CN110679413A - High-yield planting method for silage corns in arid regions - Google Patents
High-yield planting method for silage corns in arid regions Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a high-yield planting method of silage corns in arid regions, which can greatly improve the total yield, fresh biological yield and dry biological yield of the silage corns by optimizing land selection, land preparation, seed treatment, seedling bed making, seedling raising of seeds, hole-fixing planting and irrigation, and can obtain the crude protein content and the crude fat content which are nearly the same as those of the traditional planting, so that the silage corns are planted in the arid regions with high yield and high quality; meanwhile, the survival rate of the maize seedlings can be effectively improved, and the method is obviously superior to the traditional planting method, so that the method has wide application and popularization values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a high-yield planting method for silage corns in arid regions.
Background
The ensiled corn is developed, so that the problem of grain and feed competition in crossed zones of straw abdomen returning and farming and pasturing can be effectively solved, and the ecological problems of cattle and sheep captive breeding, excessive grazing, grassland degradation and the like are solved. The development of the silage corn can also promote the adjustment of an agricultural planting structure, greatly improve the income of farmers and herdsmen, realize the organic combination of the three-element structure of grain, feed and feed, break through a new way for the development of feed production with two high qualities and one high quality, play a positive role in promoting the production of animal husbandry, and have great significance for realizing the conversion of agriculture from quantitative growth to high quality and high efficiency. Therefore, the silage corns are increasingly researched and paid attention to by people, the demand is increasingly large, and the planting area is also continuously enlarged.
However, in the northwest region, the southwest region, Sinkiang, Gansu and Yunnan of China, the drought is relatively serious. In arid regions, due to the shortage of water resources, when silage corns are planted in the arid regions, the germination rate of seeds and the survival rate of corn seedlings are low, so that a serious particle lack phenomenon occurs after planting, and manual reseeding is needed; meanwhile, the height of the silage corn is large, and the demand for fertilizer and water is large in the planting process, so that the silage corn growing in a drought state is difficult to achieve high yield.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-yield planting method for silage corns in an arid region, aiming at solving the problems that when the silage corns are planted in the arid region, the germination rate of seeds and the survival rate of corn seedlings are low, so that a serious particle shortage phenomenon occurs after planting, and high yield of the silage corns growing in the arid region is difficult to achieve.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a high-yield planting method of silage corns in arid regions, which comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting a planting field, deeply turning over soil, leveling and ridging, and turning the crushed wheat straws into the field when the soil is deeply turned over, wherein the dosage of each mu of wheat straws is 100-; before ridging, applying enough base fertilizer to soil; the width of the ridge surface is 2-30cm, the height of the ridge is 20-40cm, and the distance between the ridges is 50-80 cm;
(2) seed treatment: selecting an ensiling corn variety Zhengqinghao No. 1 as a planting variety, fully soaking corn seeds, then scattering the compound bacterial powder into the corn seeds, fully mixing the seeds and stirring the mixture to ensure that the surface of each seed is stained with the compound bacterial powder;
(3) manufacturing a seedling bed: taking sludge at the bottom of the pond, and mixing the sludge with plant ash, crushed wheat straw, polyacrylamide, sawdust and clay according to a weight ratio of 50: 10: 10: 5: 3: 2, stacking a seedling bed with the length of 20m, the width of 1.5m and the thickness of 10cm, and scattering plant ash with the thickness of 1mm after stacking the seedling bed; then cutting the seedling bed into small squares of 8x8cm by a blade;
(4) seedling raising of seeds: sowing 2 seeds processed in the step (2) in each square, wherein the sowing is to lightly press the seeds into a seedling bed, the seeds are just covered by soil of the seedling bed as a standard, the seedling bed is covered by a greenhouse, and the height of the greenhouse is 60 cm;
(5) hole-fixing planting: digging holes in the ridges when the seeds in the seedling bed grow to be more than 10cm, wherein the size of each hole is larger than 8x8cm so that cultivated small squares can be put down, spreading biological fertilizer at the bottom of each hole, embedding the small squares into the holes integrally, and putting corn seedlings into the ridges in a hole-to-small square mode, wherein the distance between every two holes is 30-40 cm;
(6) irrigation: immediately performing drip irrigation once after sowing, wherein the water application amount is 200-300mm, and then performing drip irrigation for 1-2 times according to the growth condition of the silage corns and the soil drought condition, wherein the water application amount is 200mm each time.
