CN113135787A - Rice straw decomposition agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Rice straw decomposition agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113135787A CN113135787A CN202110225136.2A CN202110225136A CN113135787A CN 113135787 A CN113135787 A CN 113135787A CN 202110225136 A CN202110225136 A CN 202110225136A CN 113135787 A CN113135787 A CN 113135787A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rice straw decomposing agent and a preparation method thereof. The rice straw decomposing inoculant is prepared from raw materials including compound microorganisms, straw powder, bran, rice chaff, a nitrogen fertilizer, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate. The preparation process of the straw decomposition agent comprises the following steps: 1) mixing the single bacterial liquids according to a preset weight proportion to obtain a composite microorganism; 2) mixing the composite microorganism, straw powder, bran, rice chaff, a nitrogen fertilizer, magnesium sulfate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to a preset weight proportion, and adding clear water to adjust the water content of the mixed material; 3) carrying out aerobic fermentation on the mixed material with the adjusted moisture at the temperature of 25-32 ℃ to obtain a fermentation product; 4) drying the fermentation product in the shade or at low temperature, and pulverizing to obtain straw decomposition agent. The straw decomposition agent is used for returning rice straws to the field, can quickly decompose the straws, promotes the root development and growth of seedlings, and improves the rice yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural microorganisms, and particularly relates to a rice straw decomposing agent and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of rice planting in northeast regions, the yield and the quality of rice are both obviously improved, but a large amount of rice straws are generated at the same time, and the problem of treatment of the rice straws becomes a difficult problem influencing the sustainable development of the northeast agriculture.
At present, although rice straws are treated by various modes such as power generation, biogas fermentation, composting and the like, straw returning is still one of the most main measures. However, in northeast China, harvest time in autumn is concentrated, freezing time in winter is long, soil temperature is low, climate is dry, and under natural conditions, rice straws decay slowly, and improper operation can affect soil moisture content in spring, sowing, transplanting quality and yield of autumn crops.
Therefore, the rice straw decomposition agent is developed for quickly decomposing rice straws, and has great significance for effectively utilizing rice straw resources, reducing environmental pollution and promoting sustainable development of rice in northeast regions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rice straw decomposition agent and a preparation method thereof, which can quickly decompose rice straws and realize the fertilizer production of the rice straws.
On the one hand, the invention provides a rice straw decomposing agent which is prepared from raw materials including compound microorganisms, straw powder, bran, rice chaff, a nitrogen fertilizer, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate.
Preferably, the raw materials comprise, by weight, 5-20 parts of the composite microorganism, 40-60 parts of the straw powder, 5-10 parts of the bran, 5-10 parts of the rice chaff, 0.1-0.5 part of the nitrogen fertilizer, 0.1-0.5 part of the magnesium sulfate, 0.1-1.0 part of the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 0.5-1.0 part of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Preferably, the raw materials comprise, by weight, 10-20 parts of the composite microorganism, 45-60 parts of the straw powder, 7-10 parts of the bran, 7-10 parts of the rice chaff, 0.3-0.5 part of the nitrogen fertilizer, 0.2-0.5 part of the magnesium sulfate, 0.4-1.0 part of the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 0.6-1.0 part of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Preferably, the raw materials comprise, by weight, 15 parts of the composite microorganism, 60 parts of the straw powder, 9 parts of the bran, 8 parts of the rice chaff, 0.5 part of the nitrogen fertilizer, 0.3 part of the magnesium sulfate, 1.0 part of the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 0.8 part of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Preferably, the complex microorganism includes bacillus pumilus, issatchenkia orientalis, bacillus subtilis, streptomyces griseofulvin, trichoderma harzianum, and penicillium decumbens.
