CN112159234A - 一种高熵陶瓷粉体及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种高熵陶瓷粉体及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于陶瓷材料领域,公开了一种高熵陶瓷粉体及其制备方法和应用。该方法是将Hf(NO3)4、Zr(NO3)4、Ti(NO3)4、TaO(NO3)3、NbO(NO3)3和无定形硼混合,加入无水乙醇和分散剂,调节pH至9~10,在70~90℃搅拌加热,然后干燥后研磨,在保护气氛下600~800℃热处理,研磨过筛后压成坯体在保护气氛下1400~1600℃煅烧,研磨过筛得到高熵陶瓷粉体;其分子式为(HfxZryTizTanNbm)B2,0≤x≤1,0≤y≤1,0≤z≤1,0≤n≤1,0≤m≤1,且满足x+y+z+n+m=1。该方法简单、反应温和且绿色环保,该粉体均匀且粒径较细,有利于高熵陶瓷的烧结。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高熵陶瓷技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种高熵陶瓷粉体及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
超高温陶瓷硼化物ZrB2、TiB2、HfB2等具有良好的热稳定性以及化学稳定性,引起了研究者的极大关注,其成为超音速飞行(空气中温度1400℃以上)、大气层再入(在氧原子、氮原子环境中,2000℃以上)、火箭发动机(化学反应气氛中,3000℃以上)等极端环境下的候选材料。由于其熔点都在3000℃以上,在1200℃以上仍具有较好的强度、良好的抗热震性。因此,其有希望应用于机翼前缘等需要在极端环境下使用的部件。现在研究者正致力于研究怎样进一步提高其性能,以适应在极端环境下的应用。制备成固溶体可以有效提高材料的性能,近年来高熵陶瓷材料由于其熵值大,体系内部存在很多位错,引起了研究者的兴趣。材料的性能有很大的改善,具有高硬度、高韧性、抗腐蚀等优异的性质,是应用于航空航天、超高速再入飞行器、核反应堆等领域的非常有前景的材料。
目前,大多数均采用机械球磨法,将各种粉体材料球磨混合得到高熵粉体,这种方法时效长,能耗高,而且在球磨过程中容易带入杂质,影响了粉体的品质,也影响了后续高熵陶瓷的制备,然而在超高温高熵陶瓷领域尚未报道过相关化学法制备的粉体。
发明内容
为了解决上述现有技术存在的不足和缺点,本发明提供一种高熵陶瓷粉体的制备方法,该方法工艺简便,绿色环保,时效短,不会引入杂质,是安全可靠且优化的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述方法制备的高熵陶瓷粉体。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述高熵陶瓷粉体的应用。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案来实现:
一种高熵陶瓷粉体的制备方法,包括如下具体步骤:
S1.将Hf(NO3)4、Zr(NO3)4、Ti(NO3)4、TaO(NO3)3、NbO(NO3)3和无定形硼混合,加入无水乙醇和分散剂,滴加碱溶液调节pH至9~10,搅拌条件下在70~90℃加热,制得干凝胶;
S2.干燥后研磨过筛,在保护气氛下600~800℃热处理,取样研磨过筛后,干压成坯体;
S3.将坯体在保护气氛下1400~1600℃煅烧,研磨过筛,得到高熵陶瓷粉体;所述高熵陶瓷粉体的分子式为(HfxZryTizTanNbm)B2,所述0≤x≤1,0≤y≤1,0≤z≤1,0≤n≤1,0≤m≤1,且满足x+y+z+n+m=1。
优选地,步骤S1中所述分散剂为柠檬酸铵或聚乙二醇。
优选地,步骤S1中所述碱溶液为氨水或氢氧化钠。
优选地,步骤S1中所述Hf(NO3)4、Zr(NO3)4、Ti(NO3)4、TaO(NO3)3、NbO(NO3)3和无定形硼的总量、无水乙醇和分散剂的摩尔比为1:(1.5~3):(0.5~2)。
优选地,步骤S1中所述搅拌的速率为800~1000r/min,所述搅拌的时间为1~3h。
优选地,步骤S2中所述热处理的时间为1~3h;步骤S3中所述煅烧的时间为0.5~2h。
优选地,步骤S2和S3中所述保护气氛为真空、氩气或氮气。
一种高熵陶瓷粉体是由上述的方法制备得到。
优选地,所述高熵陶瓷粉体的粒径为50nm~1μm。
