CN107484536B - Directional cultivation method for Chinese yams - Google Patents
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- CN107484536B CN107484536B CN201710934616.XA CN201710934616A CN107484536B CN 107484536 B CN107484536 B CN 107484536B CN 201710934616 A CN201710934616 A CN 201710934616A CN 107484536 B CN107484536 B CN 107484536B
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a directional cultivation method of Chinese yam, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: preparing a planting substrate; step two: digging grooves at two sides of a ridge by using a hoe and placing the grooves into planting grooves, wherein the planting grooves are obliquely arranged at an angle of 10-15 degrees with the ground, every two corresponding planting grooves are crossed to form an X-shaped structure in space, the cross sections of the planting grooves are semicircular, inner cavities of the planting grooves are opened upwards, the planting grooves and arc-shaped plates with the inner cavities opened downwards form a cylinder body with a cavity inside, through holes are formed in the arc-shaped plates, and soil returns cover the planting grooves and the arc-shaped plates; step three: seed treatment; step four: spraying a nitrosoglutathione foliar fertilizer every 10-15 days during the planting period, and spraying a mixed solution of acetylsalicylic acid and glutathione for 2-3 times after picking off terminal buds; step five: planting management; step six: and (6) harvesting. The Chinese yam cultivation method has the advantages of high acre yield, few diseases, simplicity and convenience in harvesting and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crop planting, in particular to a directional cultivation method of Chinese yams.
Background
The Chinese yam is also called as Chinese yam, is edible or medicinal by using the hypertrophic root tuber, has fat meat, is rich in starch, multiple vitamins and choline, and has higher nutritional value. The Chinese yam grows widely, can be used for medicine or common eating, is very popular with the masses, and has large market demand. The traditional Chinese yam planting needs deep trench digging or deep hole digging for planting, which causes difficulty in harvesting, wastes labor and time and easily damages tubers, so that the directional planting is carried out in the existing common planting groove. At present, the common chips are planted in a U-shaped groove or a potato bearing cylinder, and the planting in the U-shaped groove has a plurality of defects, such as hardening of land and loss of nutrients easily in places with much rainwater, which makes the growth and the potato bearing of Chinese yams difficult; the potato tuber is planted by using the potato tuber cylinder, although the influence caused by soil hardening can be avoided, the workload from soil filling to the potato tuber cylinder is large when the potato tuber is used, and the potato tuber cylinder cannot be completely filled by soil due to the fact that the soil becomes more compact in the later period of planting, so that the growth and development of the Chinese yam tuber are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.
The invention also aims to provide a Chinese yam planting method which is high in yield, less in diseases and convenient to harvest.
To achieve these objects and other advantages of the present invention, there is provided a method for directional cultivation of Chinese yam, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing tea powder, decomposed organic fertilizer and sandy loam to obtain a planting matrix;
step two: constructing a double-row crossed and staggered planting space: constructing a double-row crossed and staggered planting space: digging grooves at two sides of a ridge by using a hoe, wherein the grooves are placed in planting grooves along the length direction of the ridge, the planting grooves are obliquely arranged at an angle of 10-15 degrees with the ground, every two corresponding planting grooves are crossed in space to form an X-shaped structure, the cross sections of the planting grooves are semicircular, inner cavities of the planting grooves are opened upwards, the planting grooves and an arc-shaped plate with the inner cavity opened downwards form a cylinder body with a cavity inside, through holes are formed in the arc-shaped plate, when the planting device is used, the planting substrate is filled in the whole planting groove until the notch of the planting groove is raised, the arc-shaped plate covers the notch of the planting groove, and soil returns to cover the planting groove and the arc-shaped plate;
step three: cutting the Chinese yam seeds into sections of 6-8 cm each year for 3-4 months, smearing the cuts with plant ash, and planting the Chinese yam seeds on the planting grooves after the cuts are healed;
step four: after the Chinese yam seeds germinate, selecting 1 seedling which grows robustly, inserting the seedling into a fence by using small bamboo strips after the seedling grows to 20-40 cm to form a fence with the thickness of 1.3-2 m, allowing the seedling to wind and grow upwards, and spraying a nitrosoglutathione foliar fertilizer once every 10-15 days; when the Chinese yam vines grow to the top of the fence, picking off terminal buds, and spraying a mixed solution of acetylsalicylic acid and glutathione for 2-3 times;
step five: in arid high-temperature seasons, water is needed to be poured for drought prevention to keep the surface layer of soil moist, 30-40 kg of ammonium carbonate is applied to each mu in 5 months, 100-150 kg of slow release fertilizer is applied to each mu in the last ten days of 7 months, and planting is continued;
step six: and during harvesting, turning the soil, and taking the Chinese yam out of the planting pipe to obtain the Chinese yam.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the tea powder to the decomposed organic fertilizer to the sandy loam is 10-15: 50-70: 20-30. The decomposed organic fertilizer is added into the sandy loam, so that the organic matter of the sandy loam is increased, the soil quality is loosened, the soil is prevented from being hardened, and the planted Chinese yams are more uniform in shape and weight; by adding the tea powder, the damage of mole cricket, grub and yam root knot nematode disease can be effectively avoided, so that the planted yam has good appearance and color and better selling phase.
