CN114561329B - Compound microbial inoculum for fermenting livestock and poultry manure and fermentation method thereof - Google Patents
Compound microbial inoculum for fermenting livestock and poultry manure and fermentation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a compound microbial inoculum for fermenting livestock and poultry manure and a fermentation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of microorganisms. The compound microbial inoculum provided by the invention can be used for quickly carrying out biological decomposition and fermentation on the raw materials in the fermentation pile, and converting the raw materials into organic fertilizers. By adopting the fermentation method provided by the invention, the loss of nutrients in the fertilizer can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, and particularly relates to a compound microbial inoculum for fermenting livestock and poultry manure and a fermentation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of livestock and poultry breeding, large-scale and intensive farms are increased year by year, the modernization process of livestock and poultry in China is promoted, but the discharge density of livestock and poultry manure is increased, and a large amount of manure seriously pollutes the air, soil, water quality and the like of the breeding environment. The livestock and poultry manure and various agricultural and forestry wastes contain more proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral substances and the like which are not digested and absorbed by animals, and the fertilizer is a very good fertilizer resource. The traditional livestock and poultry manure is treated in a mode commonly called farmyard manure or is subjected to modern biogas fermentation. However, the above two methods have obvious defects, for example, although the traditional method is simple and economical, the fermentation period is long, the fertilizer efficiency loss is large, the biogas fermentation is limited by equipment and facilities, and more importantly, the biogas fermentation is difficult to work efficiently in a long winter or northern China. Based on organic fertilizer fermentation, the organic fertilizer containing a large amount of micromolecular compounds which are easy to be absorbed and utilized by crops is produced after high-temperature fermentation is carried out after animal excrement and cellulosic forestry and agricultural residues are reasonably mixed by carbon and nitrogen by using microorganisms, so that the pollution caused by the livestock excrement can be reduced, and the livestock excrement can be recycled.
The key of the high-efficiency fermentation of the livestock and poultry manure is to obtain a high-temperature fermentation microbial inoculum capable of quickly raising the temperature and establish a fermentation process capable of avoiding the loss of fertilizer efficiency to the maximum extent. There are two common fermentation methods for livestock and poultry feces: aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation. The aerobic fermentation refers to a process of biological degradation of organic matters by microorganisms under aerobic conditions, such as bacillus, actinomycetes, trichoderma, aspergillus and the like, and the anaerobic fermentation refers to degradation of macromolecular compounds into small molecules, such as lactobacillus, saccharomyces and the like, by microorganisms through a glycolysis pathway under oxygen-free conditions. The different microorganisms have a growth-diminishing rule in the organic fertilizer fermentation process, firstly, aerobic microorganisms with high metabolic rate are rapidly proliferated to generate a large amount of biological heat so as to rapidly raise the temperature in a fermentation pile, and if a large amount of high-temperature-resistant microorganisms exist in the fermentation pile at this time, the degradation and conversion of substances in the fermentation pile are greatly accelerated, and in addition, how to ensure the loss of fertilizer-effect substances in the fermentation process is also the key for ensuring the fermentation of the high-fertilizer-effect organic fertilizer.
The traditional livestock and poultry manure composting fermentation has the problem of long fermentation time consumption, and is not beneficial to the large-scale production and industrialized operation of organic fertilizers.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a complex microbial inoculum for fermenting livestock and poultry manure and a fermentation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a compound microbial inoculum for fermenting livestock and poultry manure, which comprises Siamese bacillus, bacillus subtilis, streptomyces microflavus, bacillus thermophilus, streptomyces thermophilus, lactobacillus zeae, lactobacillus paracasei, lodestone longosporae, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger.
Preferably, the quantity ratio of the Siamese bacillus, the bacillus subtilis, the streptomyces microflavus, the thermophilic bacillus, the thermophilic streptomyces, the corn lactobacillus, the paracasei lactobacillus, the ladia virens, the aspergillus oryzae and the aspergillus niger is (4.5-5.5), (2-3) and (2-3) to (2-3).
