WO2019184196A1 - Method for growing grafted cherry blossom sapling - Google Patents

Method for growing grafted cherry blossom sapling Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019184196A1
WO2019184196A1 PCT/CN2018/100279 CN2018100279W WO2019184196A1 WO 2019184196 A1 WO2019184196 A1 WO 2019184196A1 CN 2018100279 W CN2018100279 W CN 2018100279W WO 2019184196 A1 WO2019184196 A1 WO 2019184196A1
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branches
cherry
seedlings
grafted
cultivating
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PCT/CN2018/100279
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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巫建新
周余华
刘春风
张虎
刘卫
胡修武
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江苏农林职业技术学院
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Publication of WO2019184196A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019184196A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30—Grafting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the cultivation of cherry seedlings, in particular to a method for cultivating cherry blossom grafted seedlings.
  • Cherry (Cerasus sp.) is a general name for several plants of the genus Rosaceae.
  • the sakura is native to the Himalayas in the northern hemisphere. It grows all over the world and grows mainly in Japan. Flowers 3 to 5 per branch, into umbels, apex apex, mostly white, pink. Flowers often bloom with leaves or leaves after March, and vary with the seasons. The cherry blossoms are fragrant and colorful, and are often used for garden viewing.
  • Sakura can be divided into two types: single-valve and double-valve. Single-valve can bear fruit, and most of the complex-type lobes are not fruitful.
  • cherry blossoms have been cultivated in Chinese palaces during the Qin and Han dynasties more than 2,000 years ago.
  • Cherry blossoms in the Tang Dynasty have generally appeared in private courtyards.
  • the nations came to the DPRK, and Japanese mits brought the cherry blossoms back to Dongpu, which has a history of more than 1,000 years in Japan.
  • the cherry blossom symbolizes warmth, purity and nobleness.
  • the cherry blossoms are trees, 4-16 meters high. Winter buds are ovoid, glabrous. The buds of the buds are in an alternate state. During the growth process, the shoots are more turbulent, so the shape of the canopy is oval, potted or umbrella-shaped (see Figure 1), and the branches are high in the natural state. The next is not to be determined. It is impossible to standardize the cherry blossom production specifications, and the phenomenon of missing, bending and long ends often occurs.
  • the method for cultivating cherry blossom grafted seedlings according to the present invention comprises:
  • Seedlings of rootstock seedlings In the spring, the seeds of mountain cherry blossoms are sown on the seedbed, and when the autumn leaves of the cherry blossoms begin to change color, the seedlings and fake plants are planted;
  • the roots are planted: a mountain cherry seedling having a ground diameter of 0.8 cm or more is selected as a rootstock, and the length of the main root is cut from 3/4 to 1/4, and then planted separately;
  • Pruning management of grafted seedlings including:
  • Tip treatment repair the double-tip of the plant in time, leaving the strong and straight branches as the main branch; for the phenomenon of missing the main branch, turn the top branch straight and straight; the main branch of the curved tip is tied straight;
  • step (1) before the sowing, the mountain cherry seed is layered and sterilized, and the seedling bed is applied with the decomposed organic fertilizer, and the soil is directly turned into the soil when the soil is prepared, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 2 to 4 kg/m 2 .
  • the layering treatment is a method for releasing the seed dormancy, that is, the seed is buried in the wet sand at a temperature of 1 to 10 ° C, and the treatment can be effectively released after 1 to 3 months of treatment.
  • the bed After sowing, the bed is covered with a layer of straw to strengthen the water management before germination; after the seeds are germinated, the weeds are removed in time.
  • the selection is very important, and it is directly related to whether the quality of the seedlings in the later stage is uniform, and the selected rootstocks are separately cultivated with containers.
  • the root of the rootstock can be cut to a certain length to form a large number of fibrous roots to improve the survival rate of the planting.
  • the main root of the rootstock is cut to a length of 1/2 and then densely planted on the seedbed at a density of 24 plants/m 2 .
  • the planting soil ratio in the container is composed of 10 parts of humus soil, 2 parts of perlite, and 1 kg/m 3 of compound fertilizer (N:P:K ratio: 15:15:15) in parts by weight.
  • the grafting part is 3 ⁇ 8cm on the ground, further 5cm on the ground, and the middle part of the branch of the mother plant is used for the scion.
  • the trimming management further includes conventional trimming such as trimming the branches, cross branches, dead branches, parallel branches, diseased branches, and the like of the plants.
  • the column When straightening, the column is tied and straightened, and the deep groove is formed on the stem of the seedling after the tying.
  • the rootstock of the cherry blossom is a mountain cherry.
  • roots of seedlings are formed into more fibrous roots, which promotes the luxuriance of roots, improves the survival rate of seedling transplanting, and lays a foundation for the high growth and coarse growth of seedlings.
  • the container cultivation of seedlings is conducive to the relocation during the management process, avoiding all the inconvenience caused by the planting of the seedlings, saving the cost, and facilitating the grafting of the seedlings by the workers, which is beneficial to the management of the seedling cultivation process. At the same time, it has met the requirements of the “full root crown and all weather” in the greening process.
  • the cultivation soil is more suitable for the requirements of the cherry tree to loose, ventilate and drain the soil, and rich in nutrients, satisfying the requirements of the cherry seedlings on the soil pH, nutrient composition and physical properties, so that the cherry blossom can Quickly form finished seedlings.
  • Figure 1 is a canopy trait of cherry blossoms, wherein A is umbrella-shaped, B is basin-shaped, and C is broad-oval;
  • Figure 3 is a pruning requirement for the branches within 3 years of the present invention; wherein, the 1/3 branches of the A-base portion are completely repaired, the branches of the upper part of the B-tree are repaired, and the C-tree is 1/3 higher;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the treatment of plants with missing tips according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the treatment of a plant with a curved tip according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a requirement (1) when tying the column of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a requirement (2) when tying the column of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a requirement (3) when tying the column of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 shows the phenomenon that avoidance occurs after the lashing is established
  • Figure 10 shows the requirements for branching after trimming the upper branches of the tree of the present invention.
  • a method for cultivating a high quality grafted seedling of cherry blossoms is as follows:
  • Sterilization Sprinkle 40% formalin 50mL/m 2 with water 10 ⁇ 12kg/m 2 on the soil 10d before sowing; pour the seeds into warm water at 40°C (incorporate more than 20g/20L) Bactericidal disinfection) for a day and night, then washed twice with water, to be broadcast.
