CN112913588A - Cultivation method for interplanting dragon fruit with leguminous forage and gramineous forage - Google Patents
Cultivation method for interplanting dragon fruit with leguminous forage and gramineous forage Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for interplanting leguminous forage grass and gramineous forage grass in pitaya, which is characterized in that two lines of forage grass are interplanted between two lines of pitaya, each line of forage grass is cultivated by adopting an intercropping mode of two pits of leguminous forage grass and three pits of gramineous forage grass, and the vacant land where the pitaya and the forage grass are not cultivated is covered with a black mulching film. The method adopts the interplantation of the leguminous forage grass, the gramineous forage grass and the dragon fruit, develops the mixed seeding of the leguminous forage grass and the gramineous forage grass according to local conditions, realizes the maximum utilization of land in the same time, covers the black mulching film on the open land without cultivating the dragon fruit and the forage grass, avoids the growth of weeds, reduces the field labor intensity, can obviously improve the physical structure of the soil, is favorable for resisting drought and preserving soil moisture, is not easy to generate surface runoff, and has important significance for improving the soil fertility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for interplanting leguminous forage grass and gramineous forage grass in pitaya.
Background
Pitaya, also known as red dragon fruit, dragon pearl fruit, Xianmei fruit, Yulong fruit, Cactaceae, genus Petasites. The dragon fruit is rich in 17 amino acids, 6 vitamins, 8 essential trace elements and rich water-soluble dietary fiber, is deeply loved by consumers due to the rich valuable nutrient substances, and is called as a nutrition bank, a medical library and a health-care bank by nutriologists. The dragon fruit is tropical and subtropical fruit, and is light-loving, yin-tolerant, heat-resistant, drought-resistant, fertilizer-loving and barren-resistant. The growth can be rapidly carried out in areas with sufficient illumination and abundant heat; the root growth ability is vigorous when the water content is sufficient. Draining water in time in continuous rainy days to avoid stem and meat rot caused by pathogen infection. The plant has strong wind resistance, and can resist strong wind as long as the bracket is firm. The pitaya can resist low temperature of 0 ℃ and high temperature of 40 ℃, the optimal growth temperature is 25-35 ℃, the pitaya can adapt to various soils, and neutral soil and weakly acidic soil which contain more humus, retain water and fertilizer are good. The dragon fruit has the effects of losing weight, reducing cholesterol, preventing constipation and colorectal cancer and the like. The dragon fruit also contains vegetable protein, and the protein can be combined with heavy metal ions in the human body to play a role in detoxification. It is rich in antioxidant vitamin C, and has effects in whitening skin and preventing black spot. In addition, the content of beneficial elements in the dragon fruit is also very rich.
The main problems of the pitaya cultivation place are as follows: firstly, the exposed area of the soil is large, so that water is quickly evaporated, and particularly, the soil is hardened due to serious water shortage in dry seasons; secondly, the soil is not covered, so that a habitat cannot be provided for soil animals, the activity of the soil animals is influenced, the soil structure is compact, and the absorption and transportation of roots to nutrients are limited; thirdly, the ecological system is single, the circulation rate of nutrients is reduced, and further certain influence is generated on the yield and the quality of the dragon fruits. Therefore, scientific, ecological and systematic measures are adopted to cover the pitaya land, and good ecological and economic benefits can be obtained.
Pitaya is a perennial sprawl plant in trigonaceae, and is a new fruit with good health care efficacy. The roots of the dragon fruit are not resistant to water immersion, not water intolerance but oxygen deficiency, so the aerial roots of the dragon fruit are very important, the cultivation characteristics are determined, deep planting is not required, shallow planting is required, water drainage is convenient, the ground surface can preferably keep a loose air-permeable and moist covering, such as dry branches and fallen leaves or growing weeds, so that the aerial roots can wind, stretch, absorb water and fertilizer on the near-to-ground shallow surface.
Leguminous forage refers to a group of forage grass consisting of leguminous forage plants, and not only refers to herbaceous plants, but also includes forage shrubs and forage woody plants, also called leguminous forage. The leguminous forage contains high protein and calcium which respectively account for 18-24% and 0.90-2% of dry substances, is called protein feed, has high contents of other mineral elements and vitamins and has good palatability; the legume forage grass is symbiotic with rhizobium, can fix free nitrogen in the atmosphere, provides nitrogen nutrition for the legume forage grass, increases the protein content of the forage grass and nitrogen-containing substances in soil, requires less nitrogen fertilizer and more potassium, phosphorus and calcium fertilizers, has extremely important value in meeting the protein requirement of livestock and improving the soil fertility, and is often used as green manure and honey source plants.