The invention also provides a fermentation method of the livestock and poultry manure, which comprises the following steps: the compound microbial inoculum prepared by the technical scheme is mixed with livestock and poultry manure to obtain a fermentation pile, the fermentation pile is fermented in a closed environment after the water content of the fermentation pile is adjusted to be 45-55%, and air is introduced into the closed environment every 5-6 hours.
Preferably, the fermented heap is obtained after the livestock and poultry manure is mixed with auxiliary materials, and the mass ratio of the livestock and poultry manure to the auxiliary materials is 3-5.
Preferably, the auxiliary materials comprise one or more of crushed crop straws, leaves and weeds, melon vines, straws, pine shells, peanut shells, sawdust, rice hull powder and rice bran.
Preferably, the living bacteria amount of Siamese bacillus in each ton of fermentation reactor is 4.5-5.5 multiplied by 10 4 The viable bacteria amount of the bacillus subtilis is 4.5 to 5.5 multiplied by 10 4 The viable bacteria amount of the streptomyces microflavus is 4.5-5.5 multiplied by 10 4 The viable bacteria amount of thermophilic bacillus is 4.5-5.5X 10 4 The amount of the streptomyces thermophilus living bacteria is 4.5-5.5 multiplied by 10 4 The viable bacteria amount of the corn lactobacillus is 2 to 3 multiplied by 10 4 The living bacteria amount of the hundred million lactobacillus paracasei is 2 to 3 multiplied by 10 4 The living bacteria amount of the Lodrela longisporana is 2-3 multiplied by 10 4 The amount of the live bacteria of Aspergillus oryzae is 2-3 × 10 4 Hundred million, the living bacteria amount of Aspergillus niger is 2-3X 10 4 Billion.
Preferably, the width of the fermentation pile is 1.5-2 m, and the height of the fermentation pile is 0.5-0.7 m.
Preferably, during the fermentation process, when the temperature of the fermentation pile is between 55 and 60 ℃, the pile is turned for 1 time every 2 d; when the temperature of the fermentation pile is higher than 60 ℃, the pile is turned for 1 time every day.
Preferably, the indication of maturity of the fermentation pile comprises: the temperature of the reactor core of the fermentation reactor is 55-65 ℃, the materials of the fermentation reactor are loose, black brown, odorless and ammoniacal, and white hypha is arranged inside the fermentation reactor.
The invention provides a compound microbial inoculum for fermenting livestock and poultry manure, which comprises Siamese bacillus, bacillus subtilis, streptomyces microflavus, bacillus thermophilus, streptomyces thermophilus, lactobacillus zeae, lactobacillus paracasei, lodestone longosporae, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger. The invention adopts the reasonable compounding of multiple strains, can fully exert respective characteristics, decompose and utilize different substrates, convert the substrates into organic matters and ensure good fertilizer efficiency.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a compound microbial inoculum for fermenting livestock and poultry manure, which comprises Siamese bacillus, bacillus subtilis, streptomyces microflavus, bacillus thermophilus, streptomyces thermophilus, lactobacillus zeae, lactobacillus paracasei, lodestone longosporae, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger.
In the invention, the number ratio of the Siamese bacillus, the bacillus subtilis, the streptomyces microflavus, the thermophilic bacillus, the thermophilic streptomyces, the corn lactobacillus, the paracasei lactobacillus, the longsporular yeast, the aspergillus oryzae and the aspergillus niger is preferably (4.5-5.5), (2-3) and (2-3).