所述的高熵陶瓷粉体在超高温极限领域中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1.本发明采用各金属盐混合制备(HfxZryTizTanNbm)B2高熵粉体的工艺简便,绿色环保,时效短,不会引入杂质;无水乙醇处理方式促进了产物的快速结晶,降低产物的颗粒尺寸。
2.本发明的无水乙醇处理后粉体经烘干煅烧,安全性强,对设备要求不高,采用无水乙醇处理以及引入添加剂,可以增大该高熵粉体的比表面积,是安全可靠且优化的制备方法。
3.本发明制得的高熵陶瓷粉体均匀且粒径较细,有利于后续高熵陶瓷的烧结。
附图说明
图1为实施例1所得的(Hf0.2Zr0.2Ti0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)B2高熵陶瓷粉体的XRD图;
图2为实施例1所得的(Hf0.2Zr0.2Ti0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)B2高熵陶瓷粉体的SEM照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明的内容,但不应理解为对本发明的限制。若未特别指明,实施例中所用的技术手段为本领域技术人员所熟知的常规手段。除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
实施例1
1.将9.86g Hf(NO3)4、8.59g Zr(NO3)4、8.42g Ti(NO3)4、8.86g TaO(NO3)3、6.82gNbO(NO3)3和5g无定形硼粉混合,加入到8.6205g无水乙醇中,然后加入0.19g聚乙二醇,滴加氨水调节pH至10,在80℃以1000r/min磁力搅拌2h,得到干凝胶;
2.用无水乙醇过滤洗涤干凝胶,真空干燥后研磨过筛,在真空条件下,650℃热处理2h,随炉降温后,取出样品研磨过筛后,用压片机用2t立干压成坯体,
3.将坯体在真空条件下1600℃煅烧1h,随炉降温冷却后取出,研磨过筛,得到(Hf0.2Zr0.2Ti0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)B2高熵陶瓷粉体。
图1为实施例1所得的(Hf0.2Zr0.2Ti0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)B2高熵陶瓷粉体的XRD图。从图1中可知,制得粉体呈现出Hf-Zr-Ti-Ta-Nb-B固溶体衍射峰。图2为实施例1所得的到(Hf0.2Zr0.2Ti0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)B2高熵陶瓷粉体的SEM照片。根据图2中计算,(Hf0.2Zr0.2Ti0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)B2高熵陶瓷粉体的平均粒径为346nm。
实施例2
1.将9.86g Hf(NO3)4、8.59g Zr(NO3)4、8.42g Ti(NO3)4、8.86g TaO(NO3)3、6.82gNbO(NO3)3和5g无定形硼粉加入到8.6205g无水乙醇中,加入0.48g柠檬酸铵,滴加氨水调节pH到10,在80℃以800r/min磁力搅拌2h,得到干凝胶。
2.用无水乙醇过滤洗涤干凝胶,经真空干燥后研磨过筛,在真空条件下,650℃煅烧2h,随炉降温后,取出样品研磨过筛,用压片机用2t立干压成坯体,
3.将坯体在真空条件下1500℃煅烧1h,然后随炉降温冷却后取出,研磨过筛,得到(Hf0.2Zr0.2Ti0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)B2高熵陶瓷粉体,所述高熵陶瓷粉体的平均粒径为286nm。
实施例3
1.将9.86g Hf(NO3)4、8.59g Zr(NO3)4、8.42g Ti(NO3)4、8.86g TaO(NO3)3、6.82gNbO(NO3)3和5g无定形硼粉加入到8.6205g无水乙醇中,加入0.28g聚乙二醇,滴加氨水调节pH到10,在80℃以900r/min磁力搅拌2h,得到干凝胶。
2.加入无水乙醇过滤洗涤后,真空干燥后研磨过筛,在真空条件下,650℃热处理2h,随炉降温后,取出样品研磨过筛后,用压片机用2t立干压成坯体;
3.将坯体在真空条件下1600℃煅烧1h,然后随炉降温冷却后取出,研磨过筛,得到(Hf0.2Zr0.2Ti0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)B2高熵陶瓷粉体。所述高熵陶瓷粉体的粒径为462nm。
实施例4
