CN115745707A - Organic fertilizer prepared from fruit and vegetable wastes and preparation method of organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer prepared from fruit and vegetable wastes and preparation method of organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 39
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- JGFBRKRYDCGYKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl(oxo)tin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](=O)CCCC JGFBRKRYDCGYKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- OCCWQCYBCZADCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylsulfonylacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CS(C)(=O)=O OCCWQCYBCZADCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000881860 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000223259 Trichoderma Species 0.000 claims description 7
- OAVQMQYYVRPIAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminomethyl diethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCN OAVQMQYYVRPIAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007633 bacillus mucilaginosus Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 compound amino acid Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 240000008067 Cucumis sativus Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
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- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Natural products CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000000147 Torreya grandis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000016410 Torreya grandis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002247 Aspergillus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010149 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000000536 Brassica rapa subsp pekinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000499436 Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006248 Broussonetia kazinoki Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009849 Cucumis sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000157072 Hylocereus undatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018481 Hylocereus undatus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000425037 Toona sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002781 deodorant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000003827 glycol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000009671 shengli Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the fruit and vegetable waste, the biomass fibers and the water-retaining adsorption filler to obtain a mixture; inoculating compound microorganisms into the mixture for fermentation, and turning over the fertilizer regularly; and after fermentation, granulating and drying to obtain the fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer. In the fermentation process, a water-retaining adsorption filler is matched, so that the water content of the fruit and vegetable wastes in the initial fermentation stage is reduced, the growth and propagation of compound microorganisms are promoted, the fermentation efficiency and the conversion effect of the fruit and vegetable wastes are improved, and in addition, malodorous gases generated by conversion can be absorbed to play a role in deodorization. The organic fertilizer obtained by the invention has high available nutrients and strong fertilizer efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The amount of the fruit and vegetable wastes left in agricultural production and processing is large, the water content and the sugar content are high, and if the fruit and vegetable wastes are not processed in time, the fruit and vegetable wastes are easy to rot and stink to pollute the surrounding environment. At present, the fruit and vegetable waste is difficult to treat as solid garbage and low in utilization rate. Among them, landfill and incineration disposal are economically inefficient and cause secondary pollution. The compost treatment can realize waste utilization, is an ideal method for treating the fruit and vegetable wastes, and has the defects of low conversion efficiency and difficult large-scale treatment. Chinese patent CN113501736A discloses a fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer which is prepared by normally mixing and stirring fruit and vegetable waste, compound amino acid, chinese toon, chinese torreya leaves, chinese torreya shells, rice hulls, paper mulberry leaves, aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus niger, trichoderma viride and animal manure and then fermenting.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the method for preparing the organic fertilizer by using the fruit and vegetable wastes as the main raw materials, so that the wastes are changed into valuable materials, the resource and harmless treatment of the waste biomass is realized, the fermentation effect is improved, and the beneficial economic value is generated while the problem of waste treatment is solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing the fruit and vegetable waste, the biomass fiber and the water-retaining adsorption filler to obtain a mixture; inoculating compound microorganism into the mixture for fermentation, and turning over the fertilizer regularly; and after fermentation, granulating and drying to obtain the fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the preparation method of the fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing 70-100 parts by weight of fruit and vegetable waste, 10-30 parts by weight of biomass fiber and 3-6 parts by weight of water retention adsorption filler to obtain a mixture; inoculating compound microorganism into the mixture for fermentation, and turning over the fertilizer once every 3-6 days; and after fermentation, granulating and drying to obtain the fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the compound microorganism is at least two of trichoderma, aspergillus niger and bacillus mucilaginosus.
Further, the composite microorganism is a mixture consisting of trichoderma, aspergillus niger and bacillus mucilaginosus according to a mass ratio of 1-2.
Preferably, the biomass fiber is at least one of rice hull and peanut shell.
Further, the biomass fiber is a mixture obtained by mixing and crushing rice hulls and peanut shells according to the mass ratio of 1-3.
The invention adopts composite microorganism combined fermentation to degrade macromolecular organic matters in the fruit and vegetable wastes into micromolecular nutrients which can be absorbed and utilized by crops, shortens the fermentation time of the fruit and vegetable wastes, inhibits the propagation of putrefying bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, and improves the quality of the organic fertilizer.
