CN112573952A - Method for improving aerobic composting effect of organic waste in agricultural rural areas - Google Patents
Method for improving aerobic composting effect of organic waste in agricultural rural areas Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and resource utilization, and particularly relates to a method for improving the aerobic composting effect of agricultural rural organic wastes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and resource utilization, and particularly relates to a method for improving the aerobic composting effect of organic wastes in agricultural rural areas.
Background
The agricultural rural organic waste refers to organic substances which are generated in the agricultural production process, cannot be effectively utilized and can directly or indirectly cause environmental pollution. The method can be divided into two categories of plant fibrous waste and livestock and poultry manure according to the components, wherein the plant fibrous waste comprises main crop straws, rice hulls or waste generated by processing other agricultural products, and the crop straws are the most main agricultural byproducts in the production process. Meanwhile, China is also a big livestock and poultry breeding country, and a large amount of livestock and poultry manure (pig manure, chicken manure, sheep manure, cow manure and the like) is produced every year. According to statistics, the annual output of agricultural and rural wastes in China is about 40 hundred million tons, wherein 26.0 million tons of livestock and poultry manure and 7.0 million tons of crop straws are produced. In agricultural sources, livestock and poultry breeding waste becomes a main pollution emission source.
At present, the resource utilization technology of agricultural and rural organic wastes mainly comprises composting, feed processing, curing, carbonization, gasification, novel composite material preparation and the like. Among them, aerobic composting is one of the major biotechnologies for the effective treatment of agricultural wastes. However, the traditional aerobic composting method has the defects of slow decomposition speed, long composting period, easy loss of nutrient components of manure, environmental pollution and the like, so how to control the organic matter decomposition speed and nutrient component loss in the livestock manure composting process in situ, reduce the concentration of effective heavy metal and discharge harmful gas is always the key point of the composting process research.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art and develop a new method for improving the aerobic composting effect of organic wastes in agricultural rural areas, the inventor carries out deep research and exploration, and finishes the invention after paying enough creative labor.
Specifically, the invention aims to provide a novel method for accelerating the decomposition speed of organic matters in the aerobic composting process of organic wastes in agricultural rural areas, reducing the nitrogen loss in the composting process and reducing the concentration of heavy metals in compost products.
The invention discloses a method for improving the aerobic composting effect of organic wastes in agricultural rural areas, which is a method for improving the aerobic composting effect of the organic wastes in agricultural rural areas by taking the organic wastes in agricultural rural areas as raw materials and adding crop straw biochar in the aerobic composting process, wherein the aerobic composting process is to carry out aerobic composting by thermophilic microorganisms, and the crop straw biochar is a product obtained by carrying out thermal cracking and carbonization on crop straws in a high-temperature and anaerobic environment.
By the method disclosed by the invention, the inter-species electron transfer rate of different microorganisms in an aerobic composting system can be accelerated, meanwhile, the volatilization loss of ammonia is reduced, heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd and the like are passivated, and the content of effective heavy metals in a composting product is obviously reduced.
Further preferably, the agricultural rural organic waste is a mixture of livestock and poultry manure and crop straws.
The livestock and poultry manure is selected from one or more of chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure and deer manure, and the composition of the chicken manure or the sheep manure or the combination of the chicken manure and the sheep manure is further optimized.
In the method of the present invention, the water content of the livestock manure is 50 to 75%, and is further optimized to 60 to 70%.
In the method of the invention, the crop straws are selected from any one or more of corn stalks, rice straws, sorghum straws, wheat straws, sweet potato straws and sugarcane straws, and are further optimized into the corn straws, the rice straws or the combination thereof.
In the method of the invention, the mass ratio of the livestock manure to the dry weight of the crop straws is 9:1-6:4, and more preferably 8:2-7: 3.
In the method, the using amount of the crop straw biochar is 0.003-0.01 time of the dry weight of the agricultural rural organic waste, and is further optimized to be 0.005-0.008 time.
In the method, the synthesis high temperature of the crop straw biochar is 500-700 ℃, and more preferably 550-650 ℃.
