CN112655498A - Planting method of organic lotus seeds - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a planting method of organic lotus seeds, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a lotus field: selecting a paddy field which is easy to drain and irrigate and has a deep soil layer as a lotus field, and deep ploughing the lotus field in the early winter of the year before the lotus seed is planted and then airing the lotus field; 2) fertilizing in field: deep ploughing the lotus field again before transplanting the lotus roots and applying a base fertilizer; 3) processing the lotus roots; 4) planting lotus roots: planting the lotus roots in a lotus field; 5) laying a straw layer: spraying viable bacteria suspension on the surface of the lotus field, then uniformly paving a straw layer and spraying the viable bacteria suspension again; 6) covering with a film and covering with soil: paving a mulching film on the rice straw layer, and then paving surface soil on the mulching film; 7) field management: and (5) carrying out water management and pest control on the lotus field. The planting method can solve the problem that lotus seeds cannot be planted in lotus fields in the prior art in successive years.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a planting method of organic lotus seeds.
Background
The lotus seeds are dry mature seeds of the lotus of the Nymphaeaceae family, the space lotus 36 is a series of space lotus, and is a high-yield excellent new variety which is obtained by carrying the white lotus seeds on a return satellite for scientific experiments of '940703' in China, performing space mutagenesis, and performing ground planting and breeding with technical personnel of the Nelumbonaceae family together, but the space lotus 36 has poor disease resistance, and the lotus field can not be used in successive years, so that more serious yield reduction and disease damage can be caused in the third year of planting, and the income of planting the lotus is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the situation, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a planting method of organic lotus seeds to solve the problem that lotus seeds cannot be planted in lotus fields in the prior art in successive years.
In order to solve the above technical problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a planting method of organic lotus seeds capable of being continuously planted, comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a lotus field: selecting a paddy field which is easy to drain and irrigate and has a deep soil layer as a lotus field, and deep ploughing the lotus field in the early winter of the year before the lotus seed is planted and then airing the lotus field;
2) fertilizing in field: deep ploughing the lotus field again before transplanting the lotus roots and applying a base fertilizer;
3) processing the lotus roots;
4) planting lotus roots: planting the lotus roots in a lotus field;
5) laying a straw layer: spraying viable bacteria suspension on the surface of the lotus field, then uniformly paving a straw layer and spraying the viable bacteria suspension again;
6) covering with a film and covering with soil: paving a mulching film on the rice straw layer, and then paving surface soil on the mulching film;
7) field management: and (5) carrying out water management and pest control on the lotus field.
According to the technical scheme, after the lotus seeds are harvested in the previous year, deep ploughing and sun drying are carried out on the lotus field, most of residual lotus roots in the lotus field can be removed, in the lotus seed planting process, organic matters are used as base fertilizers of main raw materials in the whole process, mulching films and straw mulching are used in a combined mode, and test results prove that the lotus seeds produced in the third year of planting have good quality and yield.
Further, the depth of the soil layer of the paddy field reaches 60-80 cm.
Further, the plowing depth of the deep plowing in the step 1) and the step 2) is 40-45 cm.
Further, the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of decomposed cow dung, 5-10 parts of rapeseed cakes, 2-5 parts of rock phosphate powder, 5-10 parts of bean pulp, 10-15 parts of peat, 5-10 parts of plant ash and 2-3 parts of humic acid;
preferably, the base fertilizer is applied according to the proportion of 2000-3000kg per mu.
The base fertilizer provided by the invention has proper nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content, wherein the phosphate rock powder is an inorganic phosphate fertilizer source, and can play a role of a phosphate fertilizer under the action of microbial decomposition, so that the effect of fructification and fruit enlargement of lotus seeds is facilitated, and the weight of a single lotus seed is increased. The humic acid is weak acid, can improve the pH value of soil when being added into a base fertilizer for planting the lotus seeds, can be separated from and combined with metal ions in the soil, is favorable for conveying nutrient elements to the lotus plants, can improve the soil structure and is favorable for the growth of the lotus plants. Has the functions of exchange, adsorption, complexation, chelation and the like with metal ions; in the dispersion system, the polymer serves as polyelectrolyte and has the functions of agglomeration, peptization, dispersion and the like. The humic acid molecules also have a certain number of free radicals, which is beneficial to improving the disease resistance of the lotus seeds.