Because the fruit and vegetable waste has higher water content and is not beneficial to aerobic fermentation, the invention is matched with a water-retention adsorption filler in the fermentation process, and the water content of the fruit and vegetable waste in the initial fermentation stage is reduced. The water is gradually absorbed and utilized along with the fermentation process, and when the water content is reduced in the later fermentation period, the water absorbed in the water-retaining adsorption filler can be gradually evaporated to play a role in regulating the water content, so that the whole-process regulation is realized, the growth and the propagation of compound microorganisms are promoted, and the fermentation efficiency and the conversion effect of fruit and vegetable wastes are improved. In addition, the deodorant can also absorb malodorous gas generated by conversion, and has a certain deodorization effect. The biomass fibers can be used as one of the raw materials of the organic fertilizer, can improve the air permeability of the fruit and vegetable wastes, and is beneficial to aerobic fermentation.
Preferably, the preparation method of the water-retaining adsorption filler is as follows:
adding perlite into a nitric acid aqueous solution for heating and ultrasonic treatment to obtain pretreated perlite;
under the condition of nitrogen, adding polyethylene glycol into N, N-dimethylformamide, uniformly mixing, then adding diethyl aminomethyl phosphate, ethyl methylsulfonyl acetate and dibutyl tin oxide, and carrying out heating and stirring reaction to obtain modified polyethylene glycol;
and (3) uniformly mixing the pretreated perlite with water, and then adding the modified polyethylene glycol to carry out heating stirring reaction to obtain the water retention adsorption filler.
The water-retaining adsorption filler is prepared by adopting perlite as a main raw material, firstly, carrying out heating ultrasonic pretreatment on the perlite in a nitric acid aqueous solution, and then carrying out heating reaction on the perlite and modified polyethylene glycol; wherein the modified polyethylene glycol is prepared by modifying polyethylene glycol with aminomethyl diethyl phosphate, methylsulfonyl ethyl acetate and dibutyl tin oxide in an N, N-dimethylformamide system.
The pretreatment can increase a large number of fine pits on the surface of the perlite, increase the adsorption specific surface area, improve the surface activity, enlarge the internal structure space and improve the water retention and adsorption of the perlite; and then reacting with modified polyethylene glycol to ensure that the modified polyethylene glycol is combined on the surface of the void microstructure of the perlite through the action of hydrogen bonds and chemical bonds and is stably adsorbed through the steric hindrance effect. The modified polyethylene glycol structure contains abundant hydrophilic functional groups such as hydroxyl, sulfonic group, amino and the like, and can be combined with water to absorb a large amount of water, so that the water absorption of the perlite is further enhanced. Finally, the water-retaining adsorption filler can also chelate fertilizer effect nutrients in the organic fertilizer during application, so that the fertility is locked, the utilization rate of the organic fertilizer is improved, and the soil environment is improved.
Further, the preparation method of the water-retaining adsorption filler comprises the following steps:
adding perlite into 3-7wt% nitric acid aqueous solution according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1kg;
under the condition of nitrogen, 130-150 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol is added into 150-250 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylformamide and uniformly mixed, then 12-18 parts by weight of diethyl aminomethyl phosphate, 3-7 parts by weight of ethyl methylsulfonyl acetate and 0.1-0.3 part by weight of dibutyltin oxide are added, the mixture is stirred for 20-30 hours at 145-150 ℃ and 200-300rpm, and after the stirring is finished, the mixture is concentrated and dried to obtain modified polyethylene glycol;
and (2) uniformly mixing 20-40 parts by weight of the pretreated perlite with 100-130 parts by weight of water, adding 2-6 parts by weight of the modified polyethylene glycol, stirring at 70-75 ℃ and 200-300rpm for 2-4h, filtering and drying after the stirring is finished, thus obtaining the water-retaining adsorption filler.
Preferably, the power of the ultrasonic treatment is 200-300W, and the frequency of the ultrasonic treatment is 20-30kHz.
Preferably, the water content of the fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer is controlled to be about 5-8 wt%.
Preferably, the fermentation temperature is 27-33 ℃, and the fermentation time is 20-30 days.
Preferably, the inoculation amount of the compound microorganism is 0.5-0.8wt% of the mass of the mixture.
The invention also provides the fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer prepared by the method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer can improve the quality and yield of crops and improve the soil environment, has high available nutrients and strong fertilizer efficiency, and can supply nutrients required by the growth of the crops in time. According to the invention, by adopting composite microorganism combined fermentation, macromolecular organic matters in the fruit and vegetable wastes are degraded into micromolecular nutrients which can be absorbed and utilized by crops, the fermentation time of the fruit and vegetable wastes is shortened, and the propagation of putrefying bacteria and pathogenic bacteria is inhibited.
