CN112450014A - Comprehensive crayfish rice breeding and planting method - Google Patents
Comprehensive crayfish rice breeding and planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112450014A CN112450014A CN202011506845.XA CN202011506845A CN112450014A CN 112450014 A CN112450014 A CN 112450014A CN 202011506845 A CN202011506845 A CN 202011506845A CN 112450014 A CN112450014 A CN 112450014A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 330
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 330
- 241000238017 Astacoidea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 329
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 241001113556 Elodea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 38
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000498251 Hydrilla Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002431 foraging effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000238565 lobster Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003501 co-culture Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000219318 Amaranthus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000000178 Monochoria vaginalis Species 0.000 description 2
- JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N Chemical compound ON=O.ON=O.ON=O.N JVMRPSJZNHXORP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000238030 Procambarus clarkii Species 0.000 description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000250967 Branchia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000270322 Lepidosauria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000447 pesticide residue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive crayfish rice breeding and planting method, which comprises the following steps: (1) alternately arranging a rice planting area and a waterweed planting area in a rice field; (2) planting early rice and late rice in the rice planting area; (3) putting crayfish seedlings in the aquatic plant planting area 7-10 days before early rice planting and late rice planting, and feeding seedling feed; 12-15 days after the early rice planting and the late rice planting, openings are formed in the ridges, the crayfishes enter the rice planting areas through the openings to find food, and the crayfishes are fed into shrimp feed; fishing crayfishes 10-15 days before planting early rice and harvesting late rice, and harvesting rice; (4) spraying hydrogen peroxide into the rice planting area at the early tillering stage of early rice and late rice. The invention adopts a rice and shrimp co-culture mode, can improve the carbon and nitrogen contents of soil microorganisms, provides nutrient components for the growth of rice, has high total rice yield, large crayfish yield and high quality, and greatly improves the economic benefit of farmers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to an agricultural cultivation planting method, and particularly relates to a comprehensive cultivation planting method for crayfish rice.
Background
The rice and fishery comprehensive planting and breeding method is characterized in that aquatic economic animals are bred while rice is planted in a rice field, and under the condition that no chemical fertilizer or no pesticide or little chemical fertilizer or pesticide is applied, the interaction among organisms is utilized, so that weeds and pests can be effectively reduced, water pollution is reduced, soil fertility is increased, and the rice yield is improved or kept.
The rice belongs to the grass family, prefers high temperature, much humidity and short sunshine, has low requirement on soil, is best planted by rice soil, is widely distributed in China, and has a growing period of five stages, namely a tillering period, an elongation stage, a heading period, a flowering period and a mature period. The procambarus clarkii belongs to the order of decapod, suborder of reptile, the family of crayfish, the genus of procambarus clarkii, and is commonly called crayfish. The crayfish has a large head, is covered by tough chitin in vitro, is red in body color, and has wide distribution range and strong adaptability. The crayfish has delicious taste and rich nutrition, and contains all amino acids necessary for human body.
With the improvement of living standard of people and the requirement of living, entertainment and social contact, the crayfish is favored by people because of delicious taste and high nutritive value. For the pure planting of rice, the cost of pesticide, chemical fertilizer, machinery, labor and the like is high, and the price of the rice product is low, so that the yield per mu of the pure planting of rice is low, the income of farmers is not increased, and the grain safety guarantee is not facilitated. Therefore, the crayfish and the rice are combined, and the environment-friendly rice field comprehensive planting and breeding new mode which can be produced in the new situation of agricultural water environment treatment and fishery transformation water control promotion is provided, and is beneficial to ecology and good in economic benefit.
