CN108243876B - Method for alternately planting rice and tobacco - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for alternately planting rice and tobacco, belonging to the technical field of planting and comprising the following steps: step 1) rice planting: selecting seeds, raising seedlings, transplanting seedlings, managing the transplanted seedlings in the field, and harvesting after the rice is mature; step 2) paddy field management: after the rice is harvested, the harvested straws are covered and returned to the field; step 3), tobacco planting: transplanting tobacco after applying fertilizer; step 4), tobacco management: weeding, deinsectization, irrigation and fertilization; step 5) tobacco harvesting: harvesting after the tobacco is mature; the method greatly reduces the use of chemical fertilizer in the tobacco planting process, improves the soil property, improves the yield of tobacco leaves, greatly improves the content of aroma substances in the tobacco leaves, and improves the quality of the tobacco leaves. Tobacco and soybean or wheat are interplanted, so that the planting space and resources are fully utilized to the maximum extent, the loss of elements is prevented, the repeated utilization of the elements is ensured, the circulation and balance of an ecological system are ensured, and the environment is protected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for alternately planting rice and tobacco, belonging to the technical field of planting.
Background
Tobacco is one of the important economic crops in China, and the planting area and the total yield of the tobacco are the first in the world. At present, China mainly depends on the application of a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to keep the high yield of tobacco leaves, and the use of the large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides causes serious damage to the tobacco leaf planting soil and environment, so that unbalanced enrichment and depletion of soil nutrients occur in part of high-quality tobacco areas with long tobacco planting time, the soil nutrient supply is unbalanced, the ecological environment of a farmland deteriorates, the tobacco leaf quality and the tobacco leaf planting benefit are obviously reduced, the loss is caused to tobacco growers, and the sustainable development of tobacco production is restricted.
How to improve the yield and quality of tobacco is always pursued by growers, and besides researching new planting varieties, planting methods are also important factors influencing crop yield. For example, patent CN201420458185.6 discloses a flue-cured tobacco and peanut planting structure for preventing and controlling tobacco black shank, which is to plant peanuts on both sides of each flue-cured tobacco plant, utilize diversity and allelopathy among crop species, exert a chemical regulation and control mechanism of the peanuts to inhibit the tobacco black shank pathogenic bacteria, and break the chemotactic induction of the flue-cured tobacco to the tobacco black shank pathogenic bacteria, thereby preventing and controlling the occurrence of the tobacco black shank. Patent CN201510415473.2 provides a method for alternately planting rape and tobacco, which comprises planting rape in tobacco field; pressing green the rape straws and rapeseeds integrally after the rape enters a green maturity period; transplanting the cultured tobacco seedlings into the green-pressed tobacco fields, thereby improving the yield and quality of the tobacco leaves. Patent 201210068405.X provides a cultivation method for interplanting tobacco and soybean, which can efficiently utilize photo-thermal resources, solve continuous cropping obstacles in a tobacco area, stabilize tobacco planting area and improve soybean yield.
In order to improve the yield and the quality of tobacco, methods for alternately planting or interplanting tobacco and other crops are disclosed in the prior art, but a method for alternately planting rice and tobacco is not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for alternately planting rice and tobacco, which greatly reduces the use of chemical fertilizers in the planting process of the tobacco, thereby improving the soil property, improving the yield of the tobacco leaves, greatly improving the content of aroma substances in the tobacco leaves and improving the quality of the tobacco leaves. Moreover, when the tobacco is planted, the tobacco can be further interplanted with soybean, wheat and the like, so that the planting space and resources are fully utilized to the maximum extent, the loss of elements is prevented, the repeated utilization of the elements is ensured, the circulation and balance of an ecological system are ensured, and the environment is protected.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
on one hand, the invention provides a method for alternately planting rice and tobacco, which comprises the following steps: rice planting, paddy field management, tobacco planting, tobacco management and tobacco harvesting.
Further, the method for alternately planting the rice and the tobacco comprises the following steps:
step 1) rice planting: selecting seeds, raising seedlings, transplanting seedlings, managing the transplanted seedlings in the field, and harvesting after the rice is mature;
step 2) paddy field management: after the rice is harvested, the harvested straws are covered and returned to the field;
step 3), tobacco planting: transplanting tobacco after applying fertilizer;
step 4), tobacco management: weeding, deinsectization, irrigation and fertilization;
step 5) tobacco harvesting: and (5) harvesting after the tobacco is mature.