Gramineous forage grass, abbreviated as grass, is cut-resistant and grazing-resistant, and some of the forage grass are excellent water and soil conservation, wind prevention and sand fixation and garden greening plants, have important functions in a grassland ecological system, and are mostly favored by livestock. The grass dry matter contains 10.4% of crude protein, 2.9% of crude fat, 47.8% of nitrogen-free extract, 31.2% of crude fiber and 7.7% of crude ash on average, and is important carbohydrate namely energy feed. The gramineous plants can be used as feed for livestock of more than 200 species in about 60 genera, wherein the gramineous plants have the widest distribution and great feeding significance: agropyron cristatum, brome, dactylus glomerata, elymus foenum-graecum, foxtail, ryegrass, paspalum, timothy grass, bluegrass, green bristlegrass, stipa capillata and the like belong to about 30 genera. The main cultivated species include dactulis glomerata, bromus formosanus, sudan grass, ryegrass, timothy and the like. Most of the domestic animals like to eat the feed, and the feed which does not like to eat or does not eat is only less than 10 percent. The dried and pressed grass is less broken and defoliated, and is suitable for preparing the hay; it contains more sugar and is suitable for ensiling.
In the subtropical climate area of Guangxi, plants grow vigorously all the year round, the planting area of crops in the whole area is large, and 5000 ten thousand tons of crop straws can be produced all the year round. However, the grasses mainly planted in all regions are elephant grass, the variety is single, most of the straws are sugarcane tail leaves and corn stalks, and the grasses and the straws have low nutrition level, high water content and low dry matter content. The elephant grass, the sugarcane tail leaves and the like are simply processed and then fed, and the nutritional requirements of beef cattle and mutton sheep cannot be met. In addition, the cost of the land for planting the elephant grass is high, the tail of the sugarcane is difficult to collect, the labor cost is high, and the economic benefit of cultivation is poor. In 2016, government departments of various levels in Guangxi, beef cattle and mutton sheep industry innovation teams, breeding enterprises and breeding households in Guangxi have combined force, and the proportion of cattle and sheep large-scale breeding in the whole area is increased year by year, so that the pasture grass demand in the whole area in Guangxi is also increased year by year.
Planting dragon fruits or pasture grass on one land alone is wasteful of land and there is little literature on interplanting other crops with dragon fruits, for example: patent application CN201210380052.7, a method for interplanting ryegrass in pitaya cultivation land, comprising the following steps: (1) the suitable planting time of the ryegrass is as follows: 9-11 months per year; (2) the method for planting the ryegrass comprises the following steps: sowing ryegrass seeds in four holes at a distance of 50-60 cm from the dragon fruit mother plant; (3) the method for applying the water fertilizer comprises the following steps: digging a water and fertilizer ditch around the middle of the dragon fruit and the ryegrass, and applying the water and fertilizer of the dragon fruit or the ryegrass in the water and fertilizer ditch; (4) the method for harvesting and managing the ryegrass comprises the following steps: when the ryegrass grows to 35-40 cm high, the ryegrass is timely mowed, and the dragon fruit can be influenced to absorb photosynthesis when the ryegrass is too high; by implementing the method, pasture is cultivated around the dragon fruit, so that the growth of aerial roots of the dragon fruit is facilitated, and the growth of the dragon fruit is facilitated and the yield is improved; in addition, the ryegrass can increase the soil fertility, not only has the effect of promoting the growth of the postcrops, but also can improve the soil of the dragon orchard, and has very good effect of promoting the growth of the dragon fruits. However, there is no report on interplanting leguminous grasses and gramineous grasses in a pitaya cultivation area.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cultivation method for interplanting leguminous forage and gramineous forage in pitaya to solve the technical problems.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for interplanting Leguminosae forage grass and gramineous forage grass in dragon fruit comprises interplanting two rows of forage grass between two rows of dragon fruit, cultivating each row of forage grass by intercropping two pits of Leguminosae forage grass and three pits of gramineous forage grass, covering black mulching film on vacant land where dragon fruit and forage grass are not cultivated; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivating dragon fruits: erecting a dragon fruit planting frame, arranging a light supplement lamp on the planting frame, vertically planting dragon fruit seedlings in the dragon fruit planting pits by adopting a cross bar drooping method after applying base fertilizer in the dragon fruit planting pits, pouring root fixing water and fixing the root fixing water on a dragon fruit tree support, and fixing lateral branches of the dragon fruit trees on a steel wire;
(2) and (3) pasture cultivation: arranging a ditch between two rows of pitaya, and cultivating two rows of pasture grass on two sides of the ditch, wherein each row of pasture grass is cultivated by adopting an intercropping mode of two-hole leguminous pasture and three-hole gramineous pasture;
(3) field management: covering a black mulching film on the open space without cultivating the dragon fruits and the pasture, timely topping, pruning and pruning the dragon fruits, controlling the height of the pasture, and then performing daily fertilization, watering, weeding and pest control according to the growth condition of the dragon fruits.