Preferably, the bacterium content of the bacillus pumilus is more than or equal to 3.0 x 109cfu/mL, the content of the Issatchenkia orientalis is more than or equal to 3.5 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the bacterium content of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the bacterium content of the streptomyces griseofulensis is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the bacterium content of the trichoderma harzianum is more than or equal to 4.0 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the bacterial content of the penicillium decumbens is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 109cfu/mL。
On the other hand, the invention also provides a preparation method of the rice straw decomposing inoculant, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing single bacteria liquid according to a preset weight proportion to obtain a composite microorganism;
step 2, mixing the composite microorganism, straw powder, bran, rice chaff, a nitrogen fertilizer, magnesium sulfate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to a preset weight ratio to obtain a mixed material, and adding clear water to adjust the moisture content of the mixed material;
step 3, carrying out aerobic fermentation on the mixed material treated in the step 2 at the temperature of 25-32 ℃ to obtain a fermentation product;
and 4, drying the fermentation product in the shade or at a low temperature, and then crushing to obtain the rice straw decomposition agent.
Preferably, in step 2, the moisture content of the mixed material is adjusted to 45-65%.
Preferably, in step 3, the fermentation time is 72-96 hours.
Preferably, the mesh number of the rice straw decomposing inoculant is more than or equal to 80 meshes.
The straw decomposition agent is used for returning rice straws to the field, can quickly decompose the rice straws, promotes the root development of rice seedlings and the growth of the rice seedlings, and improves the rice yield.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the decomposition rate of rice straw after application of the straw decomposition agent of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the change in dry weight of rice roots after application of the straw-decomposing inoculant of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of rice dry matter change after application of the straw decomposition agents of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the rice flag leaf SPAD variation after application of the straw decomposition agent of the present invention;
wherein CK represents a control group and F represents a test group.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, and the advantages and features of the invention will become apparent as the description proceeds. It should be understood that the examples are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
In the following description, all methods involved are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified. The starting materials mentioned are all those which are commercially available from the public unless otherwise specified.
The rice straw decomposing agent is prepared by mixing compound microorganisms, straw powder, bran, rice chaff, a nitrogen fertilizer, magnesium sulfate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to a certain proportion, adding clear water to adjust the water content of the mixed material, and fermenting. The straw powder is preferably one, two or three of rice straw powder, corncob powder or wheat straw powder, and the mesh number of the straw powder is more than or equal to 50 meshes. The nitrogen fertilizer is preferably any one of ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate or urea, or a combination of two or more of the foregoing. The rice chaff is the part of rice husk and clean rice removed in the rice-making process of the paddy. The rice straw decomposition agent is used for returning rice straws to fields, can quickly decompose the rice straws, promotes the root development of rice seedlings and the growth of the rice seedlings, and improves the rice yield.
In one embodiment of the invention, the rice straw decomposing agent is prepared from raw materials consisting of compound microorganisms, straw powder, bran, rice chaff, a nitrogen fertilizer, magnesium sulfate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and clear water. The specific preparation process comprises the following steps:
1) selecting Bacillus pumilus (Bacillus pumilus) bacterial liquid, Issatchenkia orientalis (Issatchenkia orientalis) bacterial liquid, Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) bacterial liquid, Trichoderma harzianum (Trichoderma harzianum) bacterial liquid, Penicillium decumbens (Penicillium decumbens) bacterial liquid) The method comprises the following steps of (1) compounding a bacterial liquid and a streptomyces griseorubens bacterial liquid according to a proportioning relationship by weight to obtain a compound microorganism, wherein the compound microorganism is preferably 10-20 parts of a bacillus pumilus bacterial liquid, 5-10 parts of an Issatchenkia orientalis bacterial liquid, 10-20 parts of a bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, 10-20 parts of a streptomyces griseofulensis bacterial liquid, 15-25 parts of a trichoderma harzianum bacterial liquid and 5-15 parts of a penicillium decumbens bacterial liquid. The six bacterial liquids can be prepared by self, and respectively carry out fermentation culture on bacillus pumilus, issatchenkia orientalis, bacillus subtilis, streptomyces griseofulensis, trichoderma harzianum and penicillium decumbens in corresponding liquid culture media to obtain bacterial liquids. The bacterial contents of the bacterial liquids of the single strains are respectively as follows: the bacterium content of the bacillus pumilus is more than or equal to 3.0 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the content of Issatchenkia orientalis is more than or equal to 3.5 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the bacterium content of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the bacteria content of Streptomyces griseofulensis is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the content of Trichoderma harzianum is not less than 4.0 × 109cfu/mL, the bacterial content of the Penicillium decumbens is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 109cfu/mL。
2) Weighing the composite microorganism, the straw powder, the bran, the rice chaff, the nitrogen fertilizer, the magnesium sulfate, the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to a preset weight proportion, then adding the eight raw materials together, stirring, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material, and then adding clear water to adjust the moisture content of the mixed material. The weight proportions of the eight raw material components are respectively optimized as follows: 5-20 parts of compound microorganism, 40-60 parts of straw powder, 5-10 parts of bran, 5-10 parts of rice chaff, 0.1-0.5 part of nitrogen fertilizer, 0.1-0.5 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.1-1.0 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 0.5-1.0 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The moisture content of the mixture is preferably 45 to 65%.