Further, the step 2) of paddy field management refers to that the harvested straws are covered and returned to the field after the rice is harvested, wherein the step of covering and returning the harvested straws to the field refers to that the straws are directly ploughed and buried in the soil after being crushed; or the straws are centrally piled up or retted and decomposed and then dispersed to the soil; or the livestock passes through the abdomen and returns to the field, namely the livestock is fed with the straws to become the fertilizer and return to the field.
Further, the fertilization in the step 3) is to uniformly mix the base fertilizer, and uniformly spread the base fertilizer on the surface layer of the soil after the rice is harvested, wherein the dosage of the base fertilizer is only required according to the local fertilization habit.
Further, in the step 5), the soybeans are directly sowed in a no-tillage mode 1-2 weeks before the tobacco is mature.
Further, after no-tillage direct seeding of soybeans, tobacco is harvested, and soybeans are subjected to seedling management, field management and harvest after maturation.
Further, the wheat is planted after the whole amount of the harvested straws are covered and returned to the field in the step 2), and the wheat is managed in the seedling stage and the field.
Further, transplanting the planted tobacco 15-20 days before the wheat is mature after fertilizing in the step 3).
Further, after the tobacco is transplanted, the wheat is mature and the wheat is harvested.
Further, the method for alternately planting the rice and the tobacco comprises the following steps: rice planting, paddy field management, tobacco planting, tobacco management, tobacco and soybean interplanting, tobacco harvesting and soybean harvesting.
Preferably, the interplanted tobacco and soybean is that the soybean is subjected to no-tillage direct seeding, seedling management and field management one week before the first tobacco leaf harvesting, and can be harvested when the soybean stem leaves turn yellow, the seedling stalks and bean pods are dried and are black brown.
Further, the method for alternately planting the rice and the tobacco comprises the following steps: rice planting, paddy field management, wheat planting, tobacco planting, wheat harvesting, tobacco management and tobacco harvesting.
Preferably, the interplanting of the tobacco and the wheat refers to transplanting the tobacco and 5 th-month later-ten days, and the symbiotic period of the tobacco and the wheat is 15-20 days; during transplanting, the slow release fertilizer prepared by treating the rice straws is applied to the tobacco field.
Preferably, the rice is planted: sowing in spring, managing in seedling stage, managing in field and harvesting in autumn.
Preferably, the paddy field management: after harvesting, the rice is turned over in the spring of the next year.
Preferably, the paddy field management: after harvesting, the rice is directly turned over.
Preferably, tobacco planting: according to the flue-cured tobacco GAP planting standard, soil preparation and fertilization, ridging and film covering, and tobacco transplantation are carried out, the row spacing of tobacco ridges is 120-180cm, and the plant spacing of tobacco is 50-90 cm.
Preferably, tobacco management: and carrying out weeding, deinsectization, irrigation and fertilization management in time according to the growth rule of the tobacco.
Preferably, the tobacco harvest: harvesting when 7-8 lower leaves of tobacco turn yellow, harvesting after middle leaves are mature, and harvesting after upper leaves are fully mature.
Further, the fertilizer used in the step 4) is a fertilizer or calcium superphosphate.
Further, after the tobacco is planted for 7-10 days, additional fertilizer for seedling is applied.
Further, the seedling extracting fertilizer is ammonium nitrate and potassium sulfate.
Further, after the tobacco is planted for 20-25 days, additional fertilizer is applied to the tobacco.
Preferably, the seedling raising fertilizer is a compound fertilizer.
After the tobacco is planted, chemical fertilizer and calcium superphosphate are scattered in the tobacco field, so that the fertility of the tobacco field soil is increased, and sufficient nutrition is provided for the transplanted tobacco seedlings.
The ash after incineration of rice seedlings in a rice field can provide nutrients for the whole growth period of tobacco for a long time and uniformly, but cannot provide nutrients for the tobacco rapidly and massively. However, after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the photosynthesis of the tobacco leaves starts to be vigorous gradually just in the period of rapid growth of the root systems, and the fertilizer with single components cannot meet the growth of the tobacco. Preferably, the fertilizer applied in the invention is a compound fertilizer, which can meet the growth of roots after the tobacco leaves are transplanted and also can meet the growth of the tobacco leaves.
