CN115594533A - Additive for improving decomposition degree of cow dung compost and application thereof - Google Patents
Additive for improving decomposition degree of cow dung compost and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115594533A CN115594533A CN202211334339.6A CN202211334339A CN115594533A CN 115594533 A CN115594533 A CN 115594533A CN 202211334339 A CN202211334339 A CN 202211334339A CN 115594533 A CN115594533 A CN 115594533A
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- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
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- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- YLLIGHVCTUPGEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;ethanol;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+].CCO YLLIGHVCTUPGEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
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- 241000589614 Pseudomonas stutzeri Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000194107 Bacillus megaterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193417 Brevibacillus laterosporus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000674 Phytotoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 241000223260 Trichoderma harzianum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer compost, and particularly relates to an additive for improving the decomposition degree of cow dung compost and application thereof. The additive is a powdery solid, the raw materials comprise 40-45 parts by weight of biochar, 45-50 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate and 10-15 parts by weight of microbial agent, and the production method comprises the following steps: preparation of biochar-modification with KOH solution-mixing with microbial agents-mixing with calcium superphosphate. The application of the additive comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing cow dung with a carbon source substance to prepare a compost substrate; (2) Adding an additive into the compost substrate, and stirring the materials to fully mix the additive and the compost substrate; (3) Aerobic composting is carried out, and samples are taken periodically in the aerobic composting process to carry out the measurement of each index. The additive is applied to cow dung compost, so that the fermentation time can be effectively shortened, the decomposition degree can be improved, and the produced organic fertilizer with high decomposition degree, low environmental pollution, rich nutrition and stable property is produced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizer production, and particularly relates to an additive for improving the decomposition degree of cow dung compost and application thereof.
Background
With the development of livestock breeding industry, a large amount of produced livestock manure generates a large burden on the environment, and the harmless treatment of the livestock manure becomes a problem to be solved in the livestock breeding. The cow dung is the dung with rich nutrient content, and the aerobic composting of the cow dung is one of effective methods for the organic solid waste recycling treatment, and is a key technology for joining a planting and breeding circulation mode. However, the internal environment of cow dung in the early stage of fermentation is not suitable for culture and propagation of microorganisms required by fermentation, so that the survival rate of beneficial microorganisms in a compost substrate in the early stage of composting is low, the formation of beneficial bacterial colonies is slow, and further, the fermentation period is long and the degree of decay is low; meanwhile, cow dung often contains a large amount of heavy metals and other harmful substances, and the harmful substances are difficult to be subjected to harmless treatment by using a conventional composting method, so that the problem of application safety of the produced organic fertilizer is easily caused; in addition, the conventional method for composting the cow dung has the problems of release of a large amount of greenhouse gases, easy loss of nutrient components and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems of long fermentation period, difficult decomposition, harmful substances contained, greenhouse gas release and easy loss of nutrient components in aerobic composting by using cow dung, the invention provides the additive for improving the decomposition degree of the cow dung compost and the application thereof, the decomposition degree in the cow dung composting process can be effectively improved, the fermentation period is shortened, the release of the greenhouse gas is reduced, the loss of the nutrient substances is reduced, the produced organic fertilizer is non-toxic, and the use requirement is met.
In a first aspect, the invention provides an additive for improving the degree of decomposition of cow dung compost, which is a powdery solid, and the raw materials comprise 40-45 parts by weight of biochar, 45-50 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate and 10-15 parts by weight of a microbial agent, and the production method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing biochar;
(2) Modification with KOH: mixing the biochar in the step (1) with a KOH ethanol solution, heating and stirring, filtering and drying to prepare modified biochar, and increasing the number of hydroxyl groups in the biochar;
(3) Fully mixing the modified biochar in the step (2) with a microbial agent, and standing for 24-48h to obtain a mixture;
(4) And (4) adding calcium superphosphate into the mixture obtained in the step (3), and fully mixing to obtain the additive for improving the maturity of the cow dung compost.
Further, the biochar in the step (1) is corn straw biochar, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out anaerobic calcination on corn straws for 180-200min at 500-550 ℃ to obtain carbonized corn straws, and grinding the carbonized corn straws to obtain the biochar.
Further, in the step (2), the mass percentage concentration of the KOH ethanol solution is 8-10%, the heating temperature is 40-80 ℃, and the stirring time is 30-40min.