Preferably, the micro-crystallized phosphate rock powder, the straws and the animal wastes are uniformly mixed, EM microbial inoculum is added for stacking and fermentation for 2-4 days, silicate bacteria, fat-producing azospirillum and enterococcus faecium are added for fermentation for 10-15 days, then the pile turning is carried out, and the fermentation is continued for 10-15 days, so as to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer. The decomposed organic fertilizer obtained by directionally culturing microorganisms has the characteristics of comprehensive nutrients and lasting fertilizer efficiency, can inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, reduces the occurrence of diseases, can continuously provide nutrients for plants by adding silicate bacteria and fat-producing azospirillum sp, ensures that fermented escherichia coli is less than or equal to 70 per gram by adding the enterococcus faecium, and has excellent prevention and treatment effects on root rot.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the silicate bacteria, the azospirillum lipogenes and the enterococcus faecium lactate is 8-10: 3-5.
Preferably, the width of the ridge is 0.5-0.8 m, the height of the ridge is 30-40 cm, the length of the planting groove 1 is 80-120 cm, the diameter of the planting groove is 10-15 cm, and the diameter of the arc-shaped plate is 15-30 cm. Proper planting density can ensure normal photosynthesis of Chinese yams, and the problem that only vines grow but potatoes do not grow is avoided.
Preferably, 100-200 parts by weight of earthworms are placed in a container, the temperature is gradually increased to enable the earthworms to be self-dissolved, 50-100 parts by weight of chlorella culture wastewater concentrated solution and 30-50 parts by weight of nitrosoglutathione are added, the mixture is uniformly stirred, and the temperature is kept at 70-80 ℃ for 20-30 min to obtain the nitrosoglutathione foliar fertilizer. The chlorella culture wastewater is rich in inorganic salts and chlorella secondary metabolic byproducts, so that the growth of the Chinese yam can be effectively promoted, the chlorophyll content of leaves of the Chinese yam is increased by more than 50%, the obtained polysaccharide of the Chinese yam is increased by more than one time, and the acre yield of the Chinese yam is increased by more than 20%; the nitrosglutathione is mixed with the amino acid obtained by the earthworm autolysis, so that the nitrosglutathione is cooperatively absorbed by the leaves in the process of absorbing the amino acid, and the content of nitric oxide in the leaves of the Chinese yam is increased by utilizing the nitrosglutathione, thereby achieving the effect of preventing and treating anthracnose, brown spot and scab.
Preferably, the concentration of acetylsalicylic acid in the mixed solution is 2-10 mg/L, and the concentration of glutathione is 40-100 mg/L. The acetylsalicylic acid can promote the opening of stomata and promote the absorption of glutathione by the leaves, thereby promoting the generation of lateral buds and improving the germination rate of the lateral buds by over 40 percent; salicylic acid and acetic acid formed after the acetylsalicylic acid is decomposed, and the salicylic acid has an antibacterial effect; acetic acid can inhibit the bioactivity of glycolate oxidase, improve the photosynthesis of Chinese yam, and increase the yield of Chinese yam.
Preferably, the wormcast, the potassium chloride, the calcium superphosphate and the abamectin are uniformly mixed, prepared into particles and then added into molten paraffin to be uniformly mixed, so that the slow release fertilizer is obtained. The slow release fertilizer is used, the nutrient requirement of the Chinese yam in the whole later growth period can be met, the abamectin has good prevention and treatment effects on the root knot nematode disease of the Chinese yam, and the abamectin is added into the slow release fertilizer, so that the root knot nematode disease of the Chinese yam in the whole growth period is avoided.
Preferably, the arc-shaped plate is obtained by uniformly mixing wormcast, thermoplastic starch, potassium chloride, calcium superphosphate, abamectin, water and glycerol, and plasticizing and extruding at 140-180 ℃. Through using the degradable arc, not only can act as fertilizer, when the huaihe river mountain constantly grows, the release fertilizer is constantly decomposed to the arc, treats that huaihe river mountain grows up, and the arc also decomposes and disappears, not only can play the effect of fertilizer slowly-releasing, also can avoid the arc to tie to huaihe river mountain.
Has the advantages that: compared with the method using the planting pipe, the method for cultivating the Chinese yam is easier to add the planting matrix, saves labor cost, and overcomes the defect that the planting pipe cannot be completely filled with the planting matrix after the planting matrix becomes dense in the later period of planting, so that the root system is not favorable for absorbing nutrients, and the growth and development of tubers are hindered; through covering the arc-shaped plate at the notch through planting the groove, can avoid planting the later stage soil and harden, be favorable to the chinese yam tuber to grow. The Chinese yam planting method has the characteristics of less diseases, continuous cropping resistance, high polysaccharide content, high mucilage content, high yield and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a planting trough and an arc-shaped plate of the directional cultivation method of Chinese yam of the present invention.