Preferably, the whole straw coverage and returning to the field means that the straws are centrally piled or composted and decomposed into slow release fertilizers and then the slow release fertilizers are dispersed into the soil, wherein the preparation process of the slow release fertilizers is as follows:
(1) uniformly spreading rice straws on the ground, spraying water on the straws to ensure that the water content of the straws is 89-92%, naturally airing, and cutting the rice straws into crushed materials with the length of 35-42mm by using a cutting machine when the water content of the straws is 62-73%;
(2) stacking the prepared rice straw crushed aggregates in layers, wherein each layer is 8-12cm thick, spraying mixed enzyme agent to the upper part of each layer one layer by one layer, the spraying amount is 5-10% of the mass of the mixed crushed aggregates, stopping stacking after stacking to 8-10 layers, covering the layers with black plastic, preserving heat, keeping the temperature at 40-45 ℃, turning the stacks once within 2-4 days, and fermenting for 45-50 days;
(3) putting the mixed crushed materials after fermentation in the step (2) into an air dryer for air drying, and then putting the air dryer into a crusher for crushing into powder of 180 meshes and 210 meshes;
(4) putting the crushed powder into a coating machine to be preheated to 40-45 ℃, adding urea formaldehyde resin accounting for 1-3% of the mass of the mixed powder and sodium percarbonate accounting for 0.6-1.2% of the mass of the mixed powder into the powder, and rotating the powder in coating equipment until the surface of the mixed powder forms a bonding liquid layer;
(5) after a bonding liquid layer is formed on the surface of the mixed powder, heating to 48-52 ℃, rotating until the film material uniformly wraps the mixed powder, and curing to form a film;
(6) and (5) repeating the steps (4) and (5) until the mixed powder is completely wrapped and solidified into a film, and cooling to 28-35 ℃ after the film is formed.
The straw full coverage and returning to the field not only increases the microorganisms such as cellulose decomposition bacteria in the soil, but also provides carbon nutrition for the microorganisms in the soil, and in addition, due to the fluffy physical property and rich nutrient substances, the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil are obviously changed, the ecological environment of the soil is improved, the tobacco plants grow strongly, the chemical components of the tobacco leaves are coordinated, and the quality is improved
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts a method for alternately planting rice and tobacco, wherein after rice is harvested, the harvested straws are completely covered and returned to the field. The straws are multipurpose renewable biological resources, the most direct impression of people on the straw treatment mode at present is that a large amount of straws are burnt in a field, after the straws are harvested in summer and autumn every year, the straws are covered by dense smoke, and sometimes the dense smoke is rolled to suffocate people, and the phenomena of airport outage and closed expressway caused by the burning of the straws occur, so that the loss is difficult to count, and the straws can be effectively treated. The invention can cover the whole straws to return to the field, namely, the straws are directly ploughed and buried in the soil after being crushed; or the straws are centrally piled up or retted and decomposed and then dispersed to the soil; or the livestock passes through the abdomen and returns to the field, namely the livestock is fed with the straws to become the fertilizer and return to the field; can change waste into valuable and fully utilize the nutrient components.
(2) In the prior art, a method for alternately planting rape and tobacco is provided, which comprises planting rape in a tobacco field; pressing green the rape straws and rapeseeds integrally after the rape enters a green maturity period; transplanting the cultured tobacco seedlings into the green-pressed tobacco fields. Therefore, in the method, the investment of manpower, material resources and financial resources for planting the rapes is large, no economic benefit is obtained, and the cost of planting the rapes is greatly increased. The rice planting method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the corresponding economic benefits are obtained, the rice seedlings and the rice hulls are used as fertilizers and are all used for planting tobacco, the loss of elements is prevented, the repeated utilization of the elements and the circulation and balance of an ecological system are ensured, the environment is protected, and the application of chemical fertilizers can be reduced.