  • Seeding a uniform spreading method is adopted, and the seeding amount is 25 g or 250 particles/m 2 . After sowing, cover the seedbed with a thin layer of straw to enhance water management before germination.
  • the grading is carried out according to the size of the ground diameter, and the rootstock having a ground diameter of 0.8 cm or more is selected (the ground diameter is too fine and should not be grafted).
  • the main root of the preferred seedling is cut to 1/2 of the root length (ie, 1/3 of the length of the root system from the root neck), and many fibrous roots can be formed to improve the survival rate of the planting. It is planted separately in a non-woven container, and the planting requirements are as follows.
  • the planting soil ratio in the non-woven container is 10 parts of the humus soil (the grass clippings can be pulverized into 12-size or less crumbs (what is composed of humus soil) from dead leaves or After crushing the orange bar, it is made by mixing with vegetable cake and garden soil), 2 parts of perlite, and 1 kg/m 3 of compound fertilizer (N:P:K ratio is 15:15:15).
  • the non-woven fabric container for planting has a diameter of 20 cm after loading.
  • the cultivation of rootstock seedlings is the first step in the cultivation of cherry seedlings, so improving the germination rate of rootstock seeds and cultivating robust rootstocks as soon as possible is the most important part of this link.
  • the leaves and seed coats are removed by wind selection, and then the layers are stacked with clean sand.
  • the method of stratification is to select a basket, the woven fabric is placed on the bottom layer, and then a layer of sand is seeded. Until the whole layer of the seed is placed, pay attention to the sand must be wet, not dry, layered and placed in a cool place. Take out in March, sieve out the sand, pour the seeds into warm water at 40 ° C (incorporate 20g / 20L carbendazim disinfection) for a day and night, then wash with water twice, to be broadcast.
  • the germination rate of the control is only 46.8% at the lowest.
  • the seed germination rate of only the stratification treatment is 72.3%, which is 54.5% higher than the control, and is also higher than the sterilization treatment 6.2%.
  • the germination rate of the seed reaches 88.4%, which is 22.3% higher than that in the single treatment, indicating that the effect of the layering and sterilization treatment is superimposed in the seed germination treatment, so for the seed germination
  • the two steps of layering and sterilization are indispensable.
  • the seedbed Before the fertilization, the seedbed must be rotted. In the process of rotary tillage, the organic fertilizer is evenly spread on the surface of the seedbed. The smaller the soil, the better the soil, and the seedbed is flat, clean and uniform.
  • the main roots of 1/2 length were cut with sharp pruning shears, and the root volume and survival rate were counted as the control without cutting roots.
  • the seedlings that have been cut through the roots and grafted are planted with a non-woven fabric and arranged on a seedbed.
  • the three lines were unified for dense planting, and the other behaviors were thinly planted (4 plants/m 2 ), which were planted in turn.
  • the middle row of the three rows of dense planting was selected as the survey plot, and 1 m 2 (side length of 1 ⁇ 1 m) was established for investigation.
  • the survey plots are selected in the same way.
  • the part when trimming is particularly important for the formation of seedlings.
  • the height of the tree is usually 1/3 or less, and most of the branches are trimmed.
  • the second part is 2/3 parts of the plant. Except for the dead branches, diseased branches, cross branches, etc., in order to make each branch get more space, 1/3 of the branches are often repaired. The angle between each branch is even.
  • the double-tip must be repaired to the weaker branches that are strong and erect.
  • the columns should be tied straight as shown in Figure 5. The control was done without any treatment.
  • the high-quality seedlings are high-pass straight, non-curved, no double-headed, elbow, etc., and the seedlings with small sharpness.
  • Four kinds of pruning treatment methods are adopted, that is, the strain is repaired by 1/3, the upper part of the plant is kept 2/3, the tip treatment and the control are used, and the control is not used, so that the seedlings grow under natural conditions.
  • Table 5 the results of the single treatment were not particularly significant, with the highest rate of 76.9% for the upper 2/3 treatment and 1/3 for the lowest strain. In this analysis, it can be seen that the treatment of 1/3 of the strain on the seedlings will not have a great impact on the seedlings.
  • the results of Table 6 were obtained by using the above various measures during the cultivation of the seedlings on December 1, the third year.
  • the first-level seedling rate in the table refers to the ratio of the first-level seedlings in the third year of statistics, and the measurement index is the seedling height;
  • the high-quality seedling rate refers to the ratio of the quality seedlings in the third year of statistics, and the measurement index is the seedlings. Dry type, sharpness, etc.
  • the control was to cultivate seedlings without any management measures.
  • the first-rate seedling rate of the five-fold treatment ie, layer sterilization, seedbed fertilization, optimization, root cutting, and pruning
  • the high-quality seedling rate is 62.8 higher than the control. %.

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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

A method for growing a grafted cherry blossom sapling, comprising: rootstock sapling sowing: Cerasus serrulate seeds are sowed on a seedbed in spring, the saplings are removed when cherry blossoms change colors in autumn of that year and heeled in; optimal selection: Cerasus serrulate saplings of which the diameter is 0.8 cm or more are selected as rootstocks and separately planted when 3/4-1/4 of the main roots in terms of length are cut off; grafted reproduction: same are grafted in the following spring and are planted densely on a seedbed when grafted, the density being 20-30 plants/m2; and the grafted saplings are pruned and managed.

Description

一种樱花嫁接苗的培育方法Method for cultivating cherry blossom grafted seedling 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及樱花苗木培育，尤其涉及一种樱花嫁接苗的培育方法。The invention relates to the cultivation of cherry seedlings, in particular to a method for cultivating cherry blossom grafted seedlings.