1, planting a groove; 2, an arc-shaped plate; 3 through holes.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
As shown in figure 1, the planting groove 1 is a semicircular bent plate block, the opening is upward, the arc plate 2 covers the planting groove and forms a cylinder body with a cavity inside in cooperation with the planting groove, and the arc plate is provided with a through hole 3.
Example 1
A directional cultivation method of Chinese yam comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing tea powder, decomposed organic fertilizer and sandy loam to obtain a planting matrix;
step two: constructing a double-row crossed and staggered planting space: constructing a double-row crossed and staggered planting space: digging grooves at two sides of a ridge by using a hoe, wherein the grooves are arranged along the length direction of the ridge, planting grooves 1 shown in figure 1 are placed in the grooves, the planting grooves 1 are obliquely arranged at an angle of 10 degrees with the ground, every two corresponding planting grooves are crossed to form an X-shaped structure in space, the cross sections of the planting grooves are semicircular, inner cavities of the planting grooves are opened upwards, the planting grooves and arc-shaped plates with the inner cavities opened downwards form a cylinder with a cavity inside, through holes 3 are formed in the arc-shaped plates, when the planting device is used, the planting substrate is filled in the whole planting grooves 1 until the planting grooves 1 are raised, then the arc-shaped plates 2 are covered on the planting grooves 1, so that not only can the situation that soil hardening blocks the growth of tubers, but also nutrients are absorbed more fully, and soil returns cover the planting grooves 1 and the arc-shaped plates 2;
step three: cutting the Chinese yam seeds into sections of 8cm each year for 4 months, smearing cut cuts with plant ash, and planting the Chinese yam seeds on the planting grooves after the cut cuts are healed;
step four: after the Chinese yam seeds germinate, selecting and reserving 1 seedling which grows robustly, inserting hedges by using small bamboo strips after the seedling grows to 40cm, allowing the seedling to grow upwards in a winding manner, and spraying a nitrosoglutathione foliar fertilizer every 10 days; when the vines of the Chinese yams grow to the top of the fence, picking off terminal buds, spraying a mixed solution of acetylsalicylic acid and glutathione for 2 times, and spraying once every 3 days;
step five: in arid high-temperature seasons, water is needed to be poured for drought prevention to keep the surface layer of soil moist, 30kg of ammonium carbonate is applied to each mu in 5 months, 150kg of slow release fertilizer is applied to each mu in 7-month ten days, and planting is continued;
step six: and during harvesting, turning the soil, and taking the Chinese yam out of the planting pipe to obtain the Chinese yam.
Example 2
A directional cultivation method of Chinese yam comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: mixing the components in a mass ratio of 10: uniformly mixing 50:20 of tea powder, decomposed organic fertilizer and sandy loam to obtain a planting matrix;
step two: constructing a double-row crossed and staggered planting space: constructing a double-row crossed and staggered planting space: digging grooves at two sides of a ridge by using a hoe, wherein the grooves are arranged along the length direction of the ridge, planting grooves 1 shown in figure 1 are placed in the grooves, the planting grooves 1 are obliquely arranged at an angle of 10 degrees with the ground, every two corresponding planting grooves are crossed to form an X-shaped structure in space, the cross sections of the planting grooves are semicircular, inner cavities of the planting grooves are opened upwards, the planting grooves and arc-shaped plates with the inner cavities opened downwards form a cylinder with a cavity inside, through holes 3 are formed in the arc-shaped plates, when the planting device is used, the planting substrate is filled in the whole planting grooves 1 until the planting grooves 1 are raised, then the arc-shaped plates 2 are covered on the planting grooves 1, so that not only can the situation that soil hardening blocks the growth of tubers, but also nutrients are absorbed more fully, and soil returns cover the planting grooves 1 and the arc-shaped plates 2;
step three: cutting the Chinese yam seeds into sections of 8cm each year for 4 months, smearing cut cuts with plant ash, and planting the Chinese yam seeds on the planting grooves after the cut cuts are healed;
step four: after the Chinese yam seeds germinate, selecting and reserving 1 seedling which grows robustly, inserting hedges by using small bamboo strips after the seedling grows to 40cm, allowing the seedling to grow upwards in a winding manner, and spraying a nitrosoglutathione foliar fertilizer every 10 days; when the Chinese yam vines grow to the top of the fence, picking off terminal buds, and spraying a mixed solution of acetylsalicylic acid and glutathione for 2 times;
step five: in arid high-temperature seasons, water is needed to be poured for drought prevention to keep the surface layer of soil moist, 30kg of ammonium carbonate is applied to each mu in 5 months, 150kg of slow release fertilizer is applied to each mu in 7-month ten days, and planting is continued;
step six: and during harvesting, turning the soil, and taking the Chinese yam out of the planting pipe to obtain the Chinese yam.