In the invention, the Siamese bacillus is preferably Siamese bacillus ACCC 60411; the Siamese bacillus is used for decomposing a substrate to quickly heat a fermentation heap; the bacillus subtilis is preferably bacillus subtilis ACCC 11025; the bacillus subtilis is used for decomposing a substrate to quickly heat a fermentation stack; the streptomyces microflavus is preferably streptomyces microflavus ACCC 41134; the streptomyces microflavus has the function of decomposing a substrate to quickly heat a fermentation pile; the thermophilic bacillus is preferably thermophilic bacillus CGMCC 1.3779; the thermophilic bacillus has the function of quickly decomposing and utilizing a substrate after warming; the streptomyces thermophilus is preferably streptomyces thermophilus CICC 21728; the streptomyces thermophilus has the function of quickly decomposing and utilizing a substrate after warming; the lactobacillus zeae is preferably lactobacillus zeae CGMCC 1.2442; the lactobacillus zeae is used for producing organic acid by fermenting a substrate; the lactobacillus paracasei is preferably lactobacillus paracasei CGMCC 1.9089; the lactobacillus paracasei has the function of producing organic acid by utilizing substrate fermentation; the lodoromyces elongatus is preferably lodoromyces elongatus ACCC 20322; the Lodcymenia elongata has the function of carrying out aerobic fermentation by utilizing a substrate; the Aspergillus oryzae is preferably Aspergillus oryzae ACCC 30472; the Aspergillus oryzae is used for decomposing fiber substances; the aspergillus niger is preferably aspergillus niger ACCC30134; the Aspergillus niger has the function of decomposing fiber substances.
The invention also provides a fermentation method of the livestock and poultry manure, which comprises the following steps: the compound microbial inoculum prepared by the technical scheme is mixed with livestock and poultry manure to obtain a fermentation pile, the fermentation pile is fermented in a closed environment after the water content of the fermentation pile is adjusted to be 45-55%, and air is introduced into the closed environment every 5-6 hours.
In the invention, the amount of viable Siamese bacillus in each ton of fermentation reactor is preferably 4.5-5.5 multiplied by 10 4 The viable bacteria amount of Bacillus subtilis is preferably 4.5-5.5 × 10 4 The living bacteria amount of Streptomyces microflavus is preferably 4.5-5.5X 10 4 The viable bacteria count of Bacillus thermophilus is preferably 4.5-5.5X 10 4 The living bacteria amount of Streptomyces thermophilus is preferably 4.5-5.5X 10 4 The living bacteria amount of the lactobacillus zeae is preferably 2-3 x 10 4 The living bacteria amount of the Lactobacillus paracasei is preferably 2 to 3X 10 4 The viable cell count of Lodoromyces longosporus is preferably 2 to 3X 10 4 Preferably, the viable cell count of Aspergillus oryzae is 2-3X 10 4 The living bacteria content of Aspergillus niger is preferably 2-3 × 10 4 Billion.
In the present invention, each strain is preferably cultured to obtain a seed solution, and then mixed with livestock and poultry manure. In the invention, the Siamese bacillus, the bacillus subtilis and the streptomyces microflavus are preferably subjected to conventional culture at 30 ℃ by using an LB (lysogeny broth) culture medium to obtain respective seed solutions, the bacterium content in the seed solutions is preferably more than 100 hundred million/mL, and 0.5L of each seed solution is added into each ton of livestock and poultry manure; the thermophilic bacillus is preferably subjected to conventional culture at 55 ℃ by using an LB culture medium to obtain a seed solution, the bacterium content in the seed solution is preferably more than 100 hundred million/mL, and 0.5L of the seed solution is added into each ton of livestock and poultry manure; the streptomyces thermophilus is preferably cultured by using a GYM culture medium at 37 ℃ in a conventional way to obtain seed liquid, the bacterium content in the seed liquid is preferably more than 100 hundred million/mL, and 0.5L of each seed liquid is added into each ton of livestock and poultry manure; the lactobacillus zeae and the lactobacillus paracasei are preferably subjected to conventional culture at 37 ℃ by using an MRS culture medium to obtain respective seed solutions, the bacterium content in each seed solution is preferably more than 50 hundred million/mL, and 0.5L of each seed solution is added to each ton of livestock and poultry manure; the Lodoromyces elongatus, aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger are preferably cultured conventionally at 28 ℃ by using a PDB culture medium to obtain respective seed solutions, the bacterium content in each seed solution is preferably more than 50 hundred million/mL, and 0.5L of each seed solution is added to each ton of livestock and poultry manure.