3) The initial pH of the mixed material is natural, the fermentation temperature is controlled within the range of 25-32 ℃, and the mixed material is subjected to aerobic fermentation to obtain a fermentation product. The fermentation time is preferably 72 to 96 hours.
4) Drying the fermentation product obtained in the step 3) in the shade or at low temperature, and then crushing the dried product to obtain the rice straw decomposition agent. The mesh number of the rice straw decomposition agent is more than or equal to 80 meshes, and the temperature of the fermentation product during drying is preferably less than or equal to 50 ℃.
In the cold regionWhen returning rice straws to the field, after the rice is turned green, the straw decomposition agent is diluted by 20-30 times by using clear water and then is uniformly sprayed in the rice field. The application amount of the rice straw decomposition agent is preferably 50-60kg/hm2。
To help better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following examples are provided to illustrate the preparation process of the rice straw-decomposing inoculant of the present invention.
Example one
The raw materials of the rice straw decomposition agent of the embodiment comprise, by weight, 5 parts of composite microorganism, 40 parts of rice straw powder, 5 parts of bran, 5 parts of rice chaff, 0.1 part of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate. The composite microorganism is prepared by compounding bacillus pumilus bacterial liquid, Issatchenkia orientalis bacterial liquid, bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, Streptomyces griseofulvin bacterial liquid, Trichoderma harzianum bacterial liquid and Penicillium decumbens bacterial liquid, wherein the six bacterial liquids are respectively 10 parts by weight of the bacillus pumilus bacterial liquid, 8 parts by weight of the Issatchenkia orientalis bacterial liquid, 17 parts by weight of the bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, 20 parts by weight of the Streptomyces griseofulvin bacterial liquid, 15 parts by weight of the Trichoderma harzianum bacterial liquid and 15 parts by weight of the Penicillium decumbens bacterial liquid. The six bacterial liquids are prepared by the inventor, respectively fermenting and culturing the bacillus pumilus bacterial liquid, the issatchenkia orientalis bacterial liquid, the bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, the streptomyces griseofulensis bacterial liquid, the trichoderma harzianum bacterial liquid and the penicillium decumbens bacterial liquid in corresponding liquid culture media to obtain the bacterial liquids. The bacterial contents of the bacterial liquids of the single strains are respectively as follows: the bacterium content of the bacillus pumilus is more than or equal to 3.0 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the content of Issatchenkia orientalis is more than or equal to 3.5 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the bacterium content of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the bacteria content of Streptomyces griseofulensis is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the content of Trichoderma harzianum is not less than 4.0 × 109cfu/mL, the bacterial content of the Penicillium decumbens is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 109cfu/mL。
The rice straw decomposition agent is prepared by the following steps.
Step 1, uniformly mixing the bacillus pumilus bacterial liquid, the issatchenkia orientalis bacterial liquid, the bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, the streptomyces griseofulvin bacterial liquid, the trichoderma harzianum bacterial liquid and the penicillium decumbens bacterial liquid to obtain the composite microorganism.
