CN108651389B - Method for breeding earthworms by using waste fungus bags - Google Patents
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- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
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- 244000248021 Vitex negundo Species 0.000 claims description 15
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/0332—Earthworms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/90—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for insects, e.g. bees or silkworms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for breeding earthworms by using waste fungus bags, and belongs to the field of animal breeding. The method for breeding the earthworms by using the waste fungus bags comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a culture substrate; 2) paving an earthworm-based bed; 3) inoculating earthworms; 4) daily management; 5) and (6) harvesting earthworms. The breeding method has the advantages of simple process steps, abundant raw materials, low price, easy obtainment, convenient management, large earthworm individuals, bright color, high nutritional value and better economic value.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the field of animal breeding, in particular to a method for breeding earthworms by using waste fungus bags.
[ background of the invention ]
The waste mushroom bag is waste produced in edible mushroom production and mainly consists of edible mushroom dregs, corn dregs, cottonseed hull, wheat bran and other organic plant dregs. If it is directly discarded, it is harmful to the environment and if it can be utilized, or it may be economically profitable.
The earthworms are common land-based animals living in soil and living in the daytime and at night, and take livestock and poultry excrement and organic waste garbage as food, and the food is swallowed together with soil and also ingests fragments of plants such as stems and leaves. The earthworms can loosen soil, improve the fertility and promote the agricultural yield increase. There are about 2500 kinds of earthworms in the world, 229 kinds of earthworms are recorded in China, the distribution is wide, the types are many, and more than 2000 kinds of earthworms are recorded in China. The Lumbricus has effects of dredging meridian passage, promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis, and preventing and treating cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease, and can be used as various domestic fowls, domestic animals, fishery aquatic products, aquatic pet food, animal live food bait, and feed additive phagostimulant. The dry earthworms can be used as high-grade initial feed for various fishes and aquatic products; fresh earthworms are high-protein live baits; the frozen earthworm is a high-benefit medicine bait. The earthworm is taken by various livestock and poultry animals frequently, so that the quality of meat, eggs and milk can be improved, the dosage can be reduced, the drug residue can be reduced, and the death rate can be reduced. The earthworms are fed in fish farms, aquatic farms and the like, so that the seedlings are strong, strong and bright in color. The Lumbricus can also be used as Chinese medicine, and has effects of promoting urination, relieving pain, relieving asthma, lowering blood pressure, relieving fever, and relieving convulsion. Earthworm contains earthworm extract, earthworm thermolysin, vitamin B complex, etc. and can be used for extracting biological medicines such as protease, lumbrokinase, earthworm fibrinolytic enzyme, etc.
The existing earthworm scale breeding mode in the market is not intensive, industrialized or household, so that the survival rate and the growth rate of earthworms are influenced, meanwhile, in some mountainous areas, the land is few and more, hard land is not suitable for earthworm breeding, and the earthworm breeding industry in the mountainous areas is necessarily restricted.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to: aiming at the problems, the method for breeding the earthworms by using the waste fungi bags is provided, the waste is recycled, the environment is protected, and the obtained earthworms have high yield, high quality, no toxicity or harm and convenient management.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for breeding earthworms by using waste fungus bags comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a culture substrate: mixing the waste fungus bags, the cow dung, the straws and the EM bacterial liquid in proportion, fermenting and decomposing, adding the vitex negundo leaf extracting solution after decomposing, and mixing uniformly to obtain an earthworm breeding matrix;
2) paving an earthworm-based bed: the prepared earthworm cultivation substrate is laid in a cultivation pond or a cultivation box, the laying height is 30-50 cm, water is added for adjusting the humidity, and the water content is kept at 60-70%;
3) earthworm inoculation: selecting healthy and active earthworms with good variety, and inoculating the earthworms on a foundation bed in an amount of 2-3 kg per cubic meter;
4) daily management: the indoor temperature is controlled to be 15-32 ℃ in weekdays, the humidity is controlled to be 70% -75%, and the seeds can grow, develop and propagate better at the moment; sufficient fresh air is needed in the whole process of earthworm cultivation, padding is turned over for 1 time in 10-15 days of cultivation, the padding on the upper layer and the padding on the lower layer are turned over, and the positions of the padding are changed;
5) harvesting earthworms: scraping wormcast layer by layer under the illumination, driving the earthworms to drill to the lower layer of the cultivation bed, collecting the earthworms on the lower layer of the cultivation bed, placing the earthworms on a large basket with the aperture of 3-5 mm, placing a collecting container below the basket, and automatically drilling the earthworms into a container under a sieve under the illumination to obtain the earthworms.
