CN114616992B - High-grafting head-changing method for passion fruits and application of high-grafting head-changing method in character screening - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of passion fruit cultivation, and particularly relates to a passion fruit high-grafting head-changing method and application thereof in character screening. According to the high grafting head changing method, the scions are grafted on the passion fruit branches which are already put on the shelf, so that the nutrition growth time of passion fruits is shortened, and the passion fruit seeds can be changed without transplanting after grafting survival. Meanwhile, by adopting the high grafting head changing method, the observation and statistics of the result conditions of different seedlings can be realized on one stock, the characters of the scions can be rapidly screened, the field for cultivating the seedlings is greatly saved, the large-batch screening of the seedlings is facilitated, the seedling screening period is shortened, and the seedling raising cost is greatly saved.

Description

High-grafting head-changing method for passion fruits and application of high-grafting head-changing method in character screening

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of passion fruit cultivation, and particularly relates to a passion fruit high-grafting head-changing method and application thereof in character screening.

Background

The passion fruit has bright color and luster and aromatic flavor, integrates the flavor of various tropical and subtropical fruits such as guava, pineapple, mango, banana and the like, and is known as juice Wang Zhi. The passion fruit can be used as raw material to prepare various fruit products, such as fruit juice, ice cream, jam, beverage, fruit wine, etc. Therefore, the demand for passion fruit is increasing. Therefore, the breeding of passion fruit seeds becomes a hot spot for scientific research.

Grafting is an important means for improving the quality of fruit trees and enhancing the stress resistance of plants. However, the existing passion fruit grafting method is generally carried out in a greenhouse in a seedling stage, and comprises the following specific operations: cutting off the passion fruit seedling transversely, cutting a V-shaped notch on the cross section, and then inserting the scion into the notch. As conditions such as temperature, humidity and the like can be manually controlled in the greenhouse, the higher grafting survival rate can be ensured. For the passion fruit plants which are put on the shelf, the grafting method has low survival rate, and the grafted scions are difficult to directly flower and fruit, so that the cost of passion fruit planting is increased. Meanwhile, in the seedling stage, the passion fruit needs 3-4 months to grow in nutrition after grafting, then flowers and fruits can be obtained, the character information of scions can not be obtained quickly, and proper cultivars can not be screened out quickly.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a passion fruit high grafting head changing method and application thereof in character screening, which can directly graft passion fruit plants after being put on a shelf, reduce planting cost, and are also beneficial to quickly screening passion fruit characters and selecting proper varieties.

The passion fruit grafting method comprises the following steps:

(1) Selecting buds on passion fruit plants as scions, wherein the length of each scion is about 3-10cm,2-3 tender leaves are obliquely cut into V-shaped grooves at grafting ports of scion bases by using a craft knife, and the length of each V-shaped groove is about 0.5-1cm;

(2) Selecting normally grown passion fruit branches on passion fruit plants as stocks, and carrying out truncating treatment on the branches to leave 1-4 lateral buds; after the reserved lateral buds grow out, selecting internodes of the lateral buds close to one side of the branches, cutting a V-shaped groove between the internodes for grafting, wherein the depth of the groove is about 1/3-1/2 of the diameter of the stock, and ensuring that the lateral buds can continue to grow;

(3) Cutting the base of the scion into a V shape corresponding to the stock, and placing the scion in the center of the cut; ensuring the scion and the phloem of the stock to be tightly attached;

(4) Winding and fixing the junction of the scion and the stock by using a fixing material; when fixing, the buds on the scions are avoided when the fixing materials are wound;

(5) After the fixing, covering the scion and the joint by using a self-sealing bag, and sealing the scion and the joint so that the scion and the joint are left in the self-sealing bag;

(6) And after the joint heals and the new scion leaves emerge, removing the wound and fixed material, and simultaneously removing lateral buds on the stock, and only keeping buds of the scion part.

Further, in the step (1), the buds are lateral buds or terminal buds.

Further, in the step (2), the rest lateral buds on the stock are removed.

Further, in the step (2), the groove on the stock is completed by adopting the following operations: cutting obliquely at the grafting port of the stock by using an art designer knife at an angle of about 30 degrees, cutting downwards for about 0.5-1cm, and cutting the stem transversely for about 1/3-1/2 of the depth of the stock to generate a small groove.

Further, in the step (2), the length of the lateral bud growing out is 2-5cm.

Further, in the step (4), the fixing material is an elastic sealable material, such as a preservative film, a sealing film, a polyethylene adhesive tape, and the like.

