CN117303959B - Composting method for promoting agricultural organic waste decomposition and greenhouse gas emission reduction synergy - Google Patents
Composting method for promoting agricultural organic waste decomposition and greenhouse gas emission reduction synergy Download PDFInfo
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste recycling, and in particular relates to a composting method for promoting the coordination of decomposition and greenhouse gas emission reduction in the process of composting agricultural organic waste, which mainly comprises the following steps: 1) Preparing and matching materials: fully and uniformly mixing rural organic waste serving as a composting raw material and biochar serving as a composting auxiliary material to obtain an initial composting body, wherein the biochar accounts for 10-20% of the mass of the initial composting body; 2) And (3) controlled aerobic fermentation: the initial composting body carries out aerobic fermentation, the temperature is controlled in the process, the composting process is properly turned over and ended in a proper period; compared with the traditional composting technology, the invention has the action characteristics of promoting harmless decomposition, shortening composting period, maintaining, reducing emission of environmental bad gas and the like, realizes the synergistic promotion of the decomposition of the organic waste composting process and the emission reduction of greenhouse gas, and has important practical significance for promoting the fertilizer utilization of the organic waste in agricultural rural areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste recycling, and particularly relates to a composting method for promoting the coordination of decomposition and greenhouse gas emission reduction in the process of composting agricultural organic waste.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of social economy and continuous improvement of living standard of residents in China, the consumption of people on high-quality agricultural products is increased, so that agriculture is rapidly developed in a large-scale, intensive and specialized mode, but a large amount of agricultural wastes such as straw, facility tail vegetables and livestock manure are generated, and according to statistics, the generation amount of the livestock manure reaches 44.28 hundred million tons by 2020, and huge threats are caused to the ecological environment of agricultural rural areas and the health of residents. As the agricultural organic waste contains rich carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients, the agricultural organic waste is a main raw material source of agricultural organic fertilizers in China, along with the gradual implementation of policies and schemes of chemical fertilizer application reduction and organic fertilizer replacement in China, the harmless, quantitative reduction and recycling treatment and utilization of the agricultural rural organic waste are mainly realized by a high-temperature aerobic composting technology.
The conventional high-temperature aerobic composting method is used for guaranteeing innocuity and decomposition of compost materials, firstly, the materials are compatible according to the carbon-nitrogen ratio and are regulated and controlled to have proper water content, secondly, aeration or frequent turning oxygenation is carried out when the temperature of the compost is raised to be more than 65 ℃, and finally, the compost is fermented for more than 50 days at one time according to production experience and then enters a low-temperature post-maturation stage. As a great amount of volatile gas is generated by the microbial degradation in the high-temperature aerobic composting process, the loss of carbon and nitrogen nutrients is serious, related researches show that the nitrogen loss amount in the livestock manure composting process is 77 percent, the carbon loss amount is 66.7 percent, the gas discharged in the composting period is mainly CO 2、CH4、N2O、NH3 and the like, the agricultural value of a composting product is reduced, the global greenhouse effect is obviously increased, and related researches also show that the volatilization and discharge of the gas such as the composting body CO 2、CH4、N2O、NH3 are closely related to the composting temperature, the composting frequency or the oxygen ventilation amount and the composting period, the higher the composting temperature is, the more the composting frequency is, the longer the composting period is, and the larger the gas discharge amount such as CO 2、CH4、N2O、NH3 generated by the composting body is. However, the indexes such as composting temperature, composting frequency and composting period are the most critical technological parameters of composting material, and if the composting temperature is reduced, composting frequency is reduced or composting period is shortened only for controlling greenhouse gas emission in the composting process, the composting of the composting material is not facilitated, and the quality and quality of the organic fertilizer are further affected. Therefore, how to properly cooperate with the decomposition of the compost materials and the gas emission reduction of the compost room is of great significance to the improvement of the green development quality of agriculture in China, the realization of the strategy of carbon-to-carbon neutralization and the realization of the high-quality development of the whole agricultural industry chain.