(3) In the prior art, a flue-cured tobacco and peanut planting structure for preventing and controlling tobacco black shank is also provided, peanuts are planted on two sides of each flue-cured tobacco, the method aims at preventing and controlling the tobacco black shank, and the planting structure belongs to an interplanting mode. Generally, the consistent planting and harvesting time of peanuts and tobacco may cause labor stress and is not conducive to interplanting of next-stubble crops. The planting method of the invention completely avoids the labor tension caused by simultaneous harvest.
(4) In the prior art, a cultivation method for interplanting tobacco and soybeans is also provided, but the cultivation method has the beneficial effects of only improving the yield of soybeans and cannot improve the quality and the yield of tobacco leaves.
(5) When the tobacco is planted, other crops can be further interplanted, so that the planting space and resources can be fully utilized; for example, after rice is harvested, the soil is turned over, then wheat is planted, and the tobacco is transplanted in the last 5 th of month, wherein the symbiotic period with the wheat is 15-20 days; for another example, the soybeans are directly sowed in a no-tillage way one week before the first tobacco leaf harvesting; the utilization rate of the land can be improved by the two modes.
According to the planting method provided by the invention, the tobacco leaf yellowing speed is high, the single leaf quality is increased, the proportion of upper and middle tobacco is increased, the content of aroma substances in the tobacco leaf is increased, the yield per mu is increased, and the yield per mu is increased.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the present invention, the rice planting management method, the tobacco seedling management method, the post-tobacco transplantation field management and the flue-cured tobacco production are all conventional methods, and are not described in detail in the embodiments.
Example 1
(a) Planting rice: selecting seeds, raising seedlings, transplanting seedlings in 3-4 months, managing the transplanted seedlings in the field, and harvesting the seedlings after the rice is mature in 7-8 months;
(b) and (3) paddy field management: after the rice is harvested, the straws are directly ploughed, buried and dispersed in the soil after being crushed;
(c) planting tobacco: in the next 4 months, according to the GAP planting standard of flue-cured tobacco, carrying out land preparation, base fertilizer application, ridging and film covering, and tobacco transplantation, wherein the row spacing of tobacco ridges is 120-180cm, and the plant spacing of tobacco is 50-90 cm;
(d) tobacco management: carrying out weeding, deinsectization, irrigation and fertilization management in time according to the growth rule of tobacco; the fertilizer used for fertilization is a chemical fertilizer or ordinary calcium; after 7-10 days of tobacco planting, dressing and fertilizing the seedling raising fertilizer for the first time; after the tobacco is planted for 20-25 days, topdressing and seedling raising fertilizer for the second time; extracting the seedling fertilizer into a compound fertilizer;
(e) harvesting tobacco: harvesting when 7-8 lower leaves of tobacco turn yellow, harvesting after middle leaves are mature, and harvesting after upper leaves are fully mature.
Example 2
(a) Planting rice: selecting seeds, raising seedlings, transplanting seedlings in 3-4 months, managing the transplanted seedlings in the field, and harvesting the seedlings after the rice is mature in 7-8 months;
(b) and (3) paddy field management: after the rice is harvested, the straws are piled up in a centralized manner or are retted and decomposed, and then are dispersed into the soil;
(c) planting tobacco: in the next 4 months, according to the GAP planting standard of flue-cured tobacco, carrying out land preparation, base fertilizer application, ridging and film covering, and tobacco transplantation, wherein the row spacing of tobacco ridges is 120-180cm, and the plant spacing of tobacco is 50-90 cm;
(d) tobacco management: carrying out weeding, deinsectization, irrigation and fertilization management in time according to the growth rule of tobacco; the fertilizer used for fertilization is a chemical fertilizer or ordinary calcium; after 7-10 days of tobacco planting, dressing and fertilizing the seedling raising fertilizer for the first time; after the tobacco is planted for 20-25 days, topdressing and seedling raising fertilizer for the second time; extracting the seedling fertilizer into a compound fertilizer;
(e) harvesting tobacco: harvesting 7-8 lower leaves of tobacco when the lower leaves turn yellow, harvesting after middle leaves are mature, and harvesting after upper leaves are fully mature;
(f) soybean interplanting and harvesting: directly sowing the soybeans in a zero tillage way one week before the first tobacco leaf harvesting, planting 2 rows of soybeans in the wide tobacco rows, wherein the row spacing between the soybeans is 40 cm, and the row spacing between the tobacco and the soybeans is 40 cm; and (4) seedling management and field management, wherein the soybean can be harvested when the soybean stems and leaves turn yellow, the soybean stems and pods are dried and are black brown.