1.将9.86g Hf(NO3)4、8.59gZr(NO3)4、8.42gTi(NO3)4、8.86gTaO(NO3)3、6.82gNbO(NO3)3和5g无定形硼粉加入到8.6205g无水乙醇中,加入0.28g聚乙二醇,滴加氨水调节pH到10,在80℃以1000r/min磁力搅拌2h,得到干凝胶。
2.用无水乙醇过滤洗涤干凝胶,经真空干燥后研磨过筛,在真空条件下,650℃热处理2h,随炉降温后,取出样品研磨过筛后,用压片机用2t立干压成坯体;
3.将坯体在氩气气氛下1600℃煅烧1h,然后随炉降温冷却后取出,研磨过筛,得到(Hf0.2Zr0.2Ti0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)B2高熵陶瓷粉体,所述高熵陶瓷粉体的粒径为438nm。
本发明采用各金属盐混合制备(HfxZryTizTanNbm)B2高熵粉体的工艺简便,绿色环保,时效短,不会引入杂质;无水乙醇处理方式促进了产物的快速结晶,降低产物的颗粒尺寸,该高熵陶瓷粉体的。该高熵陶瓷粉体均匀且粒径较细,其粒径为50nm~1μm,这有利于后续高熵陶瓷的烧结。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合和简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种高熵陶瓷粉体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下具体步骤:
S1.将Hf(NO3)4、Zr(NO3)4、Ti(NO3)4、TaO(NO3)3、NbO(NO3)3和无定形硼混合,加入无水乙醇和分散剂,滴加碱溶液调节pH至9~10,在70~90℃下搅拌加热,制得干凝胶;
S2.用无水乙醇过滤洗涤干凝胶,干燥后研磨过筛,在保护气氛下600~800℃热处理,取样研磨过筛后,干压成坯体;
S3.将坯体在保护气氛下1400~1600℃煅烧,研磨过筛,得到高熵陶瓷粉体;所述高熵陶瓷粉体的分子式为(HfxZryTizTanNbm)B2,所述0≤x≤1,0≤y≤1,0≤z≤1,0≤n≤1,0≤m≤1,且满足x+y+z+n+m=1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高熵陶瓷粉体的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述分散剂为柠檬酸铵或聚乙二醇。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高熵陶瓷粉体的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述碱溶液为氨水或氢氧化钠。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高熵陶瓷粉体的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述Hf(NO3)4、Zr(NO3)4、Ti(NO3)4、TaO(NO3)3、NbO(NO3)3和无定形硼的总量、无水乙醇和分散剂的摩尔比为1:(1.5~3):(0.5~2)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高熵陶瓷粉体的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中所述搅拌的速率为800~1000r/min,所述搅拌的时间为1~3h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高熵陶瓷粉体的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中所述热处理的时间为1~3h;步骤S3中所述煅烧的时间为0.5~2h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高熵陶瓷粉体的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2和S3中所述保护气氛为真空、氩气或氮气。
8.一种高熵陶瓷粉体,其特征在于,所述高熵陶瓷粉体是由权利要求1-7任一项所述的方法制备得到。
9.根据权利要求8所述的高熵陶瓷粉体,其特征在于,所述高熵陶瓷粉体的粒径为50nm~1μm。
10.权利要求8或9所述的高熵陶瓷粉体在超高温极限领域中的应用。
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