CN112661579A - Phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation capable of improving saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation capable of improving saline-alkali soil and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation capable of improving saline-alkali soil and a preparation method thereof. The phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation is mainly prepared from raw materials consisting of compound microbes, phytase, urea, bran, corn flour and bran coat. The raw materials comprise, by weight, 5-10 parts of composite microorganisms, 1-5 parts of phytase, 1-5 parts of urea, 15-25 parts of bran, 5-10 parts of corn flour and 20-30 parts of bran coat. The preparation process of the phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation comprises the following steps: adding the components of the raw materials together according to a predetermined weight ratio, and uniformly mixing; adding clear water into the mixed material, stirring and mixing to adjust the moisture content of the material; fermenting the materials at 18-28 deg.C to obtain phosphorus-dissolving microbial preparation. The phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation provided by the invention is applied to saline-alkali soil, can promote the growth of crops planted in the saline-alkali soil, reduce the salt content and pH value of the saline-alkali soil, and improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and particularly relates to a phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation capable of improving saline-alkali soil and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Saline-alkali soil is a general term for various salinized soil and alkaline soil. The salinization of the soil causes the farmland to be incapable of cultivating, the economic benefit of the soil is low, and the land resource is wasted. However, saline-alkali soil can be converted into cultivated land through improvement, which has important significance for sustainable development of agriculture.
The biological improvement of saline-alkali soil does not destroy the ecological environment, and the physical and chemical properties of soil and the microclimate of soil are improved mainly by introducing, screening and planting salt-tolerant plants.
The phosphate solubilizing microorganisms in the soil can generate various acids in the metabolic process, can continuously and effectively reduce the pH value of the saline-alkali soil environment, dissolve gypsum and improve Ca in the soil2+Concentration-reduced exchangeable Na+Thereby reducing the degree of alkalization of the soil. Meanwhile, the phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms can convert insoluble phosphorus into soluble phosphorus for absorption and utilization by plants, thereby promoting the growth of the plants.
Therefore, the phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation containing beneficial microorganisms is developed and applied to crops planted in saline-alkali soil, and the phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation is significant for improving the saline-alkali soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation capable of improving saline-alkali soil and a preparation method thereof, which can reduce the salt content and pH value of the saline-alkali soil and improve the content of available phosphorus in the soil.
On one hand, the invention provides a phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation capable of improving saline-alkali soil, which is mainly prepared from raw materials consisting of compound microorganisms, phytase, urea, bran, corn flour and bran coat.
Preferably, the raw materials comprise, by weight, 5-10 parts of the compound microorganism, 1-5 parts of the phytase, 1-5 parts of the urea, 15-25 parts of the bran, 5-10 parts of the corn flour and 20-30 parts of the bran coat.
Preferably, the raw materials comprise, by weight, 5 parts of the compound microorganism, 3 parts of the phytase, 1 part of the urea, 20 parts of the bran, 10 parts of the corn flour and 26 parts of the bran coat.
Preferably, the raw materials comprise 7 parts of the compound microorganism, 1 part of the phytase, 5 parts of the urea, 25 parts of the bran, 8 parts of the corn flour and 20 parts of the bran coat by weight.
Preferably, the raw materials comprise, by weight, 10 parts of the compound microorganism, 5 parts of the phytase, 3 parts of the urea, 15 parts of the bran, 5 parts of the corn flour and 30 parts of the bran coat.
Preferably, the complex microorganism includes aspergillus niger, aspergillus glaucus, lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus megaterium, and bacillus subtilis.
Preferably, the compound microorganism comprises 10-20 parts of aspergillus niger, 5-15 parts of aspergillus glaucus, 5-10 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 15-25 parts of bacillus megaterium and 10-20 parts of bacillus subtilis by weight.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a preparation method of the phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing the components of the raw materials according to a preset weight ratio to obtain a mixed material;
step 2, adding clear water into the mixed material, and adjusting the moisture content in the mixed material;
and 3, fermenting the material treated in the step 2 at the temperature of 18-28 ℃ to obtain the phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation.
Preferably, in step 2, the moisture content in the mixed material is adjusted to 40-65%.
Preferably, the fermentation time is 3-15 days.
The phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation provided by the invention is applied to saline-alkali soil, can promote the growth of crops planted in the saline-alkali soil, reduce the salt content and pH value of the saline-alkali soil, and improve the soil physicochemical property and ecological environment of the saline-alkali soil.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, and the advantages and features of the invention will become apparent as the description proceeds. It should be understood that the examples are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
In the following description, all methods involved are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified. The starting materials mentioned are all those which are commercially available from the public unless otherwise specified.
The phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation capable of improving saline-alkali soil is prepared by mixing compound microorganisms, phytase, urea, bran, corn flour, bran coat and clear water according to a certain proportion and then fermenting. The phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation provided by the invention is applied to saline-alkali soil, can promote the growth of crops planted in the saline-alkali soil, reduce the salt content and pH value of the saline-alkali soil, and improve the soil physicochemical property and ecological environment of the saline-alkali soil.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation capable of improving saline-alkali soil is prepared from raw materials consisting of compound microbes, phytase, urea, bran, corn flour, bran coat and clear water. The specific preparation process comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing a compound microorganism; and 2, preparing a mixed material, and 3, fermenting the mixed material.
In the step 1 of preparing the composite microorganism, Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) powder, Aspergillus glaucus (Aspergillus glaucus) powder, lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum) powder, Bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) powder and Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) powder are selected, and then the five kinds of powder are compounded according to the proportioning relationship by weight to obtain the composite microorganism, preferably 10-20 parts of Aspergillus niger, 5-15 parts of Aspergillus glaucus, 5-10 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 15-25 parts of Bacillus megaterium and 10-20 parts of Bacillus subtilis. On one hand, lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus megaterium and bacillus subtilis are fermented and cultured in corresponding liquid culture media to obtain bacterial liquids, and then thalli are separated from the fermented culture, dried and concentrated to prepare single-strain solid bacterial powder. The bacterial contents of the three single bacterial strains are respectively as follows: the content of Lactobacillus plantarum is not less than 4.0 × 1011cfu/g, the bacteria content of the bacillus megaterium is more than or equal to 2.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g and the bacterial content of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 1010cfu/g. On the other hand, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus glaucus are fermented in corresponding solid culture mediums respectively to obtain solid cultures, and then the solid cultures are dried and crushed to prepare single-strain solid fungus powder. The bacterial contents of the two single bacterial strains are respectively as follows: the bacterial content of Aspergillus niger is greater than or equal to 3.5 × 1010cfu/g and the bacteria content of Aspergillus glaucus is more than or equal to 3.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g。
In the step 2 of preparing the mixed material, the composite microorganism, the phytase, the urea, the bran, the corn flour and the bran coat are weighed according to the preset weight proportion, then the raw materials are added together and stirred, and clear water is added after the raw materials are uniformly mixed to adjust the water content of the mixed material to be 40-65%. The weight ratio of each main raw material is respectively optimized as follows: 5-10 parts of compound microorganism, 1-5 parts of phytase, 1-5 parts of urea, 15-25 parts of bran, 5-10 parts of corn flour and 20-30 parts of bran coat.
In the step 3 of fermenting the mixed material, the initial pH of the mixed material is natural, the fermentation temperature is controlled within the range of 18-28 ℃, the fermentation is carried out for 3-15 days, and the fermentation product is used as a phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation.
When the phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation is applied to improve saline-alkali soil, 60-120kg/hm is adopted2The application amount of the fertilizer is that the phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation is applied to soil in a base fertilizer mode, and then plowing and sowing are carried out.
To help better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following examples are provided to illustrate the preparation process and application method of the phosphate solubilizing microorganism preparation of the present invention.