The invention patent with the application number of CN201710839911.7 discloses a comprehensive cultivation and planting method for crayfish rice, which comprises the following steps: an annular ditch is dug 2 meters away from the rice ridge, the width of the ditch is 2 meters, the depth of the ditch is 1.5 meters,applying farmyard manure 1-2kg/m in rice field2(ii) a The plastic film is used for surrounding the outer periphery of the rice ridge to completely surround the rice field, the height of the rice field is 1.5 m, a plurality of bamboo sticks are adopted for supporting, the interval between the bamboo sticks is 2-3 m, and the bamboo sticks incline towards the inner side of the rice ridge; storing water in rice field for sterilization, applying 8-10kg of quicklime in each mu of rice field, and applying the quicklime every 15-25 days; after rice field planting, feeding crayfish seedlings, wherein 20kg of crayfish seedlings are fed in each mu of rice field, and each crayfish seedling is 8-15 g; after the crayfish seedlings are thrown, farmyard manure is applied to the paddy field every 15-20 days; harvesting crayfish; draining off water from the rice field; and (5) harvesting the rice. Solves the problems of low rice yield and high pesticide residue existing in the existing rice planting. However, the yield of the crayfishes corresponding to the method is not high, and the corresponding rice yield per mu is not high when the rice is planted for one season in one year.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a comprehensive crayfish rice breeding and planting method with high rice yield and large crayfish yield.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a comprehensive crayfish rice breeding and planting method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, alternately arranging a rice planting area and a aquatic weed planting area in a rice field, wherein the rice planting area and the aquatic weed planting area are separated by a ridge;
planting early rice and late rice in a rice planting area, and planting water plants in a water plant planting area;
putting crayfish seedlings in the aquatic plant planting area 7-10 days before early rice planting and late rice planting, and feeding seedling feed for the crayfish at the stage; 12-15 days after the early rice planting and the late rice planting, forming at least two openings on each ridge, feeding the crayfishes into the rice planting area through the openings for foraging, and feeding the crayfishes into shrimp feed at the stage; catching the crayfishes in the rice planting area and the water plant planting area 10-15 days before the early rice planting and the late rice harvesting, sealing an opening on a ridge with soil of a rice field after the crayfishes are caught, discharging water stored in the rice planting area, and harvesting the rice;
and step four, spraying hydrogen peroxide into the rice planting area at the early tillering stage of the early rice and the late rice.
Further, the spraying concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 0.12-0.17 wt%, and the preferable concentration is 0.15-0.16 wt%. Hydrogen peroxide is sprayed into the rice planting area at the early tillering stage of early rice and late rice, so that the dissolved oxygen in the water body can be increased, the contents of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and the like in the water body can be reduced, the water body is favorable for maintaining a proper cultivation and planting environment for a long time, and the growth of the crayfishes is more suitable. Meanwhile, the addition of hydrogen peroxide can increase the yield of rice and has a certain promotion effect on the growth of crayfish.
Further, in the first step, the height difference between the bottom surface of the aquatic plant growing area and the bottom surface of the rice growing area is 0.6-0.8 m, the aquatic plant growing area is arranged in an inverted trapezoid shape, the upper opening of the aquatic plant growing area is 3-4 m wide, and the width of the bottom surface is 1/2-2/3 of the width of the upper opening; the area ratio of the rice planting area to the aquatic plant planting area is 1: (0.13-0.15). Wherein, the area of a paddy field is more than 6 mu, the paddy field is for leveling rectangle paddy field.
Further, in the second step, early rice is transplanted in the last 4 months, and harvested in the middle 7 months; transplanting late rice in the late 7 th ten days, and harvesting in the middle 11 th month; harvesting the rice in 11 months, draining the stored water in the rice planting area, and performing cultivation after insolation.
Further, 1200-1400 kg of decomposed cattle manure, 150-200 kg of decomposed duck manure, 100-150 kg of decomposed chicken manure, 30-50 kg of plant ash and 5-7 kg of quicklime are applied to each mu of rice planting area during cultivation.
Further, in the second step, the waterweed growing area is mixed with and planted with the waterweed and hydrilla verticillata.
Further, in the third step, in 17-20 days after the rice is planted, 300-450 kg of decomposed cattle manure and 200-300 kg of decomposed chicken manure are applied to each mu of rice planting area.
Further, in the third step, the number of the crayfish fries relative to the whole paddy field is 3500-4000 tails/mu, and the specification of the crayfish fries is 180-195 tails/kg.
Further, in the third step, quicklime is used for sterilizing the aquatic plant growing area 15-18 days before the lobster seedlings are put in, and the usage amount of the quicklime is 70-100 kg/mu. Can be used for killing parasite and pathogenic bacteria, and making body surface and branchia cavity of juvenile shrimp absorb sufficient water.
