Giant tea tree grafting method
Technical field
The present invention relates to grafting trees technology, be particularly applicable to the giant tea tree grafting method of high altitude localities.
Background technology
Tea tree, Theaceae, Camellia shrub or dungarunga, spray is without hair.Leaf keratin, Long Circle or ellipse.The leaf of tea tree can tea making, and seed can extract oil, and tea tree material is fine and closely woven, and its wood can be used for engraving.Distribution mainly concentrates between 16 degree, south latitude to north latitude 30 degree, and Southwestern China portion is the centre of origin of tea tree.Giant tea tree is the one of tea tree, arbor type, and plant is tall and big, from plant base portion to top, all has obvious trunk, and in total shape branch, branch position is high, and branches and leaves are sparse.Blade is large, and the range of variation of length of blade is 10-26 centimetre, and most kind leaf length is more than 14 centimetres.
Grafting, one of artificial alimentation propagation method of plant.Namely, the branch of a Plants or bud, in grafting to the stem or root of another kind of plant, two parts be connected together are made to grow up to a complete plant.The branch connected or bud, be called scion, by the plant corpus connect, is called stock or platform wood.
Giant tea tree has very high product drink and is worth, and therefore the graft technology of giant tea tree is also more and more subject to people's attention.But because the feature understanding of people to giant tea tree is not enough, the technical measures taked in graft and transplantation process are improper, the common fruit-tree grafting method of existing employing, because fruit tree has the obvious epidermis of one deck, together with after grafting, stock easily heals with scion wound, and tea tree does not have obvious epidermis, only has the ashy substance protective layer that one deck is very thin, do not take certain measure, healing is difficult to together after grafting, many giant tea trees are caused not survive, or the vacation that can only maintain 1 ~ 6 month is lived, especially in High aititude (height above sea level is more than 1200 meters) area, the graft survival rate of giant tea tree is almost nil.And at present, the method that connects of transferring for high altitude localities giant tea tree also has no any report.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides and be a kind ofly applicable to high altitude localities and the giant tea tree grafting method of giant tea tree survival rate can be ensured.
The present invention program is as follows: giant tea tree grafting method, comprises the following steps:
1) selection of fringe bar, gathers the branch of raw semi-lignified stalwartness then, as the fringe bar of grafting;
2) storage of fringe bar, is placed on the layering of fringe bar and has in the foam preservative container of certain humidity, arranges one deck and wet liver moss or wet river sand between adjacent fringe bar layer;
3) preparation of scion, is cut into scion by fringe bar, cut-grafting fringe otch in scion, each scion has 1 ~ 2 healthy and strong blade support axillalry bud;
4) stock process, carries out lopping to the trunk branch chosen, and reservation length is 20cm ~ 3m, this trunk branch selects major branch as the stock of grafting, scabbles stock fracture, cut stock otch;
5) grafting, scion is fitted along stock circumference outer and inserted in stock otch, the formation layer of scion otch is made to be close to the formation layer of stock otch, the junction rope of scion otch and stock otch is packed tightly, adopt the coated whole scion from top to bottom of grafting plastic sack, reserved sprouting growing space in grafting plastic sack, and ensure to be filled with air in grafting plastic sack, fasten grafting plastic sack afterwards;
6) managing after grafting, after grafting survival, remove the rudiment bar that stock newly grows in time, grafting is after 2 ~ 3 months, and sprouting grows to close to grafting plastic sack top, takes off plastic sack, when sprouting grows to 10 ~ 15cm, removes terminal bud.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: giant tea tree self-sow is in height above sea level more than 800 meters alpine region, major part concentrates growth more than 1200 meters, especially naturally numerous breath, finds that there is 5 kinds at present, in very long growth evolution process, existing two variety and qualities are relatively low, part giant tea tree is due to nobody's management and pluck, and cause tea tree withered or waste dead, seed output and quality declines, do not have the due fragrance of giant tea tree and quality, value is not high.After adopting this method grafting, while improve tea bush productivity, also improve the quality of tealeaves.Because high altitude localities growth of tea plant is slow, the age of tree is old and feeble, if upgraded with pruning branch or lifting the method for cutting, tea tree restoration ecosystem needs for a long time, in order to shorten growth cycle, improve productivity effect, studies this cover graft technology specially for high altitude localities.