Further, the lotus roots in the step 3) are the space lotus roots of No. 36, the planting depth of the lotus roots is 20-25cm, and the planting density of the lotus roots is 250-280/mu.
Further, the viable bacteria suspension in the step 5) comprises 2-3 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 1-2 parts of bacillus megaterium, 3-4 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 1-2 parts of azotobacter vinelandii, 2-4 parts of cane sugar and 100 parts of water;
in the invention, the bacillus mucilaginosus can decompose phosphate ore powder in the base fertilizer and potassium and phosphorus in inorganic matters contained in soil, the potassium in the bacteria is dissociated after the bacteria die and can be absorbed and utilized by plants, and the bacillus mucilaginosus can improve the content of potassium and phosphorus in the soil and has various effects of improving the yield and quality of lotus seeds and the like when being used in a lotus seed planting field. The bacillus megaterium is a gram-positive good-breeding bacterium, can utilize phosphorus compounds in decomposed cattle manure to decompose phosphorus, and also has the nitrogen fixation effect and enhances the soil fertilizer effect; the lactobacillus plantarum can degrade ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and the like in the applied base fertilizer, improve the absorption of the lotus seeds on the base fertilizer, reduce the organic oxygen consumption, indirectly increase oxygen and improve the water quality of the lotus field; the azotobacter vinelandii can directly use nitrate, ammonia and amino acid in the base fertilizer as nitrogen sources to purify the water quality of the lotus field.
After the lotus seeds are planted, straw is paved on the lotus field and is sprayed with bacterial liquid containing the viable bacteria, on one hand, the straw can improve soil turgor of the lotus field, the straw is matched with a mulching film for use, breeding of weeds can be greatly reduced, the straw can be used as an attachment of the viable bacteria, mass propagation of the viable bacteria can be promoted by utilizing cane sugar in the bacterial liquid, nutrient components in the straw can be well degraded by microorganisms, a base fertilizer formed after degradation can be directly absorbed by lotus plants, and more importantly, the covering of the straw and the mulching film can reduce fertilizer and beneficial bacteria in the soil from being scattered by water, so that the fertilizer efficiency of the base fertilizer is prolonged.
Preferably, the first spraying amount of the live bacterium suspension in the step 5) is 2-4 kg/mu; the amount of the second spraying is 5-8 kg/mu;
preferably, the thickness of the straw layer is 10-15 cm.
Further, the surface soil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-6 parts of river sand, 1-1.5 parts of diatomite, 3-3.5 parts of medical stone and 2-4 parts of peat;
preferably, the paving thickness of the topsoil is 8-10 cm.
The surface soil can fix the mulching film and the straw layer and prevent the mulching film and the straw from being washed away by water, the surface soil takes river sand as a main raw material, the organic matter content of the surface soil is low, so that weeds are difficult to grow, the diatomite, the medical stone and the peat have good adsorption effect, the water quality of the lotus field can be purified, and the lotus leaf blight of the lotus plants caused by water pollution is reduced.
Further, the mulching film is a biodegradable film, preferably a polylactic acid film, the polylactic acid film is easy to degrade, the degradation products do not pollute the lotus field, the mulching film is used for covering the lotus field and does not need to be recycled, the width of the mulching film is 80-100cm, and the thickness of the mulching film is 0.006-0.008 mm.
Further, the lotus roots are smeared with burnt soil before planting, and the smearing method comprises the steps of mixing the burnt soil with water to prepare pasty mud with the water content of 45-55%, and then evenly smearing the pasty mud on the outer surfaces of the lotus roots. According to the method, the burning soil is adopted to treat the lotus roots, the viscosity of the burning soil is higher after the burning soil is mixed with water, and a protective film can be formed on the surface of the healthy lotus roots, so that the effect of isolating plant diseases and insect pests is achieved for the lotus roots.