In the method, the high-temperature environment is preferably heated at a constant rate, and the temperature raising rate in the crop straw biochar synthesis process is 2-10 ℃/min, and the temperature raising rate is preferably 5-8 ℃/min.
According to the invention, the crop straw biochar is added in the livestock manure aerobic composting process, so that the decomposition speed of organic waste in agricultural rural areas can be accelerated, the nitrogen loss in the composting process is reduced, and the heavy metal concentration in the compost product is reduced. The mechanism is that aerobic compost is an organic raw material for releasing bacteria, fungi and wiresAnd (3) carrying out mineralization, humification and harmless reaction under the action of microorganisms such as bacteria and the like through high-temperature fermentation to generate a plurality of available nutrients and humus. In the aerobic composting process, soluble small molecular organic substances in the organic waste permeate cell walls and cell membranes of microorganisms to be absorbed and utilized by the microorganisms. Insoluble macromolecular organic matter is first attached to outside of microbe and decomposed with extracellular enzyme secreted by microbe into soluble small molecular matter, which is then introduced into cell for utilization by microbe. It can be seen that aerobic composting is an electron transfer process from large molecular organic matter to small molecular organic matter, which is dominated by microbial action. The aerobic composting effect can be improved by regulating and controlling the electron transfer process in the aerobic composting process. The crop straw biochar is prepared by cracking and carbonizing crop straws at the high temperature of 500-700 ℃ in an oxygen-free condition, and is a substance which is insoluble, stable, highly aromatic, solid and rich in carbon. The carbon material has the typical physical and chemical properties of the carbon material, such as strong conductive capacity, large specific surface area and the like. In the aerobic composting process of organic waste, crop straw biochar is added, so that the electron transmission efficiency can be improved, the organic matter decomposition speed is increased, and the composting time is shortened. In the composting process, NH3The large amount of volatile matter in the high temperature stage is a major disadvantage of composting, and this process results in significant nitrogen loss. After the biomass charcoal is added, the C/N ratio of compost is changed, and the ratio of NH is improved3The absorption effect of the method can reduce the volatilization loss of ammonia and increase the content of non-acid hydrolysis organic nitrogen in the compost product. Meanwhile, the biological carbon is added in the composting process, so that the biological effectiveness of heavy metals in a livestock manure composting system can be influenced, the heavy metals such as Cu, Zn, Cd and the like are passivated, and the content of the heavy metals in the compost product is obviously reduced.
In conclusion, the invention provides a method for improving the aerobic composting effect of organic wastes in agricultural rural areas, and through comprehensive use and cooperation of specific process operation and technical means, the method disclosed by the invention obtains multiple advantages and can generate multiple effects in practical application, such as:
1. the aerobic composting of the agricultural rural organic wastes such as livestock and poultry manure, crop straws and the like is realized, the reduction of the organic wastes is realized, and the addition of the biochar prepared from the crop straws also obviously improves the aerobic composting efficiency and realizes the purpose of recycling the organic wastes.
2. The addition of the crop straw biochar can also obviously and effectively control the loss of nitrogen and realize the passivation of heavy metals, and has higher practical application value.
In a word, the method provided by the invention can effectively improve the aerobic composting effect of the organic waste in agricultural rural areas, and has good application prospects in the aspects of environmental management, comprehensive utilization of waste resources and the like.
Detailed Description
The present invention is illustrated in detail below by way of specific examples, but the use and purpose of these exemplary embodiments are only to illustrate and explain the present invention, and do not constitute any limitation to the actual scope of the present invention in any form, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that in all the examples and/or comparative examples, a windrow composting system is adopted, and the composting adopts an active ventilation mode of manual pile turning, and the pile turning is performed every 3 days from the date of composting. The strip-pile type composting system is a pile body which is built to be 5m long, 3m wide and 1.5m high.
The feces themselves in the following examples have a water content, and the water content is adjusted to 70% by the following procedure.
