CN112227080A - 一种多功能涂层布及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种多功能涂层布及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112227080A
CN112227080A CN202010955230.9A CN202010955230A CN112227080A CN 112227080 A CN112227080 A CN 112227080A CN 202010955230 A CN202010955230 A CN 202010955230A CN 112227080 A CN112227080 A CN 112227080A
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coating
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CN112227080B (zh
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吴飞
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Songzi Xingfei New Material Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种多功能涂层布及其制备方法，包括聚酯纤维基布，超疏水涂层、红外发射涂层、PVC涂层以及自清洁防水层。通过在基布表面制备多层功能涂层，并对涂层组成进行了优化，最终得到具有良好的防污自清洁、耐候性、柔韧性以及抗拉伸强度高等性能的多功能涂层布，能够广泛生产应用，满足市场需求。

Description

一种多功能涂层布及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及布制备技术领域，特别涉及多功能涂层布及其制备方法。
背景技术
功能性涂层布广泛应用于工业、农业和生活中，其中帆布、篷布等是最为常见的、而且用途最广的，在生产中具有良好的经济效益。市场上也有着各式各样的帆布、篷布，主要是基布表面涂覆了一层PVC胶层，通常是基础PVC树脂与邻苯二甲酸酯等类型增塑剂混合获得得。而处于室外用的布都存在着阳光暴晒、雨水灰尘污染的问题，由于挥发等原因而导致其中部分或全部无法迁移，从而失去初始性能，导致耐候性、耐磨性和耐寒性等特性严重下降。
如何制备具有优异性能的布仍然是现有技术研究的重点。
发明内容
为了满足市场需求，本发明提供了一种多功能涂层布及其制备方法，多功能布具有良好的防污自清洁、耐候性、柔韧性以及抗拉伸强度高等性能，有效提高了使用寿命，可广泛应用于工业、农业和生活。
为了实现本发明目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种多功能涂层布，包括聚酯纤维基布，超疏水涂层、红外发射涂层、PVC涂层以及自清洁防水层。
进一步地，所述超疏水涂层厚度为0.1-0.5mm。
进一步地，所述红外发射涂层厚度为0.5-1mm。
进一步地，所述PVC涂层厚度为1-3mm。
进一步地，所述自清洁防水层0.5-1mm。
一种多功能涂层布的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)、选取聚酯纤维，设置经纱线密度和纬纱线密度在双轴向经编机上对聚酯纤维进行编织得到基布。
(2)、将基布至于0.1-0.5mol/L NaOH溶液中羟基化处理1-3min，使得基布表面形成羟基。
(3)超疏水涂层制备：将具有氨基官能团的硅烷偶联剂溶解于无水乙醇中配置浓度为0.01-0.05mol/L的溶液并水解12-24h、加入0.02-0.1g纳米二氧化钛颗粒，搅拌均匀；将经步骤(2)处理的基布浸入至上述溶液中3-5min，取出后在40-60℃下干燥，即在基布表面形成超疏水涂层。
(4)红外发射涂层制备：将40-60份热固性有机硅树脂、10-15份丁基橡胶分散于20-50份丙三醇溶剂中，加热并搅拌过程中加入10-20份氧化铝粉末、5-10份石墨烯粉末，将经步骤(3)处理的基布浸入至上述溶液中3-5min，取出后在50-80℃下干燥，即在超疏水涂层表面形成红外发射涂层。
(5)、PVC涂层制备：按照100-120份的PVC糊树脂、15-30份1,2-环己烷二甲酸二异壬酯、10-20份己二酸二异癸酯、5-10份环氧大豆油、1-5份钡锌复合稳定剂、0.5-1份丁二烯、0.5-1份N-苯基-N’-异丙基对苯二胺以及5-10份碳纤维搅拌混合均匀制备刮涂胶料，利用刮刀涂覆设备多组辊筒将基布并保持均衡的张力牵引至胶料出口将胶料刮涂至基布两面上；然后立即通立式炉进行塑化、经由炉外水冷。
(6)、自清洁防水层制备：将2-5g纳米二氧化硅颗粒分散于80-150mL无水乙醇中超声处理20-30min形成稳定的二氧化硅悬浮液，在基布表面均匀喷涂粘合剂后再将二氧化硅悬浮液喷涂至表面、重复2-3次后置于60-80℃烘箱中干燥10-30min。