Further, the pasture of the leguminosae family is one or more than one of red clover, white clover, alfalfa, arrow-leaved pea, wild pea, yellow lupin, white clover, yellow clover, red bean, red clover, lotus root, shazhanwang, milk vetch, stylosanthes guianensis and butterfly bean.
Further, the forage grass of Gramineae is one or more of wheatgrass, brome, dactylicapnos canadensis, elymus foenum-graecum, lemongrass, ryegrass, paspalum, timothy grass, blue grass, setaria viridis, stipa capillata and sudanese.
Further, in the step (1), the row spacing of the dragon fruit cultivation is 55-60 cm, the plant spacing is 30-35 cm, and the planting depth is 3-5 cm.
Further, in the step (1), the height of the dragon fruit seedlings is 15-20 cm, and the roots of main stems cut out from the base parts grow to be 3-4 cm.
Further, in the step (2), the width of the ditch is 14-16 cm, and the depth is 3-5 cm.
Further, in the step (2), the grass planting distance is 15-20 cm, the planting depth is 25-30 mm, and the row spacing of two rows of grass on two sides of the ditch is 18-20 cm.
Further, in the step (1), a steel pile with the height of 120-150 cm is erected beside a dragon fruit planting pit, an elastic-adjustable steel sleeve is additionally arranged on the steel pile, then steel wires are used for connecting the steel pile along the dragon fruit planting row, the steel wires serve as supports of a dragon fruit tree, when the dragon fruit seedlings grow to the height of the steel pile, the dragon fruit seedlings are jacked to serve as main stems, lateral buds of the dragon fruit are promoted to grow on the steel wires, the lateral buds are respectively reserved on two sides of the dragon fruit along the direction of the steel wires, and lateral branches are fixed on the steel wires; when side buds of two adjacent dragon fruit trunks are contacted, the side buds are cut off, the horizontally growing side buds serve as first-level branches, the first-level branches grow downwards and are reserved as spare branches, no flower is reserved on the spare branches, the rest branches bear fruits, branches with more fruits are cut off every year, and then the spare branches bear fruits.
When the pasture grass is cultivated, the leguminous pasture and the gramineous pasture planted in two consecutive years are different, namely the leguminous pasture planted in the current year is required to be different from the leguminous pasture planted in the previous year, and the gramineous pasture planted in the current year is required to be different from the gramineous pasture planted in the previous year.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method adopts the interplantation of the leguminous forage grass, the gramineous forage grass and the dragon fruit, develops the mixed seeding of the leguminous forage grass and the gramineous forage grass according to local conditions, realizes the maximum utilization of land in the same time, covers the black mulching film on the open land without cultivating the dragon fruit and the forage grass, avoids the growth of weeds, reduces the field labor intensity, can obviously improve the physical structure of the soil, is favorable for resisting drought and preserving soil moisture, is not easy to generate surface runoff, and has important significance for improving the soil fertility.
(2) The planting method of mixed sowing of leguminous forage and gramineous forage is adopted, and leguminous forage and gramineous forage planted for two years are different, so that the physical structure of soil is improved, the nutrient supply of the soil is improved, and the method has important significance for improving the soil fertility.
(3) According to the method, each row of pasture is cultivated in an intercropping mode of two pits of leguminous pasture and three pits of gramineous pasture, and the leguminous pasture and the gramineous pasture in the proportion are sowed in a mixed mode, so that the soil nutrient supply can be increased to the maximum extent.