And 2, adding the compound microorganisms, the rice straw powder, the bran, the rice chaff, the ammonium bicarbonate, the magnesium sulfate, the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate into a fermentation tank, stirring, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material, and adding clear water to adjust the water content of the mixed material to be 45%.
And 3, performing aerobic fermentation on the mixed material for 72 hours to obtain a fermentation product, wherein the initial pH of the mixed material is natural, the fermentation temperature is controlled within the range of 25-32 ℃.
And 4, drying the fermentation product obtained in the step 3 in the shade in a ventilated place, and then crushing the dried product into 80-mesh powder to obtain the rice straw decomposition agent 1.
Example two
The raw materials of the rice straw decomposition agent of the embodiment comprise, by weight, 10 parts of composite microorganism, 45 parts of mixed straw powder, 7 parts of bran, 7 parts of rice chaff, 0.4 part of ammonium sulfate, 0.2 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.6 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.6 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate. Wherein the mixed straw powder is prepared by compounding rice straw powder and wheat straw powder according to the weight ratio of 3: 1. The compound microorganism is prepared by compounding a bacillus pumilus bacterial liquid, an Issatchenkia orientalis bacterial liquid, a bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, a Streptomyces griseofulvin bacterial liquid, a Trichoderma harzianum bacterial liquid and a Penicillium decumbens bacterial liquid, wherein the six bacterial liquids are respectively 13 parts by weight of the bacillus pumilus bacterial liquid, 7 parts by weight of the Issatchenkia orientalis bacterial liquid, 20 parts by weight of the bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, 17 parts by weight of the Streptomyces griseofulvin bacterial liquid, 18 parts by weight of the Trichoderma harzianum bacterial liquid and 12 parts by weight of the Penicillium decumbens bacterial liquid. The six bacterial liquids are prepared by the inventor, respectively fermenting and culturing the bacillus pumilus bacterial liquid, the issatchenkia orientalis bacterial liquid, the bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, the streptomyces griseofulensis bacterial liquid, the trichoderma harzianum bacterial liquid and the penicillium decumbens bacterial liquid in corresponding liquid culture media to obtain the bacterial liquids. The bacterial contents of the bacterial liquids of the single strains are respectively as follows: the bacterium content of the bacillus pumilus is more than or equal to 3.0 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the content of Issatchenkia orientalis is more than or equal to 3.5 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the bacterium content of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, bacterial content of Streptomyces griseofulensis≥2.5×109cfu/mL, the content of Trichoderma harzianum is not less than 4.0 × 109cfu/mL, the bacterial content of the Penicillium decumbens is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 109cfu/mL。
The rice straw decomposition agent is prepared by the following steps.
Step 1, uniformly mixing the bacillus pumilus bacterial liquid, the issatchenkia orientalis bacterial liquid, the bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, the streptomyces griseofulvin bacterial liquid, the trichoderma harzianum bacterial liquid and the penicillium decumbens bacterial liquid to obtain the composite microorganism.
And 2, adding the composite microorganisms, the rice straw powder, the wheat straw powder, the bran, the rice chaff, the ammonium sulfate, the magnesium sulfate, the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate into a fermentation tank, stirring, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material, and adding clear water to adjust the water content of the mixed material to be 50%.
And 3, performing aerobic fermentation on the mixed material for 80 hours to obtain a fermentation product, wherein the initial pH of the mixed material is natural, the fermentation temperature is controlled within the range of 25-32 ℃.
And 4, drying the fermentation product obtained in the step 3 in the shade in a ventilated place, and then crushing the dried product into powder of 90 meshes to obtain the rice straw decomposition agent 2.