Further, escape-proof facilities are arranged around the paddy field.
In the scheme of the invention, a rice planting area and a waterweed planting area are staggered to provide a distinguishing place for subsequent rice planting and lobster breeding, wherein a feeding mode with good putting time of the lobsters is a key factor influencing integrated planting and breeding. According to the lobster breeding method, the lobster seedlings are put in 7-10 days before the early rice planting and the late rice planting, so that the lobsters are beneficial to being adapted to the freshwater environment firstly, the damage to the lobster seedlings in the subsequent rice planting process can be avoided, the survival rate of the lobsters is improved, meanwhile, the staged feeding mode is adopted, the reasonable layout can be completely carried out according to the eating and meat conditions of the lobsters, meanwhile, due to the existence of external factors such as the shelling of the lobsters, the mutual killing can be prevented by adopting the staged feeding mode, and the growth of the lobsters is further promoted. And secondly, a passage for lobsters to enter the rice is opened in a time period of 12-15 days after the early rice planting and the late rice planting, and the tombstone, the monochoria vaginalis, the amaranthus amabilis and the like in the rice planting area can be used as natural feed for the crayfishes, so that the control effect on weeds in the rice planting area is good, meanwhile, edible plankton, benthonic animals, pests and the like of the crayfishes can help the rice to eliminate enemies, the incidence of disease of the rice is reduced, and the synergistic effect of promoting the joint growth is generated.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1. when the comprehensive cultivation and planting of the crayfish rice is carried out, hydrogen peroxide is sprayed into the rice planting area at the early tillering stage of early rice and late rice, so that the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide in the rice planting area and the aquatic plant planting area is 0.12-0.17 per mill, and through the operation, the dissolved oxygen in the water body is increased, the content of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and the like in the water body can be reduced, the proper cultivation and planting environment of the water body can be maintained for a long time, and the crayfish rice is more suitable for growth. Meanwhile, the addition of hydrogen peroxide can increase the yield of rice and has a certain promotion effect on the growth of crayfish.
2. The crayfish rice is adopted for comprehensive breeding and planting, the tombstone, the monochoria vaginalis, the amaranthus and the like in the rice planting area can be used as natural feed of the crayfish, so that the crayfish rice has a good control effect on weeds in the rice planting area, and meanwhile, edible plankton, benthos, pests and the like of the crayfish can help the rice to eliminate the enemy and reduce the incidence of disease of the rice.
3. The rice and shrimp joint cropping mode can enhance the activity of soil enzyme, improve the carbon and nitrogen contents of soil microorganisms and provide nutrient components for the growth of rice. And the rice planting uses farmyard manure mostly, and is green and environment-friendly.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
A crayfish rice comprehensive breeding and planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) the rice planting areas and the water plant planting areas are arranged in the rice field in a staggered mode, and anti-escape facilities are arranged around the rice field. The rice planting area and the aquatic plant planting area are separated by a ridge; waterweeds are planted in the waterweed planting area, and specifically, waterweed and hydrilla verticillata are planted in a mixed manner; the height difference between the bottom surface of the aquatic plant growing area and the bottom surface of the rice growing area is 0.8m, the aquatic plant growing area is arranged in an inverted trapezoid shape, the upper opening of the aquatic plant growing area is 4m in width, and the width of the bottom surface is 2/3 of the width of the upper opening. The areas of the rice planting area and the aquatic plant planting area are 1: 0.14.