The grafting method is applied to high grafting head replacement of passion fruit in the field.

A passion fruit high-joint head changing method comprises the following steps:

and selecting the passion fruit branches which grow normally after being put on a frame as a stock, and grafting according to the grafting method.

The passion fruit high-grafting head-changing method is applied to rapid and efficient screening of passion fruit characters.

A rapid and efficient passion fruit trait screening method comprises the following steps:

(1) Taking top buds or lateral buds of passion fruit seedlings to be screened as scions, wherein the passion fruit seedlings to be screened are mainly derived from offspring generated by breeding means such as hybridization, mutagenesis and the like, and grafting different scions on the same stock by adopting the passion fruit high grafting head changing method;

(2) Removing lateral buds on the stock after the scion survives, and culturing buds of the scion part until the scion flowers and fruits; and selecting passion fruit seeds or strains with required characters according to the result conditions on different scions.

Further, in the step (1), at least 2 different scions prepared by seedlings are grafted to each stock.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the passion fruit grafting method can be used for grafting on passion fruit branches which grow normally, and overcomes the dependence on external conditions in the passion fruit grafting process. In the field cultivation process, for the passion fruit seeds with lower economic benefit, the scions of high-quality varieties can be grafted, and for the passion fruit plants which are already put on the shelf, the passion fruit high grafting head replacement can be realized in the field. The flowers and fruits can be cut in a short period after grafting, so that the quick replacement of cultivars is realized, and the economic benefit of cultivation is improved.

By adopting the passion fruit grafting method, the scions can be directly grafted on plants which grow normally, and the high-position head replacement of passion fruits can be realized without culturing the stock. The grafting survival period is short, and the replacement of passion fruit seeds can be realized without transplanting after the grafting survival.

In addition, the grafting method can also adopt flower buds as scions, can keep higher survival rate, can directly bloom and fruit after grafting, can realize flowering and fruit in advance after grafting, can determine the fruiting condition and the fruit character as soon as possible, is favorable for obtaining the fruiting condition of passion fruit after grafting as soon as possible, and is favorable for screening out proper grafting varieties as soon as possible.

According to the passion fruit grafting method, the passion fruit plants which are directly put on the shelf are grafted, and the buds of the cultivated passion fruit seedlings are used as scions, so that the nutrition growth time of the seedlings can be remarkably reduced, the early flowering and fruit setting can be realized, the comparison and screening of different seedling characters can be conveniently carried out in advance, the screening period of the seedlings is shortened, and the proper passion fruit varieties can be screened as soon as possible. Meanwhile, by adopting the screening method disclosed by the invention, scions of different seedlings can be grafted on different branches of passion fruit plants serving as the stocks at the same time. Namely, on the same stock, the growth conditions of different seedlings can be observed and counted, so that the characteristics of different seedlings can be conveniently observed, the field required by seedling cultivation can be greatly saved, the large-batch screening of seedlings is facilitated, and the screening efficiency of the seedlings is improved. Solves the problem that the rapid screening of seedlings cannot be completed in a short time due to the limitation of fields, and greatly saves the seedling raising cost.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings which are used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive faculty for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 shows a plant of passion fruit grafted into a living plant in a greenhouse;

FIG. 2 shows the fixed state of the passion fruit branches grafted by the grafting method of example 1;

FIG. 3 shows the state of the passion fruit branch grafted by the grafting method of example 1 after bagging;

FIG. 4 is a cut of passion fruit branches grafted to survive the grafting method of example 1;

FIG. 5 shows newly grown buds of passion fruit branches grafted by the grafting method of example 1.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Example 1

The passion fruit grafting method comprises the following steps:

(1) Selection of grafting time

The passion fruit can be grafted all the year round, but the most timely period is spring and summer, namely after fruit harvesting and topdressing, until the fruit flowers.

(2) Preparation of scion

Selecting strong, full terminal bud or lateral bud, and 2-3 tender leaves with length of about 3-10 cm.

(3) Grafting method

The grafting method adopts a bud grafting method, and mainly comprises the following steps:

1) And (3) selecting normally grown branches on passion fruit plants for cutting, reserving 1 lateral bud, and selecting internodes close to the branches for grafting after the reserved internodes grow lateral buds and the lateral buds are about 2-3cm in length. Meanwhile, the lateral buds are reserved, and the rest lateral buds on the stock are removed completely. And (3) cutting the stock at the grafting port by using an art designer knife at an angle of about 30 degrees, cutting the stock downwards for about 0.5-1cm, and cutting the stock to the lateral cutting depth of about 1/3-1/2 of the stock to generate a small V-shaped groove, wherein the lateral buds reserved on the stock can continue to grow.