EXAMPLE III
The raw materials of the rice straw decomposition agent of the embodiment comprise 15 parts of composite microorganism, 60 parts of mixed straw powder, 9 parts of bran, 8 parts of rice chaff, 0.5 part of ammonium chloride, 0.3 part of magnesium sulfate, 1.0 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.8 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate by weight. Wherein the mixed straw powder is prepared by compounding rice straw powder and corncob powder according to the weight ratio of 3: 1. The compound microorganism is prepared by compounding bacillus pumilus bacterial liquid, issatchenkia orientalis bacterial liquid, bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, streptomyces griseofulvin bacterial liquid, trichoderma harzianum bacterial liquid and penicillium decumbens bacterial liquid, wherein the six bacterial liquids are respectively 16 parts by weight of the bacillus pumilus bacterial liquid, 10 parts by weight of the issatchenkia orientalis bacterial liquid, 10 parts by weight of the bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, 13 parts by weight of the streptomyces griseofulvin bacterial liquid, 25 parts by weight of trichoderma harzianum bacterial liquid and 9 parts by weight of the penicillium decumbens bacterial liquid. The six bacterial liquids are prepared by the inventor, and respectively prepared from the bacillus pumilus bacterial liquid and the Issatchenkia orientalis bacterial liquidAnd fermenting and culturing the yeast liquid, the bacillus subtilis liquid, the streptomyces griseofulvin liquid, the trichoderma harzianum liquid and the penicillium decumbens liquid in corresponding liquid culture media to obtain the bacterial liquid. The bacterial contents of the bacterial liquids of the single strains are respectively as follows: the bacterium content of the bacillus pumilus is more than or equal to 3.0 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the content of Issatchenkia orientalis is more than or equal to 3.5 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the bacterium content of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the bacteria content of Streptomyces griseofulensis is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the content of Trichoderma harzianum is not less than 4.0 × 109cfu/mL, the bacterial content of the Penicillium decumbens is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 109cfu/mL。
The rice straw decomposition agent is prepared by the following steps.
Step 1, uniformly mixing the bacillus pumilus bacterial liquid, the issatchenkia orientalis bacterial liquid, the bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, the streptomyces griseofulvin bacterial liquid, the trichoderma harzianum bacterial liquid and the penicillium decumbens bacterial liquid to obtain the composite microorganism.
And 2, adding the composite microorganisms, the rice straw powder, the corncob powder, the bran, the rice chaff, the ammonium chloride, the magnesium sulfate, the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate into a fermentation tank, stirring, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material, and adding clear water to adjust the water content of the mixed material to be 60%.
And 3, performing aerobic fermentation on the mixed material for 88 hours to obtain a fermentation product, wherein the initial pH of the mixed material is natural, the fermentation temperature is controlled within the range of 25-32 ℃.
And 4, drying the fermentation product obtained in the step 3 at the temperature of 45-50 ℃, and then crushing the dried product into 100-mesh powder to obtain the rice straw decomposition agent 3.
Example four
The raw materials of the rice straw decomposition agent of the embodiment comprise, by weight, 20 parts of composite microorganism, 55 parts of mixed straw powder, 10 parts of bran, 10 parts of rice chaff, 0.3 part of urea, 0.5 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.4 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1.0 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate. Wherein the mixed straw powder is prepared by compounding rice straw powder, wheat straw powder and corn cob powder according to the weight ratio of 5:3: 2. The compound microorganism is prepared from a bacillus pumilus bacterial solution,The bacterial liquid is prepared by compounding 20 parts of bacillus pumilus bacterial liquid, 5 parts of issatchenkia orientalis bacterial liquid, 14 parts of bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, 10 parts of streptomyces griseofulensis bacterial liquid, 22 parts of trichoderma harzianum bacterial liquid and 5 parts of penicillium clinorum bacterial liquid. The six bacterial liquids are prepared by the inventor, respectively fermenting and culturing the bacillus pumilus bacterial liquid, the issatchenkia orientalis bacterial liquid, the bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, the streptomyces griseofulensis bacterial liquid, the trichoderma harzianum bacterial liquid and the penicillium decumbens bacterial liquid in corresponding liquid culture media to obtain the bacterial liquids. The bacterial contents of the bacterial liquids of the single strains are respectively as follows: the bacterium content of the bacillus pumilus is more than or equal to 3.0 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the content of Issatchenkia orientalis is more than or equal to 3.5 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the bacterium content of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the bacteria content of Streptomyces griseofulensis is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the content of Trichoderma harzianum is not less than 4.0 × 109cfu/mL, the bacterial content of the Penicillium decumbens is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 109cfu/mL。
The rice straw decomposition agent is prepared by the following steps.