(2) The water-retaining adsorption filler added in the fermentation process of the fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer can realize whole-process regulation and control, reduce the water content of the fruit and vegetable waste at the initial fermentation stage, gradually evaporate the water absorbed in the water-retaining adsorption filler to play a role in regulating the water content when the water content is reduced at the later fermentation stage, promote the growth and the propagation of compound microorganisms and improve the fermentation efficiency and the effect of the fruit and vegetable waste.
Detailed Description
Some raw materials in the present application are introduced as follows:
in the embodiment, the waste of the fruits and the vegetables is fruit peel, rotten and deteriorated fruits and vegetable roots, stems, leaves and rotten and deteriorated vegetables. Wherein the fruit is selected from fructus Musae, pulp Citrulli, fructus Citri Tangerinae, fructus Citri Junoris, fructus Mali Pumilae, dragon fruit, and fructus Pyri; the vegetables include fructus Lycopersici Esculenti, herba Apii Graveolentis, radix Dauci Sativae, chinese cabbage, bean sprout, fructus Solani Melongenae, fructus Cucurbitae Moschatae, and caulis et folium Brassicae Capitatae. The water content of the fruit and vegetable waste is 68-70wt%, and the crushed grain size is 1-3cm. All the embodiments adopt the same batch of recycled fruit and vegetable wastes.
In the embodiment, the aspergillus niger is purchased from China agricultural microbial strain preservation management center, and the number is as follows: ACCC 32589.
In the examples, the trichoderma is purchased from China agricultural microbial strain preservation management center, and the number is as follows: ACCC32591.
In the examples, bacillus mucilaginosus is purchased from China agricultural microbial strain preservation management center, and the numbering is as follows: ACCC 19749.
In the examples, expanded perlite was used as perlite, which was purchased from Shengli agriculture GmbH, guangzhou, 30 mesh.
In the examples, polyethylene glycol was obtained from Nantong Yuyuan New Material science and technology Co., ltd, molecular weight: 800.
aminomethyl diethyl phosphate, CAS:117196-73-3.
Ethyl methanesulfonylacetate, CAS:4455-15-6.
Example 1
A preparation method of a fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing 70 parts by weight of fruit and vegetable waste, 10 parts by weight of biomass fiber and 3 parts by weight of water-retaining adsorption filler to obtain a mixture; inoculating compound microorganism into the mixture, fermenting at 27 deg.C for 30 days, with the inoculum size being 0.8wt% of the mixture, and turning over once every 6 days; and after fermentation, granulating and drying to obtain the fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer, wherein the water content is controlled to be about 8wt%.
The composite microorganism is a mixture consisting of trichoderma, aspergillus niger and bacillus mucilaginosus according to a mass ratio of 1.
The biomass fiber is a mixture obtained by mixing and crushing rice hulls and peanut shells according to the mass ratio of 1.
The preparation method of the water-retaining adsorption filler comprises the following steps:
adding perlite into 5wt% nitric acid aqueous solution according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1kg, 14L, uniformly mixing, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1.5h at the temperature of 58 ℃, wherein the ultrasonic power is 200W and the ultrasonic frequency is 25kHz, and filtering, washing and drying after finishing to obtain pretreated perlite;
under the condition of nitrogen, adding 135 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol into 200 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylformamide, uniformly mixing, then adding 16 parts by weight of diethyl aminomethylphosphate, 6 parts by weight of ethyl methylsulfonylacetate and 0.2 part by weight of dibutyltin oxide, stirring for 25 hours at 146 ℃ and 220rpm, and concentrating and drying after the stirring is finished to obtain modified polyethylene glycol;
and (3) uniformly mixing 30 parts by weight of the pretreated perlite with 120 parts by weight of water, then adding 4 parts by weight of the modified polyethylene glycol, stirring for 3 hours at 72 ℃ and 220rpm, and filtering and drying after the stirring to obtain the water-retaining adsorption filler.
Example 2
A preparation method of a fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing 100 parts by weight of fruit and vegetable waste, 30 parts by weight of biomass fiber and 6 parts by weight of water-retaining adsorption filler to obtain a mixture; inoculating compound microorganism into the mixture, fermenting at 33 deg.C for 20 days, with the inoculum size being 0.5wt% of the mixture, and turning over once every 3 days; and (4) after fermentation is finished, granulating and drying to obtain the fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer, wherein the water content is controlled to be about 5 wt%.