背景技术Background technique
樱花(Cerasus sp.)是蔷薇科樱属几种植物的统称，樱花原产北半球温带环喜马拉雅山地区，在世界各地都有生长，主要在日本国生长。花每枝3到5朵，成伞状花序，花瓣先端缺刻，花色多为白色、粉红色。花常于3月与叶同放或叶后开花，随季节变化，樱花花色幽香艳丽，常用于园林观赏。樱花可分单瓣和复瓣两类，单瓣类能开花结果，复瓣类多半不结果。据文献资料考证，两千多年前的秦汉时期，樱花已在中国宫苑内栽培。唐朝时樱花已普遍出现在私家庭院。当时万国来朝，日本朝拜者将樱花带回了东瀛，其在日本已有1000多年的历史。樱花象征热烈、纯洁、高尚。Cherry (Cerasus sp.) is a general name for several plants of the genus Rosaceae. The sakura is native to the Himalayas in the northern hemisphere. It grows all over the world and grows mainly in Japan. Flowers 3 to 5 per branch, into umbels, apex apex, mostly white, pink. Flowers often bloom with leaves or leaves after March, and vary with the seasons. The cherry blossoms are fragrant and colorful, and are often used for garden viewing. Sakura can be divided into two types: single-valve and double-valve. Single-valve can bear fruit, and most of the complex-type lobes are not fruitful. According to literature research, cherry blossoms have been cultivated in Chinese palaces during the Qin and Han dynasties more than 2,000 years ago. Cherry blossoms in the Tang Dynasty have generally appeared in private courtyards. At that time, the nations came to the DPRK, and Japanese pilgrims brought the cherry blossoms back to Dongpu, which has a history of more than 1,000 years in Japan. The cherry blossom symbolizes warmth, purity and nobleness.
樱花是乔木，高4-16米。冬芽卵圆形，无毛。其芽的着生表现为互生状态，在生长过程中，枝条的着生较为紊乱，所以树冠的形状表现为卵圆形、盆状或伞形(见图1)，且枝下高在自然状态下是不宜确定的，无法做到樱花生产规格标准化，且经常会发生梢头缺失、弯曲、多头的现象。The cherry blossoms are trees, 4-16 meters high. Winter buds are ovoid, glabrous. The buds of the buds are in an alternate state. During the growth process, the shoots are more turbulent, so the shape of the canopy is oval, potted or umbrella-shaped (see Figure 1), and the branches are high in the natural state. The next is not to be determined. It is impossible to standardize the cherry blossom production specifications, and the phenomenon of missing, bending and long ends often occurs.
发明内容Summary of the invention
发明目的：为解决现有技术中的问题，提供了一种可标准化生产樱花嫁接苗的培育方法，能够培育出优质一级的健壮樱花嫁接苗。OBJECT OF THE INVENTION: In order to solve the problems in the prior art, a breeding method capable of standardizing the production of cherry-grafted seedlings is provided, and a high-quality first-class robust cherry-grafted seedling can be cultivated.
技术方案：本发明所述的樱花嫁接苗的培育方法，包括：Technical Solution: The method for cultivating cherry blossom grafted seedlings according to the present invention comprises:
(1)砧木苗播种：春季将山樱花种子播种于苗床上，当年秋季樱花叶片开始变色时起苗，假植；(1) Seedlings of rootstock seedlings: In the spring, the seeds of mountain cherry blossoms are sown on the seedbed, and when the autumn leaves of the cherry blossoms begin to change color, the seedlings and fake plants are planted;
(2)优选并切根栽植：选择地径在0.8cm以上的山樱花苗作为砧木，切去主根3/4～1/4的长度后另行栽种；(2) Preferably, the roots are planted: a mountain cherry seedling having a ground diameter of 0.8 cm or more is selected as a rootstock, and the length of the main root is cut from 3/4 to 1/4, and then planted separately;
(3)嫁接繁殖：第二年的春季进行嫁接，嫁接后密植于苗床上，密度为20～30株/m 2； (3) Grafting and breeding: grafting in the spring of the second year, densely planted on the seedbed after grafting, the density is 20-30 strains/m 2 ;
(4)对嫁接后的苗木进行修剪管理，包括：(4) Pruning management of grafted seedlings, including:
全株修剪：根据树高，将植株下部树高1/3以内的枝条全部剪去；Whole plant pruning: according to the height of the tree, cut all the branches within 1/3 of the plant height;
合理留枝：对树体上部2/3的枝条疏去1/2～1/4数量的枝条，且相邻枝条夹角在90～120°范围内；Reasonable retention: the branches of 2/3 of the upper part of the tree are stripped of 1/2~1/4 of the number of branches, and the angle between adjacent branches is in the range of 90-120°;
梢头处理：及时修去植株的双梢头，留下健壮、通直的枝条作为主枝；对缺失主枝的现象，将最上一个枝条调弯取直；梢头弯曲的主枝绑扎取直；Tip treatment: repair the double-tip of the plant in time, leaving the strong and straight branches as the main branch; for the phenomenon of missing the main branch, turn the top branch straight and straight; the main branch of the curved tip is tied straight;
确定合理枝下高：根据市场对成苗的要求，确定植株的枝下高。Determine the reasonable height of the branches: According to the market requirements for seedlings, determine the height of the branches of the plants.
步骤(1)中，播种前，山樱花种子进行层积和灭菌处理，苗床施加腐熟的 有机肥，整地时直接翻入土里，有机肥的施加量为2～4kg/m 2。 In the step (1), before the sowing, the mountain cherry seed is layered and sterilized, and the seedling bed is applied with the decomposed organic fertilizer, and the soil is directly turned into the soil when the soil is prepared, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 2 to 4 kg/m 2 .
所述层积处理是解除种子休眠的一种方法，即将种子埋在湿沙中置于1～10℃温度中，经1～3个月的处理就能有效地解除休眠。播种前，将种子倒入40℃的温水中(掺入20g/20L的多菌灵消毒)一昼夜，再用清水淘洗两遍，待播；灭菌时，在播种前7～12d用30～50％***40～60mL/m 2加水10～12kg/m 2洒在土壤上；具体的，于播种前10天，用40％***50mL/m 2加水10～12kg/m 2洒在土壤上。 The layering treatment is a method for releasing the seed dormancy, that is, the seed is buried in the wet sand at a temperature of 1 to 10 ° C, and the treatment can be effectively released after 1 to 3 months of treatment. Before sowing, pour the seeds into warm water at 40 ° C (incorporated with 20g / 20L carbendazim disinfection) for a day and night, then wash with water for two times, to be broadcast; when sterilized, use 30 ~ 7 ~ 12d before sowing 50% formalin 40 ~ 60mL / m 2 plus water 10 ~ 12kg / m 2 sprinkle on the soil; specifically, 10 days before sowing, with 40% formalin 50mL / m 2 plus water 10 ~ 12kg / m 2 sprinkle on the soil.
播种后，在苗床上覆盖一层稻草，加强发芽前水分管理；种子发芽后及时除去杂草。After sowing, the bed is covered with a layer of straw to strengthen the water management before germination; after the seeds are germinated, the weeds are removed in time.