Further, the microbial agent in the step (3) is a compound microbial agent, and comprises part or all of bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus licheniformis, pseudomonas stutzeri, saccharomyces ellipsoidea and aspergillus oryzae.
The function of each component of the additive of the invention is as follows:
biochar: the biochar is a carbon-containing high polymer produced by taking plants as raw materials, is a porous material, is rich in pores, has a large specific surface area, has a strong adsorption effect on water, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium salt and heavy metal substances, can improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity, reduce heavy metal pollution in the organic fertilizer, increase air permeability and prevent hardening when used for composting of the organic fertilizer, can provide proper propagation conditions for microorganisms due to a porous structure, is favorable for the propagation of the microorganisms, and has the advantages of stable property and environmental affinity;
modified charcoal: and modifying the biochar by using a KOH solution, and increasing the number of hydroxyl groups in the biochar to prepare the modified biochar. The oxidation effect of the acidic oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the modified charcoal is enhanced, and the cation exchange effect with cations such as ammonium radicals and the like is enhanced, so that the adsorption and fixation effects on ammoniacal nitrogen are enhanced, and the loss of nitrogen in the composting process is effectively inhibited; potassium element can be introduced by using KOH solution, and the content of quick-acting potassium in the organic fertilizer can be increased after composting;
calcium superphosphate: the method has the advantages that the added calcium superphosphate can enhance the fertility of microorganisms and accelerate the fermentation speed in the organic fertilizer composting process taking excrement and urine as substrates, volatile ammonium carbonate in the excrement and urine can be converted into ammonium phosphate, the loss of nitrogen elements is prevented, the calcium superphosphate is a phosphate fertilizer, and the content of the phosphorus elements can be effectively improved by adding the calcium superphosphate into the organic fertilizer substrates;
and (3) microbial agent: the microbial agent provided by the invention is added during composting of the organic fertilizer, so that an initial bacterial colony environment can be provided for the composting process, power is provided for the fermentation process, the fermentation process is accelerated, the maturity is improved, the propagation of harmful bacteria can be inhibited, and the quality of the organic fertilizer is improved.
In a second aspect, the invention provides an application of an additive for improving the maturity of cow dung compost in the cow dung compost, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing cow dung with a carbon source substance to prepare a compost substrate;
(2) Adding an additive into the compost substrate, and stirring the materials to fully mix the additive and the compost substrate;
(3) Aerobic composting is carried out, and samples are taken periodically in the process of the aerobic composting to carry out the determination of various indexes.
Further, in the step (1), the carbon source substances comprise part or all of mushroom residues, rice hulls, tomato straws, sugar residues and a return material, wherein the sugar residues are byproducts of industrial sugar production, the return material is a material decomposed after composting, and the mixing ratio of the cow dung to the carbon source substances is (4).
Further, the dosage of the additive in the step (2) is 3-3.5% of the total mass of the compost substrate.
Further, in the step (3), the time of aerobic composting is 45 days, the pile is turned every 5 days in 30 days before composting, and the pile is turned every 7 days in 31-45 days.
Further, in the step (3), the temperature of the upper, middle and lower layers of the compost is measured 3 times each day, the average value is recorded, and samples are collected at 0d,10d,18d,26d,34d and 45d, the mass of each sample is 800-1000g, the average value is 2 parts, one part is stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ and used for fresh sample determination, the other part is naturally air-dried and crushed and then passes through a 60-mesh sieve for dry sample index determination, and the index of sample determination comprises the following steps: pH value, humus content, average germination rate and average germination index of seeds, organic matter content, element carbon content and ammonium nitrogen content.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, three components and the proportion thereof in the additive are determined, and the three components are mutually influenced on the basis of exerting the original effects, wherein the biochar has an adsorption and fixation effect on the calcium superphosphate and the microbial agent, so that the loss of phosphorus in the composting process is effectively prevented, a place and a condition which are favorable for rapid propagation are provided for the microorganisms in the microbial agent, the microorganisms in the early stage of composting are prevented from dying due to inadaptation to the internal environment of cow dung, and beneficial bacterial colonies can be formed in a shorter time; meanwhile, the calcium superphosphate can enhance the reproductive capacity of microorganisms in the microbial inoculum and further accelerate the fermentation speed. The additive of the invention can effectively shorten the fermentation period, improve the degree of decomposition, reduce the content of free harmful substances in the organic fertilizer, reduce the release of greenhouse gases, inhibit the loss of nutrient substances while improving the contents of quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium and the like, and produce the organic fertilizer with rich nutrition and no toxicity when being used in cow dung compost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions in the prior art of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the humic substance content during composting in examples 2-11.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
An additive for improving the degree of decomposition of cow dung compost is a powdery solid, and the raw materials comprise 40 parts by weight of biochar, 45 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate and 15 parts by weight of microbial agent, and the production method comprises the following steps:
(1) Carrying out anaerobic calcination on corn straws for 180min at 500 ℃ to obtain carbonized corn straws, and grinding the carbonized corn straws to obtain corn straw biochar;
(2) Mixing the corn straw biochar with 8% KOH ethanol solution by mass percentage, heating to 40 ℃, stirring, filtering after 30min, and drying to obtain modified biochar;
(4) Fully mixing the modified biochar with a microbial agent, and then standing for 24 hours to obtain a mixture;
(5) And adding calcium superphosphate into the mixture, and fully mixing to obtain the additive for improving the maturity of the cow dung compost.