Preferably, the application mode of the base fertilizer used in the step (1) is as follows: 1200kg of pig manure is used for deep ploughing for 25cm per mu, 30L of 800ppm phoxim solution is sprayed for accompanying ploughing per mu during deep ploughing, and then 45kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 30kg of phosphate fertilizer, 45kg of potassium fertilizer, 5kg of boron fertilizer, 3kg of zinc fertilizer and 1kg of rare earth micro-fertilizer are applied for fine ploughing per mu.
Preferably, the composite bacterial powder in the step (2) is prepared by adopting the following method: activating rhodopseudomonas palustris and trichoderma harzianum, culturing in a liquid seed culture medium at 28 ℃ for 15-20 hours respectively, transferring into a sterilized large-tank culture medium according to 15 per mill of inoculation amount, culturing at 32 ℃ for 15 hours, compounding the strains according to the mass ratio of 3:1, and freeze-drying to obtain the microbial inoculum.
Preferably, in the growth period, when the corn seedlings grow to 60-100cm high, spraying 40L of paclobutrazol solution with the concentration of 0.3% per mu for plant dwarfing treatment, and performing first fertilization, wherein 300kg of human and animal manure, 8-10kg of phosphate fertilizer and 10-15kg of cake fertilizer are fertilized per mu; when the corn seedling grows to be more than 120cm, the second fertilization is carried out, and 8kg of urea, 7kg of phosphate fertilizer and 5kg of potash fertilizer are fertilized per mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method optimizes land selection and preparation, seed treatment, seedling bed making, seedling raising of seeds, hole-fixing planting and irrigation, can greatly improve the total yield, fresh biological yield and dry biological yield of the silage corns, and can obtain the crude protein content and crude fat content which are nearly the same as those of the traditional planting, so that the silage corns are planted in arid areas with high yield and high quality; meanwhile, the survival rate of the maize seedlings can be effectively improved, and the method is obviously superior to the traditional planting method, so that the method has wide application and popularization values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In 2017, selecting a piece of soil in a drought region of Zhenyuan county of Gansu province as a silage corn planting test field, sowing in spring and harvesting in summer, wherein the average precipitation in 2017 of the region is about 410 mm; the test fields are divided into 6 blocks, the area of each block is 1 mu, and the test fields are respectively numbered as No. 1 to No. 6, wherein the No. 1 to No. 3 test fields are 3 repeated tests of the planting method, the No. 4 to No. 6 test fields are 3 repeated tests of the traditional planting method, the traditional hole sowing planting method is used as a comparison test, the planting density is the same, and other field management measures are all conventional methods.
As shown in figure 1, (1) deeply ploughing, leveling and ridging the soil of No. 1-3 test fields, and turning the crushed wheat straws into the field when ploughing deeply, wherein the dosage per mu is 100 kg; before ridging, applying enough base fertilizer to soil; the width of the ridge surface is 20cm, the height of the ridge is 20cm, and the ridge distance is 50 cm; the application mode of the base fertilizer is as follows: 1200kg of pig manure is deeply ploughed for 25cm, 30L of 800ppm phoxim solution is sprayed per mu for accompanying ploughing during deep ploughing, and then 45kg of nitrogenous fertilizer, 30kg of phosphate fertilizer, 45kg of potash fertilizer, 5kg of boric fertilizer, 3kg of zinc fertilizer and 1kg of rare earth micro-fertilizer are applied per mu for fine ploughing;
(2) selecting an ensiling corn variety Zhengqinghao No. 1 as a planting variety, fully soaking corn seeds, then scattering the compound bacterial powder into the corn seeds, fully mixing the seeds and stirring the mixture to ensure that the surface of each seed is stained with the compound bacterial powder; the composite bacterial powder is prepared by adopting the following method: activating rhodopseudomonas palustris and trichoderma harzianum, culturing in a liquid seed culture medium at 28 ℃ for 15-20 hours respectively, transferring the activated rhodopseudomonas palustris and trichoderma harzianum into a sterilized large-tank culture medium according to 15 per thousand of inoculation amount, culturing at 32 ℃ for 15 hours, compounding the strains according to the mass ratio of 3:1, and freeze-drying into powder to obtain the compound rhodopseudomonas palustris and trichoderma harzianum;