Example 3
A directional cultivation method of Chinese yam comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing microcrystallized phosphate rock powder, straws and animal wastes, adding an EM microbial inoculum for stacking and fermenting for 2 days, adding silicate bacteria, fat-producing azospirillum and enterococcus faecium for fermenting for 10 days, turning over the stacks, and continuing fermenting for 10 days to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer; and (2) mixing the following components in percentage by mass: uniformly mixing tea powder, decomposed organic fertilizer and sandy loam at a ratio of 70:20 to obtain a planting matrix;
step two: constructing a double-row crossed and staggered planting space: digging grooves at two sides of a ridge by using a hoe, wherein the grooves are arranged along the length direction of the ridge, the grooves are placed in planting grooves 1 shown in figure 1, the planting grooves 1 are obliquely arranged at an angle of 10 degrees with the ground, every two corresponding planting grooves are crossed to form an X-shaped structure in space, the cross sections of the planting grooves are semicircular, inner cavities of the planting grooves are opened upwards, the planting grooves and arc-shaped plates with the opened inner cavities downwards form a cylinder with a cavity inside, through holes 3 are formed in the arc-shaped plates, when the planting device is used, the planting matrix is filled in the whole planting grooves 1 until the planting grooves 1 are raised, then the arc-shaped plates 2 are covered on the planting grooves 1, so that not only can the situation that soil hardening blocks the growth of tubers, but also nutrients are absorbed more fully, and soil returns cover the planting grooves 1 and the arc-shaped plates 2;
step three: cutting the Chinese yam seeds into sections of 8cm each year for 4 months, smearing the cuts with plant ash, and planting the Chinese yam seeds on the planting grooves after the cuts are healed;
step four: after the Chinese yam seeds germinate, selecting and reserving 1 seedling which grows robustly, inserting hedges by using small bamboo strips after the seedling grows to 40cm to form a fence with the height of 2m, winding the seedling to grow upwards, and spraying nitrosoglutathione foliar fertilizer every 10 days; when the Chinese yam vines grow to the top of the fence, picking off terminal buds, and spraying a mixed solution of acetylsalicylic acid and glutathione for 2 times;
step five: in arid high-temperature seasons, water is needed to be poured for drought prevention to keep the surface layer of soil moist, 30kg of ammonium carbonate is applied to each mu in 5 months, 150kg of slow release fertilizer is applied to each mu in 7-month ten days, and planting is continued;
step six: and during harvesting, turning the soil, and taking the Chinese yam out of the planting pipe to obtain the Chinese yam.
Example 4
A directional cultivation method of Chinese yam comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing microcrystallized phosphate rock powder, straws and animal wastes, adding an EM microbial inoculum for stacking and fermenting for 3 days, adding silicate bacteria, fat-producing azospirillum and enterococcus faecium in a mass ratio of 10:10:5, fermenting for 10 days, turning over, and continuously fermenting for 15 days to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer; and (2) mixing the following components in percentage by mass: uniformly mixing tea powder, decomposed organic fertilizer and sandy loam at a ratio of 70:20 to obtain a planting matrix;
step two: constructing a double-row crossed and staggered planting space: digging grooves at two sides of a ridge by using a hoe, wherein the grooves are arranged along the length direction of the ridge, the grooves are placed in planting grooves 1 shown in figure 1, the planting grooves 1 are obliquely arranged at an angle of 10 degrees with the ground, every two corresponding planting grooves are crossed in space to form an X-shaped structure, the cross sections of the planting grooves are semicircular, inner cavities of the planting grooves are opened upwards, the planting grooves and arc-shaped plates with the inner cavities opened downwards form a cylinder body with a cavity inside, through holes 3 are formed in the arc-shaped plates, when the planting device is used, the planting substrate is filled in the whole planting grooves 1 until the planting grooves 1 are raised, then the arc-shaped plates 2 are covered on the planting grooves 1, so that not only can the situation that soil hardening blocks tuber growth, but also nutrient absorption is more sufficient, and soil returns cover the planting grooves 1 and the arc-shaped plates 2;
step three: cutting the Chinese yam seeds into sections of 8cm each year for 4 months, smearing the cuts with plant ash, and planting the Chinese yam seeds on the planting grooves after the cuts are healed;
step four: after the Chinese yam seeds germinate, selecting and reserving 1 seedling which grows robustly, inserting hedges by using small bamboo strips after the seedling grows to 40cm, allowing the seedling to grow upwards in a winding manner, and spraying a nitrosoglutathione foliar fertilizer every 10 days; when the Chinese yam vines grow to the top of the fence, picking off terminal buds, and spraying a mixed solution of acetylsalicylic acid and glutathione for 2 times;
step five: in arid high-temperature seasons, water is needed to be poured for drought prevention to keep the surface layer of soil moist, 30kg of ammonium carbonate is applied to each mu in 5 months, 150kg of slow release fertilizer is applied to each mu in 7-month ten days, and planting is continued;
step six: and during harvesting, turning the soil, and taking the Chinese yam out of the planting pipe to obtain the Chinese yam.