Step 1, uniformly mixing the bacillus pumilus bacterial liquid, the issatchenkia orientalis bacterial liquid, the bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid, the streptomyces griseofulvin bacterial liquid, the trichoderma harzianum bacterial liquid and the penicillium decumbens bacterial liquid to obtain the composite microorganism.
And 2, adding the composite microorganisms, the rice straw powder, the wheat straw powder, the corn cob powder, the bran, the rice chaff, the urea, the magnesium sulfate, the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate into a fermentation tank, stirring, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material, and adding clear water to adjust the water content of the mixed material to 65%.
And 3, performing aerobic fermentation on the mixed material for 96 hours to obtain a fermentation product, wherein the initial pH of the mixed material is natural, the fermentation temperature is controlled within the range of 25-32 ℃.
And 4, drying the fermentation product obtained in the step 3 at the temperature of 45-50 ℃, and then crushing the dried product into 110-mesh powder to obtain the rice straw decomposition agent 4.
In order to help better understand the technical scheme of the invention, a test of returning rice straws to the field by adopting the straw decomposition agent 3 is taken as an example to illustrate the application effect of the invention.
Test example: application effect of rice straw decomposing agent in rice straw returning field
The test field is located in Harbin city of Heilongjiang province, and the basic physical and chemical properties of the test field soil are that the pH value is 8.0, the organic matter is 3.0%, the total nitrogen is 1.1g/kg, the total phosphorus is 0.6g/kg, the total potassium is 21.5g/kg, the alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 100.9mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 33.7mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 143.0 mg/kg. The experimental design 2 groups comprise 1 experimental group and 1 control group, each group of experimental designs 3 experimental cells, and the area of each experimental cell is 30m2All test cells are randomly distributed.
The test group applied the rice straw decomposition agent 3 prepared by the invention. The specific application mode is as follows: after the rice is turned green, the rice is turned green according to 55kg/hm2The dosage of the straw decomposition agent 3 is that the straw decomposition agent 3 is diluted by 25 times by using clear water and then is uniformly sprayed in the rice field. The control group replaces the rice straw decomposing agent with the same amount of clear water, and the rest operations are the same as the test group. The method selects Longdao No. 21 as a test variety, and adopts artificial rice transplanting in the middle ten days of 5 months, wherein the row spacing is 13.3cm, the row spacing is 30cm, and 5 plants are planted in each hole. The same general management is adopted for each cell, and the cells are harvested in the last 10 months.
In the growth process of rice plants, sampling and counting the decomposition condition of rice straws from each cell in the joint-pulling booting stage, the filling stage and the mature stage of rice respectively. The results are shown in fig. 1, compared with the control, the decomposition rate of the rice straw in the test group is improved by 17.3% in the heading stage, 7.0% in the grouting stage and 5.9% in the mature stage. The application of the straw decomposition agent can promote the in-situ decomposition of rice straws, quickly release nutrients in the straws and effectively fertilize soil.
In addition, the change of the dry weight of the rice root is sampled and counted from each cell in the joint-pulling and booting stage, the filling stage and the mature stage of the rice respectively. The results are shown in fig. 2, and compared with the control, the dry weight of the rice roots in the test group is increased by 14.0% in the heading stage, 44.9% in the grouting stage and 70.9% in the mature stage. The application of the straw decomposition agent can promote the development of rice root systems.