Further, the pest control method comprises the following steps: selecting 2-3% allicin solution to spray for 1-2 times per month, wherein the spraying amount is 2-4 kg/mu each time;
and/or the moisture management is: and after covering the surface soil with soil, irrigating the lotus root field until the water depth reaches 3-5cm, and gradually increasing the water depth until the water depth is 30-50 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the lotus seed field is deeply ploughed and sunned after the lotus seeds are harvested in the previous year, most of residual lotus roots in the lotus field can be removed, organic matters are used as base fertilizers of main raw materials in the whole planting process of the lotus seeds, mulching films and straw mulching are combined, and test results prove that the lotus seeds produced in the third year of planting still have good quality and yield.
Detailed Description
The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The raw materials in the following examples are all commercially available products and are commercially available, unless otherwise specified. The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples:
example 1
The embodiment provides a planting method of organic lotus seeds, which comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a lotus field: selecting paddy fields which are easy to drain and irrigate and have 60-80cm soil depth as lotus fields, deeply ploughing the lotus fields by 40-45cm in the early winter of one year before the lotus seeds are planted, and then airing the lotus fields;
2) fertilizing in field: deep ploughing the lotus field for 40-45cm again before transplanting the lotus roots and applying base fertilizer according to 2800kg per mu;
wherein the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of decomposed cow dung, 8 parts of rapeseed cakes, 4 parts of rock phosphate powder, 8 parts of soybean meal, 12 parts of peat, 8 parts of plant ash and 2.5 parts of humic acid;
3) processing the lotus roots: the method comprises mixing fire soil with water to obtain paste mud with water content of 50%, and uniformly coating the paste mud on the outer surface of the seed lotus root.
4) Planting lotus roots: planting the lotus roots in a lotus root field, wherein the planting depth of the lotus roots is controlled to be 20-25cm, and the planting density is 260 counts/mu;
5) laying a straw layer: after planting the lotus roots, spraying viable bacteria suspension on the surface of the lotus field, wherein the spraying amount is 3 kg/mu; after spraying, uniformly paving straws on the lotus field until the thickness of a straw layer is 12cm, and spraying the viable bacteria suspension again, wherein the spraying amount is 7 kg/mu;
the viable bacteria suspension comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2.5 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 1.5 parts of bacillus megaterium, 3.5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 1.5 parts of azotobacter vinelandii, 3 parts of cane sugar and 100 parts of water;
6) covering with a film and covering with soil: the method comprises the steps of paving a polylactic acid film mulching film with the width of 100cm and the thickness of 0.006mm on a rice straw layer, uniformly puncturing holes on the mulching film to facilitate the germination of lotus root tips, and then paving surface soil with the thickness of 10cm on the mulching film.
Wherein the topsoil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5.5 parts of river sand, 1.2 parts of diatomite, 3.3 parts of medical stone and 3 parts of peat;
7) field management: after planting the lotus roots, carrying out water management and pest control on the lotus field;
the pest control method comprises the following steps: selecting 2.5% allicin solution to spray, spraying 2 times per month, wherein the spraying amount is 3 kg/mu each time;
the water content management is as follows: and after planting the lotus roots, irrigating the lotus root field until the water depth reaches 4cm, and gradually increasing the water depth until the water depth is 50 cm.
8) Picking: picking was performed when the seedpod appeared brown streaks, the lotus seeds were slightly separated from the seedpod lattice, and the lotus seed-bearing belt was light brown.
And repeating the steps for three years, and counting the quality and the yield of the lotus seeds every year.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a planting method of organic lotus seeds, which comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a lotus field: selecting paddy fields which are easy to drain and irrigate and have 60-80cm soil depth as lotus fields, deeply ploughing the lotus fields by 40-45cm in the early winter of one year before the lotus seeds are planted, and then airing the lotus fields;
2) fertilizing in field: deep ploughing the lotus field for 40-45cm again before transplanting the lotus roots and applying base fertilizer according to 2800kg per mu;
wherein the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of decomposed cow dung, 8 parts of rapeseed cakes, 4 parts of rock phosphate powder, 8 parts of soybean meal, 12 parts of peat, 8 parts of plant ash and 2.5 parts of humic acid;
3) processing the lotus roots: the method comprises mixing fire soil with water to obtain paste mud with water content of 50%, and uniformly coating the paste mud on the outer surface of the seed lotus root.