Example 5
A directional cultivation method of Chinese yam comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing microcrystallized phosphate rock powder, straws and animal wastes, adding an EM microbial inoculum for stacking and fermenting for 3 days, adding silicate bacteria, fat-producing azospirillum and enterococcus faecium in a mass ratio of 10:10:5, fermenting for 10 days, turning over, and continuously fermenting for 15 days to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer; and (2) mixing the following components in percentage by mass: uniformly mixing tea powder, decomposed organic fertilizer and sandy loam at a ratio of 70:20 to obtain a planting matrix;
step two: ploughing the land, lifting the ridge, wherein the width of the ridge is 0.5m, the height of the ridge is 30cm, adopting double-row crossed staggered planting, digging grooves at two sides of the ridge by using a hoe, wherein the grooves are arranged along the length direction of the ridge, the grooves are placed in planting grooves 1 shown in figure 1, the length of the planting grooves 1 is 120cm, the diameter of the planting grooves 1 is 15cm, the planting grooves 1 are obliquely arranged at 10 degrees with respect to the ground, every two corresponding planting grooves are crossed into an X-shaped structure in space, the cross sections of the planting grooves are semicircular, the inner cavities of the planting grooves are upwards opened, the planting grooves and arc-shaped plates with the inner cavities opened downwards are encircled to form a cylinder with a cavity inside, the diameter of the arc-shaped plates is 30cm, through holes 3 are formed in the arc-shaped plates, when in use, the planting matrix is filled in the whole planting grooves 1 to be raised, then the arc-shaped plates 2 are covered on the planting grooves 1, so that the growth of tubers is prevented from being blocked by soil, nutrient is absorbed more fully, and the planting groove 1 and the arc-shaped plates 2 are covered by return soil;
step three: cutting the Chinese yam seeds into sections of 8cm each year for 4 months, smearing the cuts with plant ash, and planting the Chinese yam seeds on the planting grooves after the cuts are healed;
step four: after the Chinese yam seeds germinate, selecting and reserving 1 seedling which grows robustly, inserting hedges by using small bamboo strips after the seedling grows to 40cm, allowing the seedling to grow upwards in a winding manner, and spraying a nitrosoglutathione foliar fertilizer every 10 days; when the Chinese yam vines grow to the top of the fence, picking off terminal buds, and spraying a mixed solution of acetylsalicylic acid and glutathione for 2 times;
step five: in arid high-temperature seasons, water is needed to be poured for drought prevention to keep the surface layer of soil moist, 30kg of ammonium carbonate is applied to each mu in 5 months, 150kg of slow release fertilizer is applied to each mu in 7-month ten days, and planting is continued;
step six: and during harvesting, turning the soil, and taking the Chinese yam out of the planting pipe to obtain the Chinese yam.
Example 6
A directional cultivation method of Chinese yam comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing microcrystallized phosphate rock powder, straws and animal wastes, adding an EM microbial inoculum for stacking and fermenting for 3 days, adding silicate bacteria, fat-producing azospirillum and enterococcus faecium in a mass ratio of 10:10:5, fermenting for 10 days, turning over, and continuously fermenting for 15 days to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer; and (2) mixing the following components in percentage by mass: uniformly mixing tea powder, decomposed organic fertilizer and sandy loam at a ratio of 70:20 to obtain a planting matrix;
step two: ploughing the land, lifting the ridge, wherein the width of the ridge is 0.5m, the height of the ridge is 30cm, adopting double-row crossed staggered planting, digging grooves at two sides of the ridge by using a hoe, wherein the grooves are arranged along the length direction of the ridge, the grooves are placed in planting grooves 1 shown in figure 1, the length of the planting grooves 1 is 120cm, the diameter of the planting grooves 1 is 15cm, the planting grooves 1 are obliquely arranged at 10 degrees with respect to the ground, every two corresponding planting grooves are crossed into an X-shaped structure in space, the cross sections of the planting grooves are semicircular, the inner cavities of the planting grooves are upwards opened, the planting grooves and arc-shaped plates with the downwards opened inner cavities form a cylinder body with a cavity inside, the diameter of the arc-shaped plates is 30cm, through holes 3 are formed in the arc-shaped plates, when in use, the planting matrix is filled in the whole planting grooves 1 until the planting grooves are raised, then the arc-shaped plates 2 are covered on the planting grooves 1, so that the growth of tubers can not only be prevented from, nutrient is absorbed more fully, and the planting groove 1 and the arc-shaped plates 2 are covered by return soil;
step three: cutting the Chinese yam seeds into sections of 8cm each year for 4 months, smearing the cuts with plant ash, and planting the Chinese yam seeds on the planting grooves after the cuts are healed;
step four: after the Chinese yam seeds germinate, selecting and reserving 1 seedling which grows robustly, and inserting hedges by using small bamboo strips after the seedling grows to 40cm for the seedling to grow upwards in a winding manner; putting 100 parts by weight of earthworms into a container, gradually increasing the temperature to enable the earthworms to be self-dissolved, adding 100 parts by weight of chlorella culture wastewater concentrated solution and 50 parts by weight of nitrosoglutathione, uniformly stirring, and keeping the temperature at 80 ℃ for 20min to obtain the nitrosoglutathione foliar fertilizer; spraying nitrosoglutathione foliar fertilizer every 10 days; when the Chinese yam vines grow to the top of the fence, picking off terminal buds, and spraying a mixed solution of acetylsalicylic acid and glutathione for 2 times;
step five: in arid high-temperature seasons, water is needed to be poured for drought prevention to keep the surface layer of soil moist, 30kg of ammonium carbonate is applied to each mu in 5 months, 150kg of slow release fertilizer is applied to each mu in 7-month ten days, and planting is continued;
step six: and during harvesting, turning the soil, and taking the Chinese yam out of the planting pipe to obtain the Chinese yam.