Further, the preparation method of the culture substrate in the step 1) comprises the following steps: mixing 60-80 parts by weight of waste fungus bags, 30-50 parts by weight of cow dung, 20-30 parts by weight of straws and 1-3 parts by weight of EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria liquid in proportion, fermenting and decomposing, adding 0.5-1 part by weight of vitex negundo leaf extracting solution after decomposing, and mixing uniformly to obtain the earthworm breeding substrate.
Further, the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 50-60 ℃, and the fermentation time is 10-15 days.
Further, in the step 1), the straw is selected from one or more of corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw and soybean straw.
Further, in the step 1), the vitex negundo leaf extract is prepared according to the following method: crushing the leaves of the vitex negundo, adding 30-50% ethanol by volume fraction at 70-80 ℃, extracting, filtering, recovering ethanol from filtrate, and concentrating until the relative density is 1.10-1.12 at 60 ℃ to obtain an extract of the leaves of the vitex negundo.
Preferably, the vitex negundo leaf extract is prepared according to the following method: crushing folium Viticis negundo, adding 35% ethanol by volume fraction, extracting at 70-80 deg.C for 2 hr, filtering, recovering ethanol from filtrate, and concentrating to relative density of 1.11 at 60 deg.C to obtain folium Viticis negundo extract.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the unique earthworm breeding substrate is adopted, so that the waste is recycled, the environment is protected, the contained nutrient components are rich, the ventilation performance is good, the contents of harmful microorganisms, pathogens, infectious sources of mixed bacteria, harmful residual substances and the like are low, the earthworm growth environment is improved, the morbidity and the mortality are reduced, and the growth speed and the yield are increased. In addition, the problem that earthworms are difficult to breed in partial areas is solved, so that the earthworm breeding is standardized and standardized, and the development of the earthworm breeding industry is promoted.
(2) The reasonable daily management mode promotes the growth of the earthworms, and the wormcast removed in the period can be used for feeding livestock and aquatic animals or applying fertilizers to plants, so that the earthworm management method has better byproduct value.
(3) In conclusion, the breeding method has the advantages of simple process steps, abundant raw materials, low price, easy obtainment and convenient management, overcomes the environmental limitation of regions unsuitable for breeding the earthworms, promotes the development of the earthworm breeding industry, and produces the earthworms with large individuals, bright colors, high nutritional value and better economic value.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
Example 1
A method for breeding earthworms by using waste fungus bags comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a culture substrate: mixing 70 parts by weight of waste fungus bags, 40 parts by weight of cow dung, 25 parts by weight of corn stalks and 2 parts by weight of EM (effective microorganism) bacteria liquid in proportion, fermenting and decomposing, controlling the fermentation temperature at 50-60 ℃, fermenting for 12 days, adding 0.8 part by weight of Vitex negundo leaf extracting solution after decomposing, and uniformly mixing to obtain an earthworm culture substrate; the vitex negundo leaf extracting solution is prepared by the following method: crushing folium Viticis negundo, adding 35% ethanol by volume fraction, extracting at 70-80 deg.C for 2 hr, filtering, recovering ethanol from filtrate, and concentrating to relative density of 1.11 at 60 deg.C to obtain folium Viticis negundo extract;
2) paving an earthworm-based bed: the prepared earthworm cultivation substrate is laid in a cultivation pond or a cultivation box, the laying height is 30-50 cm, water is added for adjusting the humidity, and the water content is kept at 60-70%;
3) earthworm inoculation: selecting healthy and active earthworms with good variety, and inoculating the earthworms on a foundation bed according to the amount of 2kg per cubic meter;
4) daily management: the indoor temperature is controlled to be 15-32 ℃ in weekdays, the humidity is controlled to be 70% -75%, and the seeds can grow, develop and propagate better at the moment; sufficient fresh air is needed in the whole process of earthworm cultivation, padding is turned over for 1 time in 12 days of cultivation, the padding on the upper layer and the padding on the lower layer are turned over, and the positions are changed;
5) harvesting earthworms: scraping wormcast layer by layer under the illumination, driving the earthworms to drill to the lower layer of the cultivation bed, collecting the earthworms on the lower layer of the cultivation bed, placing the earthworms on a large basket with the aperture of 3-5 mm, placing a collecting container below the basket, and automatically drilling the earthworms into a container under a sieve under the illumination to obtain the earthworms.