The composite microorganism is a mixture consisting of trichoderma, aspergillus niger and bacillus mucilaginosus according to a mass ratio of 2.
The biomass fiber is a mixture obtained by mixing and crushing rice hulls and peanut shells according to the mass ratio of 3.
The preparation method of the water-retaining adsorption filler is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Example 3
A preparation method of a fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing 80 parts by weight of fruit and vegetable waste, 20 parts by weight of biomass fiber and 5 parts by weight of water-retaining adsorption filler to obtain a mixture; inoculating compound microorganism into the mixture, fermenting at 31 deg.C for 25 days, with the inoculum size being 0.6wt% of the mixture, and turning over once every 5 days; and (4) after fermentation is finished, granulating and drying to obtain the fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer, wherein the water content is controlled to be about 7 wt%.
The composite microorganism is a mixture consisting of trichoderma, aspergillus niger and bacillus mucilaginosus according to a mass ratio of 2.
The biomass fiber is a mixture obtained by mixing and crushing rice hulls and peanut shells according to the mass ratio of 2.
The preparation method of the water-retaining adsorption filler is the same as that of the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1
Essentially the same as example 3, except that: the preparation methods of the water-retaining adsorption filler are different.
The preparation method of the water-retaining adsorption filler comprises the following steps:
under the condition of nitrogen, 135 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol is added into 200 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylformamide to be uniformly mixed, then 16 parts by weight of diethyl aminomethylphosphate, 6 parts by weight of ethyl methylsulfonyl acetate and 0.2 part by weight of dibutyltin oxide are added, stirring is carried out for 25 hours at the temperature of 146 ℃ and the speed of 220rpm, and after the stirring is finished, concentration and drying are carried out to obtain modified polyethylene glycol;
and (2) uniformly mixing 30 parts by weight of perlite and 120 parts by weight of water, then adding 4 parts by weight of the modified polyethylene glycol, stirring for 3 hours at 72 ℃ and 220rpm, and filtering and drying after the stirring to obtain the water-retaining adsorption filler.
Comparative example 2
Essentially the same as example 3, except that: the preparation methods of the water-retaining adsorption filler are different.
The preparation method of the water-retaining adsorption filler comprises the following steps:
adding perlite into 5wt% nitric acid aqueous solution according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1kg, 14L, uniformly mixing, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1.5h at the temperature of 58 ℃, wherein the ultrasonic power is 200W and the ultrasonic frequency is 25kHz, and filtering, washing and drying after finishing to obtain pretreated perlite;
and (3) uniformly mixing 30 parts by weight of the pretreated perlite with 120 parts by weight of water, then adding 4 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol, stirring for 3 hours at 72 ℃ and 220rpm, and filtering and drying after the stirring to obtain the water-retaining adsorption filler.
Comparative example 3
Essentially the same as example 3, except that: the preparation methods of the water-retaining adsorption filler are different.
The water-retaining adsorption filler is obtained by uniformly mixing 30 parts by weight of perlite and 4 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol.
Comparative example 4
Essentially the same as example 3, except that: no water-retaining adsorptive filler is added.
Comparative example 5
Essentially the same as example 3, except that: the preparation methods of the water-retaining adsorption filler are different.
The preparation method of the water-retaining adsorption filler comprises the following steps:
adding perlite into 5wt% nitric acid aqueous solution according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1kg, 14L, uniformly mixing, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1.5h at the temperature of 58 ℃, wherein the ultrasonic power is 200W and the ultrasonic frequency is 25kHz, and filtering, washing and drying after finishing to obtain pretreated perlite;
under the condition of nitrogen, 135 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol is added into 200 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylformamide to be uniformly mixed, then 22 parts by weight of diethyl aminomethylphosphate and 0.2 part by weight of dibutyltin oxide are added, the mixture is stirred for 25 hours at the temperature of 146 ℃ and the speed of 220rpm, and after the stirring, the mixture is concentrated and dried to obtain modified polyethylene glycol;
and (3) uniformly mixing 30 parts by weight of the pretreated perlite with 120 parts by weight of water, then adding 4 parts by weight of the modified polyethylene glycol, stirring for 3 hours at 72 ℃ and 220rpm, and filtering and drying after the stirring to obtain the water-retaining adsorption filler.