(4) The application can plant the pasture in the dragon orchard, wherein the leguminous pasture has the nitrogen fixation effect, and a large amount of nitrogen elements are fixed by the root nodules, so that the nitrogen content of the soil can be greatly improved, and the fertilizer is greatly beneficial to improving the soil and improving the fertility, therefore, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the dragon orchard can be reduced, and the planting cost of the dragon fruits is reduced.
Drawings
In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the drawings needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some examples of the present invention, and for a person skilled in the art, without inventive step, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the cultivation of pitaya interplanted with leguminous pasture and gramineous pasture according to the present application.
In the drawings: 1-dragon fruit; 2-leguminous forage grass; 3-grass family.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.
Example 1
A cultivation method for interplanting Leguminosae forage grass and gramineous forage grass in dragon fruit comprises interplanting two rows of forage grass between two rows of dragon fruit, cultivating each row of forage grass by intercropping two pits of Leguminosae forage grass and three pits of gramineous forage grass, covering black mulching film on vacant land where dragon fruit and forage grass are not cultivated; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivating dragon fruits: erecting a dragon fruit planting frame, arranging a light supplement lamp on the planting frame, vertically planting dragon fruit seedlings in the dragon fruit planting pits by adopting a cross bar drooping method after applying base fertilizer in the dragon fruit planting pits, pouring root fixing water and fixing the root fixing water on a dragon fruit tree support, and fixing lateral branches of the dragon fruit trees on a steel wire;
the row spacing of the dragon fruit cultivation is 55cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, and the implantation depth is 3 cm; the height of the dragon fruit seedling is 15cm, and the root system of the main stem cut at the base part grows to be 3 cm; the dragon fruit planting frame is characterized in that a steel pile with the height of 120cm is erected beside a dragon fruit planting pit, an elastic-adjustable steel sleeve is additionally arranged on the steel pile, steel wires are used for connecting the steel pile along the dragon fruit planting row, the steel wires serve as supports of a dragon fruit tree, when a dragon fruit seedling grows to the height of the steel pile, a top is formed as a main trunk, side buds of the dragon fruit are promoted to grow on the steel wires, the side buds are respectively reserved on two sides along the direction of the steel wires, and side branches are fixed on the steel wires; when side buds of two adjacent pitaya trunks are contacted, the side buds are cut off, the horizontally growing side buds serve as first-level branches, the first-level branches are reserved as spare branches when downward branches grow out, no flower is reserved on the spare branches, the rest branches bear fruits, branches with more fruits are cut off every year, and then the spare branches bear fruits;
(2) and (3) pasture cultivation: arranging a ditch between two rows of pitaya, and cultivating two rows of pasture grass on two sides of the ditch, wherein each row of pasture grass is cultivated by adopting an intercropping mode of two-hole leguminous pasture and three-hole gramineous pasture;
the width of the ditch is 14cm, and the depth of the ditch is 3 cm; the planting distance of the pasture grass is 15cm, the implantation depth is 25mm, and the row spacing of two rows of pasture grass on the two sides of the ditch is 18 cm;
(3) field management: covering a black mulching film on the open space without cultivating the dragon fruits and the pasture, timely topping, pruning and pruning the dragon fruits, controlling the height of the pasture, and then performing daily fertilization, watering, weeding and pest control according to the growth condition of the dragon fruits.
Further, the leguminous forage is alfalfa, red bean grass, clover, crowtoe, shazhawang and milk vetch; the forage grass is selected from wheatgrass, brome, rye grass, and paspalum.