Example 7
A directional cultivation method of Chinese yam comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing microcrystallized phosphate rock powder, straws and animal wastes, adding an EM microbial inoculum for stacking and fermenting for 3 days, adding silicate bacteria, fat-producing azospirillum and enterococcus faecium in a mass ratio of 10:10:5, fermenting for 10 days, turning over, and continuously fermenting for 15 days to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer; and (2) mixing the following components in percentage by mass: uniformly mixing tea powder, decomposed organic fertilizer and sandy loam at a ratio of 70:20 to obtain a planting matrix;
step two: ploughing the land, lifting the ridge, wherein the width of the ridge is 0.5m, the height of the ridge is 30cm, adopting double-row crossed staggered planting, digging grooves at two sides of the ridge by using a hoe, wherein the grooves are arranged along the length direction of the ridge, the grooves are placed in planting grooves 1 shown in figure 1, the length of the planting grooves 1 is 120cm, the diameter of the planting grooves 1 is 15cm, the planting grooves 1 are obliquely arranged at 10 degrees with respect to the ground, every two corresponding planting grooves are crossed into an X-shaped structure in space, the cross sections of the planting grooves are semicircular, the inner cavities of the planting grooves are upwards opened, the planting grooves and arc-shaped plates with the downwards opened inner cavities form a cylinder body with a cavity inside, the diameter of the arc-shaped plates is 30cm, through holes 3 are formed in the arc-shaped plates, when in use, the planting matrix is filled in the whole planting grooves 1 until the planting grooves are raised, then the arc-shaped plates 2 are covered on the planting grooves 1, so that the growth of tubers can not only be prevented from, nutrient is absorbed more fully, and the planting groove 1 and the arc-shaped plates 2 are covered by return soil;
step three: cutting the Chinese yam seeds into sections of 8cm each year for 4 months, smearing the cuts with plant ash, and planting the Chinese yam seeds on the planting grooves after the cuts are healed;
step four: after the Chinese yam seeds germinate, selecting and reserving 1 seedling which grows robustly, and inserting hedges by using small bamboo strips after the seedling grows to 40cm for the seedling to grow upwards in a winding manner; putting 100 parts by weight of earthworms into a container, gradually increasing the temperature to enable the earthworms to be self-dissolved, adding 100 parts by weight of chlorella culture wastewater concentrated solution and 50 parts by weight of nitrosoglutathione, uniformly stirring, and keeping the temperature at 80 ℃ for 20min to obtain the nitrosoglutathione foliar fertilizer; spraying nitrosoglutathione foliar fertilizer every 10 days; when the Chinese yam vines grow to the top of the fence, after terminal buds are picked off, spraying a mixed solution of 10mg/L acetylsalicylic acid and 100mg/L glutathione for 2 times;
step five: in arid high-temperature seasons, water is needed to be poured for drought prevention to keep the surface layer of soil moist, 30kg of ammonium carbonate is applied to each mu in 5 months, 150kg of slow release fertilizer is applied to each mu in 7-month ten days, and planting is continued;
step six: and during harvesting, turning the soil, and taking the Chinese yam out of the planting pipe to obtain the Chinese yam.
Example 8
A directional cultivation method of Chinese yam comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing microcrystallized phosphate rock powder, straws and animal wastes, adding an EM microbial inoculum for stacking and fermenting for 3 days, adding silicate bacteria, fat-producing azospirillum and enterococcus faecium in a mass ratio of 10:10:5, fermenting for 10 days, turning over, and continuously fermenting for 15 days to obtain the decomposed organic fertilizer; and (2) mixing the following components in percentage by mass: uniformly mixing tea powder, decomposed organic fertilizer and sandy loam at a ratio of 70:20 to obtain a planting matrix;
step two: ploughing the land, lifting the ridge, wherein the width of the ridge is 0.5m, the height of the ridge is 30cm, adopting double-row crossed staggered planting, digging grooves at two sides of the ridge by using a hoe, wherein the grooves are arranged along the length direction of the ridge, the grooves are placed in planting grooves 1 shown in figure 1, the length of the planting grooves 1 is 120cm, the diameter of the planting grooves 1 is 15cm, the planting grooves 1 are obliquely arranged at 10 degrees with respect to the ground, every two corresponding planting grooves are crossed into an X-shaped structure in space, the cross sections of the planting grooves are semicircular, the inner cavities of the planting grooves are upwards opened, the planting grooves and arc-shaped plates with the downwards opened inner cavities form a cylinder with a cavity inside, the diameter of the arc-shaped plates is 30cm, through holes 3 are formed in the arc-shaped plates 2, when in use, the planting matrix is filled in the whole planting grooves 1 to be raised, the arc-shaped plates 2 are covered on the planting grooves 1, and not only can be prevented from blocking the growth of hardened soil tubers, nutrient is absorbed more fully, and the planting groove 1 and the arc-shaped plates 2 are covered by return soil;