Because the branch of semi-lignified stalwartness is given birth in collection of the present invention then; as the fringe bar of grafting; and take the storage mode of certain moisturizing, each scion leaves 1 ~ 2 healthy and strong blade support axillalry bud, makes the formation layer of scion otch be close to the formation layer of stock otch; adopt the coated whole scion from top to bottom of grafting plastic sack; as protection, take above-mentioned series of measures, effectively can improve the survival rate of giant tea tree; through overtesting, its survival rate can reach more than 95%.
Further, by the method that fringe bar is cut into scion be: select blade support 1 ~ 2 axillalry bud that 1 ~ 2 healthy and strong, at the base portion of the petiole corresponding with this blade support axillalry bud, secateurs breaks by downward 2 ~ 3cm place, remove the blade of below this blade support axillalry bud, then in the upper end of this petiole, upwards secateurs breaks by 0.3 ~ 0.5cm place, forms scion.Shearing scion can not be long or too short, keeps the distance of 0.5 ~ 1cm, the long moisture that can consume with the next petiole in the end most after grafting and stock, too shortly can damage axillalry bud and be unfavorable for wound healing.
Further, the method of cutting stock otch is: at the cylindrical of stock along the radial slot of stock, notch depth and scion otch coincide, when the diameter of stock is at below 5cm, in the medium position partial application of stock length direction, when the diameter of stock is at 5 ~ 10cm, middle part one along stock length direction is enclosed and is relatively cut two cuttves, when the diameter of stock is at more than 10cm, the middle part one along stock length direction is enclosed and is evenly cut multitool, more than the circular arc distance 2cm between adjacent two cuttves.In order to wound healing, nutrient supply and New shoot growth, distance can not be overstocked.
Further, a circle corn straw or careless class stalk is banded with in the periphery of grafting plastic sack.Colligation corn straw or careless class stalk, its object one is that prevention storm wind blows brokenly grafting plastic sack, and the plant after grafting is exposed to the sun by sunshine, and two is the fastnesses strengthening grafting plastic sack, freezing serious time alleviate the load of grafting plastic sack.
Further, be also included in the step setting up sunshade support after grafting completes, described sunshade support is arranged with sunshade net, the giant tea tree after the coated grafting of sunshade net, the side direction of sunshade net and the distance of scion are greater than 30cm.The object mainly sun-proof frost protection of sunshade net, especially in high altitude localities, can make grafting plant exempt from frost.
Further, the method of cut-grafting fringe otch is: carry out diagonal angle at the downward 0.5 ~ 1cm place of the base portion of described scion petiole to scion and splay, then select the cuspidated scion otch of positive and negative one side one cutter formation tool that two symmetrical, ensure that scion wants absolute complete to a musculus cutaneus of outer, the diagonal angle splayed is 15 °, to ensure coincideing of scion otch and stock otch.
Further, in step 6), after taking off grafting plastic sack, because corn straw or careless class stalk too much can affect sprouting growth, therefore by the half colligation again of original corn straw or careless class stalk, can effectively prevent sprouting from being broken by wind, after 3 ~ 4 months, take off remaining corn straw or careless class stalk.
Further, within after taking off grafting plastic sack 7 ~ 9 days, sunshade net and sunshade support is taken off.Just take off the sprouting after grafting plastic sack very tender, the sprouting very first time grown out in grafting plastic sack can not adapt to extraneous weather, more directly can not be exposed to the sun, slowly deduct sunshade net and sunshade support through the times of 7 ~ 10 days, ensure that sprouting adapts to weather at that time and grows up healthy and sound.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is further detailed explanation:
The present embodiment giant tea tree grafting method, comprises the following steps:
1) selection of fringe bar, selects the excellent tea tree of kind as mother plant for cutting, gathers the branch of raw semi-lignified stalwartness then, as the fringe bar of grafting.
2) storage of fringe bar, is placed on the layering of fringe bar and has in the foam preservative container of certain humidity, and keep moisture needed for branch when being convenient to transport, antistaling container can be antistaling box or crisper, arranges one deck and wet liver moss or wet river sand between adjacent fringe bar layer.
