CN112273088A - Treatment method before fruit tree stock grafting - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/35—Cutting; Inserting
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree grafting, and particularly discloses a treatment method before fruit tree stock grafting. The treatment method before the grafting of the fruit tree rootstock specifically comprises the following steps: (1) before grafting of the fruit tree stock, removing terminal buds of fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with scions; (2) after the terminal buds are removed, cutting off 10-20 cm of the fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with the scions from the top ends; (3) and after 2-5 days, cutting off 0.5-3 cm from the top of the fruit tree stock branch to be grafted with the scion, and then using the fruit tree stock branch for grafting the scion. Compared with the traditional fruit tree stock treatment method, the yellow crystal fruit stock treated by the method can greatly improve the survival rate and the growth speed of the scion after yellow crystal fruit grafting after grafting. Meanwhile, the inventor further researches and discovers that the method is also suitable for other fruit trees of Sapotaceae, such as miracle fruit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree grafting, in particular to a treatment method before fruit tree stock grafting.
Background
The HUANGJING fruit is plant of genus Tinospora of family Sapotaceae of order Rhododendron, and is tropical fruit tree; also named Yamei fruit, Huangjin fruit, and Jia Mi yolk fruit, the height of the adult tree is 4-6 m, the leaves are intergrown, and the branches are clustered with one leaf. The fruit taste is between those of the muskmelon and the mango, the sweetness can reach 14 degrees, and the fruit contains rich nutrient substances such as protein, carbohydrate, fiber, calcium, phosphorus, iron, a plurality of vitamins and the like. At present, the Huangjing fruits are planted in the areas of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and the like in China, and have high economic value.
Grafting is one of asexual propagation methods; the branch or bud of one plant is grafted to the stem or root of another plant, and the two parts which are connected together are grown into a complete plant. In the grafting process, the grafted branch or bud is called a scion, and the grafted plant body is called a stock. During grafting, the scion and the cambium of the stock are tightly combined to ensure the survival of the scion.
The method for processing the stock before grafting has important influence on the survival rate of the scion after grafting; at present, a rootstock treatment method specially aiming at the Huangjing fruits is not adopted in the grafting process of the Huangjing fruits, but a traditional rootstock treatment method is adopted; namely, during grafting, the semi-lignified part of the stock is directly cut off, and then the scion is immediately grafted, so that the grafting is completed. The traditional method for treating the golden fruit rootstocks has the defects of low scion survival rate and slow scion growth; therefore, a rootstock treatment method specially aiming at the yellow brilliant fruit is urgently needed to be developed so as to improve the scion survival rate and the scion growth speed of the yellow brilliant fruit.
Since the xanthophyll fruit belongs to the plants of the family Sapotaceae, the inventor finds that other fruit trees of the family Sapotaceae (such as miracle fruit) have the same technical problems in the grafting process as the xanthophyll fruit.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect that a rootstock treatment method specially aiming at the yellow brilliant fruits is lacked in the prior art, the invention provides a treatment method suitable for the rootstock of the yellow brilliant fruits before grafting; the yellow crystal fruit stock treated by the method has higher scion survival rate after scion grafting. Meanwhile, the method is also suitable for other fruit trees of the Sapotaceae family.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a treatment method before grafting of a fruit tree stock specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) before grafting of the fruit tree stock, removing terminal buds of fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with scions;
(2) after the terminal buds are removed, cutting off 10-20 cm of the fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with the scions from the top ends;
(3) and after 2-5 days, cutting off 0.5-3 cm from the top of the fruit tree stock branch to be grafted with the scion, and then using the fruit tree stock branch for grafting the scion.
The inventor finds that the treatment method of the yellow brilliant fruit rootstock before grafting has important influence on the survival rate and the growth speed of the scion after grafting in the grafting process. By adopting the traditional fruit tree stock treatment method, the survival rate of the grafted scion is only about 40%, the grafted scion has low growth speed, and buds newly grown from the scion can break the grafted film in more than 40 days. Based on this, the inventor continuously searches and improves the treatment method of the rootstock in the grafting process of the yellow brilliant fruit. The research finds that the method is adopted, namely: sequentially carrying out (1) removing terminal buds of fruit tree stock branches, (2) cutting off 10-20 cm of the fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with scions from the top end, (3) cutting off 0.5-3 cm of the fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with the scions from the top end after 2-5 days; the scion obtained by the method has high survival rate and high growth speed after grafting; the survival rate reaches more than 70 percent; the graft membrane can be broken by the scion leaf bud within 30 days.
The method is obtained by a great amount of experiments of the inventor, and has the core points that: (1) removing terminal buds of fruit tree stock branches, (2) cutting off 10-20 cm of the fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with scions from the top ends, (3) passing through 2-5 d, and cutting off 0.5-3 cm of the fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with scions from the top ends. The three steps in the method are closely related and are inseparable steps, and the survival rate and the growth speed of the scions can be guaranteed only through the combined action of the three steps.