The material decomposition in the composting process is the basic premise of aerobic fermentation, and only the decomposed composting products are applied to farmlands, so that the normal growth and development of crops are not affected, and the emission reduction of greenhouse gases is a new requirement for the development of composting technology. At present, more reports about greenhouse gas emission and control in composting process at home and abroad exist, and related research results prove that the greenhouse gas emission in composting process is mainly influenced by raw material types, composting modes, turnover frequency, water content, carbon-nitrogen ratio, auxiliary materials and the like, and technologies which are not favorable for reducing the greenhouse gas emission in composting process, such as: the addition of alkali lignin in the compost raw material of Chinese patent (application number 201811572026.8) obviously reduces the emission of ammonia gas and greenhouse gas (CO 2、CH4、N2 O); the Chinese patent (application number 201811527818.3) prepares a fertilizer additive from a mixture A consisting of ferrous sulfate and zeolite, and a mixture consisting of calcium superphosphate, bacillus subtilis WJC11 and bacillus cereus WJC2, and applies the fertilizer additive to livestock manure composting, so that greenhouse gas release in the composting process is reduced; the Chinese patent (application number 202011549963.9) adopts ferrous sulfate and vermiculite as additives to be applied to composting engineering, so that the synergistic emission reduction of ammonia gas and greenhouse gas in the composting process is obviously reduced; the Chinese patent (application number 202110810872.4) selects manganese ore to be added into organic waste for composting, which obviously reduces the emission of greenhouse gases (CH 4 and N2O) in the composting process and improves the humification degree of the compost; the Chinese patent (application No. 202110061775. X) mixes the compost raw material and the light silica to compost, so that the emission of greenhouse gases and odor of the compost is obviously reduced; the Chinese patent (application number 202210943841.0) mixes the sludge and pumice, inoculates microorganisms and forcedly ventilates, thus realizing the emission reduction of N2O gas; the addition of woody peat in the pig manure composting process of Chinese patent (application number 201610809864.7) effectively reduces the emission of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and methane; the Chinese patent (application number 202011604408.1) takes cow dung and crop straw as basic materials, highland barley straw biochar or wheat straw biochar is added as a conditioner, so that the emission of methane is reduced to a certain extent; the Chinese patent (application number 201610551190.5) adds a proper amount of filler straw and 5-10wt% of biochar into chicken manure to effectively reduce the generation of greenhouse gases, ammonia and other nitrogen gas emissions; the Chinese patent (application number 202210577587.7) adds the hydrothermal biochar prepared at 150-200 ℃ into the sludge compost and carries out modification by carrying iron oxide and ferric salt, so that the emission of greenhouse gases such as methane and the like in the composting process can be obviously reduced.
In summary, the reported greenhouse gas emission reduction technology in the composting process has the advantages that firstly, the additive materials for assisting in reducing the greenhouse gas emission are mainly chemical agents or mineral resources, and do not have the characteristics of wide sources, simple preparation and the like, and when the pretreatment of the auxiliary additive materials is complex, or the technical requirement is high, or the pretreatment cost is too high, the use enthusiasm of production operators can be influenced, so that the existing technical method is not generally used for the composting production practice of organic wastes in vast agricultural rural areas; secondly, the key problems of serious emission loss of carbon and nitrogen and other environment-unfriendly gases, low quality of compost products and the like in the composting process still exist, and carbon and nitrogen are released into the environment in a large amount in a gaseous form in the organic matter decomposition process, so that the quality of the compost is reduced, and the quality of the air environment is seriously influenced; thirdly, composting quality and environment-friendly gas emission reduction are necessary ways for the development of high-efficiency, high-quality and green low-carbonization of composting engineering, and many previous researches mainly focus on breakthrough of composting quality or environment-friendly gas emission reduction single technology, and the coupling attention of high-quality, high-efficiency, green and low-carbon technologies for the cooperative improvement of the composting quality and the environment-friendly gas emission reduction single technology is less, and corresponding composting technical parameters