(2) planting early rice and late rice in a rice planting area, transplanting the early rice in the late 4 th month, harvesting in the middle 7 th month, transplanting the late rice in the late 7 th month, and harvesting in the middle 11 th month; harvesting the rice in 11 months, draining the stored water in the rice planting area, and performing ploughing after insolation; 1300kg of decomposed cattle manure, 200kg of decomposed duck manure, 100kg of decomposed chicken manure, 40kg of plant ash and 7kg of quick lime are applied to each mu of a rice planting area during cultivation;
(3) respectively putting a first batch of crayfish seedlings and a second batch of crayfish seedlings in a water plant planting area 10 days before planting early rice and late rice, wherein the number of the first batch of crayfish seedlings put into the water plant planting area relative to the whole paddy field is 4000 tails/mu, and the specification is 188 tails/kg; the number of the second batch of crayfish seedlings put into the water plant planting area is 4000 per mu relative to the whole paddy field, and the specification is 183 per kilogram; at this stage, feeding crayfish with fry feed. Disinfecting the aquatic weed planting area with quicklime 18 days before the seedlings are put, wherein the using amount is 80 kg/mu; and (3) forming three openings on each ridge 15 days after the early rice planting and the late rice planting, feeding the crayfishes into the rice planting area through the openings for foraging, and feeding the crayfishes into shrimp feed at the stage. 420kg of decomposed cow dung and 280kg of decomposed chicken dung in each mu of rice planting area 20 days after the rice is planted; catching crayfish in the rice planting area and the aquatic plant planting area 13 days before the early rice planting and the late rice harvesting; after the crayfishes are caught, the openings on the ridges are sealed with the soil of the rice field, the water stored in the rice planting area is discharged, and then the rice is harvested.
(4) Spraying hydrogen peroxide into the rice planting area at the early tillering stage of early rice and late rice to ensure that H in the rice planting area and the aquatic plant planting area2O2The concentration of (A) is 0.15 wt%.
Example 2:
a crayfish rice comprehensive breeding and planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) the rice planting areas and the water plant planting areas are arranged in the rice field in a staggered mode, and anti-escape facilities are arranged around the rice field. The rice planting area and the aquatic plant planting area are separated by a ridge; waterweeds are planted in the waterweed planting area, and specifically, waterweed and hydrilla verticillata are planted in a mixed manner; the height difference between the bottom surface of the aquatic plant growing area and the bottom surface of the rice growing area is 0.8m, the aquatic plant growing area is arranged in an inverted trapezoid shape, the upper opening of the aquatic plant growing area is 3m in width, and the width of the bottom surface is 1/2 of the width of the upper opening. The areas of the rice planting area and the aquatic plant planting area are 1: 0.15.
(2) planting early rice and late rice in a rice planting area, transplanting the early rice in the late 4 th month, harvesting in the middle 7 th month, transplanting the late rice in the late 7 th month, and harvesting in the middle 11 th month; harvesting the rice in 11 months, draining the stored water in the rice planting area, and performing ploughing after insolation; in the farming process, 1250kg of decomposed cattle manure, 150kg of decomposed duck manure, 150kg of decomposed chicken manure, 50kg of plant ash and 7kg of quick lime are applied to each mu of rice planting area;
(3) respectively putting a first batch of crayfish seedlings and a second batch of crayfish seedlings in a water plant planting area 10 days before planting early rice and late rice, wherein the number of the first batch of crayfish seedlings put into the water plant planting area relative to the whole paddy field is 4000 tails/mu, and the specification is 193 tails/kg; the number of the second batch of crayfish seedlings put into the water plant growing area is 4000 per mu relative to the whole paddy field, and the specification is 186 per kilogram; at this stage, feeding crayfish with fry feed. Disinfecting the aquatic weed planting area with quicklime 17 days before seedling placing, wherein the using amount is 90 kg/mu; and (3) forming three openings on each ridge 12 days after the early rice planting and the late rice planting, feeding the crayfishes into the rice planting areas through the openings for foraging, and feeding the crayfishes into shrimp feed at the stage. 20 days after the rice is planted, 300kg of decomposed cattle manure and 300kg of decomposed chicken manure per mu in a rice planting area; catching crayfish in the rice planting area and the aquatic plant planting area 14 days before the early rice planting and the late rice harvesting; after the crayfishes are caught, the openings on the ridges are sealed with the soil of the rice field, the water stored in the rice planting area is discharged, and then the rice is harvested.
(4) Spraying hydrogen peroxide into the rice planting area at the early tillering stage of early rice and late rice to ensure that H in the rice planting area and the aquatic plant planting area2O2The concentration of (A) is 0.16wt per mill.