Example 2
A method for breeding earthworms by using waste fungus bags comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a culture substrate: mixing 60 parts by weight of waste fungus bags, 30 parts by weight of cow dung, 20 parts by weight of wheat straws and 1 part by weight of EM (effective microorganism) bacteria liquid in proportion, fermenting and decomposing, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 50-60 ℃, fermenting for 10 days, adding 0.5 part by weight of Vitex negundo leaf extracting solution after decomposing, and uniformly mixing to obtain an earthworm culture substrate; the vitex negundo leaf extracting solution is prepared by the following method: crushing folium Viticis negundo, adding 30% ethanol by volume fraction, extracting at 70-80 deg.C, filtering, recovering ethanol from filtrate, and concentrating to relative density of 1.10 at 60 deg.C to obtain folium Viticis negundo extract;
2) paving an earthworm-based bed: the prepared earthworm cultivation substrate is laid in a cultivation pond or a cultivation box, the laying height is 30-50 cm, water is added for adjusting the humidity, and the water content is kept at 60-70%;
3) earthworm inoculation: selecting healthy and active earthworms with good variety, and inoculating the earthworms on a foundation bed according to the amount of 2kg per cubic meter;
4) daily management: the indoor temperature is controlled to be 15-32 ℃ in weekdays, the humidity is controlled to be 70% -75%, and the seeds can grow, develop and propagate better at the moment; sufficient fresh air is needed in the whole process of earthworm cultivation, padding is turned over for 1 time in 10 days of cultivation, the padding on the upper layer and the padding on the lower layer are turned over, and the positions are changed;
5) harvesting earthworms: scraping wormcast layer by layer under the illumination, driving the earthworms to drill to the lower layer of the cultivation bed, collecting the earthworms on the lower layer of the cultivation bed, placing the earthworms on a large basket with the aperture of 3-5 mm, placing a collecting container below the basket, and automatically drilling the earthworms into a container under a sieve under the illumination to obtain the earthworms.
Example 3
A method for breeding earthworms by using waste fungus bags comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a culture substrate: mixing 80 parts by weight of waste fungus bags, 50 parts by weight of cow dung, 30 parts by weight of rice straws and 3 parts by weight of EM (effective microorganism) bacteria liquid in proportion, fermenting and decomposing, controlling the fermentation temperature at 50-60 ℃, fermenting for 15 days, adding 1 part by weight of Vitex negundo leaf extracting solution after decomposing, and uniformly mixing to obtain an earthworm culture substrate; the vitex negundo leaf extracting solution is prepared by the following method: crushing folium Viticis negundo, adding 50% ethanol by volume fraction, extracting at 70-80 deg.C, filtering, recovering ethanol from filtrate, and concentrating to relative density of 1.12 at 60 deg.C to obtain folium Viticis negundo extract;
2) paving an earthworm-based bed: the prepared earthworm cultivation substrate is laid in a cultivation pond or a cultivation box, the laying height is 30-50 cm, water is added for adjusting the humidity, and the water content is kept at 60-70%;
3) earthworm inoculation: selecting healthy and active earthworms with good variety, and inoculating the earthworms on a foundation bed according to the amount of 3kg per cubic meter;
4) daily management: the indoor temperature is controlled to be 15-32 ℃ in weekdays, the humidity is controlled to be 70% -75%, and the seeds can grow, develop and propagate better at the moment; sufficient fresh air is needed in the whole process of earthworm cultivation, padding is turned over for 1 time in 15 days of cultivation, the padding on the upper layer and the padding on the lower layer are turned over, and the positions of the padding are changed;
5) harvesting earthworms: scraping wormcast layer by layer under the illumination, driving the earthworms to drill to the lower layer of the cultivation bed, collecting the earthworms on the lower layer of the cultivation bed, placing the earthworms on a large basket with the aperture of 3-5 mm, placing a collecting container below the basket, and automatically drilling the earthworms into a container under a sieve under the illumination to obtain the earthworms.