are not clear. Therefore, the research and development of a composting method for promoting the synergism of the decomposition and the emission reduction of greenhouse gases in the fertilizer process of agricultural organic wastes is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention discloses a composting method for promoting the decomposition of agricultural organic wastes and the emission reduction of greenhouse gases, which well solves the contradiction problem that the composting body contains carbon and nitrogen and the isothermal chamber gas is severely discharged because the composting method is required to increase the composting temperature, increase the composting frequency and prolong the composting period in order to ensure the full decomposition of organic materials in the traditional composting method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A composting method for promoting the decomposition of agricultural organic waste and the emission reduction of greenhouse gases to cooperate comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing and matching materials: fully and uniformly mixing rural organic waste serving as a composting raw material and biochar serving as a composting auxiliary material to obtain an initial composting body, wherein the biochar accounts for 10-20% (preferably 15%) of the mass of the initial composting body;
2) And (3) controlled aerobic fermentation: the initial composting body carries out aerobic fermentation, the temperature is controlled in the process, the composting process is properly turned over and ended in a proper period;
the biochar in the step 1) is prepared by carrying out high-temperature pyrolysis on waste fibers or lignified biomass at 650-750 ℃ for 10-15 hours under an anaerobic state, naturally cooling and sieving with a sieve of more than 40 meshes;
Wherein the control temperature in the step 2) is that the highest stacking temperature is less than or equal to 60 ℃, and the composting temperature in the whole stacking process is 10000-20000 ℃ for h (preferably 15000 ℃ for h);
The compost accumulated temperature is the sum of the difference value of the heap temperature and the microorganism mass propagation initial temperature of 15 ℃ in the whole composting process.
Furthermore, the composting method for promoting the decomposition of agricultural organic waste and reducing the emission of greenhouse gases,
The rural organic waste in the step 1) is one or more selected from livestock manure, straw, facility tail vegetable, edible fungus residues, river waterweed, blue algae, straw or green pruned branches in gardens.
Further, according to the composting method for promoting the decomposition of agricultural organic waste and reducing emission of greenhouse gases, the raw materials of the biochar in the step 1) are selected from one or more of straw, rice husk, branches or wood chips.
Further, according to the composting method for promoting the synergism of the decomposition of agricultural organic waste and the emission reduction of greenhouse gases, the adsorption capacity of biochar in the step 1) on methylene blue is not lower than 11.3mg/g, the adsorption capacity of biochar on iodine molecules is not lower than 216.5mg/g, the cation exchange capacity is not more than 15.0cmol/kg, the H/C is not more than 0.5, and the O/C is not more than 0.15..
Further, according to the composting method for promoting the decomposition of agricultural organic waste and reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, the initial compost in the step 1) has C/N of 20-30, water content of 55-60% and pH value of 6.5-7.5.
Furthermore, in the composting method for promoting the decomposition of agricultural organic waste and reducing emission of greenhouse gases, the proper turning in the step 2) is that the turning is carried out for 1 time every 10-15 days in the composting process; or when the pile temperature is more than or equal to 70 ℃, turning the pile for 1 time, and turning the pile for less than or equal to 3 times in the whole composting process.
Furthermore, in the composting method for promoting the coordination of the decomposition of the agricultural organic waste and the emission reduction of the greenhouse gas, the proper turning in the step 2) mainly depends on the duration time and the temperature of the compost, the duration time is 10-15 days as a main judgment basis, the temperature of the compost is a secondary judgment basis, and if the compost is at 60-70 ℃, the composting time is still used as a judgment basis.
Further, in the composting method for promoting the decomposition of agricultural organic waste and reducing emission of greenhouse gases, the control temperature in the step 2) comprises a heating stage, a high temperature stage and a cooling stage; the temperature of the greenhouse in the heating stage is controlled to be between ambient temperature and 50 ℃, the temperature in the high-temperature stage is controlled to be between 50 and 60 ℃, and the temperature in the cooling stage is controlled to be between 60 and ambient temperature.