Example 1
The aerobic composting test was carried out in a sunlight greenhouse. The mass ratio of the chicken manure to the rice straw is 8:2, the water content is adjusted to 70%, aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out by using thermophilic microbial agents, crop straw biochar is not added, and a stack turning machine is adopted. The organic waste is thoroughly decomposed after 36 days of aerobic fermentation treatment, and the obtained fertilizer meets the organic fertilizer standard (NY 525-2012).
Example 2
The aerobic composting test was carried out in a sunlight greenhouse. The mass ratio of the chicken manure to the rice straw is 8:2, the water content is adjusted to 70%, aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out by using thermophilic microbial agents, biochar formed by cracking and carbonizing the rice straw at 600 ℃ is added, and the mass ratio of the dry weight of the active carbon to the dry weight of the mixture of the livestock manure and the crop straw is 0.005:1 and pile turning is carried out by adopting a turner. The organic wastes are thoroughly decomposed after 30-day aerobic fermentation treatment, the obtained fertilizer meets the organic fertilizer standard (NY525-2012), the N content is increased by 25% compared with the organic fertilizer product obtained without adding biochar, and the proportion of effective Cu, Zn and Cd is respectively reduced by 65%, 76% and 83%.
The preparation process of the straw biochar is as follows: weighing a certain amount of dry rice straw into a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat into a tubular furnace, introducing nitrogen, heating the porcelain boat to 600 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping the heating time for 1h, naturally cooling the porcelain boat to 25 ℃, taking the porcelain boat out after cooling, soaking the porcelain boat in 20 wt% hydrofluoric acid for 24h, then sequentially washing the porcelain boat for 4 times with water and ethanol to neutrality, and then placing the porcelain boat into a vacuum box (60 ℃) for drying to obtain the biomass carbon material.
The bioproduction process in examples 3, 4 and 6 was the same as in example 2. In examples 5 and 7, the preparation conditions were the same except for the difference in the type of straw and the heating temperature during the preparation of the crop straw biochar.
Example 3
The aerobic composting test was carried out in a sunlight greenhouse. The mass ratio of the chicken manure to the rice straw is 8:2, the water content is adjusted to 70%, aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out by using thermophilic microbial agents, biochar formed by cracking and carbonizing the rice straw at 600 ℃ is added, and the mass ratio of the dry weight of the active carbon to the dry weight of the mixture of the livestock manure and the crop straw is 0.003: 1. The organic wastes are thoroughly decomposed by 32-day aerobic fermentation treatment, the obtained fertilizer meets the organic fertilizer standard (NY525-2012), and compared with the organic fertilizer product obtained without adding biochar, the N content is increased by 12%, and the proportion of effective Cu, Zn and Cd is respectively reduced by 36%, 47% and 56%.
Example 4
The aerobic composting test was carried out in a sunlight greenhouse. The mass ratio of the chicken manure to the rice straw is 8:2, the water content is adjusted to 70%, aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out by using a thermophilic microbial agent, biochar prepared by cracking and carbonizing the rice straw at 600 ℃ is added, and the mass ratio of the dry weight of the active carbon to the dry weight of the mixture of the livestock manure and the crop straw is 0.008:1 and pile turning is carried out by adopting a turner. The organic waste is thoroughly decomposed after 27 days of aerobic fermentation treatment, the obtained fertilizer meets the organic fertilizer standard (NY525-2012), the N content is improved by 28% compared with the organic fertilizer product obtained without adding biochar, and the proportion of effective Cu, Zn and Cd is respectively reduced by 68%, 81% and 86%.
Example 5
The aerobic composting test was carried out in a sunlight greenhouse. The mass ratio of the chicken manure to the rice straw is 8:2, the water content is adjusted to 70%, aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out by using thermophilic microbial agents, biochar formed by cracking and carbonizing the rice straw at 550 ℃ is added, and the mass ratio of the dry weight of the active carbon to the dry weight of the mixture of the livestock manure and the crop straw is 0.005:1 and pile turning is carried out by adopting a turner. The organic wastes are thoroughly decomposed by 31-day aerobic fermentation treatment, the obtained fertilizer meets the organic fertilizer standard (NY525-2012), the N content is improved by 19% compared with the organic fertilizer product obtained without adding biochar, and the proportion of effective Cu, Zn and Cd is respectively reduced by 57%, 68% and 75%.