(3) taking sludge at the bottom of the pond, and mixing the sludge with plant ash, crushed wheat straw, polyacrylamide, sawdust and clay according to a weight ratio of 50: 10: 10: 5: 3: 2, stacking a seedling bed with the length of 20m, the width of 1.5m and the thickness of 10cm, and scattering plant ash with the thickness of 1mm after stacking the seedling bed; then cutting the seedling bed into small squares of 8x8cm by a blade;
(4) 2 treated seeds are sown in each square, wherein the sowing is to lightly press the seeds into a seedling bed, the seedling bed is covered by a greenhouse with the height of the greenhouse being 60cm by taking the seeds just covered by soil of the seedling bed as a standard, and the survival and development of the seeds are ensured;
(5) digging holes in the ridges when the seeds in the seedling bed grow to be more than 10cm, wherein the size of each hole is larger than 8x8cm so that cultivated small squares can be put down, spreading biological fertilizer at the bottom of each hole, embedding the small squares into the holes integrally, and putting corn seedlings into the ridges in a hole-to-small square mode, wherein the distance between every two holes is 40 cm;
(6) immediately after sowing, carrying out drip irrigation once with the water application amount of 300mm, and then carrying out drip irrigation 2 times according to the growth condition of the silage corns and the soil drought condition, wherein the water application amount is 200mm each time.
(7) In the growth period, when the corn seedling grows to be 100cm high, spraying 40L of paclobutrazol solution with the concentration of 0.3% per mu for plant dwarfing treatment, and performing first fertilization, wherein 300kg of human and animal manure, 8kg of phosphate fertilizer and 15kg of cake fertilizer are fertilized per mu; when the corn seedling grows to be more than 120cm, applying 8kg of urea, 7kg of phosphate fertilizer and 5kg of potash fertilizer per mu for the second fertilization; harvesting after the seeds are ripe.
Timely reseeding is needed when seedling shortage occurs in the planting period, and the reseeding quantity of No. 1-6 test fields is recorded respectively.
All the products of the test groups No. 1-3 are harvested for yield statistics, and 10 representative plants are selected from each test group to determine the plant height and the number of green leaves. When in harvest, 3 representative plants are selected for sampling, cut into pieces, uniformly mixed, weighed at 1.00kg, de-enzymed at 105 ℃ for 30min, dried at 65 ℃ to constant weight, and crushed by a 0.45mm sieve for later use as nutrition quality analysis. The content of Crude Protein (CP) is determined by adopting a semi-micro Kjeldahl method, and the content of crude fat (EE) is determined by adopting a residual method. And selecting 3 rows in the middle of each test group to harvest and measure fresh biological yield, converting the fresh biological yield into dry biological yield according to the water content of the sample, and carrying out analysis and statistics on the average number. The specific statistical results of the test groups are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 statistics of the yield, quality and reseeding number of silage maize of the invention
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
Total yield (kg) | 235 | 245 | 213 | 166 | 141 | 156 |
Plant height (m) | 1.76 | 1.69 | 1.72 | 1.95 | 1.93 | 1.99 |
Seed number (mu/mu) | 16 | 15 | 19 | 33 | 38 | 29 |
Fresh biological yield (kg/mu) | 4419 | 4521 | 4330 | 3565 | 3510 | 3490 |
Dry biomass yield (kg/mu) | 1452 | 1462 | 1444 | 1066 | 966 | 993 |
Crude protein content (%) | 9.34 | 9.37 | 9.38 | 9.33 | 9.21 | 9.40 |
Crude fat content (%) | 4.93 | 4.91 | 4.89 | 4.88 | 4.87 | 4.91 |
As can be seen from the contents in table 1, the silage corns harvested from the test groups 1 to 3 planted by the method of the invention are significantly higher than the silage corns from the control group 4 to 6 treated by the traditional planting method in terms of total yield, fresh organism yield and dry organism yield, and the crude protein content and the crude fat content can be kept to be nearly the same as the traditional planting mode, because the reasonable planting density and planting method are adopted by the invention, the silage corns can be planted in arid areas with high yield and high quality; meanwhile, the number of the reseeding seeds in the test group No. 1-3 is obviously less than that in the control field No. 4-6, which shows that the survival rate of the corn seedlings can be effectively improved by seedling culture by the method disclosed by the invention, and the method is obviously superior to the traditional planting method, so that the method has wide application and popularization values.