Furthermore, according to the composting method for promoting the coordination of the decomposition of the agricultural organic waste and the emission reduction of the greenhouse gas, the evaluation standard for ending the composting after the decomposition is as follows:
core standard: the duration of the stacking temperature above 50 ℃ is more than or equal to 10 days, the germination index of seeds is more than or equal to 80 percent, and the auxiliary standard is as follows: the compost temperature is more than or equal to 10000 ℃ h, NH4 +-N/NO3 - -N is less than or equal to 0.16, T value is less than or equal to 0.7 and EC value is less than or equal to 4.0.
Furthermore, according to the composting method for promoting the coordination of the decomposition of the agricultural organic waste and the emission reduction of the greenhouse gas, the two core evaluation indexes and any auxiliary evaluation index meet the requirements, namely the composting process is ended. The total composting period is 25-30 days, preferably 27 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the innovation points that: the composting method for promoting the synergism of the composting and the greenhouse gas emission reduction of the agricultural organic waste in the composting process is mainly innovated in the inner aspect and the outer aspect of the composting engineering, firstly, exogenous auxiliary materials are added to cooperate with the composting and the greenhouse gas emission, organic waste widely and easily obtained in agricultural rural areas is used as raw materials, biochar is prepared through ultra-high temperature anaerobic conditions, the biochar has certain functional characteristics of adsorption and the like, is applied to the composting engineering, has the functions of improving the microbial activity and the growth and propagation efficiency, promoting the rapid temperature rise of the compost and keeping the corresponding high temperature, and simultaneously quickens the degradation and the decomposition of organic materials and the absorption of small molecular organic matters by porous characteristics, and blocks the generation of environment harmful gases which are easy to volatilize or emit, so that the greenhouse gas emission of the compost is reduced; secondly, the internal decomposition evaluation is carried out, blind experience operation is avoided, the composting process is ended in time, emission reduction of greenhouse gases is realized, and the method is mainly based on comprehensive composting temperature, effective accumulation temperature, seed germination index, NH 4 +-N/NO3 - -N, T value and EC value, takes harmless decomposition as basic premise, and realizes synergy of decomposition and emission reduction through internal regulation and control of process parameters such as composting temperature, turnover frequency, composting period and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention mainly has the following beneficial effects:
(1) Compared with the existing composting technology for reducing greenhouse gas emission, the invention does not need to add exogenous chemical input products, the biological carbon pretreatment process mainly utilizes the heat generated by the self-pyrolysis of biomass, saves the energy input in the pretreatment process, has simple and convenient operation process, mature technology, obvious corrosion promotion and emission reduction effects and high production rate, and the porous structure of the biological carbon provides a growth and propagation space and a high-temperature resistant protection field for microorganisms, thereby realizing that the corresponding degradation activity is still maintained without turning over and cooling; in addition, the auxiliary materials added by the invention are derived from agricultural rural waste, so that the purpose of treating waste with waste in the agricultural rural organic waste treatment process is realized.
(2) Compared with the conventional composting method, the composting period is shortened by 6-13 days, the turning frequency is reduced by 1-2 times, the carbon loss rate of the compost is reduced by 41.9%, the nitrogen loss rate is reduced by 36.2%, the comprehensive greenhouse effect is reduced by 24.3%, the nutrient content of the compost product is improved, the pollution risk of environment-friendly gas is reduced, the greenhouse effect is slowed down, the potential is increased, the input cost of manpower and material resources is saved, and the like.