2) Cutting the base of the scion into a corresponding V shape, and placing the buds of the scion into the center of the cut. The scion is aligned and placed on the stock as much as possible, and the scion is kept closely attached to the phloem (epidermis) of the stock as much as possible.

3) Guiding the scion to the internode of the stock, winding the interface part of the scion and the stock by using elastic sealable materials such as preservative film, sealing film, polyethylene adhesive tape and the like, and fixing the interface part; but the buds on the scions cannot be wound, and the buds on the scions are avoided during winding so as to avoid damage caused by the buds.

4) After the fixing, covering the scion and the joint by using a self-sealing bag, and sealing properly to ensure that the scion and the joint are left in the self-sealing bag; the self-sealing bag can keep moisture and avoid the phenomenon that the joint is shifted and can not heal due to rain wash.

5) After the joint heals and the new scion leaves emerge, the winding and fixing material can be removed, and meanwhile, the lateral buds reserved on the stock are removed, and only buds of the scion part are reserved.

Examples 2 to 4

Examples 2-4 were all grafted by the method of example 1, except that example 2 retained 2 lateral buds, example 3 retained 3 lateral buds, and example 4 retained 4 lateral buds.

Example 5

A passion fruit high-joint head changing method comprises the following steps:

the normal growth of passion fruit branches after being put on the shelf was selected as the stock and grafted according to the grafting method described in examples 1-4.

When the economic benefit of the cultivated variety in the field is low, for example, the cultivated variety of the passion fruit seedlings is bad, or the price of the passion fruit of a certain variety is low, the grafting method described in the embodiment can be adopted, the passion fruit seeds with excellent economic benefit are selected, the terminal buds or the side buds of plants are used as scions, grafting is directly carried out on the passion fruit branches planted in the field, and therefore high-position head replacement of the passion fruit can be achieved, the passion fruit seeds with better economic benefit can be replaced quickly, and flowering and fruiting can be achieved as soon as possible.

Example 6

A passion fruit character rapid screening method comprises the following steps:

(1) Taking top buds or lateral buds of passion fruit seedlings to be screened as scions, wherein the passion fruit seedlings to be screened are mainly derived from offspring generated by breeding means such as hybridization, mutagenesis and the like; grafting different scions on the same stock by adopting the passion fruit grafting method described in the embodiments 1-4; at least 2 scions prepared by different seedlings are grafted on each stock.

(2) Removing lateral buds on the stock after the scion survives, and culturing buds of the scion part until the scion flowers and fruits; and selecting the passion fruit variety (line) with proper characters according to the result conditions on different scions.

By adopting the grafting method in the embodiment, the scions of a plurality of different varieties (lines) can be grafted according to the number of the branches of the stock, and the fruit characters of the varieties (lines) can be observed at the same time. In the conventional breeding process of new varieties (lines), 500-1000 offspring are produced by breeding means such as primary hybridization and mutagenesis, and the conventional planting density is about 120-150 plants/mu at present, namely, 5-10 mu of plants can be planted in the offspring produced by breeding means such as primary hybridization and mutagenesis. By adopting the method of the embodiment, a plurality of scions of different varieties can be grafted on the stock at one time, and generally, more than 4 scions can be grafted on one plant, and 7-8 scions with better growth vigor can be grafted on the stock. Namely 1000 plants, at most 2.5 mu of land, the screening efficiency is obviously improved, the land required for cultivating the plants is greatly reduced, and the seedling raising cost and time are greatly saved.

Comparison of different propagation methods

The same batch of cultivated passion fruit seedlings are selected, branches with flower buds and nutrition branches are respectively selected as scion materials and cuttage materials, and the grafting stock adopts passion fruit plants which are already put on the shelf. The conventional grafting method (namely the grafting method of passion fruit seedlings in a greenhouse) and the grafting method disclosed by the invention are respectively adopted for grafting, and the cutting seedlings are used as a control. There were 30 samples per treatment. Counting the number of scions and the number of cutting branches which survive each method, and calculating from the day of treatment, wherein each treatment survival time is the time required for growing new buds. And then calculating the grafting survival rate, and comparing the influence of different cultivation methods on the growth of passion fruits. The results are shown in Table 1.