Example 2
A cultivation method for interplanting Leguminosae forage grass and gramineous forage grass in dragon fruit comprises interplanting two rows of forage grass between two rows of dragon fruit, cultivating each row of forage grass by intercropping two pits of Leguminosae forage grass and three pits of gramineous forage grass, covering black mulching film on vacant land where dragon fruit and forage grass are not cultivated; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivating dragon fruits: erecting a dragon fruit planting frame, arranging a light supplement lamp on the planting frame, vertically planting dragon fruit seedlings in the dragon fruit planting pits by adopting a cross bar drooping method after applying base fertilizer in the dragon fruit planting pits, pouring root fixing water and fixing the root fixing water on a dragon fruit tree support, and fixing lateral branches of the dragon fruit trees on a steel wire;
the row spacing of the dragon fruit cultivation is 60cm, the plant spacing is 35cm, and the implantation depth is 5 cm; the height of the dragon fruit seedling is 20cm, and the root system of the main stem cut at the base part grows to 4 cm; the dragon fruit planting frame is characterized in that a 150 cm-high steel pile is erected beside a dragon fruit planting pit, an elastic-adjustable steel sleeve is additionally arranged on the steel pile, steel wires are used for connecting the steel pile along a dragon fruit planting row, the steel wires serve as supports of a dragon fruit tree, when a dragon fruit seedling grows to the height of the steel pile, a top is formed as a main trunk, side buds of the dragon fruit are promoted to grow on the steel wires, the side buds are respectively reserved on two sides along the direction of the steel wires, and side branches are fixed on the steel wires; when side buds of two adjacent pitaya trunks are contacted, the side buds are cut off, the horizontally growing side buds serve as first-level branches, the first-level branches are reserved as spare branches when downward branches grow out, no flower is reserved on the spare branches, the rest branches bear fruits, branches with more fruits are cut off every year, and then the spare branches bear fruits;
(2) and (3) pasture cultivation: arranging a ditch between two rows of pitaya, and cultivating two rows of pasture grass on two sides of the ditch, wherein each row of pasture grass is cultivated by adopting an intercropping mode of two-hole leguminous pasture and three-hole gramineous pasture;
the width of the ditch is 16cm, and the depth of the ditch is 5 cm; the planting distance of the pasture grass is 20cm, the implantation depth is 30mm, and the row spacing of two rows of pasture grass on the two sides of the ditch is 20 cm;
(3) field management: covering a black mulching film on the open space without cultivating the dragon fruits and the pasture, timely topping, pruning and pruning the dragon fruits, controlling the height of the pasture, and then performing daily fertilization, watering, weeding and pest control according to the growth condition of the dragon fruits.
Further, the pasture of Leguminosae is red clover, white flower clover, yellow flower clover, milk vetch, stylosanthes guianensis and butterfly bean; the forage grass is selected from Thalictrum foenum-graecum, lemongrass, timothy grass, Poa pratensis, Setaria viridis, Imperata stolonifera, and Sudan grass.
Example 3
A cultivation method for interplanting Leguminosae forage grass and gramineous forage grass in dragon fruit comprises interplanting two rows of forage grass between two rows of dragon fruit, cultivating each row of forage grass by intercropping two pits of Leguminosae forage grass and three pits of gramineous forage grass, covering black mulching film on vacant land where dragon fruit and forage grass are not cultivated; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivating dragon fruits: erecting a dragon fruit planting frame, arranging a light supplement lamp on the planting frame, vertically planting dragon fruit seedlings in the dragon fruit planting pits by adopting a cross bar drooping method after applying base fertilizer in the dragon fruit planting pits, pouring root fixing water and fixing the root fixing water on a dragon fruit tree support, and fixing lateral branches of the dragon fruit trees on a steel wire;
the row spacing of the dragon fruit cultivation is 56cm, the plant spacing is 31cm, and the implantation depth is 3.5 cm; the height of the dragon fruit seedling is 16cm, and the root system of the main stem cut at the base part grows to be 3.2 cm; the dragon fruit planting frame is characterized in that a steel pile with the height of 130cm is erected beside a dragon fruit planting pit, an elastic-adjustable steel sleeve is additionally arranged on the steel pile, steel wires are used for connecting the steel pile along the dragon fruit planting row, the steel wires serve as supports of a dragon fruit tree, when a dragon fruit seedling grows to the height of the steel pile, a top is formed as a main trunk, side buds of the dragon fruit are promoted to grow on the steel wires, the side buds are respectively reserved on two sides along the direction of the steel wires, and side branches are fixed on the steel wires; when side buds of two adjacent pitaya trunks are contacted, the side buds are cut off, the horizontally growing side buds serve as first-level branches, the first-level branches are reserved as spare branches when downward branches grow out, no flower is reserved on the spare branches, the rest branches bear fruits, branches with more fruits are cut off every year, and then the spare branches bear fruits;
(2) and (3) pasture cultivation: arranging a ditch between two rows of pitaya, and cultivating two rows of pasture grass on two sides of the ditch, wherein each row of pasture grass is cultivated by adopting an intercropping mode of two-hole leguminous pasture and three-hole gramineous pasture;
the width of the ditch is 14cm, and the depth of the ditch is 3.5 cm; the planting distance of the pasture grass is 16cm, the planting depth is 26mm, and the row spacing of two rows of pasture grass on the two sides of the ditch is 18.5 cm;
(3) field management: covering a black mulching film on the open space without cultivating the dragon fruits and the pasture, timely topping, pruning and pruning the dragon fruits, controlling the height of the pasture, and then performing daily fertilization, watering, weeding and pest control according to the growth condition of the dragon fruits.