Example 3
(a) Planting rice: selecting seeds, raising seedlings, transplanting seedlings in 3-4 months, managing the transplanted seedlings in the field, and harvesting the seedlings after the rice is mature in 7-8 months;
(b) and (3) paddy field management: after the rice is harvested, the rice straws are fed to livestock and then are turned into fertilizer to be returned to the field;
(c) planting wheat: planting winter wheat in 11-12 months, planting 6 rows of wheat, and reserving a 60 cm interplanting row in the middle; seedling management and field management;
(d) planting tobacco: transplanting the tobacco to the interplanting rows in the last ten days of the month 5, wherein the planting distance of the tobacco is 50-90 cm; symbiotic period with wheat is 15-20 days; applying base fertilizer to the tobacco field during transplanting;
(e) harvesting wheat: harvesting in the middle and last days of wheat in 6 months;
(f) tobacco management: carrying out weeding, deinsectization, irrigation and fertilization management in time according to the growth rule of tobacco; the fertilizer used for fertilization is a chemical fertilizer or ordinary calcium; after 7-10 days of tobacco planting, dressing and fertilizing the seedling raising fertilizer for the first time; after the tobacco is planted for 20-25 days, topdressing and seedling raising fertilizer for the second time; extracting the seedling fertilizer into a compound fertilizer;
(g) harvesting tobacco: harvesting when 7-8 lower leaves of tobacco turn yellow, harvesting after middle leaves are mature, and harvesting after upper leaves are fully mature.
Example 4
(a) Planting rice: selecting seeds, raising seedlings, transplanting seedlings in 3-4 months, managing the transplanted seedlings in the field, and harvesting the seedlings after the rice is mature in 7-8 months;
(b) and (3) paddy field management: after the rice is harvested, the straws are integrally piled or retted and decomposed into slow release fertilizers and then are dispersed into the soil;
(c) planting wheat: planting winter wheat in 11-12 months, planting 6 rows of wheat, and reserving a 60 cm interplanting row in the middle; seedling management and field management;
(d) planting tobacco: transplanting the tobacco to the interplanting rows in the last ten days of the month 5, wherein the planting distance of the tobacco is 50-90 cm; symbiotic period with wheat is 15-20 days; applying base fertilizer to the tobacco field during transplanting;
(e) harvesting wheat: harvesting in the middle and last days of wheat in 6 months;
(f) tobacco management: carrying out weeding, deinsectization, irrigation and fertilization management in time according to the growth rule of tobacco; the fertilizer used for fertilization is a chemical fertilizer or ordinary calcium; after 7-10 days of tobacco planting, dressing and fertilizing the seedling raising fertilizer for the first time; after the tobacco is planted for 20-25 days, topdressing and seedling raising fertilizer for the second time; extracting the seedling fertilizer into a compound fertilizer;
(g) harvesting tobacco: harvesting 7-8 lower leaves of tobacco when the lower leaves turn yellow, harvesting after middle leaves are mature, and harvesting after upper leaves are fully mature;
(h) soybean interplanting and harvesting: directly sowing the soybeans in a zero tillage way one week before the first tobacco leaf harvesting, planting 2 rows of soybeans in the wide tobacco rows, wherein the row spacing between the soybeans is 40 cm, and the row spacing between the tobacco and the soybeans is 40 cm; and (4) seedling management and field management, wherein the soybean can be harvested when the soybean stems and leaves turn yellow, the soybean stems and pods are dried and are black brown.
Comparative example 1
(a) Planting tobacco: adopting the land without rice planting, performing land preparation, applying base fertilizer, ridging, film covering and transplanting and planting tobacco according to the GAP planting standard of flue-cured tobacco in 4 months, wherein the row spacing of tobacco ridges is 180cm, and the plant spacing of tobacco is 50-90 cm;
(b) tobacco management: carrying out weeding, deinsectization, irrigation and fertilization management in time according to the growth rule of tobacco;
(c) harvesting tobacco: harvesting when 7-8 lower leaves of tobacco turn yellow, harvesting after middle leaves are mature, and harvesting after upper leaves are fully mature.
