboo shoots does not cause destructive influence on young bamboo shoots.
Example 3
An introduction and planting test of the Phyllostachys bambusoides (Phyllostachys prominens) is carried out in the Sutai agriculture development limited base (the pure region in Nanjing) from 2016 to 2020 by 12 months, and the test scale is 50 mu. Before planting the bamboo forest, the soil is also deeply turned and loosened, and a proper amount of compound fertilizer is applied integrally. The forest land is prepared in a strip shape according to the south-north direction, the width of the strip is 2.8m, the strip is fully leveled, strip-shaped grooves with the width of 50cm and the depth of 75cm are dug between the strips, and an isolation groove is not arranged.
In 2017, in 04 months, banded stump transplanting afforestation of 1-year-old bamboo seedlings of Gaozhou is introduced from a special bamboo breeding field in Changzhou city, the plant-row spacing is also 50cm multiplied by 60cm, but extensive management is carried out, weeding is carried out for 2 times in the same year, and organic matter coverage is not carried out. And (4) carrying out random bamboo shoot picking and utilization on the bamboo forest in the third year after afforestation.
Planting effect: and carrying out field investigation on the bamboo forest in 3-5 months in 2020. The results show that the young bamboos grow well, and some of the young bamboos shoot but are not distributed uniformly. The young bamboo shoot emergence rate is 88 percent, and the shoot emergence period is generally 4 to 5 months later. The surface of the bamboo forest has more broadleaf weeds. The bamboo shoot yield is not stable in three years, and obvious phenomena of whip running and root channeling appear.
The invention provides a stable yield and efficiency-increasing planting mode of bamboo shoots and a sustainable operation harvesting method and a thinking and a method for constructing the same, and particularly provides a plurality of methods and ways for realizing the technical scheme. All the components not specified in the present embodiment can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (10)
1. The stable-yield and synergistic planting mode and the sustainable management and harvesting method of bamboo shoots in bamboo groves are characterized by comprising the following steps of: soil improvement and strip soil preparation before planting of the bamboo forest, bamboo moving and afforestation and operation isolation during planting, bamboo cultivation promotion after planting and strip harvesting.
The soil improvement comprises deep soil turning, soil loosening and organic fertilizer application, and the pH value of the soil is properly adjusted to maintain the pH value of the soil in the bamboo forest to be 6.5-7.0;
performing strip-shaped soil preparation on the bamboo forest planting land according to local conditions, and strip-shaped leveling with the belt width of 2.8-3.0 m to ensure that the planting land is flat and easy to plough, and digging strip-shaped ditches between strips;
the bamboo-moving afforestation is to plant excellent bamboo shoots growing for 1-2 years in strips in a planting field in a bamboo-cutting and bamboo-moving afforestation mode;
the operation isolation is that an isolation groove is arranged in a strip-shaped ditch between the planting zones to play double roles of isolation and footpath;
the bamboo shoot cultivation promoting method comprises the steps of implementing once-a-year organic matter coverage on a newly-built bamboo forest in the second year after moving bamboo forests, controlling weeds, regulating temperature and water, and promoting growth of the bamboo shoots, wherein the thickness of the organic matter coverage is 5-10 cm;
the wheel belt harvesting is to implement centralized bamboo shoot harvesting on the bamboo forest from the fourth year of afforestation, the harvesting mode is a wheel belt type, namely the bamboo forest planting belt is divided into a harvesting belt, a retention belt and a remaining belt, the brand mark is inserted, harvesting is carried out on the harvesting belt in the current year, harvesting is carried out on the retention belt in the next year, harvesting is carried out on the remaining belt in the third year, a cycle is completed in the third year, and the wheel belt harvesting is repeated in this way, so that harvesting, retention and remaining are carried out every year.
2. The bamboo shoot bamboo forest yield-stabilizing and efficiency-enhancing planting mode and the sustainable operation harvesting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, and the fertilizer efficiency ratio is N: P: K ═ 5-6: 1: 1.
3. The yield-stabilizing and efficiency-enhancing planting mode and the sustainable operation harvesting method for bamboo shoots and bamboo forests according to claim 1, wherein the width of the strip-shaped groove is 45-60 cm, and the depth is preferably 80-90 cm.
4. The yield-stabilizing and efficiency-enhancing planting mode and the sustainable management harvesting method of the bamboo forest for bamboo shoots as claimed in claim 1, wherein the excellent bamboo species for bamboo shoots are any one of four season bamboo, high-knot bamboo, sweet bamboo shoot and red shell bamboo.
5. The yield-stabilizing and efficiency-enhancing planting mode and the sustainable operation harvesting method for bamboo shoots in bamboo groves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the isolation groove is of a groove type structure with a wide top and a narrow bottom, the top is a concave groove, the width of the groove wall is 35-45 cm, the depth of the wall is 20-25 cm, the wall thickness is 5-8 cm, the longitudinal length is 50-55 cm, the lower portion is a vertical wall, the depth of the wall is 60-65 cm, the wall thickness is 10-15 cm, and the transverse length of the vertical wall is equal to the transverse length of the concave groove at the top.
6. The yield-stabilizing and efficiency-enhancing planting mode and the sustainable operation harvesting method for bamboo shoots in bamboo groves according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the isolation grooves have polarity, namely, the isolation grooves have a head part and a tail part, the head part concave grooves transversely protrude 5-10 cm compared with the lower vertical wall, and the tail part concave grooves transversely lack 5-10 cm correspondingly.
7. The yield-stabilizing and efficiency-enhancing planting mode and the sustainable operation harvesting method for the bamboo shoots as claimed in claim 1 or 6, wherein the adjacent isolation grooves are fixedly embedded end to form a continuous groove and are arranged in the strip-shaped groove, and stable and neat splicing is ensured without leaving pores.
8. The method for constructing the yield-stabilizing and efficiency-enhancing bamboo shoot planting mode and the sustainable operation harvesting method according to claim 1 or 7, wherein the isolation groove is made of concrete and aggregate, and the surface of the isolation groove is naturally smoothed to ensure ventilation and water permeability of the isolation groove.
9. The method for constructing the yield-stabilizing and efficiency-enhancing planting mode and the sustainable operation harvesting method of the bamboo shoot used in the bamboo shoot as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic matter-covered material is fully crushed and decomposed forest intermediate cutting waste, and the particle size of the crushed waste is not more than 3 mm.
10. The construction method of the yield-stabilizing and efficiency-enhancing planting mode and the sustainable operation harvesting method of the bamboo shoots for bamboo stands according to claim 1, characterized in that the season for intensively harvesting the bamboo shoots is 3-5 months per year and is flexibly mastered according to the shoot emergence period of the bamboo shoots.
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Application publication date: 20210625 |