4) Planting lotus roots: planting the lotus roots in a lotus root field, wherein the planting depth of the lotus roots is controlled to be 20-25cm, and the planting density is 260 counts/mu;
5) laying a straw layer: after planting the lotus roots, spraying viable bacteria suspension on the surface of the lotus field, wherein the spraying amount is 3 kg/mu; after spraying, uniformly paving straws on the lotus field until the thickness of a straw layer is 12cm, and spraying the viable bacteria suspension again, wherein the spraying amount is 7 kg/mu;
the viable bacteria suspension comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 1 part of bacillus megatherium, 3 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 2 parts of azotobacter vinelandii, 2.5 parts of cane sugar and 100 parts of water;
6) covering with a film and covering with soil: the method comprises the steps of paving a polylactic acid film mulching film with the width of 100cm and the thickness of 0.006mm on a rice straw layer, uniformly puncturing holes on the mulching film to facilitate the germination of lotus root tips, and then paving surface soil with the thickness of 10cm on the mulching film.
Wherein the topsoil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts by weight of river sand, 1.5 parts by weight of diatomite, 3.5 parts by weight of medical stone and 3 parts by weight of peat;
7) field management: after planting the lotus roots, carrying out water management and pest control on the lotus field;
the pest control method comprises the following steps: selecting 2.5% allicin solution to spray, spraying 2 times per month, wherein the spraying amount is 3 kg/mu each time;
the water content management is as follows: and after planting the lotus roots, irrigating the lotus root field until the water depth reaches 4cm, and gradually increasing the water depth until the water depth is 50 cm.
8) Picking: picking was performed when the seedpod appeared brown streaks, the lotus seeds were slightly separated from the seedpod lattice, and the lotus seed-bearing belt was light brown.
And repeating the steps for three years, and counting the quality and the yield of the lotus seeds every year.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a planting method of organic lotus seeds, which comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a lotus field: selecting paddy fields which are easy to drain and irrigate and have 60-80cm soil depth as lotus fields, deeply ploughing the lotus fields by 40-45cm in the early winter of one year before the lotus seeds are planted, and then airing the lotus fields;
2) fertilizing in field: deep ploughing the lotus field for 40-45cm again before transplanting the lotus roots and applying base fertilizer according to 3000kg per mu;
wherein the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of decomposed cow dung, 10 parts of rapeseed cakes, 5 parts of rock phosphate powder, 5 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of peat, 5 parts of plant ash and 3 parts of humic acid;
3) processing the lotus roots: the method comprises mixing fire soil with water to obtain paste mud with water content of 50%, and uniformly coating the paste mud on the outer surface of the seed lotus root.
4) Planting lotus roots: planting the lotus roots in a lotus root field, wherein the planting depth of the lotus roots is controlled to be 20-25cm, and the planting density is 260 counts/mu;
5) laying a straw layer: after planting the lotus roots, spraying viable bacteria suspension on the surface of the lotus field, wherein the spraying amount is 3 kg/mu; after spraying, uniformly paving straws on the lotus field until the thickness of a straw layer is 12cm, and spraying the viable bacteria suspension again, wherein the spraying amount is 7 kg/mu;
the viable bacteria suspension comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 1 part of bacillus megatherium, 3 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 2 parts of azotobacter vinelandii, 2.5 parts of cane sugar and 100 parts of water;
6) covering with a film and covering with soil: the method comprises the steps of paving a polylactic acid film mulching film with the width of 100cm and the thickness of 0.006mm on a rice straw layer, uniformly puncturing holes on the mulching film to facilitate the germination of lotus root tips, and then paving surface soil with the thickness of 10cm on the mulching film.
Wherein the topsoil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts by weight of river sand, 1.5 parts by weight of diatomite, 3.5 parts by weight of medical stone and 3 parts by weight of peat;
7) field management: after planting the lotus roots, carrying out water management and pest control on the lotus field;
the pest control method comprises the following steps: selecting 2.5% allicin solution to spray, spraying 2 times per month, wherein the spraying amount is 3 kg/mu each time;
the water content management is as follows: and after planting the lotus roots, irrigating the lotus root field until the water depth reaches 4cm, and gradually increasing the water depth until the water depth is 50 cm.
8) Picking: picking was performed when the seedpod appeared brown streaks, the lotus seeds were slightly separated from the seedpod lattice, and the lotus seed-bearing belt was light brown.