Example one
The raw materials of the phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation of the embodiment include, by weight, 5 parts of the complex microorganism, 3 parts of phytase, 1 part of urea, 20 parts of bran, 10 parts of corn flour, and 26 parts of bran coat. The composite microorganism comprises Aspergillus niger powder, Aspergillus glaucus powder, Lactobacillus plantarum powder, Bacillus megaterium powder and Bacillus subtilis powder, wherein the five bacteria comprise, by weight, 10 parts of Aspergillus niger, 11 parts of Aspergillus glaucus, 10 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum, 25 parts of Bacillus megaterium and 10 parts of Bacillus subtilis. The five bacterial powders are prepared by the inventor, wherein, lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus megaterium and bacillus subtilis are respectively fermented and cultured in corresponding liquid culture media to obtain bacterial liquids, then the bacterial bodies are separated from the fermented culture and dried and concentrated to prepare single-strain solid bacterial powder, and the bacterial content of the lactobacillus plantarum is more than or equal to 4.0 multiplied by 1011cfu/g, the bacteria content of the bacillus megaterium is more than or equal to 2.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g, the bacterium content of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 1010cfu/g. Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus glaucus are respectively fermented in corresponding solid culture medium to obtain solid culture, then the solid culture is dried and pulverized to obtain single-strain solid powder Aspergillus niger whose bacterial content is greater than or equal to 3.5X 1010cfu/g, the bacteria content of Aspergillus glaucus is more than or equal to 3.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g。
The phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation is prepared by the following steps.
Step 1, preparing the composite microorganism, and uniformly mixing aspergillus niger powder, aspergillus glaucus powder, lactobacillus plantarum powder, bacillus megaterium powder and bacillus subtilis powder to obtain the composite microorganism.
And 2, preparing a mixed raw material, adding the composite microorganism, the phytase, the urea, the bran, the corn flour and the bran coat together, stirring, and adding clear water to adjust the water content of the mixed material to 40% after uniformly mixing.
And 3, fermenting, wherein the initial pH of the mixed material is natural, the fermentation temperature is controlled within the range of 18-28 ℃, the fermentation is carried out for 3 days, and the product after the fermentation is finished is used as the phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation 1.
The application method of the phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation 1 comprises the following steps: when the saline-alkali soil is improved, 60kg/hm is adopted2The application amount of the phosphorus-solubilizing microbial preparation 1 is applied to soil as a base fertilizer, and then plowed and sowed.
Example two
The raw materials of the phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation of the embodiment include, by weight, 7 parts of the complex microorganism, 1 part of phytase, 5 parts of urea, 25 parts of bran, 8 parts of corn flour, and 20 parts of bran coat. The composite microorganism comprises Aspergillus niger powder, Aspergillus glaucus powder, Lactobacillus plantarum powder, Bacillus megaterium powder and Bacillus subtilis powder, wherein the five bacteria comprise 16 parts of Aspergillus niger, 15 parts of Aspergillus glaucus, 5 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum, 20 parts of Bacillus megaterium and 14 parts of Bacillus subtilis by weight. The five bacterial powders are prepared by the inventor, wherein, lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus megaterium and bacillus subtilis are respectively fermented and cultured in corresponding liquid culture media to obtain bacterial liquids, then the bacterial bodies are separated from the fermented culture and dried and concentrated to prepare single-strain solid bacterial powder, and the bacterial content of the lactobacillus plantarum is more than or equal to 4.0 multiplied by 1011cfu/g, the bacteria content of the bacillus megaterium is more than or equal to 2.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g, the bacterium content of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 1010cfu/g. Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus glaucus are respectively fermented in corresponding solid culture medium to obtain solid culture, then the solid culture is dried and pulverized to obtain single-strain solid powder Aspergillus niger whose bacterial content is greater than or equal to 3.5X 1010cfu/g, the bacteria content of Aspergillus glaucus is more than or equal to 3.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g。
The phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation is prepared by the following steps.
Step 1, preparing the composite microorganism, and uniformly mixing aspergillus niger powder, aspergillus glaucus powder, lactobacillus plantarum powder, bacillus megaterium powder and bacillus subtilis powder to obtain the composite microorganism.
And 2, preparing a mixed raw material, adding the composite microorganism, the phytase, the urea, the bran, the corn flour and the bran coat together, stirring, and adding clear water to adjust the water content of the mixed material to 55% after uniformly mixing.
And 3, fermenting, wherein the initial pH of the mixed material is natural, the fermentation temperature is controlled within the range of 18-28 ℃, the fermentation is carried out for 10 days, and the product after the fermentation is finished is used as a phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation 2.
The application method of the phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation 2 comprises the following steps: when the saline-alkali soil is improved, the concentration is 90kg/hm2The application amount of the fertilizer is that the phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation 2 is applied into soil as a base fertilizer, and then plowed and sowed.