Survival (%) = number of survivors/number of treated samples x100%

TABLE 1 growth of passion fruit after grafting flower buds

	Number of survivors	Survival rate of	Whether or not to bloom	Can fruit
					Conventional grafting	24	80.00％	Can develop bud	Unable to fruit
Cutting process	14	46.67％	Can develop bud	Unable to fruit
					Example 1	27	90.00％	Can develop bud	Can individually fruit
Example 2	26	86.67％	Can develop bud	Can individually fruit
					Example 3	26	86.67％	Can develop bud	Can individually fruit
Example 4	26	86.67％	Can develop bud	Can individually fruit

TABLE 2 growth of passion fruit after grafting of leaf buds

As can be seen from Table 1, the conventional grafting method grafts the flower bud and branch of passion fruit, and most of the passion fruit can survive and can develop buds, but fruit bearing is difficult to realize. The survival rate of the cutting flower buds and branches is low, the buds can also develop, but fruiting is still difficult to realize. Meanwhile, in the experimental process, the cutting seedlings are easy to be infected, have poor stress resistance and are not suitable for large-scale planting. The grafting method of the flower bud and branch has higher survival rate, the flower bud can be developed, and the fruit can be obtained by individual scions, so that the flowering and fruit bearing time of the grafted seedling is greatly shortened.

In addition, the grafting method directly carries out grafting on the passion fruit plants which are already put on the shelf, the processes of transplanting, seedling reviving, put on the shelf growing and the like are not needed after grafting, the passion fruit plants which are already put on the shelf are obtained after grafting survival, the cultivation time is only needed to be 10-21 days, and the cultivation time is greatly shortened compared with the conventional grafting and cutting.

Second, effect comparison of different grafting methods

The method comprises the steps of selecting passion fruit plants planted in the same batch as a stock, respectively selecting lateral buds on nutrition branches with the same length on passion fruit plants planted in the same variety and same batch and basically consistent in growth vigor as scions, and respectively grafting by adopting different grafting methods, wherein 50 scions are grafted by each method. The number of scions and the time of grafting survival (calculated from the grafting day, the time of growing new buds, and the following survival time are all counted according to the method) of grafting survival of each method are counted, the survival rate of grafting is calculated, and the influence of different grafting methods on the grafting effect is compared.

The grafting method comprises the following steps:

method 1: grafting was performed by the method of example 1;

method 2: the branches of the stock are not truncated and are directly grafted at the position corresponding to the embodiment 1;

method 3: shortening the branches of the stock, and directly grafting after shortening;

method 4: according to the method of example 1, the branches of the stock are truncated and grafting is carried out between the internodes in front of the lateral buds after lateral buds grow out from the remaining internodes.

Method 5: referring to the method of example 1, the branches of the stock are cut back, lateral buds are cut off after lateral buds grow out of the reserved internodes, and internode grafting is performed in front of the positions where the lateral buds grow out.

Method 6: referring to the method of example 1, the branches of the stock are cut back, after lateral buds grow out from the remaining internodes, the lateral buds are cut off along with a part of internodes behind the lateral buds, and grafting is carried out on the remaining internodes by adopting a transverse cutting mode.

Table 3 grafting survival rates and scion growth conditions for different grafting methods are shown in the following table.

Grafting method	Grafting survival number	Grafting survival rate (%)	Grafting survival time (Tian)
				Method 1	48	96	10-21
Method 2	40	80	17-32
				Method 3	37	74	15-30
Method 4	39	78	10-20
				Method 5	38	76	16-31
Method 6	40	80	16-21

Comparing the data of Table 3, the method described in example 1 not only achieved 96% grafting survival, but also a shorter grafting survival time of 10-20 days. The grafting methods described in methods 2-6 have a grafting survival rate of 80% at the highest (methods 2 and 6), but the time required for grafting survival in method 2 is at least 17 days, and the grafting survival time in method 6 is at least 16 days, all significantly higher than in example 1. In scheme 4, the grafting survival time is short, but the grafting survival rate is only 78%, which is obviously lower than the application. Therefore, compared with other treatment groups, the grafting method of the embodiment 1 of the invention can not only shorten the grafting survival time, but also remarkably improve the grafting survival rate.