In the invention, the livestock manure is preferably mixed with auxiliary materials to obtain a fermentation heap, and the mass ratio of the livestock manure to the auxiliary materials is preferably 3-5. In the invention, the auxiliary materials preferably comprise one or more of crushed crop straws, leaf weeds, melon vines, straws, pine shells, peanut shells, sawdust, rice hull powder and unite bran, and when two or more of the auxiliary materials are selected, any mass ratio can be adopted.
In the present invention, the width of the fermentation pile is preferably 1.5 to 2m, and the height of the fermentation pile is preferably 0.5 to 0.7m. The invention has no special requirement on the length of the fermentation pile, but the volume of the fermentation pile is preferably not less than 4m 3 。
In the invention, preferably, in the fermentation process, when the temperature of the fermentation pile is between 55 and 60 ℃, the pile is turned for 1 time every 2 d; when the temperature of the fermentation pile is higher than 60 ℃, the pile is turned for 1 time every day. The temperature of the fermentation is controlled below 70 ℃, and nutrient loss is increased when the temperature is too high. The invention preferably uses an airtight film to cover the fermentation pile, creates a closed environment, and introduces air into the fermentation pile every 5 to 6 hours. The fermentation method adopts a semi-aerobic and semi-anaerobic fermentation mode to carry out fermentation, and can ensure CO volatilized in the fermentation process 2 、NH 3 And the gas components are dissolved in the fermentation system again, so that the nutrient loss is avoided, the fertilizer effect components are reserved, and the fertilizer effect components in the fermentation heap raw materials are reserved to the greatest extent.
In the present invention, the indication of maturity of the fermentation pile preferably comprises: the reactor core temperature of the fermentation reactor is 55-65 ℃, the materials of the fermentation reactor are loose, black brown, odorless and ammoniacal, and white hypha is arranged in the fermentation reactor. In the invention, the biological organic fertilizer is obtained after the fermentation heap is decomposed, and the biological organic fertilizer contains rich organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The strains, culture conditions and strain content of the complex microbial inoculum for livestock and poultry manure fermentation are shown in table 1.
Table 1 strains, culture conditions and strain contents of complex microbial inoculum
Example 2
The strains, culture conditions and strain contents of the complex microbial inoculum for livestock and poultry manure fermentation are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 strains, culture conditions and strain contents of the complex microbial inoculum
Example 3
The strains, culture conditions and strain contents of the complex microbial inoculum for livestock and poultry manure fermentation are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 strains, culture conditions and strain contents of the complex microbial inoculum
Example 4
The compound microbial inoculum in the embodiment 1 is used for fermenting the livestock and poultry manure, and the steps are as follows:
1. fermented material
(1) Main materials: livestock and poultry manure.
(2) Auxiliary materials: various crushed crop straws, leaves and weeds, melon vines, straws, pine shells, peanut shells, sawdust, rice hull powder and unite bran are mixed in any mass ratio.
2. The solid state fermentation method comprises the following steps:
(1) amount of strain used
Table 1 of example 1.
(2) Material proportioning
The main material and the auxiliary material are proportioned as follows: the main material and the auxiliary material =5, and the main material and the auxiliary material are fully and uniformly mixed with the strain.
(3) Humidity control
The water content is controlled at 45%.
(4) Temperature control
The temperature of the environment is above 5 ℃, and the materials are piled into a pile body with the width of 1.5m, the height of 0.6m and the length of 2 m.
When the temperature of the pile rises to 55 ℃, the pile is turned, and the pile is turned 1 time every 2 days, if the temperature of the pile exceeds 60 ℃, the pile is turned 1 time every day.
The temperature of the reactor is controlled below 70 ℃, and the nutrient loss is increased when the temperature is too high.
(5) Semi-aerobic and semi-anaerobic treatment to ensure fertilizer efficiency loss
After the temperature of the fermentation reactor is raised to 40 ℃, an airtight film is adopted for covering, the generated volatile substances are prevented from being emitted, and air is introduced into the fermentation reactor every 5 hours.