EXAMPLE III
The raw materials of the phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation of the embodiment include, by weight, 10 parts of the complex microorganism, 5 parts of phytase, 3 parts of urea, 15 parts of bran, 5 parts of corn flour, and 30 parts of bran coat. The composite microorganism comprises Aspergillus niger powder, Aspergillus glaucus powder, Lactobacillus plantarum powder, Bacillus megaterium powder and Bacillus subtilis powder, wherein the five bacteria comprise, by weight, 20 parts of Aspergillus niger, 5 parts of Aspergillus glaucus, 7 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum, 15 parts of Bacillus megaterium and 20 parts of Bacillus subtilis. The five bacterial powders are prepared by the inventor, wherein, lactobacillus plantarum, bacillus megaterium and bacillus subtilis are respectively fermented and cultured in corresponding liquid culture media to obtain bacterial liquids, then the bacterial bodies are separated from the fermented culture and dried and concentrated to prepare single-strain solid bacterial powder, and the bacterial content of the lactobacillus plantarum is more than or equal to 4.0 multiplied by 1011cfu/g, the bacteria content of the bacillus megaterium is more than or equal to 2.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g, the bacterium content of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 1010cfu/g。Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus glaucus are respectively fermented in corresponding solid culture medium to obtain solid culture, then the solid culture is dried and pulverized to obtain single-strain solid powder Aspergillus niger whose bacterial content is greater than or equal to 3.5X 1010cfu/g, the bacteria content of Aspergillus glaucus is more than or equal to 3.0 multiplied by 1010cfu/g。
The phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation is prepared by the following steps.
Step 1, preparing the composite microorganism, and uniformly mixing aspergillus niger powder, aspergillus glaucus powder, lactobacillus plantarum powder, bacillus megaterium powder and bacillus subtilis powder to obtain the composite microorganism.
And 2, preparing a mixed raw material, adding the composite microorganism, the phytase, the urea, the bran, the corn flour and the bran coat together, stirring, and adding clear water to adjust the water content of the mixed material to 65% after uniformly mixing.
And 3, fermenting, wherein the initial pH of the mixed material is natural, the fermentation temperature is controlled within the range of 18-28 ℃, the fermentation is carried out for 15 days, and the product after the fermentation is finished is used as a phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation 3.
The application method of the phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation 3 comprises the following steps: when improving saline-alkali soil, the concentration is 120kg/hm2The application amount of the fertilizer is that the phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation 3 is applied into soil as a base fertilizer, and then plowed and sowed.
In order to help better understand the technical scheme of the invention, a test example of peanut planting is provided below for illustrating the application effect of the invention.
Test example: application effect of phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation in saline-alkali soil improvement and influence on peanut growth
The tested saline-alkali soil block is located in east-rural city of Shandong province, and the basic physicochemical properties of the field plough layer soil are that the pH value is 8.43, the total salt content is 1.60g/kg, the organic matter content is 0.41%, the quick-acting phosphorus content is 6.5mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium content is 130mg/kg, and the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content is 23.2 mg/kg. 4 groups of experimental designs, including 3 experimental groups and 1 control group, each group of experimental designs 3 experimental cells, each area of the experimental cells is 30m2All test cells are randomly distributed.
Test group applicationFertilizer and the phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation prepared by the invention. The application method is that urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation are applied to soil as base fertilizer before peanut planting, and then plowed and sowed. The fertilizer application amount of the three fertilizers is 125kg/hm of urea respectively2Calcium superphosphate of 310kg/hm2110kg/hm of potassium sulfate2. The three test groups are respectively applied with a phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation 1-a phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation 3, wherein the application amount of the phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation 1 is 60kg/hm2The application amount of the phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation 2 is 90kg/hm2The application amount of the phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation 3 is 120kg/hm2. The control group was not administered the phosphate solubilizing microorganism preparation, and the rest of the procedure was the same as that of the test group.