In a word, compared with the traditional composting technology, the invention has the action characteristics of promoting harmless decomposition, shortening composting period, maintaining, reducing emission of environmental bad gas and the like, realizes the synergistic promotion of the decomposition of the organic waste composting process and the emission reduction of greenhouse gas, and has important practical significance for promoting the fertilizer utilization of the organic waste in agriculture and rural areas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an innovative idea diagram of an organic waste composting process;
FIG. 2 dynamic change in temperature of compost;
FIG. 3 NH4 +-N/NO3 - -N and T values of compost dynamically change;
FIG. 4 EC value and seed germination index of compost dynamically change;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the overall carbon mass fraction change characteristics and the carbon loss rate of the compost;
FIG. 6 composting process CH4 discharge rate and discharge accumulation amount are dynamically changed;
FIG. 7 CO2 emission rate and emission cumulative amount dynamic change during composting;
FIG. 8N 2O emission rate and emission cumulative amount dynamic change during composting;
FIG. 9 comprehensive greenhouse effect variation dynamics of composting process.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The technical route difference of the invention with the conventional composting process is shown in figure 1.
The measurement index and analysis method in the invention are as follows:
1) Composting temperature: 3 temperature measuring points are distributed at the upper, middle and lower positions of the composting reactor, the depth is 30-40 cm, the composting temperature is measured and recorded at 9:00-10:00 or 16:00-17:00 each day, and the air temperature is synchronously measured until the composting process is finished;
2) Composting and accumulating temperature: t (·h) =Σ (T i-T0) ×Δt, where T i is the stack temperature at i time, c; t 0 is the initial temperature (biological zero degree) and the temperature of the compost when the microorganisms are propagated in a large quantity; Δt is the duration of T i, h; 15 ℃ is taken as the biological zero degree of the composting reaction;
3) NH 4 +-N、NO3 - -N, TN and TC mass fraction: after composting, 2kg of mixed samples are taken from each compost body, uniformly mixed and divided into 3 parts, namely, one part is used for leaching treatment of the compost samples, one part is used for water content measurement and one part is used for air drying treatment in shade, namely, the 1 st, 3 rd, 6 th, 9 th, 12 th, 15 th, 18 th, 21 th, 24 th, 27 th, 30 th, 34 th, 37 th, 40 th and 43 th days. Leaching treatment, firstly, fresh samples and deionized water are mixed according to a ratio of 1: mixing in a weight ratio of 10, carrying out oscillation leaching at a speed of 150r/min for 30min, centrifuging at a speed of 4 000r/min -1 for 10min, collecting supernatant, measuring the mass fraction of NH 4 +-N、NO3 - -N by using a SKALA flow analyzer, measuring the mass fraction of TC and TN by using an Element analyzer on an air-dried sample, and measuring the mass fraction of ash by using a muffle furnace firing method at 550 ℃;
4) Seed germination index: gi= (germination rate of seeds treated with compost extract x root length)/(germination index of seeds of control x root length) ×100%;
5) Carbon loss rate: deducing a calculation formula of the carbon loss rate according to the fact that ash is not lost (absolute quantity is unchanged) in the composting and decomposing process, wherein C loss rate (％)＝(C0-H0/H43×C43)/N0 is multiplied by 100%; wherein C 0 is the mass fraction (based on dry basis) of all carbon before the start of composting; h 0 is the ash content fraction at day 0 of composting,%; c 43 is the mass fraction of all carbon when the compost is 43d,%; h 30 is the mass fraction of ash in composting 43d,%;
6) CH 4、CO2、N2 O emission rate and cumulative amount: the measurement was performed by using a static gas collection box-gas chromatography. After composting, gas samples are collected and measured 1,3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 34, 37, 40 and 43d until composting is finished. And (3) firstly installing a base of the gas sample collecting box at 9:00-11:00 for each sampling, then covering the gas sample collecting box, sealing with water, pumping 100mL by using a needle cylinder after covering the collecting box for 0, 5, 10 and 15min respectively, and transferring to a 100mL aluminum foil gas sample bag for analysis. The CH 4、CO2、N2 O concentration in the gas samples was determined using a gas chromatograph (agilent 7890B). The discharge rates [11] for the 3 gases were calculated as follows: f=ρ·v· (dc/dt) ·273·24·16/((273+T) ·m). Wherein F is the daily average discharge amount of gas, mg (kg.d) -1; ρ is the density of the gas in standard state (CH 4 is 0.717 kg.m -3、CO2 is 1.977 kg.m -3、N2 O is 1.978 kg.m -3); v is the volume of the sampling box, m 3; dc/dt is the concentration change rate of the gas in the tank; t is the temperature in the box body in the sampling process, and the temperature is lower than the temperature; 24 is the number of hours of 1 d; 16 is the section area ratio of the compost reactor to the collecting box; m is the dry matter mass of the compost mass and kg. CH 4、CO2、N2 O emissions cumulative [8]: multiplying the average value of the gas discharge rates of 2 adjacent times by the number of days of 2 adjacent times, namely the gas discharge accumulation amount of a certain time period, and then adding the gas discharge accumulation amounts of all the time periods in sequence;
7) Equivalent greenhouse gas emissions: with CO 2 as a reference gas, according to the heating potential of CH 4、N2 O relative to CO 2 on a 100 year scale: CO 2 is 1, CH 4 is 25, N 2 O is 298, converted to equivalent amounts of CO 2.