3) preparation of scion, fringe bar is cut into scion, by the method that fringe bar is cut into scion be: select blade support 1 ~ 2 axillalry bud that 1 ~ 2 healthy and strong, at the base portion of the petiole corresponding with this blade support axillalry bud, secateurs breaks by downward 2 ~ 3cm place, remove the blade of below this blade support axillalry bud, then in the upper end of this petiole, upwards secateurs breaks by 0.3 ~ 0.5cm place, forms scion.
Cut-grafting fringe otch in scion, the method for cut-grafting fringe otch is: carry out diagonal angle at the downward 0.5 ~ 1cm place of the base portion of described petiole to scion and splay, then select the cuspidated scion otch of positive and negative one side one cutter formation tool that two symmetrical, the diagonal angle splayed is 15 °.
In the present embodiment, each scion has 1 ~ 2 healthy and strong blade support axillalry bud.
4) stock process, lopping is carried out to the trunk branch chosen, reservation length is 20cm ~ 3m, this trunk branch select major branch as the stock of grafting, scabble stock fracture, cut stock otch, the method of cutting stock otch is: at the cylindrical of stock along the radial slot of stock, notch depth and scion otch coincide, when the diameter of stock is at below 5cm, in the medium position partial application of stock length direction, when the diameter of stock is at 5 ~ 10cm, middle part one along stock length direction is enclosed and is relatively cut two cuttves, when the diameter of stock is at more than 10cm, middle part one along stock length direction is enclosed and is evenly cut multitool, more than circular arc distance 2cm between adjacent two cuttves.
5) grafting, scion is fitted along stock circumference outer and inserted in stock otch, the formation layer of scion otch is made to be close to the formation layer of stock otch, guarantee that the skin on scion otch connects with the skin-deep of stock, can be combined by grown junction after grafting a period of time, provide moisture and nutriment to grafting sprouting.The junction rope of scion otch and stock otch is packed tightly, in order to avoid displacement.Adopt the coated whole scion from top to bottom of grafting plastic sack, reserved sprouting growing space in grafting plastic sack, minimum is more than 10cm, and ensure to be filled with full air in grafting plastic sack, fasten grafting plastic sack afterwards, the otch that grafting is formed does not contact outside air, plays frost protection, snow freezes, the effect of water conservation.Corn straw or careless class stalk is enclosed in the peripheral colligation one of grafting plastic sack.
Sunshade support is set up after grafting completes, described sunshade support is arranged with sunshade net, the giant tea tree after the coated grafting of sunshade net, the bottom of the plant after grafting is fastened in sunshade net bottom, the side direction of sunshade net and the distance of scion are greater than 30cm, can not encounter sprouting when guaranteeing that sunshade net is moved in wind.
6) managing after grafting, after grafting survival, removes the rudiment bar that stock newly grows in time; Grafting is after 2 ~ 3 months, and scion sprouting grows to close to grafting plastic sack top, takes off plastic sack; After taking off grafting plastic sack, by the half colligation again of original corn straw or careless class stalk, after 3 ~ 4 months, take off remaining corn straw or careless class stalk; Within after taking off grafting plastic sack 7 ~ 9 days, take off sunshade net and sunshade support; When sprouting grows to 10 ~ 15cm, remove terminal bud, control its apical dominance, allow side axillalry bud constantly send out shoot again, form branch leafy luxuriant.
Because high altitude localities growth of tea plant is slow, the age of tree is old and feeble, if upgrade improvement with pruning branch or lifting the method for cutting, tea tree restoration ecosystem needs for a long time.By experiment, this method improves more than 60% than usual grafting survival rate, improves kind inferior, shortens growth cycle, improves tea bush productivity and quality.After grafting, Second Year starts to pluck, and within 3 years, enter the phase of abounding with, within the 5th year, single output can reach 50 jin.
Above-described is only embodiments of the invention, and in scheme, the general knowledge such as known concrete structure and characteristic does not do too much description at this.Should be understood that; for a person skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not departing from structure of the present invention, some distortion and improvement can also be made; these also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention, and these all can not affect effect of the invention process and practical applicability.The protection domain that this application claims should be as the criterion with the content of its claim, and the embodiment in specification etc. record the content that may be used for explaining claim.