(7)切边、剪裁。
进一步地，步骤(5)中所述立式炉的炉温120-200℃、基布传送速度为50-100cm/min、涂覆量为300-500g/m2。
进一步的，步骤(1)中经纱线密度为12-15根/cm、纬纱线密度为15-20根/cm、编织质量为100-400g/m2。
进一步的，步骤(3)中所述硅烷偶联剂选自3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷，3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷，N-(2-氨乙基)-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或多种。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益技术效果：
1、通过在基布表面制备多层功能涂层，并对涂层组成进行了优化，最终得到具有良好的防污自清洁、耐候性、柔韧性以及抗拉伸强度高等性能的多功能涂层布，能够广泛生产应用，满足市场需求。
2、本发明PVC涂层中不使用邻苯二甲酸酯等类型增塑剂，可以避免迁移性差的问题，本发明使用的增塑剂1,2-环己烷二甲酸二异壬酯具有优异的耐挥发性、耐热性、不含苯环结构、无毒环保、友好环境；己二酸二异癸酯是一种耐寒型增塑剂，在一定程度上可以提高基布涂层的耐寒性能；另外，环氧大豆油与PVC糊树脂具有良好的相容性，属于极性较弱的大分子类型增塑剂，可以在温度升高时削弱PVC糊树脂分子间的范德华力，能够提高PVC糊树脂的塑性。本发明通过三种类型的增塑剂的共同使用，显著提高涂层的性能。
3、本发明通过在基布表面预先形成羟基位点，有利于后续含有氨基官能团的硅烷偶联剂中的氨基与羟基之间发生反应，在基布表面形成共价键，进而有效的提高超疏水涂层与基布之间的结合力。
4、本发明通过在基布表面制备红外发射涂层，可有效反射太阳光中的红外光并通过辐射散热形式避免基布吸收过多热量，从而起到隔热、降温作用，能够避免多功能布遮蔽环境的温度过大的升高，这使得可以广泛应用于生活中。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下实施例，对本发明进行进一步的详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不限定本发明。
实施例1
一种多功能涂层布及其制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)、选取聚酯纤维，设置经纱线密度和纬纱线密度在双轴向经编机上对聚酯纤维进行编织得到基布。经纱线密度为12根/cm、纬纱线密度为15根/cm、编织质量为100g/m2。
(2)、将基布至于0.1mol/L NaOH溶液中羟基化处理1min，使得基布表面形成羟基。
(3)超疏水涂层制备：将3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷溶解于无水乙醇中配置浓度为0.01mol/L的溶液并水解12h、加入0.02g纳米二氧化钛颗粒，搅拌均匀；将经步骤(2)处理的基布浸入至上述溶液中3min，取出后在40℃下干燥，即在基布表面形成超疏水涂层。
(4)红外发射涂层制备：将40份热固性有机硅树脂、10份丁基橡胶分散于20份丙三醇溶剂中，加热并搅拌过程中加入10份氧化铝粉末、5份石墨烯粉末，将经步骤(3)处理的基布浸入至上述溶液中3min，取出后在50℃下干燥，即在超疏水涂层表面形成红外发射涂层。
(5)、PVC涂层制备：按照100份的PVC糊树脂、15份1,2-环己烷二甲酸二异壬酯、10份己二酸二异癸酯(阻燃增塑剂)、5份环氧大豆油、1份钡锌复合稳定剂、0.5份丁二烯、0.5份N-苯基-N’-异丙基对苯二胺以及5份碳纤维搅拌混合均匀制备刮涂胶料，利用刮刀涂覆设备多组辊筒将基布并保持均衡的张力牵引至胶料出口将胶料刮涂至基布两面上；然后立即通立式炉进行塑化、经由炉外水冷。所述立式炉的炉温120℃、基布传送速度为50cm/min、涂覆量为500g/m2。
(6)、自清洁防水层制备：将2g纳米二氧化硅颗粒分散于80mL无水乙醇中超声处理20min形成稳定的二氧化硅悬浮液，在基布表面均匀喷涂粘合剂后再将二氧化硅悬浮液喷涂至表面、重复2次后置于60℃烘箱中干燥10min。
(7)切边、剪裁。
即得到聚酯纤维基布、超疏水涂层、红外发射涂层、PVC涂层以及自清洁防水层结构多功能布。
实施例2
一种多功能涂层布及其制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)、选取聚酯纤维，设置经纱线密度和纬纱线密度在双轴向经编机上对聚酯纤维进行编织得到基布。经纱线密度为15根/cm、纬纱线密度为20根/cm、编织质量为400g/m2。
(2)、将基布至于0.5mol/L NaOH溶液中羟基化处理3min，使得基布表面形成羟基。
(3)超疏水涂层制备：将3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷溶解于无水乙醇中配置浓度为0.05mol/L的溶液并水解24h、加入0.1g纳米二氧化钛颗粒，搅拌均匀；将经步骤(2)处理的基布浸入至上述溶液中5min，取出后在60℃下干燥，即在基布表面形成超疏水涂层。