Preferably, in the step (2), the fruit tree stock branch to be grafted with the scion is cut off by 10-20 cm from the top end 2-5 days after the terminal bud is removed.
Most preferably, in the step (2), 3-4 days after the terminal bud is removed, the fruit tree stock branch to be grafted with the scion is cut off by 12-15 cm from the top end.
Preferably, in the step (3), after 3-4 days, 1-2 cm of the fruit tree stock branch to be grafted with the scion is cut off from the top end, and then the fruit tree stock branch can be used for grafting the scion.
Preferably, in the step (2), after the terminal buds are removed, all leaves of a fruit tree stock branch to be grafted with the scion, which are 10-20 cm away from the top end, are removed, and leaf stalks or partial leaf stalks are reserved; and after the leaf stalks naturally fall off and bud buds grow, cutting off 10-20 cm of the fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with the scions from the top ends.
Further, in the step (2), removing all leaves of the fruit tree stock branch to be grafted with the scion 10-20 cm away from the top end 2-5 days after the terminal bud is removed, and reserving petioles or partial petioles; and after the leaf stalks naturally fall off and bud buds grow, cutting off 10-20 cm of the fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with the scions from the top ends.
Further research by the inventor in the grafting process shows that: in the step (2), after the terminal buds are removed, further completely removing leaves 10-20 cm away from the top of the fruit tree stock branch to be grafted with the scion, and reserving petioles or partial petioles; after the leaf stalks naturally fall off and bud buds grow, cutting off 10-20 cm of fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with scions from the top; the step of cutting off the leaves is added, and the branches of the fruit tree stocks are cut off after the leafstalks naturally fall off and buds grow, so that the survival rate of the scions after grafting can be further improved; by adopting the method, the survival rate of the scions can reach more than 80 percent.
Most preferably, in the step (2), all leaves of the fruit tree stock branch to be grafted with the scion, which are 12-15 cm away from the top end, are removed 3-4 days after the terminal bud is removed, and leaf stalks or partial leaf stalks are reserved; and after the leaf stalks naturally fall off and bud buds grow, cutting off 12-15 cm of the fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with the scions from the top ends.
Preferably, the fruit tree stock branch to be grafted with the scion is cut off by 10-20 cm from the top after the leaf stalks naturally fall off and bud buds grow out 1-3 d.
Most preferably, 1-2 days after the leaf stalks naturally fall off and bud buds grow, cutting off 12-15 cm of the fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with the scions from the top ends.
Preferably, the fruit tree stock branch in step (1) is a semi-lignified fruit tree stock branch.
Preferably, the fruit tree stocks are selected from fruit tree stocks with the age of 6-10 months.
Most preferably, the fruit tree rootstock is selected from fruit tree rootstocks with the age of 8 months.
Preferably, the fruit tree is a fruit tree of the family Sapotaceae.
Most preferably, the fruit tree is a xanthophyll fruit or miracle fruit of the family Sapotaceae.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a novel treatment method before yellow brilliant fruit stock grafting; compared with the traditional fruit tree stock treatment method, the yellow crystal fruit stock treated by the method can greatly improve the survival rate and the growth speed of the scion after yellow crystal fruit grafting after grafting. Meanwhile, the inventor further researches and discovers that the method is also suitable for other fruit trees of Sapotaceae, such as miracle fruit.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples in any way.
Example 1 treatment method before grafting of Huangjing fruit stock
(1) Before grafting of the yellow brilliant fruit stock, cutting off terminal buds of branches of the yellow brilliant fruit stock to be grafted with scions;
(2) after removing terminal buds for 3-4 days, cutting off 12-15 cm of yellow crystal fruit stock branches to be grafted with scions from the top ends;
(3) cutting 1-2 cm of the yellow crystal fruit stock branch to be grafted with the scion from the top after 3-4 days, and then using the branch for grafting the scion;
the yellow brilliant fruit rootstock is selected from yellow brilliant fruit rootstocks with the age of 8 months; the xanthophyll fruit stock branch in the step (1) is a semi-lignified xanthophyll fruit stock branch.