优选很重要，直接关系到后期苗木的质量是不是统一，选择出的砧木用容器另行栽培。栽植时，将砧木的主根切去一定长度后可形成很多须根，提高栽植成活率，进一步的，将砧木的主根切去1/2的长度后密植于苗床上，密度为24株/m 2。容器内的栽植用土配比，以重量份计，由腐叶土10份、珍珠岩2份、1kg/m 3的复合肥(N:P:K比为15：15：15)组成。 The selection is very important, and it is directly related to whether the quality of the seedlings in the later stage is uniform, and the selected rootstocks are separately cultivated with containers. When planting, the root of the rootstock can be cut to a certain length to form a large number of fibrous roots to improve the survival rate of the planting. Further, the main root of the rootstock is cut to a length of 1/2 and then densely planted on the seedbed at a density of 24 plants/m 2 . The planting soil ratio in the container is composed of 10 parts of humus soil, 2 parts of perlite, and 1 kg/m 3 of compound fertilizer (N:P:K ratio: 15:15:15) in parts by weight.
所述嫁接时，可采用切接法。嫁接部位在地面上3～8cm处，进一步为地面上5cm处，接穗选用母株枝条中段。When the grafting is performed, a cutting method can be employed. The grafting part is 3~8cm on the ground, further 5cm on the ground, and the middle part of the branch of the mother plant is used for the scion.
步骤(5)中，修剪管理还包括常规修剪如对植株的过密枝、交叉枝、枯死枝、平行枝、病虫枝等进行修剪。In the step (5), the trimming management further includes conventional trimming such as trimming the branches, cross branches, dead branches, parallel branches, diseased branches, and the like of the plants.
取直时，采用立柱绑扎取直，绑扎时避免出现绑扎过后苗木茎杆上出现深沟。When straightening, the column is tied and straightened, and the deep groove is formed on the stem of the seedling after the tying.
所述樱花的砧木为山樱花。The rootstock of the cherry blossom is a mountain cherry.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1、加强肥水管理，促进砧木早日能达到嫁接的标准，通过对砧木苗的优选，除去了不适合嫁接的苗木，对后期培育统一规格、进行标准化生产起到决定性的作用。1. Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, promote the early completion of the grafting standard of the rootstock, and remove the seedlings that are not suitable for grafting through the optimization of the rootstock seedlings, which plays a decisive role in the cultivation of uniform specifications and standardized production in the later stage.
2、通过切根，使苗木的根系形成更多的须根，促进根系繁茂，提高了苗木移栽的成活率，为后期苗木的高生长和粗生长奠定了基础。2. By cutting roots, roots of seedlings are formed into more fibrous roots, which promotes the luxuriance of roots, improves the survival rate of seedling transplanting, and lays a foundation for the high growth and coarse growth of seedlings.
3、对苗木采用容器栽培，有利于管理过程中搬迁，避免了地栽苗带来的所有不便，节省了成本，也方便了工人进行苗木嫁接，有利于苗木培育过程中的管理。同时达到了绿化过程中要求“全根全冠全天候”的条件。3. The container cultivation of seedlings is conducive to the relocation during the management process, avoiding all the inconvenience caused by the planting of the seedlings, saving the cost, and facilitating the grafting of the seedlings by the workers, which is beneficial to the management of the seedling cultivation process. At the same time, it has met the requirements of the “full root crown and all weather” in the greening process.
4、通过配制容器栽培的营养土，使栽培用土更适应樱花对土壤疏松、透气、排水良好的要求，并且富有养分，满足了樱花苗木对土壤酸碱度、营养成分和物理性质的要求，使樱花能快速形成成品苗。4. By cultivating the nutrient soil cultivated in the container, the cultivation soil is more suitable for the requirements of the cherry tree to loose, ventilate and drain the soil, and rich in nutrients, satisfying the requirements of the cherry seedlings on the soil pH, nutrient composition and physical properties, so that the cherry blossom can Quickly form finished seedlings.
5、通过密植，加速了苗木高生长，在短期内达到苗木所需高生长的要求。5, through dense planting, accelerate the high growth of seedlings, in short-term to meet the high growth requirements of seedlings.
6、通过对枝条的修剪，合理调配了每个枝条所需空间，得到更多的光照，从而充分进行光合作用，形成更多的营养物质，供植株快速生长。6. By trimming the branches, the space required for each branch is rationally allocated, and more light is obtained, so that photosynthesis is fully carried out to form more nutrients for rapid growth of the plants.
7、对梢头的处理合理且有效，避免植株浪费。7, the treatment of the tip is reasonable and effective, to avoid plant waste.
8、通过以上措施，大大缩短了成品苗的培育时间，一般三年即可获得成品苗。8. Through the above measures, the cultivation time of the finished seedlings is greatly shortened, and the finished seedlings can be obtained in three years.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1为樱花的树冠性状，其中A为伞状，B为盆状，C为宽卵形；Figure 1 is a canopy trait of cherry blossoms, wherein A is umbrella-shaped, B is basin-shaped, and C is broad-oval;
图2为本发明嫁接部位和切根部位；2 is a grafting site and a cutting root portion of the present invention;
图3为本发明3年内对枝条的修剪要求；其中，A基部分树高1/3枝条全修掉，B树体上部部分枝条修去，C树高1/3；Figure 3 is a pruning requirement for the branches within 3 years of the present invention; wherein, the 1/3 branches of the A-base portion are completely repaired, the branches of the upper part of the B-tree are repaired, and the C-tree is 1/3 higher;
图4为本发明对对缺失梢头的植株进行处理的示意图；Figure 4 is a schematic view of the treatment of plants with missing tips according to the present invention;
图5为本发明对梢头弯曲的植株进行处理的示意图；Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the treatment of a plant with a curved tip according to the present invention;
图6为本发明绑扎立柱时的要求(1)；Figure 6 is a requirement (1) when tying the column of the present invention;
图7为本发明绑扎立柱时的要求(2)；Figure 7 is a requirement (2) when tying the column of the present invention;
图8为本发明绑扎立柱时的要求(3)；Figure 8 is a requirement (3) when tying the column of the present invention;
图9为绑扎立住后避免发生的现象；Figure 9 shows the phenomenon that avoidance occurs after the lashing is established;
图10为本发明树体上部枝条修剪后留枝要求。Figure 10 shows the requirements for branching after trimming the upper branches of the tree of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐明本发明，应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。The present invention will be further clarified by the following specific examples, which are to be construed as illustrative only and not to limit the scope of the invention. Modifications are within the scope defined by the claims appended hereto.