Example 6
The aerobic composting test was carried out in a sunlight greenhouse. The mass ratio of the chicken manure to the rice straw is 9:1, the water content is adjusted to 70%, aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out by using thermophilic microbial agents, biochar formed by cracking and carbonizing the rice straw at 600 ℃ is added, and the mass ratio of the dry weight of the active carbon to the dry weight of the mixture of the livestock manure and the crop straw is 0.005:1 and pile turning is carried out by adopting a turner. The organic wastes are thoroughly decomposed after 28 days of aerobic fermentation treatment, the obtained fertilizer meets the organic fertilizer standard (NY525-2012), the N content is improved by 28 percent compared with the organic fertilizer product obtained without adding biochar, and the proportions of effective Cu, Zn and Cd are respectively reduced by 51 percent, 58 percent and 66 percent.
Example 7
The aerobic composting test was carried out in a sunlight greenhouse. The mass ratio of the chicken manure to the rice straw is 8:2, the water content is adjusted to 70%, aerobic high-temperature fermentation is carried out by using thermophilic microbial agents, biochar prepared by cracking and carbonizing corn straws at 600 ℃ is added, and the mass ratio of the dry weight of the active carbon to the dry weight of the mixture of the livestock manure and the crop straws is 0.005:1, and the stack is turned by using a turner. The organic wastes are thoroughly decomposed after 30-day aerobic fermentation treatment, the obtained fertilizer meets the organic fertilizer standard (NY525-2012), the N content is improved by 21% compared with the organic fertilizer product obtained without adding biochar, and the proportion of effective Cu, Zn and Cd is respectively reduced by 60%, 71% and 75%.
It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should also be understood that various alterations, modifications and/or variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art after reading the technical content of the present invention, and all such equivalents fall within the protective scope defined by the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the aerobic composting effect of organic wastes in agricultural rural areas is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method takes agricultural rural organic waste as a raw material, and adds crop straw biochar in the aerobic composting process to improve the aerobic composting effect of the agricultural rural organic waste, wherein the aerobic composting treatment refers to aerobic composting treatment by thermophilic microorganisms, and the crop straw biochar refers to a product obtained by carrying out thermal cracking and carbonization on crop straws in a high-temperature and anaerobic environment.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the agricultural rural organic waste is a mixture of livestock and poultry manure and crop straws.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: the livestock and poultry manure is selected from any one or more of chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure and deer manure, and the combination of the chicken manure or the sheep manure or the chicken manure and the sheep manure is further preferably adopted.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein: the water content of the livestock and poultry manure is 50-75%, and more preferably 60-70%.
5. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the crop straws are independently selected from one or more of corn straws, rice straws, sorghum straws, wheat straws, sweet potato straws and sugarcane straws, and the crop straws are further preferably the corn straws or the rice straws or the combination of the corn straws and the rice straws.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein: the dry weight mass ratio of the livestock manure to the crop straws in the agricultural rural organic waste is 9:1-6:4, and the optimal weight ratio is 8:2-7: 3.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the using amount of the crop straw biochar is 0.003-0.01 time of the dry weight of the agricultural rural organic waste, and the using amount is further optimized to be 0.005-0.008 time.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the high temperature is 500-700 ℃, and the temperature is further 550-650 ℃.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein: the high-temperature environment adopts a constant-speed temperature rise mode, and the temperature rise rate is 2-10 ℃/min, and more preferably 5-8 ℃/min.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein: the thermophilic microorganism is any one or more of endophytic bacillus, thermophilic sporothrix, hydrogenbacillus, Thermus and thermophilic cellulolytic bacteria.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN117303959A (en) * | 2023-09-22 | 2023-12-29 | 苏州市农业科学院 | Composting method for promoting agricultural organic waste decomposition and greenhouse gas emission reduction synergy |
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