Comparative example:
the method is completely the same as the method in example 1 except that the method in step 1) for preparing the culture medium is replaced by clear water.
Earthworm yield test
Selecting large-flat No. two young earthworms, dividing the earthworm cultivation base into 4 earthworm cultivation areas, wherein the 4 earthworm cultivation areas have the same environmental factors, 1 earthworm cultivation area is cultivated by adopting the earthworm cultivation method of a comparative example, the remaining 3 earthworm cultivation areas are respectively cultivated by adopting the earthworm cultivation methods in the embodiments 1-3, the growth conditions of the earthworms are compared, and the specific test results are shown in a table 1.
TABLE 1 earthworm yield and quality test results
Wherein, the yield increase rate is (example yield-comparative example yield)/comparative example yield, and the earthworm yield is the average value of 3 earthworm breeding areas;
as can be seen from the data in Table 1, the earthworm cultivated by the cultivation substrate containing the extract of the vitex negundo leaves has the advantages of obviously shortened production period, improved earthworm yield by 21-25%, higher protein content and obvious effect.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for breeding earthworms by using waste fungus bags is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a culture substrate: mixing the waste fungus bags, the cow dung, the straws and the EM bacterial liquid in proportion, fermenting and decomposing, adding the vitex negundo leaf extracting solution after decomposing, and mixing uniformly to obtain an earthworm breeding matrix;
the preparation method of the culture substrate comprises the following steps: mixing 60-80 parts by weight of waste fungus bags, 30-50 parts by weight of cow dung, 20-30 parts by weight of straws and 1-3 parts by weight of EM (effective microorganisms) bacteria liquid in proportion, fermenting and decomposing, adding 0.5-1 part by weight of vitex leaf extracting solution after decomposing, and mixing uniformly to obtain an earthworm culture substrate; the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 50-60 ℃, and the fermentation time is 10-15 days; the straw is selected from one or more of corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw and soybean straw;
the vitex negundo leaf extracting solution is prepared by the following method: crushing folium viticis negundo, adding 30-50% ethanol by volume fraction, extracting at 70-80 ℃, filtering, recovering ethanol from filtrate, and concentrating to relative density of 1.10-1.12 at 60 ℃ to obtain folium viticis negundo extract;
2) paving an earthworm-based bed: the prepared earthworm cultivation substrate is laid in a cultivation pond or a cultivation box, the laying height is 30-50 cm, water is added for adjusting the humidity, and the water content is kept at 60-70%;
3) earthworm inoculation: selecting healthy and active earthworms with good variety, and inoculating the earthworms on a foundation bed in an amount of 2-3 kg per cubic meter;
4) daily management: the indoor temperature is controlled to be 15-32 ℃ in weekdays, the humidity is controlled to be 70% -75%, and the seeds can grow, develop and propagate better at the moment; sufficient fresh air is needed in the whole process of earthworm cultivation, padding is turned over for 1 time in 10-15 days of cultivation, the padding on the upper layer and the padding on the lower layer are turned over, and the positions of the padding are changed;
5) harvesting earthworms: scraping wormcast layer by layer under the illumination, driving the earthworms to drill to the lower layer of the cultivation bed, collecting the earthworms on the lower layer of the cultivation bed, placing the earthworms on a large basket with the aperture of 3-5 mm, placing a collecting container below the basket, and automatically drilling the earthworms into a container under a sieve under the illumination to obtain the earthworms.
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| CN201810279768.5A CN108651389B (en) | 2018-04-01 | 2018-04-01 | Method for breeding earthworms by using waste fungus bags |
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| CN201810279768.5A CN108651389B (en) | 2018-04-01 | 2018-04-01 | Method for breeding earthworms by using waste fungus bags |
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| CN113016520B (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2022-03-04 | 黑龙江省农业科学院 | Selenium-enriched corn planting method for improving quality, increasing efficiency and reducing heavy metal pollution |
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| CN103461689A (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2013-12-25 | 南开大学 | Cultivation method for earthworms by using waste domestic fungus bag |
| JP5505750B1 (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2014-05-28 | ワキ製薬株式会社 | Earthworm dry powder manufacturing method |
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