Further, the leguminous forage is herba Viciae Pilosae, yellow wing lupin, white flower sweet clover, yellow flower sweet clover, radix Trifolii Pratentis, radix Meliae, SHAZHAOWANG, herba astragali Melilotoidis, herba Stylosanthes Japonici, and butterfly bean; the forage grass is selected from wheatgrass, brome, dactylis glomerata, Elymus foeniculus, lemongrass, Imperata elata, and Sudan grass.
Example 4
A cultivation method for interplanting Leguminosae forage grass and gramineous forage grass in dragon fruit comprises interplanting two rows of forage grass between two rows of dragon fruit, cultivating each row of forage grass by intercropping two pits of Leguminosae forage grass and three pits of gramineous forage grass, covering black mulching film on vacant land where dragon fruit and forage grass are not cultivated; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivating dragon fruits: erecting a dragon fruit planting frame, arranging a light supplement lamp on the planting frame, vertically planting dragon fruit seedlings in the dragon fruit planting pits by adopting a cross bar drooping method after applying base fertilizer in the dragon fruit planting pits, pouring root fixing water and fixing the root fixing water on a dragon fruit tree support, and fixing lateral branches of the dragon fruit trees on a steel wire;
the row spacing of the dragon fruit cultivation is 59cm, the plant spacing is 34cm, and the implantation depth is 4.5 cm; the height of the dragon fruit seedling is 19cm, and the root system of the main stem cut at the base part grows to be 3.8 cm; the dragon fruit planting frame is characterized in that a steel pile with the height of 140cm is erected beside a dragon fruit planting pit, an elastic-adjustable steel sleeve is additionally arranged on the steel pile, steel wires are used for connecting the steel pile along the dragon fruit planting row, the steel wires serve as supports of a dragon fruit tree, when a dragon fruit seedling grows to the height of the steel pile, a top is formed as a main trunk, side buds of the dragon fruit are promoted to grow on the steel wires, the side buds are respectively reserved on two sides along the direction of the steel wires, and side branches are fixed on the steel wires; when side buds of two adjacent pitaya trunks are contacted, the side buds are cut off, the horizontally growing side buds serve as first-level branches, the first-level branches are reserved as spare branches when downward branches grow out, no flower is reserved on the spare branches, the rest branches bear fruits, branches with more fruits are cut off every year, and then the spare branches bear fruits;
(2) and (3) pasture cultivation: arranging a ditch between two rows of pitaya, and cultivating two rows of pasture grass on two sides of the ditch, wherein each row of pasture grass is cultivated by adopting an intercropping mode of two-hole leguminous pasture and three-hole gramineous pasture;
the width of the ditch is 15.5cm, and the depth is 4.5 cm; the planting distance of the pasture grass is 19cm, the planting depth is 29mm, and the row spacing of two rows of pasture grass on the two sides of the ditch is 19.5 cm;
(3) field management: covering a black mulching film on the open space without cultivating the dragon fruits and the pasture, timely topping, pruning and pruning the dragon fruits, controlling the height of the pasture, and then performing daily fertilization, watering, weeding and pest control according to the growth condition of the dragon fruits.
Further, the pasture of the leguminosae family is red clover, white clover, alfalfa, arrow-headed pea, vetch, yellow lupin, white clover, yellow clover and shazhanwang; the forage grass is selected from brome, dactylus glomerata, Elymus foenum-graecum, lemongrass, Lolium perenne, Paspalum vaginatum, Phleum pratense, and Poa pratensis.