Comparative example 6
Essentially the same as example 3, except that: the preparation methods of the water-retaining adsorption filler are different.
The preparation method of the water-retaining adsorption filler comprises the following steps:
adding perlite into 5wt% nitric acid aqueous solution according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1kg, 14L, uniformly mixing, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1.5h at the temperature of 58 ℃, wherein the ultrasonic power is 200W and the ultrasonic frequency is 25kHz, and filtering, washing and drying after finishing to obtain pretreated perlite;
under the condition of nitrogen, 135 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol is added into 200 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylformamide to be uniformly mixed, then 22 parts by weight of ethyl methylsulfonylacetate and 0.2 part by weight of dibutyltin oxide are added, the mixture is stirred for 25 hours at the temperature of 146 ℃ and the speed of 220rpm, and after the stirring is finished, the mixture is concentrated and dried to obtain modified polyethylene glycol;
and (3) uniformly mixing 30 parts by weight of the pretreated perlite with 120 parts by weight of water, then adding 4 parts by weight of the modified polyethylene glycol, stirring for 3 hours at 72 ℃ and 220rpm, and filtering and drying after the stirring to obtain the water-retaining adsorption filler.
Test example 1
And (3) fertilizer efficiency testing: the application conditions of the fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiment are tested in the same greenhouse test field. The cucumber (Zhongnong No. 21) is selected as the test crop, the greenhouse test field is equally divided into 27 groups, and each 3 groups correspond to one embodiment or a comparative example to ensure that the fertilizing amount of each group is the same. Managing according to the conventional planting mode of cucumbers, and watering and fertilizing regularly. And picking and weighing at the same time, wherein the amount of each group of samples is 60, and calculating the average single fruit weight. And soil sampling and testing are carried out, and 5 soil samples are sampled in each group.
TABLE 1 Effect of organic fertilizers on crop yield and soil
| Weight of cucumber per fruit, g | Effective phosphorus content, mg.kg -1 | |
| Example 1 | 203.5 | 55.4 |
| Example 2 | 203.2 | 55.3 |
| Example 3 | 203.7 | 55.8 |
| Comparative example 1 | 199.0 | 53.1 |
| Comparative example 2 | 195.1 | 51.9 |
| Comparative example 3 | 193.3 | 50.2 |
| Comparative example 4 | 190.1 | 49.5 |
| Comparative example 5 | 202.0 | 55.0 |
| Comparative example 6 | 201.5 | 54.3 |
The results show that the fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer has high available nutrients and strong fertilizer efficiency, can supply the growth needs of crops in time, improves the quality and yield of the crops and improves the soil environment. Compared with comparative examples 1-6, the application effect of the fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer of examples 1-3 is better, after the fertilizer is applied, the effective phosphorus content in the fertilizer soil is higher than that of a control group, the weight of the single fruit of the cucumber is higher than that of the control group, and the relative fertilizer application effect of comparative example 4 is the worst, because the comparative example 4 does not contain water-retention adsorption filler, has no promotion effect on the growth of compound microorganisms, and has poor water-retention effect. The proportions or components of the water-retaining adsorptive filler in the other comparative examples were not prepared in accordance with the optimum conditions of the present invention, and thus the fertilizing effect was not as good as in the examples of the present invention.