Comparative example 2
(a) Planting tobacco: adopting the land without rice planting, performing land preparation, applying base fertilizer, ridging, film covering and transplanting and planting tobacco according to the GAP planting standard of flue-cured tobacco in 4 months, wherein the row spacing of tobacco ridges is 180cm, and the plant spacing of tobacco is 50-90 cm;
(b) tobacco management: carrying out weeding, deinsectization, irrigation and fertilization management in time according to the growth rule of tobacco;
(c) harvesting tobacco: harvesting 7-8 lower leaves of tobacco when the lower leaves turn yellow, harvesting after middle leaves are mature, and harvesting after upper leaves are fully mature;
(d) soybean interplanting and harvesting: directly sowing the soybeans in a zero tillage way one week before the first tobacco leaf harvesting, planting 2 rows of soybeans in the wide tobacco rows, wherein the row spacing between the soybeans is 40 cm, and the row spacing between the tobacco and the soybeans is 40 cm; and (4) seedling management and field management, wherein the soybean can be harvested when the soybean stems and leaves turn yellow, the soybean stems and pods are dried and are black brown.
Comparative example 3
(a) Planting wheat: planting winter wheat in 11-12 months on a land on which rice is not planted, planting 6 rows of wheat, and reserving a 60 cm interplanting row in the middle; seedling management and field management;
(b) planting tobacco: transplanting the tobacco to the interplanting rows in the last ten days of the month 5, wherein the planting distance of the tobacco is 50-90 cm; symbiotic period with wheat is 15-20 days;
(c) harvesting wheat: harvesting in the middle and last days of wheat in 6 months;
(d) tobacco management: carrying out weeding, deinsectization, irrigation and fertilization management in time according to the growth rule of tobacco;
(e) harvesting tobacco: harvesting when 7-8 lower leaves of tobacco turn yellow, harvesting after middle leaves are mature, and harvesting after upper leaves are fully mature.
TABLE 1 tobacco appearance and quality survey
| Examples | Weight per gram of single leaf | The first-class smoke proportion% | The proportion of moderate smoke% | Average tobacco yield per kg | Average yield per mu/kg of soybean/wheat |
| Example 1 | 13 | 60.8 | 35.6 | 125.67 | / |
| Example 2 | 12.8 | 55.7％ | 40.2％ | 127.26 | 165.23 |
| Example 3 | 12.6 | 59.1％ | 43.4％ | 120.59 | 420.89 |
| Example 4 | 12.5 | 57.2％ | 42.5％ | 124.63 | 167.54/421.58 |
| Comparative example 1 | 9.5 | 32.3 | 54.2 | 110.34 | / |
| Comparative example 2 | 8.7 | 33.3 | 51.5 | 108.61 | 140.58 |
| Comparative example 3 | 9.1 | 30.7 | 50.6 | 105.97 | 410.55 |
The results in table 1 show that (1) the method of alternately planting rice and tobacco is adopted, and rice straws are treated in a certain way and then applied to a tobacco field, so that the quality of single leaf can be obviously increased, the proportion of upper and middle tobacco is increased, and the yield per mu is increased;
(2) when the tobacco is planted, wheat or soybean is interplanted, and the appearance and the quality of the tobacco are basically equivalent to those of the tobacco when the tobacco is planted alone; and the yield per mu of the soybean and the wheat is also greatly improved, and the income can be increased.