(6) Rotten mark
The reactor temperature is reduced, the materials are loose and black brown, the odor of the original materials is avoided, the materials have slight ammonia odor, and white hypha is generated in the reactor.
In the example, the fermented material can be thoroughly decomposed after 7 days, and the organic matter content of the decomposed organic fertilizer is 45%.
Example 5
The livestock and poultry manure is fermented by using the compound microbial inoculum in the embodiment 2, and the steps are as follows:
1. fermented material
(1) Main materials: livestock and poultry manure.
(2) Auxiliary materials: various crushed crop straws, leaves and weeds, melon vines, straws, pine shells, peanut shells, sawdust, rice hull powder and rice chaff are mixed in any mass ratio.
2. The solid state fermentation method comprises the following steps:
(1) amount of strain used
Table 2 of example 2.
(2) Material proportioning
The main material and the auxiliary material are proportioned as follows: the main material and the auxiliary material =3, and the main material and the auxiliary material are fully and uniformly mixed with the strain.
(3) Humidity control
The water content is controlled at 50%.
(4) Temperature control
The temperature of the environment is above 5 ℃, and the materials are piled into a pile body with the width of 2m, the height of 0.6m and the length of 2 m.
And (3) starting turning when the temperature of the pile rises to 60 ℃, and turning the pile 1 time every 2 days, if the temperature of the pile exceeds 60 ℃, turning the pile 1 time every day.
The temperature of the reactor is controlled below 70 ℃, and the nutrient loss is increased when the temperature is too high.
(5) Semi-aerobic and semi-anaerobic treatment to ensure fertilizer efficiency loss
After the temperature of the fermentation reactor is raised to 40 ℃, an airtight film is adopted for covering, the generated volatile substances are prevented from being emitted, and air is introduced into the fermentation reactor every 6 hours.
(6) Rotten mark
The reactor temperature is reduced, the materials are loose and black brown, the odor of the original materials is avoided, the materials have slight ammonia odor, and white hypha is generated in the reactor.
In the embodiment, the fermented material can be thoroughly decomposed after 10 days, and the organic matter content of the decomposed organic fertilizer is 40%. The fermentation time is longer than that of example 4, and the organic content is less.
Example 6
The livestock and poultry manure is fermented by using the compound microbial inoculum in the embodiment 3, and the steps are as follows:
1. fermented material
(1) Main materials: livestock and poultry manure.
(2) Auxiliary materials: various crushed crop straws, leaves and weeds, melon vines, straws, pine shells, peanut shells, sawdust, rice hull powder and rice chaff are mixed in any mass ratio.
2. The solid state fermentation method comprises the following steps:
(1) amount of strain used
Table 3 of example 3.
(2) Material proportioning
The main material and the auxiliary material are proportioned as follows: the main material and the auxiliary material =4, and the main material and the auxiliary material are fully and uniformly mixed with the strain.
(3) Humidity control
The water content was controlled at 55%.
(4) Temperature control
The temperature of the environment is above 5 ℃, and the materials are piled into a pile body with the width of 2m, the height of 0.6m and the length of 2 m.
And (3) starting turning when the temperature of the pile rises to 60 ℃, and turning the pile 1 time every 2 days, if the temperature of the pile exceeds 60 ℃, turning the pile 1 time every day.
The temperature of the reactor is controlled below 70 ℃, and the nutrient loss is increased when the temperature is too high.
(5) Semi-aerobic and semi-anaerobic treatment to ensure fertilizer efficiency loss
After the temperature of the fermentation reactor is raised to 40 ℃, the fermentation reactor is covered by an airtight film, so that the generated volatile substances are prevented from being emitted, and air is introduced into the fermentation reactor every 6 hours.
(6) Rotten mark
The reactor temperature is reduced, the materials are loose and black brown, the odor of the original materials is avoided, the materials have slight ammonia odor, and white hypha is generated in the reactor.