Selecting No. 44 flowers as a test variety, adopting a flat-planting film covering mode in the last ten days of 4 months, sowing seeds at two seeds, wherein the hill spacing is 16cm, and the row spacing is 45 cm. The same general management is adopted for each cell, and harvesting is carried out in 10 middle of the month. After peanuts are harvested, selecting 10 peanuts from each cell for indoor test, measuring the main stem height, the side branch length, the total branch number and the single plant result number of each peanut, simultaneously counting the peanut yield of each cell, and calculating the average main stem height, the average side branch length, the average total branch number, the average single plant result number and the average cell peanut yield of each group. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the peanut stems of the 3 groups applied with the phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation were high, the side branches were long, the total number of branches, the number of single plants resulted and the peanut yield in the plot were all significantly higher than those of the control. Therefore, after the prepared phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation 1-phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation 3 is applied to saline-alkali soil, the growth of peanuts can be promoted, and the yield of the peanuts can be improved.
In addition, a soil sample is taken from each cell, the pH, the total salt content, the organic matter content, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content, the quick-acting phosphorus content and the quick-acting potassium content of the soil are measured, and the average pH, the average total salt content, the average organic matter content, the average alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content, the average quick-acting phosphorus content and the average quick-acting potassium content of each group of soil are calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the pH and the total salt content of the peanut planting soil of 3 groups which are applied with the phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation are both obviously lower than those of the control, and the organic matter content, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content, the quick-acting phosphorus content and the quick-acting potassium content are all obviously higher than those of the control. Therefore, after the prepared phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation 1-phosphate solubilizing microbial preparation 3 is applied to saline-alkali soil, the pH value and the salt content of the soil can be reduced, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be improved.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification, or any other related technical fields directly or indirectly, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation capable of improving saline-alkali soil is mainly prepared from raw materials consisting of compound microbes, phytase, urea, bran, corn flour and bran coat.
2. The microbial formulation for solubilizing phosphorus according to claim 1, wherein: the raw materials comprise, by weight, 5-10 parts of the compound microorganism, 1-5 parts of the phytase, 1-5 parts of the urea, 15-25 parts of the bran, 5-10 parts of the corn flour and 20-30 parts of the bran coat.
3. The microbial formulation for solubilizing phosphorus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the raw materials comprise, by weight, 5 parts of the compound microorganism, 3 parts of the phytase, 1 part of the urea, 20 parts of the bran, 10 parts of the corn flour and 26 parts of the bran coat.
4. The microbial formulation for solubilizing phosphorus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the raw materials comprise, by weight, 7 parts of the compound microorganism, 1 part of the phytase, 5 parts of the urea, 25 parts of the bran, 8 parts of the corn flour and 20 parts of the bran coat.
5. The microbial formulation for solubilizing phosphorus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the raw materials comprise, by weight, 10 parts of the compound microorganism, 5 parts of the phytase, 3 parts of the urea, 15 parts of the bran, 5 parts of the corn flour and 30 parts of the bran coat.
6. The microbial formulation for solubilizing phosphorus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the compound microorganism comprises Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus glaucus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis.
7. The microbial formulation for solubilizing phosphorus according to claim 6, wherein: the composite microorganism comprises, by weight, 10-20 parts of Aspergillus niger, 5-15 parts of Aspergillus glaucus, 5-10 parts of Lactobacillus plantarum, 15-25 parts of Bacillus megaterium and 10-20 parts of Bacillus subtilis.
8. A method for preparing a microbial formulation for solubilizing phosphorus as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7, which comprises the steps of:
step 1, mixing the components of the raw materials according to a preset weight ratio to obtain a mixed material;
step 2, adding clear water into the mixed material, and adjusting the moisture content in the mixed material;
and 3, fermenting the material treated in the step 2 at the temperature of 18-28 ℃ to obtain the phosphate-solubilizing microbial preparation.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein: in step 2, the moisture content in the mixed material is adjusted to 40-65%.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein: the fermentation time is 3-15 days.
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| CN112794749A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-05-14 | 东北农业大学 | Bio-organic fertilizer for improving yield and quality of potatoes and preparation method thereof |
| CN113481119A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-10-08 | 山东土木启生物科技有限公司 | Compound microbial agent for improving phosphorus utilization rate |
| CN113481119B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2024-05-28 | 山东土木启生物科技有限公司 | Composite microbial agent for improving phosphorus utilization rate |
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