Thirdly, screening different grafting treatment conditions

(1) Influence of scion Length on grafting survival Rate

The passion fruit plants cultivated in the same batch are selected as the stocks, the scions with different lengths are respectively selected from the passion fruit plants cultivated in the same batch and basically consistent in growth vigor, grafting is carried out by adopting the method of the embodiment 1, and 20 scions are grafted in each treatment. The grafting survival rate and the time required for grafting survival (growth of new buds) were counted, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 4 Effect of scion Length on grafting

Scion length	Number of surviving scions	Grafting survival rate (%)	Grafting survival time (Tian)
				3-5 cm	19	95	10-20
6-10 cm	18	90	10-20
				11-15 cm	15	75	15-30

The scion length is 3-15 cm, the grafting survival time is not obviously different, but the grafting survival rate of scions with the length of 3-10cm can reach more than 90%, and is obviously higher than that of scions with the length of 11-15 cm, so that the scion length is 3-10cm in the invention.

(2) Influence of lateral bud length on grafting survival rate

Selecting passion fruit plants cultivated in the same batch, cutting off branches to leave 1 lateral bud as a stock, respectively picking scions with the same length from passion fruit plants cultivated in the same batch and basically consistent in growth vigor when the lateral buds grow to different lengths, grafting by adopting the method of the embodiment 1, and grafting 20 scions in each treatment. The grafting survival rate and the time required for grafting survival (growth of new buds) were counted, and the specific results are shown in Table 1. The specific results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 5 influence of lateral bud Length on grafting

Lateral bud length (cm)	Number of surviving scions	Grafting survival rate (%)	Grafting survival time (Tian)
				0	4	20	12-25
1	15	75	10-23
				2	18	90	11-20
3	19	95	10-20
				4	16	80	9-23
5	16	80	10-22

As shown in Table 5, the length of the lateral bud is more than 1cm, the grafting survival time is not greatly different, but the length of the scion is 2-3cm, the grafting survival rate can reach more than 90%, and the grafting survival rate is obviously higher than that of other treatment groups, so that the grafting is carried out when the lateral bud grows out by 2-3 cm.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

1. The passion fruit high-joint head changing method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

selecting passion fruit branches which grow normally after being put on a frame as a stock, and grafting according to the following grafting method:

(1) Selecting buds on passion fruit plants as scions, cutting V-shaped grooves with the length of 0.5-1cm by using a craft knife at grafting interfaces of scions, wherein the scions are 3-10cm long and 2-3 tender leaves;

(2) Selecting normally grown passion fruit branches on passion fruit plants as stocks, and carrying out truncating treatment on the branches to leave 1-4 lateral buds; after the reserved lateral buds grow out by 2-5cm, selecting internodes of the lateral buds close to one side of the branches, cutting a V-shaped groove for grafting, wherein the depth of the groove is 1/3-1/2 of the diameter of the stock, and ensuring that the lateral buds can continue to grow; removing the rest lateral buds on the stock;

(3) Cutting the base of the scion into a V shape corresponding to the stock, and placing the scion in the center of the cut; ensuring the scion and the phloem of the stock to be tightly attached;

(4) Winding and fixing the junction of the scion and the stock by using a fixing material; when fixing, the buds on the scions are avoided when the fixing materials are wound;

(5) After the fixing, covering the scion and the joint by using a self-sealing bag, and sealing the scion and the joint so that the scion and the joint are left in the self-sealing bag;

(6) And after the joint heals and the new scion leaves emerge, removing the wound and fixed material, and simultaneously removing lateral buds on the stock, and only keeping buds of the scion part.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the buds are side buds or top buds.

3. The method for high grafting and changing a passion fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the groove on the stock is completed by adopting the following operations: cutting the stock at 30 degree angle with a craft knife, cutting down to 0.5-1cm length, and cutting the stem to 1/3-1/2 depth to generate a small groove.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (4), the fixing material is an elastic sealable material.

5. The method for high grafting and changing a passion fruit as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fixing material is a preservative film, a sealing film or a polyethylene adhesive tape.

6. The method for high grafting and changing the head of passion fruit according to claim 1, which is applied to the rapid and efficient screening of the characters of passion fruit.

7. The rapid and efficient passion fruit trait screening method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) Taking top buds or side buds of passion fruit seedlings to be screened as scions, and grafting different scions on the same stock by adopting the passion fruit high grafting head changing method according to any one of claims 1-4;

(2) Removing lateral buds on the stock after the scion survives, and culturing buds of the scion part until the scion flowers and fruits; and selecting passion fruit seeds or strains with required characters according to the result conditions on different scions.

8. The method for rapid and efficient screening of passion fruit traits according to claim 7, wherein in the step (1), each stock is grafted with at least 2 scions prepared from different seedlings.