In this example, the fermented material was thoroughly decomposed after 7 days, and the organic matter content in the decomposed organic fertilizer was 35%, which resulted in a loss of fertilizer efficiency as compared with example 4.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A compound microbial inoculum for fermenting livestock and poultry manure is characterized by consisting of Siamese bacillus, bacillus subtilis, streptomyces microflavus, bacillus thermophilus, streptomyces thermophilus, lactobacillus zeae, lactobacillus paracasei, lodelbrussel, aspergillus oryzae and aspergillus niger;
the bacillus siamensis is Siamese bacillus ACCC60411, the bacillus subtilis is Bacillus subtilis ACCC11025, the Coptis tenuis is Coptis tenuis ACCC41134, the saturated bacillus thermophilus is saturated bacillus thermophilus CGMCC1.3779, the streptomyces thermophilus is Streptomyces thermophilus CICC21728, the lactobacillus zeae is Lactobacillus zeae CGMCC1.2442, the lactobacillus paracasei is Lactobacillus paracasei CGMCC1.9089, the Lobster longosporum is Lobster ACCC20322, the Aspergillus oryzae is Aspergillus oryzae ACCC30472, and the Aspergillus niger is Aspergillus niger ACCC30134;
per ton of fermentationThe amount of the active bacillus of Siamese bacillus in reactor is 4.5-5.5 multiplied by 10 4 The viable bacteria amount of the bacillus subtilis is 4.5 to 5.5 multiplied by 10 4 The viable bacteria amount of the streptomyces microflavus is 4.5-5.5 multiplied by 10 4 The viable bacteria amount of thermophilic bacillus is 4.5-5.5X 10 4 The amount of the streptomyces thermophilus living bacteria is 4.5-5.5 multiplied by 10 4 The viable bacteria amount of the corn lactobacillus is 2 to 3 multiplied by 10 4 The living bacteria amount of the hundred million lactobacillus paracasei is 2 to 3 multiplied by 10 4 The amount of viable bacteria of the lodoromyces longosporus is 2-3X 10 4 The amount of live Aspergillus oryzae is 2-3X 10 4 The amount of the Aspergillus niger viable bacteria is 2-3 × 10 4 Billion.
2. A fermentation method of livestock manure is characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing the compound microbial inoculum of claim 1 with livestock and poultry manure to obtain a fermentation pile, adjusting the water content of the fermentation pile to 45-55%, fermenting in a closed environment, and introducing air into the closed environment every 5-6 h.
3. The fermentation method according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the livestock manure to the auxiliary materials is 3-5.
4. The fermentation method according to claim 3, wherein the auxiliary materials comprise one or more of crushed crop straws, leaves and weeds, melon vines, pine shells, peanut shells, sawdust, rice hull powder and rice bran.
5. The fermentation process of claim 2, wherein the width of the fermentation pile is 1.5 to 2m and the height of the fermentation pile is 0.5 to 0.7m.
6. The fermentation method according to claim 2, wherein during the fermentation process, when the temperature of the fermentation pile is between 55 and 60 ℃, the pile is turned for 1 time every 2 d; when the temperature of the fermentation pile is higher than 60 ℃, the pile is turned for 1 time every day.
7. Fermentation process according to claim 2, characterized in that the composting of the fermentation pile
The mark comprises: the reactor core temperature of the fermentation reactor is 55-65 ℃, the materials of the fermentation reactor are loose and black brown,
has no odor and ammonia smell, and has white mycelium inside the fermentation pile.
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| CN103980010B (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2017-05-17 | 天津市农业资源与环境研究所 | Livestock and poultry manure decomposing inoculant, use method thereof and biological organic fertilizer prepared by using livestock and poultry manure decomposing inoculant |
| CN104909847A (en) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-09-16 | 范龙 | Method of converting livestock manures into microbial organic fertilizers |
| CN109182228B (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2022-08-05 | 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 | Compound microbial agent for composting organic fertilizer by livestock and poultry manure and straws at high temperature and preparation method thereof |
| CN114231463A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-03-25 | 常熟理工学院 | Preparation method of microbial agent and aerobic high-temperature composting of quail excrement |
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