Example 3:
a crayfish rice comprehensive breeding and planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) the rice planting areas and the water plant planting areas are arranged in the rice field in a staggered mode, and anti-escape facilities are arranged around the rice field. The rice planting area and the aquatic plant planting area are separated by a ridge; waterweeds are planted in the waterweed planting area, and specifically, waterweed and hydrilla verticillata are planted in a mixed manner; the height difference between the bottom surface of the aquatic plant growing area and the bottom surface of the rice growing area is 0.7m, the aquatic plant growing area is arranged in an inverted trapezoid shape, the upper opening of the aquatic plant growing area is 3.5m in width, and the width of the bottom surface is 1/2 of the width of the upper opening. The areas of the rice planting area and the aquatic plant planting area are 1: 0.13.
(2) planting early rice and late rice in a rice planting area, transplanting the early rice in the late 4 th month, harvesting in the middle 7 th month, transplanting the late rice in the late 7 th month, and harvesting in the middle 11 th month; harvesting the rice in 11 months, draining the stored water in the rice planting area, and performing ploughing after insolation; 1400kg of decomposed cattle manure, 180kg of decomposed duck manure, 100kg of decomposed chicken manure, 30kg of plant ash and 6kg of quick lime are applied to each mu of a rice planting area in the process of farming.
(3) 10 days before the early rice planting and the late rice planting, respectively putting a first batch of crayfish seedlings and a second batch of crayfish seedlings in a water plant planting area, wherein the number of the first batch of crayfish seedlings put into the water plant planting area relative to the whole paddy field is 4000 tails/mu, and the specification is 191 tails/kg; the number of the second batch of crayfish seedlings put into the water plant planting area is 4000 per mu relative to the whole paddy field, and the specification is 183 per kilogram; at this stage, feeding crayfish with fry feed. Disinfecting the aquatic weed planting area with quicklime 18 days before the seedlings are put, wherein the using amount is 100 kg/mu; and (3) forming three openings on each ridge 15 days after the early rice planting and the late rice planting, feeding the crayfishes into the rice planting area through the openings for foraging, and feeding the crayfishes into shrimp feed at the stage. 20 days after the rice is planted, 300kg of decomposed cattle manure and 300kg of decomposed chicken manure per mu in a rice planting area; catching crayfish in the rice planting area and the aquatic plant planting area 15 days before the early rice planting and the late rice harvesting; after the crayfishes are caught, the openings on the ridges are sealed with the soil of the rice field, the water stored in the rice planting area is discharged, and then the rice is harvested.
(4) Spraying hydrogen peroxide into the rice planting area at the early tillering stage of early rice and late rice to ensure that H in the rice planting area and the aquatic plant planting area2O2The concentration of (A) is 0.12 per mill.
Example 4:
a crayfish rice comprehensive breeding and planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) the rice planting areas and the water plant planting areas are arranged in the rice field in a staggered mode, and anti-escape facilities are arranged around the rice field. The rice planting area and the aquatic plant planting area are separated by a ridge; waterweeds are planted in the waterweed planting area, and specifically, waterweed and hydrilla verticillata are planted in a mixed manner; the height difference between the bottom surface of the aquatic plant growing area and the bottom surface of the rice growing area is 0.6m, the aquatic plant growing area is arranged in an inverted trapezoid shape, the upper opening of the aquatic plant growing area is 4m in width, and the width of the bottom surface is 1/2 of the width of the upper opening. The areas of the rice planting area and the aquatic plant planting area are 1: 0.15.
(2) planting early rice and late rice in a rice planting area, transplanting the early rice in the late 4 th month, harvesting in the middle 7 th month, transplanting the late rice in the late 7 th month, and harvesting in the middle 11 th month; harvesting the rice in 11 months, draining the stored water in the rice planting area, and performing ploughing after insolation; 1200kg of decomposed cattle manure, 200kg of decomposed duck manure, 130kg of decomposed chicken manure, 50kg of plant ash and 5kg of quick lime are applied to each mu of a rice planting area in the process of farming.