Example 5
A cultivation method for interplanting Leguminosae forage grass and gramineous forage grass in dragon fruit comprises interplanting two rows of forage grass between two rows of dragon fruit, cultivating each row of forage grass by intercropping two pits of Leguminosae forage grass and three pits of gramineous forage grass, covering black mulching film on vacant land where dragon fruit and forage grass are not cultivated; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivating dragon fruits: erecting a dragon fruit planting frame, arranging a light supplement lamp on the planting frame, vertically planting dragon fruit seedlings in the dragon fruit planting pits by adopting a cross bar drooping method after applying base fertilizer in the dragon fruit planting pits, pouring root fixing water and fixing the root fixing water on a dragon fruit tree support, and fixing lateral branches of the dragon fruit trees on a steel wire;
the row spacing of the dragon fruit cultivation is 58cm, the plant spacing is 33cm, and the implantation depth is 4 cm; the height of the dragon fruit seedling is 18cm, and the root system of the main stem cut at the base part grows to be 3.5 cm; the dragon fruit planting frame is characterized in that a 135 cm-high steel pile is erected beside a dragon fruit planting pit, an elastic-adjustable steel sleeve is additionally arranged on the steel pile, steel wires are used for connecting the steel pile along a dragon fruit planting row, the steel wires serve as supports of a dragon fruit tree, when a dragon fruit seedling grows to the height of the steel pile, a top is formed as a main trunk, side buds of the dragon fruit are promoted to grow on the steel wires, the side buds are respectively reserved on two sides along the direction of the steel wires, and side branches are fixed on the steel wires; when side buds of two adjacent pitaya trunks are contacted, the side buds are cut off, the horizontally growing side buds serve as first-level branches, the first-level branches are reserved as spare branches when downward branches grow out, no flower is reserved on the spare branches, the rest branches bear fruits, branches with more fruits are cut off every year, and then the spare branches bear fruits;
(2) and (3) pasture cultivation: arranging a ditch between two rows of pitaya, and cultivating two rows of pasture grass on two sides of the ditch, wherein each row of pasture grass is cultivated by adopting an intercropping mode of two-hole leguminous pasture and three-hole gramineous pasture;
the width of the ditch is 15cm, and the depth of the ditch is 4 cm; the grass planting distance is 17cm, the planting depth is 28mm, and the row spacing of two rows of grass on two sides of the ditch is 19 cm;
(3) field management: covering a black mulching film on the open space without cultivating the dragon fruits and the pasture, timely topping, pruning and pruning the dragon fruits, controlling the height of the pasture, and then performing daily fertilization, watering, weeding and pest control according to the growth condition of the dragon fruits.
Further, the pasture of leguminosae is red clover, white clover, alfalfa, arrow-leaved peas, wild peas, yellow lupin, white clover, yellow clover, red bean, red clover, lotus root, shazhanwang, milk vetch, stylosanthes guianensis, butterfly bean; the forage grass is selected from wheatgrass, brome, dactylis glomerata, Elymus foeniculus, lemongrass, Lolium perenne, paspalum, timothy grass, Poa pratensis, Setaria viridis, Achillea Willd, and Sudan grass.
Comparative example 1
Interplanting of dragon fruit with pasture was carried out using the embodiment of patent application CN201210380052.7 (a method for interplanting ryegrass in dragon fruit cultivation land).
To further illustrate that the present invention can achieve the technical effects, the following experiments were performed:
interplanting of dragon fruits and pasture is carried out by adopting the methods of examples 1-5 and comparative example 1, and the results show that: compared with the prior art, the application amount of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and other fertilizers in the planting process is higher, the planting cost of the dragon fruits is improved, and the dragon fruits are lower in yield and poorer in quality; the methods of examples 1 to 5 can solve the above problems.
Therefore, the legume forage grass, the gramineous forage grass and the dragon fruit are interplanted, the mixed sowing of the legume forage grass and the gramineous forage grass is carried out according to local conditions, the land is maximally utilized in the same time, the black mulching film is covered on the vacant land where the dragon fruit and the forage grass are not cultivated, the growth of weeds is avoided, the field working strength is reduced, the physical structure of the soil can be obviously improved by the mixed sowing mode, the drought resistance and the soil moisture conservation are facilitated, the surface runoff is not easy to generate, and the important significance is realized on the improvement of the soil fertility. The leguminous forage grass and the gramineous forage grass planted for two years are different from each other, so that the improvement of the physical structure of the soil and the improvement of the nutrient supply of the soil are facilitated, and the method has important significance for improving the soil fertility. Pasture is planted in the dragon orchard, wherein the leguminous pasture has the nitrogen fixation effect, and a large amount of nitrogen is fixed on root nodules of the leguminous pasture, so that the nitrogen content of soil can be greatly improved, and the leguminous pasture is extremely beneficial to improving the soil and improving the fertility, so that the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the dragon orchard can be reduced, and the planting cost of the dragon fruits is reduced; and each row of pasture is cultivated by adopting an intercropping mode of two pits of leguminous pasture and three pits of gramineous pasture, and the leguminous pasture and the gramineous pasture in the proportion can increase the supply of soil nutrients to the maximum extent by mixed sowing.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (9)
1. A cultivation method for interplanting dragon fruit with leguminous forage and gramineous forage is characterized in that: two rows of pasture are interplanted between two rows of dragon fruits, each row of pasture is cultivated by adopting an intercropping mode of two-hole leguminous pasture and three-hole gramineous pasture, and the vacant land where the dragon fruits and the pasture are not cultivated is covered with a black mulching film.