step three: cutting the Chinese yam seeds into sections of 8cm each year for 4 months, smearing the cuts with plant ash, and planting the Chinese yam seeds on the planting grooves after the cuts are healed;
step four: after the Chinese yam seeds germinate, selecting and reserving 1 seedling which grows robustly, and inserting hedges by using small bamboo strips after the seedling grows to 40cm for the seedling to grow upwards in a winding manner; putting 100 parts by weight of earthworms into a container, gradually increasing the temperature to enable the earthworms to be self-dissolved, adding 100 parts by weight of chlorella culture wastewater concentrated solution and 50 parts by weight of nitrosoglutathione, uniformly stirring, and keeping the temperature at 80 ℃ for 20min to obtain the nitrosoglutathione foliar fertilizer; spraying nitrosoglutathione foliar fertilizer every 10 days; when the Chinese yam vines grow to the top of the fence, picking off terminal buds, and spraying a mixed solution of 2mg/L acetylsalicylic acid and 40mg/L glutathione for 2 times;
step five: in drought and high-temperature seasons, water is needed to be irrigated for drought prevention to keep the surface layer of soil moist, 30kg of ammonium carbonate is applied per mu in 5 months, wormcast, potassium chloride, calcium superphosphate and abamectin are uniformly mixed, and the mixture is prepared into particles and then added into molten paraffin to be uniformly mixed to obtain the slow release fertilizer; applying 150kg of slow release fertilizer per mu in the last ten days of 7 months, and continuously planting;
step six: and during harvesting, turning the soil, and taking the Chinese yam out of the planting pipe to obtain the Chinese yam.
Example 9
A directional cultivation method of Chinese yam comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing tea powder, decomposed organic fertilizer and sandy loam to obtain a planting matrix;
step two: constructing a double-row crossed and staggered planting space: constructing a double-row crossed and staggered planting space: digging grooves at two sides of a furrow by using a hoe, wherein the grooves are arranged along the length direction of the furrow, the grooves are placed in planting grooves 1 shown in figure 1, the planting grooves 1 are obliquely arranged at an angle of 10 degrees with the ground, every two corresponding planting grooves are crossed into an X-shaped structure in space, the cross sections of the planting grooves are semicircular, inner cavities of the planting grooves are upwards opened, the planting grooves and arc-shaped plates with the downwards opened inner cavities form a cylinder with a cavity inside, through holes 3 are formed in the arc-shaped plates, when the planting groove is used, the planting matrix is filled in the whole planting grooves 1 until the planting grooves 1 are raised, then the arc-shaped plates 2 are covered on the planting grooves 1, so that not only can soil hardening be prevented from obstructing the growth of tubers, but also nutrients are absorbed more fully, soil returns to cover the planting grooves 1 and the arc-shaped plates 2, wherein the preparation method of the arc-shaped plates is characterized in that earthworm dung is used for preparing the, And (3) uniformly mixing thermoplastic starch, potassium chloride, calcium superphosphate, abamectin, water and glycerol, and plasticizing and extruding at 140 ℃ to obtain the arc-shaped plate. By using the degradable arc-shaped plate, the fertilizer can be used as the fertilizer, the arc-shaped plate is continuously decomposed and released while the Chinese yam grows continuously, and when the Chinese yam grows, the arc-shaped plate is decomposed and disappears, so that the fertilizer slow release effect can be achieved, and the Chinese yam can be prevented from being bound by the arc-shaped plate;
step three: cutting the Chinese yam seeds into sections of 8cm each year for 4 months, smearing cut cuts with plant ash, and planting the Chinese yam seeds on the planting grooves after the cut cuts are healed;
step four: after the Chinese yam seeds germinate, selecting and reserving 1 seedling which grows robustly, inserting hedges by using small bamboo strips after the seedling grows to 40cm, allowing the seedling to grow upwards in a winding manner, and spraying a nitrosoglutathione foliar fertilizer every 10 days; when the vines of the Chinese yams grow to the top of the fence, picking off terminal buds, spraying a mixed solution of acetylsalicylic acid and glutathione for 2 times, and spraying once every 3 days;
step five: in arid high-temperature seasons, water is needed to be poured for drought prevention to keep the surface layer of soil moist, 30kg of ammonium carbonate is applied to each mu in 5 months, 150kg of slow release fertilizer is applied to each mu in 7-month ten days, and planting is continued;
step six: and during harvesting, turning the soil, and taking the Chinese yam out of the planting pipe to obtain the Chinese yam.