Example 2 treatment method before grafting of Huangjing fruit stock
(1) Before grafting of the yellow brilliant fruit stock, cutting off terminal buds of branches of the yellow brilliant fruit stock to be grafted with scions;
(2) after removing terminal buds for 3-4 days, completely cutting off leaves 12-15 cm away from the top of a yellow crystal fruit stock branch to be grafted with scions, and reserving leafstalks or partial leafstalks; after the leaf stalks naturally fall off and buds grow at the positions where the leaf stalks naturally fall off for 1-2 d, cutting off 12-15 cm from the top of the yellow crystal fruit stock branches to be grafted with scions;
(3) cutting 1-2 cm of the yellow crystal fruit stock branch to be grafted with the scion from the top after 3-4 days, and then using the branch for grafting the scion;
the yellow brilliant fruit rootstock is selected from yellow brilliant fruit rootstocks with the age of 8 months; the xanthophyll fruit stock branch in the step (1) is a semi-lignified xanthophyll fruit stock branch.
Comparative example 1 treatment method before grafting of yellow brilliant fruit rootstock
Selecting yellow brilliant fruit stocks with the tree age of 8 months, directly cutting off semi-lignified branches of the yellow brilliant fruit stocks by 12-15 cm from the top during grafting, and then immediately grafting scions.
The rootstock treatment method of comparative example 1 is a conventional treatment method, i.e., a semi-lignified branch is directly cut off from the top in grafting, and then a scion is immediately grafted. The rootstock treatment method of the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps: firstly, cutting off terminal buds of branches of yellow crystal fruit stocks to be grafted with scions, cutting off semi-lignified branches after the terminal buds are removed for a period of time, and then using the branches for grafting the scions after the branches are cut off for a period of time. Therefore, compared with the traditional method, the rootstock treatment method is quite different and is a brand-new yellow brilliant fruit rootstock treatment method.
Comparative example 2 treatment method before grafting of yellow brilliant fruit rootstock
(1) Before grafting of the yellow brilliant fruit stock, cutting 12-15 cm away from the top of a yellow brilliant fruit stock branch to be grafted with scions;
(3) cutting 1-2 cm of the yellow crystal fruit stock branch to be grafted with the scion from the top after 3-4 days, and then using the branch for grafting the scion;
the yellow brilliant fruit rootstock is selected from yellow brilliant fruit rootstocks with the age of 8 months; the xanthophyll fruit stock branch in the step (1) is a semi-lignified xanthophyll fruit stock branch.
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that the apical bud removal step is not performed before the fruit stock shoots are pruned.
Comparative example 3 treatment method before grafting of yellow brilliant fruit rootstock
(1) Before grafting of the yellow brilliant fruit stock, cutting off terminal buds of branches of the yellow brilliant fruit stock to be grafted with scions;
(2) after removing terminal buds for 3-4 days, cutting off 12-15 cm of yellow crystal fruit stock branches to be grafted with scions from the top ends; the scions were immediately grafted.
The comparative example 3 is different from the example 1 in that the scion is directly grafted immediately after the fruit stock branches are cut off; in the embodiment 1, the scions are grafted after 3-4 days after the fruit stock branches are cut off.
Experimental example: grafting experiment
Processing 100 yellow brilliant fruit rootstocks by the methods of examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples 1-3; and then, selecting 500 semi-lignified xanthophyll fruit scions containing 2-3 leaf buds, and grafting the scions onto the xanthophyll fruit stocks. The grafting method adopts a conventional cleft grafting method; the scion of the yellow brilliant fruits is prepared by selecting semi-lignified branches from the yellow brilliant fruits by adopting a traditional method, and then removing terminal buds and leaves to obtain the semi-lignified yellow brilliant fruit scion containing 2-3 leaf buds; and after grafting, completely wrapping the yellow crystal fruit scions by using a grafting film. And (4) counting the survival rate of the scions grafted to the stocks and the growth speed of the scions (counting the time for breaking the grafted film by the leaf buds of the scions of the yellow-crystal fruits) 2 months after grafting. The statistical results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 statistical results of scion survival rate and scion growth rate
As can be seen from the statistical results in table 1, after the scion is grafted on the yellow brilliant fruit rootstock obtained in example 1 by the method of the present invention, the survival rate of the scion is 72%, and the average rupture time is 28 d; the results show that the scions grafted on the yellow brilliant fruit stocks treated by the method have very high survival rate and high growth speed.
Compared with the rootstock obtained by the conventional method in the comparative example 1, the rootstock obtained by the method in the embodiment 1 has the advantages that the survival rate of the scions is improved from 37% to 72%, and the average rupture time is shortened from 40d to 28 d; this shows that compared with the traditional method, the yellow crystal fruit rootstock treated by the method of the invention greatly improves the survival rate of the scion grafted on the yellow crystal fruit rootstock and the growth speed of the scion, and makes a remarkable progress.
Compared with the rootstock treated by the method in the embodiment 1, the rootstock treated by the method in the embodiment 2 has the advantages that the survival rate of the scion grafted on the rootstock treated by the method in the embodiment 2 is 81%, compared with the rootstock treated by the method in the embodiment 1, the survival rate is further greatly improved, and the survival rate is more than 80%; the leaf cutting step is added in the step (2), and the branches of the fruit tree stocks are cut after the leaf stalks naturally fall off and bud buds grow, so that the survival rate of the scions after grafting can be further improved; by adopting the method, the survival rate of the scions can reach more than 80 percent.