While the invention has been described above with reference to an embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the various features of the embodiments disclosed herein may be used in any combination, provided that there is no structural conflict, and the combinations are not exhaustively described in this specification merely for the sake of brevity and conservation of resources. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A high-yield planting method for silage corns in arid regions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting a planting field, deeply turning over soil, leveling and ridging, and turning the crushed wheat straws into the field when the soil is deeply turned over, wherein the dosage of each mu of wheat straws is 100-; before ridging, applying enough base fertilizer to soil; the width of the ridge surface is 2-30cm, the height of the ridge is 20-40cm, and the distance between the ridges is 50-80 cm;
(2) seed treatment: selecting an ensiling corn variety Zhengqinghao No. 1 as a planting variety, fully soaking corn seeds, then scattering the compound bacterial powder into the corn seeds, fully mixing the seeds and stirring the mixture to ensure that the surface of each seed is stained with the compound bacterial powder;
(3) manufacturing a seedling bed: taking sludge at the bottom of the pond, and mixing the sludge with plant ash, crushed wheat straw, polyacrylamide, sawdust and clay according to a weight ratio of 50: 10: 10: 5: 3: 2, stacking a seedling bed with the length of 20m, the width of 1.5m and the thickness of 10cm, and scattering plant ash with the thickness of 1mm after stacking the seedling bed; then cutting the seedling bed into small squares of 8x8cm by a blade;
(4) seedling raising of seeds: sowing 2 seeds processed in the step (2) in each square, wherein the sowing is to lightly press the seeds into a seedling bed, the seeds are just covered by soil of the seedling bed as a standard, the seedling bed is covered by a greenhouse, and the height of the greenhouse is 60 cm;
(5) hole-fixing planting: digging holes in the ridges when the seeds in the seedling bed grow to be more than 10cm, wherein the size of each hole is larger than 8x8cm so that cultivated small squares can be put down, spreading biological fertilizer at the bottom of each hole, embedding the small squares into the holes integrally, and putting corn seedlings into the ridges in a hole-to-small square mode, wherein the distance between every two holes is 30-40 cm;
(6) irrigation: immediately performing drip irrigation once after sowing, wherein the water application amount is 200-300mm, and then performing drip irrigation for 1-2 times according to the growth condition of the silage corns and the soil drought condition, wherein the water application amount is 200mm each time.
2. The high-yield planting method for the silage corns in the arid region according to claim 1, characterized in that: the application mode of the base fertilizer used in the step (1) is as follows: 1200kg of pig manure is used for deep ploughing for 25cm per mu, 30L of 800ppm phoxim solution is sprayed for accompanying ploughing per mu during deep ploughing, and then 45kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 30kg of phosphate fertilizer, 45kg of potassium fertilizer, 5kg of boron fertilizer, 3kg of zinc fertilizer and 1kg of rare earth micro-fertilizer are applied for fine ploughing per mu.
3. The high-yield planting method for the silage corns in the arid region according to claim 1, characterized in that: the composite bacterial powder in the step (2) is prepared by adopting the following method: activating rhodopseudomonas palustris and trichoderma harzianum, culturing in a liquid seed culture medium at 28 ℃ for 15-20 hours respectively, transferring into a sterilized large-tank culture medium according to 15 per mill of inoculation amount, culturing at 32 ℃ for 15 hours, compounding the strains according to the mass ratio of 3:1, and freeze-drying to obtain the microbial inoculum.
4. The high-yield planting method for the silage corns in the arid region according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the growth period, when the corn seedling grows to 60-100cm high, spraying 40L of paclobutrazol solution with the concentration of 0.3% per mu for plant dwarfing treatment, and performing first fertilization, wherein 300kg of human and animal manure, 8-10kg of phosphate fertilizer and 10-15kg of cake fertilizer are fertilized per mu; when the corn seedling grows to be more than 120cm, the second fertilization is carried out, and 8kg of urea, 7kg of phosphate fertilizer and 5kg of potash fertilizer are fertilized per mu.
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CN111374002A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-07-07 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Method for planting summer corns by grass grid sand barrier type crop precision dibbling device |
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