实施例1Example 1
一种樱花优质嫁接苗的培育方法如下：A method for cultivating a high quality grafted seedling of cherry blossoms is as follows:
1、砧木苗播种(第一年内)1. Seedlings of rootstocks (in the first year)
(1)层积：在11月～12月间，对采收的山樱花种子(作砧用)进行低温层积处理，待3月播种用。(1) Lamination: During the period from November to December, the harvested mountain cherry seed (for anvil) is subjected to low-temperature stratification, and is to be used for planting in March.
(2)施肥：3月将苗圃地做成1～1.1m宽的苗床，步道宽40cm，床高20cm。苗床里撒上2kg/m 2有机肥(已腐熟)，整地时直接翻入土里。 (2) Fertilization: In March, the nursery is made into a seedbed of 1 to 1.1 m wide, with a walkway width of 40 cm and a bed height of 20 cm. Sprinkle 2kg/m 2 of organic fertilizer (decomposed) in the seedbed and turn it directly into the soil when you are preparing the soil.
(3)灭菌：在播种前10d用40％***50mL/m 2加水10～12kg/m 2洒在土壤上；将种子倒入40℃的温水中(掺入20g/20L的多菌灵消毒)一昼夜，再用清水淘洗两遍，待播。 (3) Sterilization: Sprinkle 40% formalin 50mL/m 2 with water 10～12kg/m 2 on the soil 10d before sowing; pour the seeds into warm water at 40°C (incorporate more than 20g/20L) Bactericidal disinfection) for a day and night, then washed twice with water, to be broadcast.
(4)播种：采用均匀撒播方法，播种量25g或250粒/m 2。播后在苗床上覆盖上一层薄薄的稻草，加强发芽前水分管理。 (4) Seeding: a uniform spreading method is adopted, and the seeding amount is 25 g or 250 particles/m 2 . After sowing, cover the seedbed with a thin layer of straw to enhance water management before germination.
2、砧木苗期管理(第一年内)2. Management of rootstock seedlings (in the first year)
(1)发芽后管理：5月份种子出芽，从6月到9月是杂草滋生旺期，必须“除早除小”。(1) Management after germination: Seed germination in May, from June to September is the period of weed breeding, and must be “except early and small”.
(2)起苗：进入秋季，樱花叶片开始变色时，起苗，假植。(2) Seedling: When entering the autumn, when the cherry blossom leaves begin to change color, they start seedlings and fake plants.
(3)优选：按地径大小进行分级，选出地径在0.8cm以上的砧木(地径太细，不宜嫁接)。(3) Preferably: the grading is carried out according to the size of the ground diameter, and the rootstock having a ground diameter of 0.8 cm or more is selected (the ground diameter is too fine and should not be grafted).
(4)切根：将优选的实生苗的主根切去根系长度的1/2(即自根颈处留根系长度的1/3)，可形成很多须根，提高栽植成活率。另行栽在无纺布容器里，栽种要求见切根和配土步骤。(4) Cutting root: The main root of the preferred seedling is cut to 1/2 of the root length (ie, 1/3 of the length of the root system from the root neck), and many fibrous roots can be formed to improve the survival rate of the planting. It is planted separately in a non-woven container, and the planting requirements are as follows.
(5)配土：无纺布容器里的栽植用土配比是腐叶土10份(其中的草屑可粉碎成12目以下大小的碎屑(腐叶土都由什么组成)由枯树叶或桔杆粉碎后，与菜饼、园土混拌沤制而成)、珍珠岩2份，1kg/m 3的复合肥(N:P:K比为15：15：15)。栽植用无纺布容器为装土后口径20cm。 (5) Matching soil: The planting soil ratio in the non-woven container is 10 parts of the humus soil (the grass clippings can be pulverized into 12-size or less crumbs (what is composed of humus soil) from dead leaves or After crushing the orange bar, it is made by mixing with vegetable cake and garden soil), 2 parts of perlite, and 1 kg/m 3 of compound fertilizer (N:P:K ratio is 15:15:15). The non-woven fabric container for planting has a diameter of 20 cm after loading.
3、嫁接繁殖(第二年内)3. Grafting and breeding (in the second year)
(3)嫁接：在3月份采用切接法进行嫁接(接穗选用母株枝条中段)。嫁接部位在地面5cm处。见图2。(3) Grafting: Grafting was carried out by cutting in March (the middle part of the branch of the mother plant was selected from the scion). The grafted part is 5cm above the ground. See Figure 2.
(4)密植：嫁接好后，放置于苗床上，密度为25株/m 2。加强肥水杂草管理。 (4) Close planting: After grafting, placed on a seedbed with a density of 25 plants/m 2 . Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water weeds.
4、修剪(第二年及以后)4, pruning (the second year and beyond)
除了对植株的过密枝、交叉枝、枯死枝、平行枝、病虫枝等进行修剪外，还需要根据以下措施进行修剪(嫁接后对植株于落叶后进行修剪管理)。In addition to trimming the plants' dense branches, cross branches, dead branches, parallel branches, and diseased branches, it is also necessary to prun according to the following measures (the grafts are managed after the leaves are grafted).
(1)全株修剪：根据树高，将植株下部树高1/3内的枝条全部剪去，这部分枝条是由小型叶片形成的，所以获得的养分较少、枝条生长瘦弱，且因位于下层，大多会因自然整枝而枯死。见图3。(1) Whole plant pruning: According to the height of the tree, all the branches within 1/3 of the height of the lower part of the plant are cut off. This part of the branches is formed by small leaves, so the nutrients obtained are less, the branches grow thin and thin, and Most of the lower layers will die due to natural pruning. See Figure 3.
(2)合理留枝：对树体上部2/3的枝条可以疏去1/3，且相邻枝条夹角在90～120°范围内，以便于每两枝条间不会相互遮挡阳光，充分合理的占有空间，以便于植株快速高生长。见图10。(2) Reasonable branching: 2/3 of the branches of the tree body can be removed by 1/3, and the angle between adjacent branches is in the range of 90-120°, so that each two branches do not block each other from sunlight. Reasonable space to facilitate rapid and high plant growth. See Figure 10.