The calcium superphosphate is a commercially available calcium superphosphate fertilizer, the microbial agent is a commercially available microbial agent (registered license number microbial fertilizer (2019) standard number (6905) of Zhongbei bioengineering limited company in Hubei, and the viable count is more than or equal to 20.0 hundred million/g), and the components comprise Brevibacillus laterosporus, bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, saccharomyces ellipsoidea, trichoderma harzianum and the like.
Examples 2-5 composting experiments were carried out using the ingredients shown in table 1, using the additive of example 1, comprising the following steps:
(1) Mixing cow dung with a carbon source substance to prepare a compost substrate;
(2) Adding an additive into the compost substrate, and stirring the materials to fully mix the additive and the compost substrate;
(3) Carrying out aerobic composting, wherein the time of the aerobic composting is 45 days, the composting is turned once every 5 days within 30 days before the composting, the composting is turned once every 7 days in 31-45 days, the temperatures of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer of the composting are measured 3 times at regular time every day, the average value is recorded, samples are collected at 0d,10 8d,26d,34d and 45d, the mass of each sample is 800-1000g, the average value is 2 parts, one part of the samples is stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ and is used for fresh sample measurement, the other part of the samples is naturally air-dried, crushed and is used for measurement of other indexes after passing through a 60-mesh sieve, and the indexes of the sample measurement comprise: pH value, humus content, average germination rate and average germination index of seeds, organic matter content, element carbon content and ammonium nitrogen content.
Examples 6-10 experiments were conducted using the ingredients shown in table 2, using as additives one or a combination of two of the same biochar, superphosphate, microbial inoculant materials as the additive raw materials of example 1, including the following steps:
(1) Mixing cow dung with a carbon source substance to prepare a compost substrate;
(2) Adding an additive into the compost substrate, and stirring the materials to fully mix the additive and the compost substrate;
(3) Carrying out aerobic composting, wherein the time of the aerobic composting is 45 days, the composting is turned once every 5 days within 30 days before the composting, the composting is turned once every 7 days in 31-45 days, the temperatures of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer of the composting are measured 3 times at regular time every day, the average value is recorded, samples are collected at 0d,10 8d,26d,34d and 45d, the mass of each sample is 800-1000g, the average value is 2 parts, one part of the samples is stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ and is used for fresh sample measurement, the other part of the samples is naturally air-dried, crushed and is used for measurement of other indexes after passing through a 60-mesh sieve, and the indexes of the sample measurement comprise: pH value, humus content, average germination rate and average germination index of seeds, organic matter content, element carbon content and ammonium nitrogen content.
Example 11 a composting experiment was carried out using the ingredients shown in table 3, without the addition of additives, comprising the following steps:
(1) Mixing cow dung with a carbon source substance to prepare a compost substrate;
(2) Carrying out aerobic composting for 45 days, turning the compost every 5 days within 30 days before composting, turning the compost every 7 days in 31-45 days, regularly measuring the temperature of the upper, middle and lower layers of the compost every day for 3 times, recording the average value, collecting samples at 0d,10 8d,26d,34d and 45d, collecting the samples with the mass of 800-1000g each time, and averagely dividing the samples into 2 parts, wherein one part is stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for fresh sample measurement, the other part is naturally air-dried, crushed and screened by a 60-mesh sieve for other index measurement, and the index of the sample measurement comprises: pH value, humus content, average germination rate and average germination index of seeds, organic matter content, element carbon content and ammonium nitrogen content.