(4)红外发射涂层制备：将60份热固性有机硅树脂、15份丁基橡胶分散于50份丙三醇溶剂中，加热并搅拌过程中加入20份氧化铝粉末、10份石墨烯粉末，将经步骤(3)处理的基布浸入至上述溶液中5min，取出后在80℃下干燥，即在超疏水涂层表面形成红外发射涂层。
(5)、PVC涂层制备：按照120份的PVC糊树脂、30份1,2-环己烷二甲酸二异壬酯、20份己二酸二异癸酯、10份环氧大豆油、5份钡锌复合稳定剂、1份丁二烯、1份N-苯基-N’-异丙基对苯二胺以及10份碳纤维搅拌混合均匀制备刮涂胶料，利用刮刀涂覆设备多组辊筒将基布并保持均衡的张力牵引至胶料出口将胶料刮涂至基布两面上；然后立即通立式炉进行塑化、经由炉外水冷。
(6)、自清洁防水层制备：将5g纳米二氧化硅颗粒分散于150mL无水乙醇中超声处理30min形成稳定的二氧化硅悬浮液，在基布表面均匀喷涂粘合剂后再将二氧化硅悬浮液喷涂至表面、重复3次后置于80℃烘箱中干燥30min。
(7)切边、剪裁。
即得到聚酯纤维基布、超疏水涂层、红外发射涂层、PVC涂层以及自清洁防水层结构多功能布。
实施例3
一种多功能涂层布及其制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)、选取聚酯纤维，设置经纱线密度和纬纱线密度在双轴向经编机上对聚酯纤维进行编织得到基布。经纱线密度为14根/cm、纬纱线密度为18根/cm、编织质量为310g/m2。
(2)、将基布至于0.3mol/L NaOH溶液中羟基化处理2min，使得基布表面形成羟基。
(3)超疏水涂层制备：将N-(2-氨乙基)-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷溶解于无水乙醇中配置浓度为0.03mol/L的溶液并水解18h、加入0.5g纳米二氧化钛颗粒，搅拌均匀；将经步骤(2)处理的基布浸入至上述溶液中4min，取出后在50℃下干燥，即在基布表面形成超疏水涂层。
(4)红外发射涂层制备：将50份热固性有机硅树脂、12份丁基橡胶分散于30份丙三醇溶剂中，加热并搅拌过程中加入15份氧化铝粉末、8份石墨烯粉末，将经步骤(3)处理的基布浸入至上述溶液中4min，取出后在60℃下干燥，即在超疏水涂层表面形成红外发射涂层。
(5)、PVC涂层制备：按照110份的PVC糊树脂、20份1,2-环己烷二甲酸二异壬酯、15份己二酸二异癸酯、8份环氧大豆油、3份钡锌复合稳定剂、1份丁二烯、1份N-苯基-N’-异丙基对苯二胺以及8份碳纤维搅拌混合均匀制备刮涂胶料，利用刮刀涂覆设备多组辊筒将基布并保持均衡的张力牵引至胶料出口将胶料刮涂至基布两面上；然后立即通立式炉进行塑化、经由炉外水冷。
(6)、自清洁防水层制备：将4g纳米二氧化硅颗粒分散于120mL无水乙醇中超声处理25min形成稳定的二氧化硅悬浮液，在基布表面均匀喷涂粘合剂后再将二氧化硅悬浮液喷涂至表面、重复2次后置于70℃烘箱中干燥20min。
(7)切边、剪裁。
即得到聚酯纤维基布、超疏水涂层、红外发射涂层、PVC涂层以及自清洁防水层结构多功能布。
对实施例1-3得到的多功能布进行各项指标测试。
1、剥离强度测试：按照国标GB/T2791-1995进行测试，测试条件为：拉伸速度120mm/min、夹持距离80mm、试样尺寸100mm×20mm；测试温度分别为室温、100℃、150℃。试验结果记录于表1。
表1
室温(N/5cm) 100℃(N/5cm) 150℃(N/5cm)
实施例1 1715 1468 1270
实施例2 1721 1386 1353
实施例3 1689 1503 1247
上述结果表面，本发明所制备的多功能布具有优异的抗剥离强度，而且在较高温度下仍然保持良好的抗剥离强度。说明可以满足太阳曝晒的环境应用。
2、采用数显电子式拉力试验机分别测量多功能布的经向和纬向断裂强力。试验结果记录于表2。
表2
径向断裂强度(N) 径向断裂强度(N)
实施例1 2568 1568
实施例2 2489 1786
实施例3 2544 1712
通过拉力试验的测试结果可知，本申请制备得到的多功能布具有优异的抗断裂性能。
3、利用普通织物燃烧实验方法测量多功能布的阻燃性能。试验结果记录于表3。
表3
Figure BDA0002678368190000071
通过燃烧实验的测试结果可知，本申请制备得到的多功能布具有优异的阻燃性能。
4、接触角测试。测试得到实施例1-3的多功能布的接触角分别为157.7°、152.3°、161.5。测试结果表明表面呈疏水性，说明本发明制备的多功能布具有良好的自清洁性能。
5、将多功能布置于紫外灯光源下进行人工老化测试，光照强度10W/m2、光照20h、关闭光照4h，循环持续测试。记录黄度指数、涂层裂纹情况，结果记录于表4。
表4
Figure BDA0002678368190000072
测试结果表明，在高强度光照下本发明多功能布依然保持优异的耐候性能。
6、采用红外反射率测量仪测量实施例1-3制备的多功能布的表面反射率，测试结果记录于表5.