(3)梢头处理：及时修去植株的双梢头，留下健壮、通直的枝条作为主枝；对缺失主枝的现象，可以采用立柱，将最上一个枝条调弯取直见图4。梢头弯曲的主枝同样采用绑扎取直见图5。与立柱的绑扎方法见图6、7、8，绑扎时，绑扎的位置在树干高80cm～1m范围内，选一根通直的立柱，长约1.3～1.5m，***树干一侧，入土30cm～50cm，与树干相距不超过5cm左右，取一块厚的无纺布在树干上包扎好，用细绳扎紧后，一端系在立柱上，见图6。细绳的系扣方法可以如图7中，任一方法均可。最终效果如图8。避免出现绑扎过后苗木茎杆上出现过深的沟见图9。(3) Tip treatment: repair the double-tip of the plant in time, leaving the strong and straight branches as the main branch; for the phenomenon of missing the main branch, you can use the column, and bend the top branch to see Figure 4. The main branch with the tip of the tip is also tied and straightened as shown in Figure 5. See Figure 6, 7, and 8 for the binding method of the column. When tying, the position of the tying is within the range of 80cm to 1m in the trunk. Select a straight column, which is about 1.3~1.5m long, inserted into the side of the trunk and 30cm into the soil. ~ 50cm, not more than 5cm away from the trunk, take a thick non-woven fabric wrapped on the trunk, tied with a string, one end is tied to the column, see Figure 6. The fastening method of the string can be as shown in any of the methods in FIG. The final result is shown in Figure 8. Avoid the appearance of deep trenches on the stems of seedlings after lashing as shown in Figure 9.
(4)确定合理枝下高：根据市场对成苗的要求，合理确定植株的枝下高。可留1m、1.5m、1.8m、2m等。(4) Determine the reasonable branch height: According to the market requirements for seedling, it is reasonable to determine the height of the plant. It can be left 1m, 1.5m, 1.8m, 2m, etc.
实施例2Example 2
1 砧木培育1 rootstock cultivation
砧木苗的培育是樱花成品苗培育的第一个环节，所以提高砧木种子的发芽率和尽快培育出健壮的砧木苗是这个环节中最重要的内容。The cultivation of rootstock seedlings is the first step in the cultivation of cherry seedlings, so improving the germination rate of rootstock seeds and cultivating robust rootstocks as soon as possible is the most important part of this link.
1.1 层积和灭菌处理对发芽率的影响1.1 Effect of layering and sterilization on germination rate
实验方法：experimental method:
对山樱花种子采用风选法将碎叶、种皮等清除干净后，用干净的沙进行层积，层积的方法：选一箩筐，将纺布垫在底层，然后一层沙一层种子，直到种子全部层放好，注意沙子必须潮湿，不可过干，层积好后置于阴凉处。到三月份取出，筛去沙子，将种子倒入40℃的温水中(掺入20g/20L的多菌灵消毒)一昼夜，再用清水淘洗两遍，待播。For the cherry seed of the mountain, the leaves and seed coats are removed by wind selection, and then the layers are stacked with clean sand. The method of stratification is to select a basket, the woven fabric is placed on the bottom layer, and then a layer of sand is seeded. Until the whole layer of the seed is placed, pay attention to the sand must be wet, not dry, layered and placed in a cool place. Take out in March, sieve out the sand, pour the seeds into warm water at 40 ° C (incorporate 20g / 20L carbendazim disinfection) for a day and night, then wash with water twice, to be broadcast.
对砧木种子播种过程中，采用单一处理和双重处理方式，测定对种子发芽率的影响。单一处理是指只对种子进行层积处理不进行灭菌(灭菌包括对多菌灵消毒和对土壤进行***消毒)，或者只对种子进行灭菌处理不进行层积处理。双重处理是指对种子既进行层积又进行灭菌处理。对照是指既不进行层积处理，也不进行灭菌处理。12月1日统计处理结果如表1。In the sowing process of the rootstock seeds, the effects on the germination rate of the seeds were determined by a single treatment and a double treatment. Single treatment means that only the seed is subjected to stratification without sterilization (sterilization includes sterilization of carbendazim and formalin disinfection of the soil), or sterilization of the seed only without stratification. Double treatment refers to the stratification and sterilization of seeds. Control refers to neither stratification nor sterilization. The statistical processing results on December 1 are shown in Table 1.
表1 处理方式不同对发芽率的影响Table 1 Effect of different treatment methods on germination rate
Figure PCTCN2018100279-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2018100279-appb-000001
从表1中可以看出，对照的发芽率最低只有46.8％，单一处理时，只进行层积处理的种子发芽率为72.3％，高出对照54.5％，也高出只进行灭菌处理6.2％。而如果进行双重处理后，种子的发芽率达到88.4％，高出单一处理中层积处理22.3％，说明在种子发芽处理中，层积和灭菌处理的作用是叠加了，因此对种子发芽来说，层积和灭菌两个环节不可或缺。It can be seen from Table 1 that the germination rate of the control is only 46.8% at the lowest. In the single treatment, the seed germination rate of only the stratification treatment is 72.3%, which is 54.5% higher than the control, and is also higher than the sterilization treatment 6.2%. . However, if the double treatment is carried out, the germination rate of the seed reaches 88.4%, which is 22.3% higher than that in the single treatment, indicating that the effect of the layering and sterilization treatment is superimposed in the seed germination treatment, so for the seed germination The two steps of layering and sterilization are indispensable.
1.2 播种前施肥的作用1.2 The role of fertilization before sowing
实验方法：experimental method:
播种前对地块进行施肥。施肥前苗床必须旋耕，在旋耕过程中，将有机肥均匀撒施在苗床表面，施耕要求土块越小越好，做到苗床上平、净、匀。Fertilize the plot before planting. Before the fertilization, the seedbed must be rotted. In the process of rotary tillage, the organic fertilizer is evenly spread on the surface of the seedbed. The smaller the soil, the better the soil, and the seedbed is flat, clean and uniform.
对播种前施肥对砧木苗快速生长的影响中，采用施肥和不施肥(对照)两种处理方式，12月1日在苗床上随机取3个1平方米面积(边长为1×1m)里的砧木苗分别调查砧木苗的平均树高、平均地径和平均分枝数，如表2。In the effect of fertilization before sowing on the rapid growth of rootstock seedlings, fertilization and no fertilization (control) were adopted. On December 1st, three 1 square meters (side length 1×1m) were randomly selected on the seedbed. The rootstocks of the rootstocks were investigated for the average tree height, average ground diameter and average number of branches of the rootstocks, as shown in Table 2.