Example 1
A composting method for promoting sheep manure composting and reducing emission of greenhouse gases, comprising the following steps:
1) Uniformly mixing sheep manure and edible fungus residues according to a mass ratio of 9:1 to prepare a mixed compost body; and then respectively adding 650 ℃ pyrolyzed biochar (BC 650) into the prepared compost, wherein the addition amount of the biochar accounts for 15 percent of the mass of the mixed compost.
2) The static high-temperature aerobic fermentation method is adopted, the mixed compost is carried out in a compost simulation reactor, the mass of the mixed compost is about 600kg, the water content is 55% -60%, when the temperature of the compost is more than or equal to 70 ℃ or the compost is turned over for 1 time every 10d, the water content of the compost is not regulated in the composting process until the composting is finished.
During fermentation, the temperature of the compost, the decomposition index (NH 4 +-N、NO3 - -N, EC value, seed germination index) and the change dynamics of greenhouse gas (CH 4、CO2、N2 O) emission are monitored, and simultaneously, the treatment of adding non-pyrolytic biochar (CK) and adding 450 ℃ cracked biochar (BC 450) is used as a control. The whole experiment was repeated 3 times.
Results:
Table 1: temperature characteristics and compost accumulation temperature change of sheep manure composting process in various time periods
Table 2: different greenhouse gas emissions in the sheep manure composting process are equivalent to CO 2 equivalent and the ratio of the equivalent to CO 2 equivalent
The results of fig. 2 and table 1 show that the addition of biochar is beneficial to promoting rapid heating of sheep manure compost and reaching sanitary safety standards compared with control treatment;
The results of the figures 3, 4 and 5 show that the comprehensive NH 4 +-N/NO3 - -N, T value, EC value, seed germination index and the like all reach the standard requirements of the decomposition recommended value, the time period for adding the pyrolytic biochar at 650 ℃ to reach decomposition is 27d respectively, and the time period is shortened by 7d compared with the time period for adding the pyrolytic biochar at 450 ℃;
The results of table 2 and fig. 6, 7, 8 and 9 show that the addition of biochar significantly reduces the total emission equivalent of greenhouse gases of the sheep manure compost, the composting process is immediately finished when the total emission equivalent of the greenhouse gases is reached to the composting standard, and the total emission equivalent of the greenhouse gases of the biochar treated by adding 650 ℃ pyrolysis is reduced by 37.42% compared with the control treatment.
Example 2
We test that cow dung, pig dung and poultry dung are respectively and uniformly mixed with facility tail vegetable, edible fungus residues, river waterweed and blue algae according to a ratio of 9:1 to prepare a mixed compost body. Composting is carried out by the method of the example 1 under different combinations, and the time period for finally adding the pyrolytic biochar at 650 ℃ to reach the decomposition is greatly shortened compared with the time period for adding the biochar which is not pyrolyzed and carbonized or the pyrolytic biochar at 450 ℃; and the total emission equivalent of greenhouse gases of the biochar treatment added with 650 ℃ pyrolysis is obviously reduced compared with that of the control treatment.