表5
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3
红外反射率(％) 77.4 70.9 74.1
上述测量结果表明，本发明制备的多功能布涂层具有良好的红外反射性能，能够有效反射红外光线，避免基布吸收过多热量，从而起到隔热、降温作用，能够避免多功能布遮蔽环境的温度过大的升高，这使得可以广泛应用于生活中。
7、为了考察基布羟基化对基布涂层的结合力影响，本发明按照实施例1的步骤做对比例1，其中省略步骤(2)。并对制备得到的基布涂层进行剥离实验。本发明实施例1的制备的基布涂层的剥离强度为78.4N/mm，而对比例1制备的基布涂层的剥离强度为51.7N/mm。由此可见，羟基化步骤可以明显提高基布涂层的结合力，涂层更不易脱落，从而使得多功能布的使用寿命提高。
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种多功能涂层布，其特征在于，包括聚酯纤维基布，超疏水涂层、红外发射涂层、PVC涂层以及自清洁防水层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多功能涂层布，其特征在于，所述超疏水涂层厚度为0.1-0.5mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多功能涂层布，其特征在于，所述红外发射涂层厚度为0.5-1mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多功能涂层布，其特征在于，所述PVC涂层厚度为1-3mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的多功能涂层布，其特征在于，所述自清洁防水层0.5-1mm。
6.一种如权利要求1-5任一项所述多功能涂层布的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）、选取聚酯纤维，设置经纱线密度和纬纱线密度在双轴向经编机上对聚酯纤维进行编织得到基布；
（2）、将基布至于0.1-0.5mol/L NaOH溶液中羟基化处理1-3min，使得基布表面形成羟基；
（3）超疏水涂层制备：将具有氨基官能团的硅烷偶联剂溶解于无水乙醇中配置浓度为0.01-0.05 mol/L的溶液并水解12-24h、加入0.02-0.1g纳米二氧化钛颗粒，搅拌均匀；将经步骤（2）处理的基布浸入至上述溶液中3-5min，取出后在40-60℃下干燥，即在基布表面形成超疏水涂层；
（4）红外发射涂层制备：将40-60份热固性有机硅树脂、10-15份丁基橡胶分散于20-50份丙三醇溶剂中，加热并搅拌过程中加入10-20份氧化铝粉末、5-10份石墨烯粉末，将经步骤（3）处理的基布浸入至上述溶液中3-5min，取出后在50-80℃下干燥，即在超疏水涂层表面形成红外发射涂层；
（5）、PVC涂层制备：按照100-120份的PVC糊树脂、15-30份1,2-环己烷二甲酸二异壬酯、10-20份己二酸二异癸酯、5-10份环氧大豆油、1-5份钡锌复合稳定剂、0.5-1份丁二烯、0.5-1份N-苯基-N’-异丙基对苯二胺以及5-10份碳纤维搅拌混合均匀制备刮涂胶料，利用刮刀涂覆设备多组辊筒将基布并保持均衡的张力牵引至胶料出口将胶料刮涂至基布两面上；然后立即通立式炉进行塑化、经由炉外水冷；
（6）、自清洁防水层制备：将2-5g纳米二氧化硅颗粒分散于80-150mL无水乙醇中超声处理20-30min形成稳定的二氧化硅悬浮液，在基布表面均匀喷涂粘合剂后再将二氧化硅悬浮液喷涂至表面、重复2-3次后置于60-80℃烘箱中干燥10-30min；
（7）切边、剪裁。
7.根据权利要求6所述的多功能涂层布的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（5）中所述立式炉的炉温120-200℃、基布传送速度为50-100cm/min、涂覆量为300-500g/m2。
8.根据权利要求6所述的多功能涂层布的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中经纱线密度为12-15根/cm、纬纱线密度为15-20根/cm、编织质量为100-400g/m2。
9.根据权利要求6所述的多功能涂层布的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中所述硅烷偶联剂选自3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷，3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷，N-(2-氨乙基)-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或多种。
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