(3) Respectively putting a first batch of crayfish seedlings and a second batch of crayfish seedlings in the aquatic plant planting area 7 days before the early rice planting and the late rice planting, wherein the number of the first batch of crayfish seedlings put into the aquatic plant planting area relative to the whole paddy field is 3500 tails/mu, and the specification is 180 tails/kg; the number of the second batch of crayfish seedlings thrown into the aquatic plant planting area relative to the whole paddy field is 3500 tails/mu, and the specification is 188 tails/kg; at this stage, feeding crayfish with fry feed. Disinfecting the aquatic weed planting area with quicklime 15 days before seedling placing, wherein the using amount is 70 kg/mu; and (3) forming three openings on each ridge 12 days after the early rice planting and the late rice planting, feeding the crayfishes into the rice planting areas through the openings for foraging, and feeding the crayfishes into shrimp feed at the stage. 450kg of decomposed cow dung and 220kg of decomposed chicken dung in each mu of rice planting area 17 days after the rice planting; catching crayfish in the rice planting area and the aquatic plant planting area 15 days before the early rice planting and the late rice harvesting; after the crayfishes are caught, the openings on the ridges are sealed with the soil of the rice field, the water stored in the rice planting area is discharged, and then the rice is harvested.
(4) Spraying hydrogen peroxide into the rice planting area at the early tillering stage of early rice and late rice to ensure that H in the rice planting area and the aquatic plant planting area2O2The concentration of (A) is 0.14 wt%.
Example 5:
a crayfish rice comprehensive breeding and planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) the rice planting areas and the water plant planting areas are arranged in the rice field in a staggered mode, and anti-escape facilities are arranged around the rice field. The rice planting area and the aquatic plant planting area are separated by a ridge; waterweeds are planted in the waterweed planting area, and specifically, waterweed and hydrilla verticillata are planted in a mixed manner; the height difference between the bottom surface of the aquatic plant growing area and the bottom surface of the rice growing area is 0.8m, the aquatic plant growing area is arranged in an inverted trapezoid shape, the upper opening of the aquatic plant growing area is 3m in width, and the width of the bottom surface is 2/3 of the width of the upper opening. The areas of the rice planting area and the aquatic plant planting area are 1: 0.14.
(2) planting early rice and late rice in a rice planting area, transplanting the early rice in the late 4 th month, harvesting in the middle 7 th month, transplanting the late rice in the late 7 th month, and harvesting in the middle 11 th month; harvesting the rice in 11 months, draining the stored water in the rice planting area, and performing ploughing after insolation; 1300kg of decomposed cattle manure, 150kg of decomposed duck manure, 150kg of decomposed chicken manure, 40kg of plant ash and 7kg of quick lime are applied to each mu of a rice planting area in the process of farming.
(3) Respectively putting a first batch of crayfish seedlings and a second batch of crayfish seedlings in the aquatic plant planting area 8 days before planting early rice and late rice, wherein the number of the first batch of crayfish seedlings put into the aquatic plant planting area relative to the whole paddy field is 3500 tails/mu, and the specification is 191 tails/kg; the number of the second batch of crayfish seedlings put into the aquatic plant planting area is 3500 tails/mu relative to the whole paddy field, and the specification is 195 tails/kg; at this stage, feeding crayfish with fry feed. Sterilizing the waterweed planting area by using quicklime 16 days before seedling placing, wherein the using amount is 80 kg/mu; and (3) forming two openings on each ridge 12 days after the early rice planting and the late rice planting, feeding the crayfishes into the rice planting areas through the openings for foraging, and feeding the crayfishes into shrimp feed at the stage. 400kg of decomposed cow dung and 200kg of decomposed chicken manure in each mu of rice planting area 20 days after the rice planting; catching crayfish in the rice planting area and the aquatic plant planting area 13 days before the early rice planting and the late rice harvesting; after the crayfishes are caught, the openings on the ridges are sealed with the soil of the rice field, the water stored in the rice planting area is discharged, and then the rice is harvested.
(4) Spraying hydrogen peroxide into the rice planting area at the early tillering stage of early rice and late rice to ensure that H in the rice planting area and the aquatic plant planting area2O2The concentration of (A) is 0.15 wt%.
Comparative example 1:
a crayfish rice comprehensive breeding and planting method comprises the steps (1), (2) and (3) in the embodiment 5, but does not comprise the step (4).