表2 两种处理下对苗木生长的影响Table 2 Effect of seed treatment on seedling growth under two treatments
Figure PCTCN2018100279-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2018100279-appb-000002
从表2中可以看出，施肥的效果是显著的，施肥的砧木苗比对照的平均数高出31.4％，平均地径高出37.8％，平均分枝数也高出18.4％。施肥的一级苗率达到43.7％，而对照只有29.4％，所以施肥对砧木苗的生长作用是显而易见的。It can be seen from Table 2 that the effect of fertilization is significant. The average number of fertilized rootstocks is 31.4% higher than that of the control, the average diameter is 37.8% higher, and the average number of branches is 18.4% higher. The first-stage seedling rate of fertilization reached 43.7%, while the control was only 29.4%, so the growth effect of fertilization on rootstock seedlings was obvious.
2 切根对砧木苗的影响2 Effect of cutting root on rootstock
实验方法：experimental method:
对优选过的苗木，用锋利的修枝剪剪去1/2长度的主根，以不切根的作为对照，统计须根量和成活率。For the preferred seedlings, the main roots of 1/2 length were cut with sharp pruning shears, and the root volume and survival rate were counted as the control without cutting roots.
切根和对照相比，从表3中可以看见须根量比对照大幅增加了155.1％，成活率也提高了9.7％，而平均根长比对照降低了14％，因此重要的两个指标均明显高出对照值。Compared with the control, it can be seen from Table 3 that the amount of fibrous roots has increased by 155.1%, the survival rate has increased by 9.7%, and the average root length has decreased by 14% compared with the control. Therefore, the two important indicators are obvious. Above the control value.
表3 是否切根对根系生长和移栽成活率的影响Table 3 Whether root cutting has an effect on root growth and transplant survival rate
Figure PCTCN2018100279-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2018100279-appb-000003
3 密植对嫁接苗高生长的影响3 The effect of dense planting on the growth of grafted seedlings
实验方法：experimental method:
将切过根系并嫁接的苗木用无纺布栽植好后，排列在苗床上。三行统一为密植，再三行为稀植(4株/m 2)，依次栽植下去。调查时，密植的选择三行中的中间一行任意地点作为调查地块，确立1m 2(边长为1×1m)进行调查。稀植的按同样方法选取调查地块。 The seedlings that have been cut through the roots and grafted are planted with a non-woven fabric and arranged on a seedbed. The three lines were unified for dense planting, and the other behaviors were thinly planted (4 plants/m 2 ), which were planted in turn. At the time of the investigation, the middle row of the three rows of dense planting was selected as the survey plot, and 1 m 2 (side length of 1×1 m) was established for investigation. For the rare planting, the survey plots are selected in the same way.
对切接苗采用密植和对照处理进行比较试验。密植采用25株/m 2，对照采用4株/m 2，于当年12月1日进行调查，见表4。 Comparative tests were carried out on the cut seedlings using close planting and control treatment. 25 using the high density / m 2, using four control / m 2, on December 1 year investigations (Table 4).
表4 密植对嫁接苗高生长的影响Table 4 Effect of dense planting on the growth of grafted seedlings
Figure PCTCN2018100279-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2018100279-appb-000004
从表4可以看出，密植对株高和胸径的影响均较明显。平均树高而言，密 植比对照高出23.08％，但平均胸径却比对照少了32.24％，所以采用密植方法，确能起到有效促进高生长的作用，但对胸径的生长是负面的。It can be seen from Table 4 that the effects of dense planting on plant height and DBH are more obvious. In terms of average tree height, the dense planting was 23.08% higher than the control, but the average breast diameter was 32.24% less than the control. Therefore, the dense planting method can effectively promote the high growth, but it is negative for the growth of the breast diameter.
4 修剪处理对优质苗率的影响4 Effect of pruning treatment on high seedling rate
实验方法：experimental method:
修剪时的部位对苗木的成型特别重要。首先针对植株基部，一般树高1/3以下部分进行修剪，这部位大多把所有枝条全部修剪掉。第二个部分是植株上2/3部，除了把枯死枝、病虫枝、交叉枝等修去外，为了使每个枝条能得到更充足的空间，常修去1/3数量的枝条，每个枝条之间的夹角均匀。第三个对梢头的处理，双梢头必须修去较弱的留下强壮直立的枝条，对弯曲的枝条应绑立柱取直如图5。对照为没进行任何处理。The part when trimming is particularly important for the formation of seedlings. First, for the base of the plant, the height of the tree is usually 1/3 or less, and most of the branches are trimmed. The second part is 2/3 parts of the plant. Except for the dead branches, diseased branches, cross branches, etc., in order to make each branch get more space, 1/3 of the branches are often repaired. The angle between each branch is even. For the third treatment of the tip, the double-tip must be repaired to the weaker branches that are strong and erect. For the curved branches, the columns should be tied straight as shown in Figure 5. The control was done without any treatment.
优质苗为苗木杆高通直、不弯曲，无双头、弯头等现象，尖削度小的苗木。采用四种修剪处理方式，即株基修1/3、株上部留2/3、梢头处理和对照，对照是什么措施也不采用，让苗木自然状态下生长。从表5中可以看出，单一处理的结果并不特别显著，最高为株上部留2/3处理的为76.9％，最低为株基修去1/3。这其中分析可知，株基修1/3的处理对苗木的影响不会很大，因The high-quality seedlings are high-pass straight, non-curved, no double-headed, elbow, etc., and the seedlings with small sharpness. Four kinds of pruning treatment methods are adopted, that is, the strain is repaired by 1/3, the upper part of the plant is kept 2/3, the tip treatment and the control are used, and the control is not used, so that the seedlings grow under natural conditions. As can be seen from Table 5, the results of the single treatment were not particularly significant, with the highest rate of 76.9% for the upper 2/3 treatment and 1/3 for the lowest strain. In this analysis, it can be seen that the treatment of 1/3 of the strain on the seedlings will not have a great impact on the seedlings.