TABLE 2 tobacco aroma substance content (ug/g)
| Neutral aroma component | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 |
| Aromatic amino acid degradation products | 32.83 | 34.18 | 30.99 | 33.56 | 26.75 | 22.45 | 23.78 |
| Maillard reaction product | 30.84 | 33.56 | 32.86 | 32.56 | 25.37 | 26.77 | 25.18 |
| Carotenoid degradation product | 123.90 | 120.79 | 119.54 | 120.95 | 85.67 | 80.67 | 85.23 |
| Chlorophyll degradation products | 1983.46 | 1890.67 | 1900.53 | 1950.57 | 1100.98 | 1134.89 | 1109.17 |
| Total amount of | 2171.03 | 2079.20 | 2083.92 | 2106.25 | 1238.77 | 1264.78 | 1243.36 |
The results in table 2 show that the method of alternately planting rice and tobacco is adopted, and the rice straw is treated in a certain way and then applied to the tobacco field, so that the content of the aroma substance in the tobacco leaves can be greatly improved, and the smoke is fully, roundly, fine, smooth, comfortable and refreshing in taste.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (2)
1. A method for alternately planting rice and tobacco is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) rice planting: selecting seeds, raising seedlings, transplanting seedlings, managing the transplanted seedlings in the field, and harvesting after the rice is mature;
step 2) paddy field management: after the rice is harvested, the harvested straws are covered and returned to the field; covering the whole amount of the harvested straws to return the straws to the field, planting wheat, managing in the seedling stage and managing in the field;
step 3), tobacco planting: transplanting and planting tobacco 15-20 days before wheat is mature after fertilization; after the tobacco is transplanted, the wheat is mature and the wheat is harvested;
step 4), tobacco management: weeding, deinsectization, irrigation and fertilization;
step 5) tobacco harvesting: harvesting after the tobacco is mature; after the tobacco is mature, the soybean is directly sown in a no-tillage mode 1-2 weeks before harvesting; harvesting tobacco after no-tillage direct seeding of soybeans, performing seedling management and field management on the soybeans, and harvesting after the soybeans are mature;
the step 2) of returning the whole straws to the field by covering refers to directly ploughing and burying the crushed straws in the soil; or the straws are centrally piled up or retted and decomposed and then dispersed to the soil; or the livestock passes through the abdomen and returns to the field, namely the livestock is fed with the straws to become the fertilizer and return to the field;
the fertilizer used in the step 4) is a chemical fertilizer or ordinary calcium;
after 7-10 days of tobacco planting, dressing and fertilizing the seedling raising fertilizer for the first time; and (4) after the tobacco is planted for 20-25 days, dressing and fertilizing the seedling for the second time.
2. The method for alternately planting paddy rice and tobacco as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizing in the step 3) is that the base fertilizer is uniformly mixed and then uniformly spread on the surface layer of the soil after the paddy rice is harvested, and the amount of the base fertilizer is determined according to local fertilizing habits.
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| CN109328957B (en) * | 2018-11-10 | 2020-09-29 | 湖南省烟草公司永州市公司 | Method for controlling nitrogen and increasing quality of flue-cured tobacco in high organic matter tobacco field soil |
| CN109566309A (en) * | 2019-01-03 | 2019-04-05 | 宁远县兴健水稻种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of rice |
| CN110115126B (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2020-07-10 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for improving hardened soil for flue-cured tobacco planting |
| CN110651580B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2022-10-18 | 湖南农业大学 | Fertilizing method for tobacco in rice-crop tobacco area |
| CN117481005A (en) * | 2023-09-21 | 2024-02-02 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Planting method for combining hillside tobacco and upland rice |
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| CN104649758A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-27 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Soil high-carbon base additive prepared by fermenting rice straw |
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| CN104041277B (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2015-10-21 | 云南省烟草公司曲靖市公司 | A kind ofly reduce the crop rotation of field cigarette growing area tobacco leaf chloride ion content and no-tillage method |
| CN105145003B (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2017-11-07 | 湖南农业大学 | The stalk returning to the field methods of cultivation on the spot in corn flue-cured tobacco rotation system |
| CN105165384B (en) * | 2015-11-01 | 2018-04-13 | 湖南省烟草公司永州市公司 | A kind of light simple efficient cultivation method of Tobacco-rice rotation area flue-cured tobacco |
| CN107242063A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-10-13 | 湖南锦里正稻生态农业有限公司 | Rice high yield cultivating method after a kind of cigarette |
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| CN104649758A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-05-27 | 中国烟草总公司广东省公司 | Soil high-carbon base additive prepared by fermenting rice straw |
| CN104885833A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-09-09 | 舒城县东方粮油种植专业合作社 | Paddy field no-tillage interplant wheat planting method |
| CN104920104A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-23 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Planting bed for potting tobacco and using method thereof and application in tobacco seedling planting |
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