Compared with the rootstock treatment methods of comparative examples 2 and 3, the rootstock treatment method of the embodiment 1 has the advantages that the scion survival rate is less than 50% and the average rupture time is more than 30d in the rootstock treatment methods of the comparative examples 2 and 3. This shows that the core steps in the method of the present invention are: (1) removing terminal buds of fruit tree stock branches, (2) cutting off 10-20 cm of the fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with scions from the top ends, (3) passing through 2-5 d, and cutting off 0.5-3 cm of the fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with scions from the top ends. The three steps in the method are closely related and are inseparable steps, and the survival rate and the growth speed of the scions can be ensured only by the combined action of the three steps. The success rate and the growth speed of the scions cannot be greatly improved without any step; the survival rate of more than 70 percent and the average membrane rupture time of less than 30 days can not be reached.
Example 3 treatment method before Synsepalum dulcificum rootstock grafting
(1) Before the miracle fruit stock is grafted, cutting off terminal buds of miracle fruit stock branches to be grafted with scions;
(2) after removing terminal buds for 3-4 days, cutting off 12-15 cm of miracle fruit stock branches to be grafted with scions from the top ends;
(3) cutting 1-2 cm of the miracle fruit stock branch to be grafted with the scion from the top after 3-4 days, and then using the miracle fruit stock branch for grafting the scion;
the miracle fruit stock branch in the step (1) is a semi-lignified miracle fruit stock branch.
Claims (10)
1. A treatment method before fruit tree stock grafting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) before grafting of the fruit tree stock, removing terminal buds of fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with scions;
(2) after the terminal buds are removed, cutting off 10-20 cm of the fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with the scions from the top ends;
(3) and after 2-5 days, cutting off 0.5-3 cm from the top of the fruit tree stock branch to be grafted with the scion, and then using the fruit tree stock branch for grafting the scion.
2. The method for treating the fruit tree stocks before grafting according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with the scions are cut off by 10-20 cm from the top end 2-5 days after the terminal buds are removed
Most preferably, 3-4 days after the terminal buds are removed, the fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with the scions are cut off by 12-15 cm from the top ends.
3. The method for treating the fruit tree stocks before grafting according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), after 3-4 days, 1-2 cm of fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with the scions are cut off from the top ends, and then the fruit tree stocks branches can be used for grafting the scions.
4. The treatment method before the grafting of the fruit tree stock according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), after the terminal bud is removed, all leaves of a fruit tree stock branch to be grafted with the scion are removed from 10-20 cm away from the top end, and leaf stalks or partial leaf stalks are reserved; after the leaf stalks naturally fall off and bud buds grow, cutting off 10-20 cm of fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with scions from the top;
preferably, in the step (2), all leaves of a fruit tree stock branch to be grafted with the scion, which are 10-20 cm away from the top end, are removed 2-5 days after the terminal bud is removed, and leafstalks or partial leafstalks are reserved; after the leaf stalks naturally fall off and bud buds grow, cutting off 10-20 cm of fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with scions from the top;
most preferably, in the step (2), all leaves of the fruit tree stock branch to be grafted with the scion, which are 12-15 cm away from the top end, are removed 3-4 days after the terminal bud is removed, and leaf stalks or partial leaf stalks are reserved; and after the leaf stalks naturally fall off and bud buds grow, cutting off 12-15 cm of the fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with the scions from the top ends.
5. The method for treating the fruit tree stocks before grafting according to claim 4, wherein 1-3 days after the leafstalks naturally fall off and buds grow, the fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with the scions are cut by 10-20 cm from the top ends.
6. The method for treating the fruit tree stocks before grafting according to claim 5, wherein 1-2 days after the leafstalks naturally fall off and buds grow, the fruit tree stock branches to be grafted with the scions are cut by 12-15 cm from the top ends.
7. The method for pre-grafting treatment of fruit tree rootstock according to claim 1, wherein the fruit tree rootstock branch in the step (1) is a semi-lignified fruit tree rootstock branch.
8. The method for pre-grafting treatment of fruit tree stocks according to claim 1, wherein the fruit tree stocks are selected from fruit tree stocks with the age of 6-10 months.
9. The method for pre-grafting treatment of fruit tree rootstock according to claim 1, wherein the fruit tree is a fruit tree of the family Sapotaceae.
10. The method for pre-grafting treatment of fruit tree rootstock according to claim 1, wherein the fruit tree is xanthoceras sorbifolia or miracle fruit of Sapotaceae.
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