The results fully show that the organic fertilizer prepared from the fruit and vegetable wastes by the method has good effects of improving the soil environment and improving the crop quality. The invention adopts the composite microorganism combination fermentation in the organic fertilizer fermentation process to degrade macromolecular organic matters in the fruit and vegetable wastes into micromolecular nutrients which can be absorbed and utilized by crops, thereby shortening the fermentation time of the fruit and vegetable wastes, inhibiting the propagation of putrefying bacteria and pathogenic bacteria and improving the quality of the organic fertilizer. In further examples 1-3, the self-made water-retaining adsorption filler is additionally added, and perlite is used as a main raw material, and is firstly subjected to heating ultrasonic pretreatment in a nitric acid aqueous solution and then subjected to heating reaction with modified polyethylene glycol to prepare the water-retaining adsorption filler; wherein the modified polyethylene glycol is prepared by modifying polyethylene glycol with diethyl aminomethyl phosphate, ethyl methylsulfonyl acetate and dibutyltin oxide in an N, N-dimethylformamide system. The water-retaining adsorption filler can reduce the water content of the fruit and vegetable waste at the initial fermentation stage, and the water is absorbed and utilized along with the fermentation process, so that the water absorbed by the water-retaining adsorption filler is gradually evaporated to play a role in regulating the water content when the water content is reduced at the later fermentation stage, the whole process regulation and control are realized, the growth and the propagation of compound microorganisms are promoted, and the fermentation efficiency and the effect of the fruit and vegetable waste are improved. The pretreatment can increase a large number of fine pits on the surface of the perlite, increase the adsorption specific surface area, improve the surface activity, enlarge the internal structure space and improve the water retention and adsorption of the perlite; and then reacting with modified polyethylene glycol, so that the modified polyethylene glycol is combined on the surface of a gap microstructure of the perlite through hydrogen bonds and chemical bonds and stably adsorbed through steric hindrance, and the modified polyethylene glycol contains abundant hydrophilic functional groups such as hydroxyl, sulfonic acid groups, amino groups and the like, can be combined with water to absorb a large amount of water, and further enhances the water absorption of the perlite. In addition, the water-retaining adsorption filler can also chelate fertilizer effect nutrients in the organic fertilizer, so that the fertility is locked, the utilization rate of the organic fertilizer is improved, and the soil environment is improved.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
uniformly mixing 70-100 parts by weight of fruit and vegetable waste, 10-30 parts by weight of biomass fiber and 3-6 parts by weight of water-retention adsorption filler to obtain a mixture; inoculating compound microorganism into the mixture for fermentation, and turning over the fertilizer regularly; granulating and drying after fermentation to obtain the fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer; the water-retaining adsorption filler is obtained by reacting pretreated perlite with modified polyethylene glycol.
2. The preparation method of the fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the water-retaining adsorption filler comprises the following steps:
adding perlite into a nitric acid aqueous solution for heating and ultrasonic treatment to obtain pretreated perlite;
under the condition of nitrogen, adding 130-150 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol into 150-250 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylformamide, uniformly mixing, then adding 12-18 parts by weight of diethyl aminomethyl phosphate, 3-7 parts by weight of ethyl methylsulfonyl acetate and 0.1-0.3 part by weight of dibutyltin oxide, and carrying out heating stirring reaction to obtain modified polyethylene glycol;
and (2) uniformly mixing 20-40 parts by weight of the pretreated perlite with 100-130 parts by weight of water, and then adding 2-6 parts by weight of the modified polyethylene glycol for heating and stirring reaction to obtain the water retention adsorption filler.
3. The preparation method of the fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the water-retaining adsorption filler comprises the following steps:
adding perlite into 3-7wt% nitric acid aqueous solution according to a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1kg;
under the condition of nitrogen, 130-150 parts by weight of polyethylene glycol is added into 150-250 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylformamide and uniformly mixed, then 12-18 parts by weight of diethyl aminomethyl phosphate, 3-7 parts by weight of ethyl methylsulfonyl acetate and 0.1-0.3 part by weight of dibutyltin oxide are added, the mixture is stirred for 20-30 hours at 145-150 ℃ and 200-300rpm, and after the stirring is finished, the mixture is concentrated and dried to obtain modified polyethylene glycol;
and (2) uniformly mixing 20-40 parts by weight of the pretreated perlite with 100-130 parts by weight of water, then adding 2-6 parts by weight of the modified polyethylene glycol, stirring for 2-4 hours at 70-75 ℃ under the condition of 200-300rpm, filtering and drying after the stirring is finished, and thus obtaining the water-retaining adsorption filler.
4. The preparation method of the fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biomass fiber is at least one of rice hulls and peanut shells.
5. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer from fruit and vegetable wastes according to claim 1, wherein the compound microorganism is at least two of trichoderma, aspergillus niger and bacillus mucilaginosus.
6. The preparation method of the fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inoculation amount of the compound microorganism is 0.5-0.8wt% of the mass of the mixture.
7. The preparation method of the fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation temperature is 27-33 ℃, and the fermentation time is 20-30 days.
8. The preparation method of the fruit and vegetable waste organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the condition of regular fertilizer turning is that the fertilizer is turned once every 3-6 days.
9. An organic fertilizer prepared from fruit and vegetable wastes, which is characterized by being prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| CN117049926A (en) * | 2023-08-16 | 2023-11-14 | 山东新阡陌农业发展有限公司 | Organic fertilizer based on fruit and vegetable waste and preparation method thereof |
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