And respectively sampling and counting the change condition of the dry matter of the rice from each cell in the filling stage and the mature stage of the rice. As shown in FIG. 3, the dry matter of rice in the test group was increased by 4.6% during the filling period and 12.2% during the maturation period, compared to the control group. Meanwhile, in the filling stage and the mature stage of the rice, the rice flag leaf SPAD in different periods is sampled and counted from each cell respectively. As shown in FIG. 4, the SPAD of the rice leaf in the test group was increased by 2.5% in the filling period and 19.0% in the maturation period, compared to the control group. The results of fig. 3 and 4 illustrate that the application of the straw-decomposing agent of the present invention promotes the growth of rice seedlings.
When the rice is harvested, each cell is randomly sampled to carry out indoor test, the effective spike number, the grain number per spike, the setting rate and the thousand-grain weight of each group are investigated, the rice yield of the cell is counted after the rice is harvested, and the result is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The results in table 1 show that, compared with the control, the effective ear number of the test group is increased by 2.3%, the grain number per ear is increased by 8.8%, the thousand kernel weight is increased by 0.2%, and the rice yield is increased by 15.0%. The application of the straw decomposition agent can improve the yield of rice.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification, or any other related technical fields directly or indirectly, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A rice straw decomposing agent is prepared from raw materials including compound microorganisms, straw powder, bran, rice chaff, a nitrogen fertilizer, magnesium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate and dipotassium phosphate.
2. The rice straw decomposition agent according to claim 1, wherein: the raw materials comprise, by weight, 5-20 parts of the composite microorganism, 40-60 parts of the straw powder, 5-10 parts of the bran, 5-10 parts of the rice chaff, 0.1-0.5 part of the nitrogen fertilizer, 0.1-0.5 part of the magnesium sulfate, 0.1-1.0 part of the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 0.5-1.0 part of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
3. The rice straw-decomposing inoculant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the raw materials comprise, by weight, 10-20 parts of the composite microorganism, 45-60 parts of the straw powder, 7-10 parts of the bran, 7-10 parts of the rice chaff, 0.3-0.5 part of the nitrogen fertilizer, 0.2-0.5 part of the magnesium sulfate, 0.4-1.0 part of the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 0.6-1.0 part of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
4. The rice straw-decomposing inoculant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the raw materials comprise, by weight, 15 parts of the composite microorganism, 60 parts of the straw powder, 9 parts of the bran, 8 parts of the rice chaff, 0.5 part of the nitrogen fertilizer, 0.3 part of the magnesium sulfate, 1.0 part of the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 0.8 part of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
5. The rice straw-decomposing inoculant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the compound microorganism comprises bacillus pumilus, issatchenkia orientalis, bacillus subtilis, streptomyces griseofulensis, trichoderma harzianum and penicillium decumbens.
6. The rice straw decomposition agent according to claim 5, wherein: the bacterium content of the bacillus pumilus is more than or equal to 3.0 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the content of the Issatchenkia orientalis is more than or equal to 3.5 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the bacterium content of the bacillus subtilis is more than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the bacterium content of the streptomyces griseofulensis is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the bacterium content of the trichoderma harzianum is more than or equal to 4.0 multiplied by 109cfu/mL, the bacterial content of the penicillium decumbens is more than or equal to 2.5 multiplied by 109cfu/mL。
7. A method of preparing the rice straw-decomposing inoculant of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
step 1, mixing single bacteria liquid according to a preset weight proportion to obtain a composite microorganism;
step 2, mixing the composite microorganism, straw powder, bran, rice chaff, a nitrogen fertilizer, magnesium sulfate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to a preset weight ratio to obtain a mixed material, and adding clear water to adjust the moisture content of the mixed material;
step 3, carrying out aerobic fermentation on the mixed material treated in the step 2 at the temperature of 25-32 ℃ to obtain a fermentation product;
and 4, drying the fermentation product in the shade or at a low temperature, and then crushing to obtain the rice straw decomposition agent.
8. The method of claim 8, wherein: in step 2, the water content of the mixed material is adjusted to 45-65%.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein: in step 3, the fermentation time is 72-96 hours.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein: the mesh number of the rice straw decomposing inoculant is more than or equal to 80 meshes.
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