Compared with the conventional composting method, the composting period is shortened by 6-13 days, the turning frequency is reduced by 1-2 times, the carbon loss rate of the compost is reduced by 41.9%, the nitrogen loss rate is reduced by 36.2%, the comprehensive greenhouse effect is reduced by 24.3%, the nutrient content of the compost product is improved, the pollution risk of environment-friendly gas is reduced, the greenhouse effect is slowed down, the potential is increased, the investment cost of manpower and material resources is saved, and the like.
The foregoing examples are of a limited number of preferred embodiments of the invention, which are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The composting method for promoting the decomposition of agricultural organic waste and the emission reduction of greenhouse gases to cooperate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Preparing and matching materials: fully and uniformly mixing rural organic waste serving as a composting raw material and biochar serving as a composting auxiliary material to obtain an initial composting body, wherein the biochar accounts for 10-20% of the mass of the initial composting body;
2) And (3) controlled aerobic fermentation: the initial composting body carries out aerobic fermentation, the temperature is controlled in the process, the composting process is properly turned over and ended in a proper period;
The biochar in the step 1) is prepared by carrying out pyrolysis on waste fibers or lignified biomass at a high temperature of 650-750 ℃ for 10-15 hours in an anaerobic state, naturally cooling and sieving with a sieve of more than 40 meshes;
the adsorption capacity of the biochar in the step 1) on methylene blue is not lower than 11.3mg/g, the adsorption capacity of the biochar on iodine molecules is not lower than 216.5mg/g, the cation exchange capacity is not more than 15.0 cmol/kg, the H/C is not more than 0.5, and the O/C is not more than 0.15;
The initial compost in the step 1) has C/N of 20-30, water content of 55-60% and pH value of 6.5-7.5;
wherein the control temperature in the step 2) is the highest stacking temperature which is less than or equal to 60 ℃, and the compost stacking temperature in the whole stacking process is 10000-20000 ℃ for h;
The compost accumulated temperature is the sum of the difference value of the heap temperature and the microorganism mass propagation initial temperature of 15 ℃ in the whole composting process;
the proper turning in the step 2) is turning 1 time every 10-15 days in the composting process; or when the composting temperature is more than or equal to 70 ℃, turning the compost for 1 time, wherein the turning frequency in the whole composting process is less than or equal to 3 times;
The control temperature in the step 2) comprises a heating stage, a high temperature stage and a cooling stage; the greenhouse in the heating stage is controlled to be at the temperature of between ambient and 50 ℃, the temperature in the high-temperature stage is controlled to be between 50 and 60 ℃, and the temperature in the cooling stage is controlled to be between 60 and ambient;
the evaluation standard of the compost after the decomposition is finished is as follows:
Core standard: the duration of the composting temperature above 50 ℃ is more than or equal to 10 days, the germination index of seeds is more than or equal to 80%, and the auxiliary standard is that the composting temperature is more than or equal to 10000 ℃ h, NH 4+-N/NO3- -N is less than or equal to 0.16, T value is less than or equal to 0.7 and E C value is less than or equal to 4.0;
The two core evaluation indexes and any auxiliary evaluation index meet the requirements, namely the composting process is finished, and the whole composting period is 25-30 days.
2. The composting method for promoting the decomposition of agricultural organic waste and the emission reduction of greenhouse gases together as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
The rural organic waste in the step 1) is one or more selected from livestock manure, straw, facility tail vegetable, edible fungus residues, river waterweed, blue algae, straw or green pruned branches in gardens.
3. The composting method for promoting the decomposition of agricultural organic waste and the emission reduction of greenhouse gases together as claimed in claim 1, wherein,
The raw materials of the biochar in the step 1) are selected from one or more of straw, rice husk, branches or wood dust.
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