Cultivation and planting tests:
a flat rectangular paddy field with good ecological environment and no pollution source is selected, and the area of the paddy field is about 11.5 mu. The crayfish rice is cultivated and cultivated in a comprehensive manner according to the methods of examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1. The two excellent plants planted in early rice 819 and the two excellent plants planted in late rice 98.
And counting the yield of the early rice and the late rice in one year and the yield of two batches of crayfishes, wherein the yield of the early rice and the late rice is the yield relative to the rice planting area, and the yield of the crayfishes is the yield relative to the rice field. Specific results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, by using the crayfish rice comprehensive breeding and planting method in embodiments 1 to 5 of the present invention, the acre yield of rice and the acre yield of crayfish can reach higher output values, the product quality is good, and the economic benefit of farmers can be effectively increased. As can be seen from example 5 and comparative example 1, spraying hydrogen peroxide into the rice growing area at the early tillering stage of early rice and late rice has a great effect on increasing the yield of rice and the yield and quality of crayfish.
Claims (10)
1. A crayfish rice comprehensive breeding and planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, alternately arranging a rice planting area and a aquatic weed planting area in a rice field, wherein the rice planting area and the aquatic weed planting area are separated by a ridge;
planting early rice and late rice in a rice planting area, and planting water plants in a water plant planting area;
putting crayfish seedlings in the aquatic plant planting area 7-10 days before early rice planting and late rice planting, and feeding seedling feed for the crayfish at the stage; 12-15 days after the early rice planting and the late rice planting, forming at least two openings on each ridge, feeding the crayfishes into the rice planting area through the openings for foraging, and feeding the crayfishes into shrimp feed at the stage; catching the crayfishes in the rice planting area and the water plant planting area 10-15 days before the early rice planting and the late rice harvesting, sealing an opening on a ridge with soil of a rice field after the crayfishes are caught, discharging water stored in the rice planting area, and harvesting the rice;
and step four, spraying hydrogen peroxide into the rice planting area at the early tillering stage of the early rice and the late rice.
2. The crayfish rice comprehensive breeding and planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fourth step, the spraying concentration of the hydrogen peroxide is 0.12-0.17 wt%.
3. The crayfish rice comprehensive breeding and planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the height difference between the bottom surface of the aquatic plant growing area and the bottom surface of the rice growing area is 0.6-0.8 m, the aquatic plant growing area is arranged in an inverted trapezoid shape, the upper opening of the aquatic plant growing area is 3-4 m wide, and the width of the bottom surface is 1/2-2/3 of the width of the upper opening; the area ratio of the rice planting area to the aquatic plant planting area is 1: (0.13-0.15).
4. The crayfish rice comprehensive breeding and planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, early rice is transplanted in the last 4 th month, and harvested in the middle 7 th month; transplanting late rice in the late 7 th ten days, and harvesting in the middle 11 th month; harvesting the rice in 11 months, draining the stored water in the rice planting area, and performing cultivation after insolation.
5. The crayfish rice comprehensive breeding and planting method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: 1200-1400 kg of decomposed cattle manure, 150-200 kg of decomposed duck manure, 100-150 kg of decomposed chicken manure, 30-50 kg of plant ash and 5-7 kg of quicklime are applied to each mu of rice planting area during cultivation.
6. The crayfish rice comprehensive breeding and planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the waterweed planting area is mixed with and planted with the waterweed and the hydrilla verticillata.
7. The crayfish rice comprehensive breeding and planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, 300-450 kg of decomposed cow dung and 200-300 kg of decomposed chicken dung are applied to each mu of rice planting area 17-20 days after the rice is planted.
8. The crayfish rice comprehensive breeding and planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, the number of the crayfish fries relative to the whole paddy field is 3500-4000 tails/mu, and the specification of the crayfish fries is 180-195 tails/kg.
9. The crayfish rice comprehensive breeding and planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the third step, sterilizing the aquatic plant growing area by using quicklime 15-18 days before putting the lobster seedlings, wherein the consumption of the quicklime is 70-100 kg/mu.
10. The crayfish rice comprehensive breeding and planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: escape-proof facilities are arranged around the paddy field.
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