TABLE 1 compost substrate and additive ingredients (mass, kg) of examples 2-5
TABLE 2 compost substrate and additive ingredients (Mass, kg) of examples 6-10
TABLE 3 compost substrate of example 11 (mass, kg)
The humic substance contents of the samples of examples 2 to 11 are shown in FIG. 1. It can be seen that the group to which the additive of example 1 was added during the compost fermentation using cow dung as a substrate had a significantly increased rate of humic substance content, a significantly increased maximum humic substance content, and a lower degree of humic substance content decrease after reaching the peak, compared to the group to which the additive of example 1 was added or to which only one or two components of the additive were added.
The results of the seed germination experiments after the completion of composting in examples 2 to 11 are shown in table 4, and it can be seen that the average germination percentage (GI) of the seeds in examples 6, 10 and 11 was less than 80%, the standard for judging the phytotoxicity of the compost (GI > 80%), and the germination percentage of the remaining groups was not less than 80%.
TABLE 4 Experimental examples 2 to 11 seed germination experimental results after composting
Therefore, the additive provided by the invention is added in the process of composting fermentation by taking cow dung as a substrate, so that the fermentation time can be effectively shortened, the humification degree can be improved, the loss of humus can be reduced, and the generation of harmful substances can be reduced.
Although the present invention has been described in detail in connection with the preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications or substitutions can be made on the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be within the scope of the present invention/any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present disclosure and the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The additive for improving the decomposition degree of the cow dung compost is characterized by being a powdery solid, and the raw materials of the additive comprise 40-45 parts by weight of biochar, 45-50 parts by weight of calcium superphosphate and 10-15 parts by weight of microbial agent, and the production method comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing biochar;
(2) Modification with KOH: mixing the biochar in the step (1) with a KOH ethanol solution, heating and stirring, filtering and drying to obtain modified biochar;
(3) Fully mixing the modified biochar in the step (2) with a microbial agent, and standing for 24-48h to obtain a mixture;
(4) And (4) adding calcium superphosphate into the mixture obtained in the step (3), and fully mixing to obtain the additive for improving the maturity of the cow dung compost.
2. The additive for improving the decomposition degree of the cow dung compost as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biochar in the step (1) is corn straw biochar, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out anaerobic calcination on corn straws at 500-550 ℃ for 180-200min to obtain carbonized corn straws, and grinding the carbonized corn straws to obtain the biochar.
3. The additive for improving the decomposition degree of the cow dung compost as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the mass percentage concentration of the KOH ethanol solution is 8-10%, the heating temperature is 40-80 ℃, and the stirring time is 30-40min.
4. The additive for improving the compost maturity of cow dung according to claim 1, wherein the microbial agent in the step (3) is a compound microbial agent, comprising part or all of bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus licheniformis, pseudomonas stutzeri, saccharomyces ellipsoidea and aspergillus oryzae.
5. Use of the additive of claim 1 in cow dung compost, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) Mixing cow dung with a carbon source substance to prepare a compost substrate;
(2) Adding an additive into the compost substrate, and stirring the materials to fully mix the additive and the compost substrate;
(3) Aerobic composting is carried out, and samples are taken periodically in the aerobic composting process to carry out the measurement of each index.
6. The application of claim 5, wherein the carbon source materials in the step (1) comprise part or all of mushroom dregs, rice husks, tomato straws, sugar residues and returning materials, the sugar residues are byproducts of industrial sugar production, the returning materials are composted and decomposed materials, and the mixing ratio of the cow dung to the carbon source materials is (4).
7. The use according to claim 5, wherein the amount of additive used in step (2) is between 3% and 3.5% of the total mass of the compost substrate.
8. The use according to claim 5, wherein in step (3), the period of aerobic composting is 45 days, and the pile is turned every 5 days and every 7 days within 30 days before composting, and the pile is turned every 31-45 days.
9. The use according to claim 5, wherein in step (3), the temperature of the upper, middle and lower layers of compost is measured periodically 3 times each day, the average value is recorded, and samples are collected at 0d,10 8d,26d,34d,45d, each time the sample is collected 800-1000g, the average is divided into 2 parts, one part is stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for fresh sample measurement, the other part is dried naturally and crushed and then passed through a 60-mesh sieve for dry sample index measurement, and the index of sample measurement comprises: pH value, humus content, average germination rate and average germination index of seeds, organic matter content, element carbon content and ammonium nitrogen content.
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