2. The cultivation method for interplanting dragon fruit with leguminous forage and gramineous forage according to claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) cultivating dragon fruits: erecting a dragon fruit planting frame, arranging a light supplement lamp on the planting frame, vertically planting dragon fruit seedlings in the dragon fruit planting pits by adopting a cross bar drooping method after applying base fertilizer in the dragon fruit planting pits, pouring root fixing water and fixing the root fixing water on a dragon fruit tree support, and fixing lateral branches of the dragon fruit trees on a steel wire;
(2) and (3) pasture cultivation: arranging a ditch between two rows of pitaya, and cultivating two rows of pasture grass on two sides of the ditch, wherein each row of pasture grass is cultivated by adopting an intercropping mode of two-hole leguminous pasture and three-hole gramineous pasture;
(3) field management: covering a black mulching film on the open space without cultivating the dragon fruits and the pasture, timely topping, pruning and pruning the dragon fruits, controlling the height of the pasture, and then performing daily fertilization, watering, weeding and pest control according to the growth condition of the dragon fruits.
3. The cultivation method for interplanting dragon fruit with leguminous forage and gramineous forage according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the pasture of Leguminosae is one or more of Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, alfalfa, arrow pea, vetch, yellow lupin, Daghestan sweetclover, yellow sweet clover, red bean, Trifolium pratense, Lotus leaf, Shashangwang, milk vetch, Styrax, and butterfly pea.
4. The cultivation method for interplanting dragon fruit with leguminous forage and gramineous forage according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the forage grass is one or more of wheatgrass, brome, dactylicapnos, elymus, foxtail, ryegrass, paspalum, timothy, blue grass, green bristlegrass, setaria viridis, stipa and sudan grass.
5. The cultivation method for interplanting dragon fruit with leguminous forage and gramineous forage according to claim 2, wherein: in the step (1), the row spacing of the dragon fruit cultivation is 55-60 cm, the plant spacing is 30-35 cm, and the planting depth is 3-5 cm.
6. The cultivation method for interplanting dragon fruit with leguminous forage and gramineous forage according to claim 2, wherein: in the step (1), the height of the dragon fruit seedlings is 15-20 cm, and the roots of main stems cut out from the base parts grow to be 3-4 cm.
7. The cultivation method for interplanting dragon fruit with leguminous forage and gramineous forage according to claim 2, wherein: in the step (2), the width of the ditch is 14-16 cm, and the depth is 3-5 cm.
8. The cultivation method for interplanting dragon fruit with leguminous forage and gramineous forage according to claim 2, wherein: in the step (2), the grass planting distance is 15-20 cm, the planting depth is 25-30 mm, and the row distance of two rows of grass on two sides of the ditch is 18-20 cm.
9. The cultivation method for interplanting dragon fruit with leguminous forage and gramineous forage according to claim 2, wherein: in the step (1), a steel pile with the height of 120-150 cm is erected beside a dragon fruit planting pit, an elastic-adjustable steel sleeve is additionally arranged on the steel pile, steel wires are used for connecting the steel pile along a dragon fruit planting row and used as a support of a dragon fruit tree, when a dragon fruit seedling grows to the height of the steel pile, a main trunk is formed by topping, lateral buds of the dragon fruit are promoted to grow on the steel wires, the lateral buds are respectively reserved on two sides of the dragon fruit along the direction of the steel wires, and the lateral branches are fixed on the steel wires; when side buds of two adjacent dragon fruit trunks are contacted, the side buds are cut off, the horizontally growing side buds serve as first-level branches, the first-level branches grow downwards and are reserved as spare branches, no flower is reserved on the spare branches, the rest branches bear fruits, branches with more fruits are cut off every year, and then the spare branches bear fruits.
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