Example 10
Comparative experiments, the experimental group was tested according to the method described in example 8, the control group was tested according to the method described in example 8, but common amino acid foliar fertilizer was used instead of nitrosoglutathione foliar fertilizer used in the present invention, and chlorophyll, yam polysaccharide, amino acid content and per mu yield were measured, and the results are shown in the following table:
| control group | Experimental group | |
| Chlorophyll | 2.62mg/g | 4.36mg/g |
| Chinese yam polysaccharide | 25.8mg/g | 58.3mg/g |
| Amino acids | 17.5mg/g | 34.8mg/g |
| Yield per mu | 4604 Kg/mu | 5965 Kg/mu |
From the results, the chlorophyll content of the leaves of the Chinese yam planted by the method is improved by 66.4%, the polysaccharide content is improved by 126%, the amino acid content is improved by 98.9%, and the yield per mu is improved by 29.6%, which shows that the nitrosoglutathione foliar fertilizer of the invention not only improves the yield of the Chinese yam, but also can obviously improve the polysaccharide and the amino acid in the Chinese yam and improve the quality of the Chinese yam.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. The directional cultivation method of Chinese yams is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing tea powder, decomposed organic fertilizer and sandy loam to obtain a planting matrix; wherein the mass ratio of the tea powder to the decomposed organic fertilizer to the sandy loam is 10-15: 50-70: 20-30;
step two: constructing a double-row crossed and staggered planting space: digging a plurality of grooves with equal intervals at two sides of a ridge by using a hoe, wherein the grooves are arranged along the length direction of the ridge, planting grooves are placed in the grooves, the planting grooves and the ground are obliquely arranged at an angle of 10-15 degrees, every two corresponding planting grooves are crossed to form an X-shaped structure in space, the cross sections of the planting grooves are semicircular, inner cavities of the planting grooves are opened upwards, the planting grooves and an arc-shaped plate with the inner cavities opened downwards form a cylinder body with a cavity inside in a surrounding mode, through holes are formed in the arc-shaped plate, and soil return covers the planting grooves and the arc-shaped plate; uniformly mixing wormcast, thermoplastic starch, potassium chloride, calcium superphosphate, abamectin, water and glycerol, plasticizing and extruding at 140-180 ℃ to obtain the arc-shaped plate;
step three: cutting the Chinese yam seeds into sections of 6-8 cm each year for 3-4 months, smearing the cuts with plant ash, and planting the Chinese yam seeds on the planting grooves after the cuts are healed;
step four: after the Chinese yam seeds germinate, selecting 1 seedling which grows robustly, inserting the seedling into a fence by using small bamboo strips after the seedling grows to 20-40 cm to form a fence with the thickness of 1.3-2 m, allowing the seedling to wind and grow upwards, and spraying a nitrosoglutathione foliar fertilizer every 10-15 days; when the vines of the Chinese yams grow to the top of the fence, picking off terminal buds, and spraying a mixed solution of acetylsalicylic acid and glutathione for 2-3 times;
step five: in arid high-temperature seasons, water is needed to be poured for drought prevention to keep the surface layer of soil moist, 30-40 kg of ammonium carbonate is applied to each mu in 5 months, 100-150 kg of slow release fertilizer is applied to each mu in the last ten days of 7 months, and planting is continued;
step six: and during harvesting, turning the soil, and taking the Chinese yam out of the planting pipe to obtain the Chinese yam.
2. The directional cultivation method for Chinese yams according to claim 1, wherein the decomposed organic fertilizer is obtained by uniformly mixing micro-crystallized phosphate rock powder, straws and animal wastes, adding EM microbial inoculum for stacking fermentation for 2-4 days, adding silicate bacteria, fat-producing azospirillum and enterococcus faecium lactate for fermentation for 10-15 days, turning over, and continuing fermentation for 10-15 days.
3. The oriented cultivation method of Chinese yam according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of silicate bacteria, azospirillum lipogenes and enterococcus faecium lactate is 8-10: 3-5.
4. The directional cultivation method for Chinese yams according to claim 1, wherein the width of the ridge is 0.5-0.8 m, the height of the ridge is 30-40 cm, the length of the planting groove 1 is 80-120 cm, the diameter of the planting groove is 10-15 cm, and the diameter of the arc-shaped plate is 15-30 cm.
5. The method for directionally cultivating Chinese yams according to claim 1, wherein 100-200 parts by weight of earthworms are placed in a container, the temperature is gradually increased to enable the earthworms to be dissolved by themselves, 50-100 parts by weight of chlorella cultivation wastewater concentrated solution and 30-50 parts by weight of nitrosoglutathione are added, the mixture is uniformly stirred, and the temperature is kept at 70-80 ℃ for 20-30 min to obtain the nitrosoglutathione foliar fertilizer.
6. The directional cultivation method for Chinese yams according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the acetylsalicylic acid in the mixed solution is 2-10 mg/L, and the concentration of the glutathione is 40-100 mg/L.
7. The directional cultivation method for Chinese yams according to claim 1, wherein the slow release fertilizer is obtained by uniformly mixing wormcast, potassium chloride, calcium superphosphate and abamectin, granulating the mixture, adding the granulated mixture into molten paraffin, and uniformly mixing the granulated mixture.
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| CN108934868A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-07 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | A kind of anti-Chinese yam idioplasm resources bank garden store method mixed |
| CN108849349A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-11-23 | 界首市宝凤家庭农场 | A kind of southern implantation methods of Chinese yam |
| CN113016540A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-06-25 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Directional potato bearing device and high-yield cassava cultivation method |
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