And repeating the steps for three years, and counting the quality and the yield of the lotus seeds every year.
Lotus seedpod prepared according to the method in example 1-3 is dried after shelling, and the dried lotus seeds are subjected to quality detection and yield statistics, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 statistical results of quality and yield of lotus seeds of examples 1-3
As can be seen from table 1, from the quality of the lotus seeds, the lotus seeds obtained by the lotus seeds of the embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention in three years have the same quality, the contents of protein and phospholipid are high, and the weight of the hundred particles is heavy, so that the quality of the lotus seeds is good, and from the yield aspect, the yield of the lotus seeds in the second year is the highest, and the yield of the lotus seeds in the third year is equivalent to that in the first year and is slightly lower without obvious reduction, so that the lotus seeds can be planted in the same lotus field in successive years by using the lotus seed planting method provided by the present invention.
Finally, it is also noted that the above-mentioned lists merely illustrate a few specific embodiments of the invention. It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but that many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The planting method of the organic lotus seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a lotus field: selecting a paddy field which is easy to drain and irrigate and has a deep soil layer as a lotus field, and deep ploughing the lotus field in the early winter of the year before the lotus seed is planted and then airing the lotus field;
2) fertilizing in field: deep ploughing the lotus field again before transplanting the lotus roots and applying a base fertilizer;
3) processing the lotus roots;
4) planting lotus roots: planting the lotus roots in a lotus field;
5) laying a straw layer: spraying viable bacteria suspension on the surface of the lotus field, then uniformly paving a straw layer and spraying the viable bacteria suspension again;
6) covering with a film and covering with soil: paving a mulching film on the rice straw layer, and then paving surface soil on the mulching film;
7) field management: and (5) carrying out water management and pest control on the lotus field.
2. The planting method of organic lotus seeds capable of being planted continuously as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of the soil layer in the paddy field reaches 60-80 cm.
3. The planting method of organic lotus seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ploughing depth of the deep ploughing in step 1) and step 2) is 40-45 cm.
4. The planting method of organic lotus seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of decomposed cow dung, 5-10 parts of rapeseed cakes, 2-5 parts of rock phosphate powder, 5-10 parts of bean pulp, 10-15 parts of peat, 5-10 parts of plant ash and 2-3 parts of humic acid;
preferably, the base fertilizer is applied according to the proportion of 2000-3000kg per mu.
5. The planting method of organic lotus seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lotus roots are No. 36 space lotus roots, the planting depth of the lotus roots is 20-25cm, and the planting density of the lotus roots is 250-280/mu.
6. The planting method of organic lotus seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the viable bacteria suspension of step 5) comprises 2-3 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 1-2 parts of bacillus megaterium, 3-4 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 1-2 parts of azotobacter vinelandii, 2-4 parts of sucrose and 100 parts of water;
preferably, the first spraying amount of the live bacterium suspension in the step 5) is 2-4 kg/mu; the amount of the second spraying is 5-8 kg/mu;
preferably, the thickness of the straw layer is 10-15 cm.
7. The planting method of organic lotus seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the topsoil comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-6 parts of river sand, 1-1.5 parts of diatomite, 3-3.5 parts of medical stone and 2-4 parts of peat;
preferably, the paving thickness of the topsoil is 8-10 cm.
8. The planting method of organic lotus seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mulching film is a biodegradable film, preferably a polylactic acid film, the width of the mulching film is 80-100cm, and the thickness of the mulching film is 0.006-0.008 mm.
9. The planting method of organic lotus seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lotus seeds are coated with burnt soil before planting, and the coating method comprises the steps of mixing the burnt soil with water to form pasty mud with the water content of 45% -55%, and then uniformly coating the pasty mud on the outer surfaces of the lotus seeds.
10. The planting method of organic lotus seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pest control method comprises: selecting an allicin solution with the mass concentration of 2-3% for spraying before lotus leaves grow to blossom, and spraying for 1-2 times per month, wherein the spraying amount is 2-4 kg/mu each time;
and/or the moisture management is: and after covering the surface soil with soil, irrigating the lotus root field until the water depth reaches 3-5cm, and gradually increasing the water depth until the water depth is 30-50 cm.
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