表5 各种修剪处理方式对优质苗率的影响Table 5 Effect of various pruning treatment methods on high seedling rate
Figure PCTCN2018100279-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2018100279-appb-000005
为植株基部的枝条大多由于密植而发生自然整枝，并且枝条数量也不会很多。对梢头处理来说，毕竟樱花是喜光树种，顶端优势比较强，所以弯梢、缺梢的现象毕竟也不是很多，但是三重处理结果，明显反映出三种处理结果的叠加，优质苗率达到89.5％，高出单一处理平均数的22.5％。所以在对樱花修剪过程中，各种修剪措施均不可缺少，综合使用，才能生产出更多优质的苗木。Most of the branches at the base of the plant are naturally pruned due to dense planting, and the number of branches is not much. For the processing of the tip, after all, the cherry blossom is a kind of hi-light tree, the top advantage is relatively strong, so the phenomenon of bending and missing tips is not a lot after all, but the triple processing result clearly reflects the superposition of the three processing results, and the high-quality seedling rate reaches 89.5. %, which is 22.5% higher than the single processing average. Therefore, in the process of pruning cherry blossoms, various pruning measures are indispensable, and comprehensive use can produce more high-quality seedlings.
5 综合处理对优质苗的影响5 The impact of comprehensive treatment on high quality seedlings
对樱花苗木培育从砧木苗的培育起，到确定枝下高止3年内，苗木的培育过程中通过采用以上各种措施，在第三年12月1日进行统计，得出表6的结果。表中一级苗率是指到第三年统计时的一级苗所占比率，衡量指标为苗高；优质苗率是指到第三年统计时优质苗所占比率，衡量指标为苗木的干型、尖削度等。对照为不采用任何管理措施培育苗木。For the cultivation of cherry seedlings, from the cultivation of rootstock seedlings, to the determination of the lowering of the shoots, the results of Table 6 were obtained by using the above various measures during the cultivation of the seedlings on December 1, the third year. The first-level seedling rate in the table refers to the ratio of the first-level seedlings in the third year of statistics, and the measurement index is the seedling height; the high-quality seedling rate refers to the ratio of the quality seedlings in the third year of statistics, and the measurement index is the seedlings. Dry type, sharpness, etc. The control was to cultivate seedlings without any management measures.
表6 综合措施对樱花苗木培育的影响Table 6 Effect of comprehensive measures on the cultivation of cherry seedlings
Figure PCTCN2018100279-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2018100279-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2018100279-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2018100279-appb-000007
从表中可知，五重处理(即是层积灭菌、苗床施肥、优选、切根密植、修剪五个内容)的一级苗率比对照高出44.4％，优质苗率比对照高出62.8％。It can be seen from the table that the first-rate seedling rate of the five-fold treatment (ie, layer sterilization, seedbed fertilization, optimization, root cutting, and pruning) is 44.4% higher than the control, and the high-quality seedling rate is 62.8 higher than the control. %.
从整个培育过程分析来看，除了在培育过程中采用了层积处理、播前灭菌、施肥、切根、密植、修剪等一系列管理措施之外，对砧木苗的优选也是相当重要的，这个步骤看似简单，实际上对统一砧木规格、统一嫁接后每株苗的生长势起到关键性的作用，所以结果就表现出一级苗率和优质苗率出现双高的态势。因此要培育出优质一级的健壮樱花嫁接苗，在管理过程中必须采用层积处理、播前灭菌、施肥、优选、切根、密植、修剪等一系列管理措施。From the analysis of the whole cultivation process, in addition to a series of management measures such as stratification treatment, pre-sow sterilization, fertilization, root cutting, dense planting and pruning in the cultivation process, the optimization of rootstock seedlings is also very important. This step seems to be simple. In fact, it plays a key role in the uniform rootstock specifications and the growth potential of each seedling after uniform grafting. Therefore, the results show that the first seedling rate and the high seedling rate are both high. Therefore, we must cultivate a high-quality first-class cherry blossom grafted seedlings. In the management process, we must adopt a series of management measures such as stratification treatment, pre-sow sterilization, fertilization, optimization, cutting, dense planting and pruning.

Claims (7)

  1. 一种樱花嫁接苗的培育方法，其特征在于，包括：A method for cultivating cherry blossom grafted seedlings, comprising:
    (1)砧木苗播种：春季将山樱花种子播种于苗床上，当年秋季樱花叶片开始变色时起苗，假植；(1) Seedlings of rootstock seedlings: In the spring, the seeds of mountain cherry blossoms are sown on the seedbed, and when the autumn leaves of the cherry blossoms begin to change color, the seedlings and fake plants are planted;
    (2)优选并切根栽植：选择地径在0.8cm以上的山樱花苗作为砧木，切去主根3/4～1/4的长度后另行栽种；(2) Preferably, the roots are planted: a mountain cherry seedling having a ground diameter of 0.8 cm or more is selected as a rootstock, and the length of the main root is cut from 3/4 to 1/4, and then planted separately;
    (3)嫁接繁殖：第二年的春季进行嫁接，嫁接后密植于苗床上，密度为20～30株/m 2； (3) Grafting and breeding: grafting in the spring of the second year, densely planted on the seedbed after grafting, the density is 20-30 strains/m 2 ;
    (4)对嫁接后的苗木进行修剪管理，包括：(4) Pruning management of grafted seedlings, including:
    全株修剪：根据树高，将植株下部树高1/3以内的枝条全部剪去；Whole plant pruning: according to the height of the tree, cut all the branches within 1/3 of the plant height;
    合理留枝：对树体上部2/3的枝条疏去1/2～1/4数量的枝条，且相邻枝条夹角在90～120°范围内；Reasonable retention: the branches of 2/3 of the upper part of the tree are stripped of 1/2~1/4 of the number of branches, and the angle between adjacent branches is in the range of 90-120°;
    梢头处理：及时修去植株的双梢头，留下健壮、通直的枝条作为主枝；对缺失主枝的现象，将最上一个枝条调弯取直；梢头弯曲的主枝绑扎取直；Tip treatment: repair the double-tip of the plant in time, leaving the strong and straight branches as the main branch; for the phenomenon of missing the main branch, turn the top branch straight and straight; the main branch of the curved tip is tied straight;
    确定合理枝下高：根据市场对成苗的要求，确定植株的枝下高。Determine the reasonable height of the branches: According to the market requirements for seedlings, determine the height of the branches of the plants.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的樱花嫁接苗的培育方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，播种前，山樱花种子进行层积和灭菌处理。The method for cultivating a cherry-grafted seedling according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), before the sowing, the cherry seed of the mountain is subjected to lamination and sterilization treatment.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的樱花嫁接苗的培育方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中，播种前，苗床施加腐熟的有机肥，整地时直接翻入土里，有机肥的施加量为2～4kg/m 2。 The method for cultivating a cherry seedling graft according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), before the sowing, the seedbed is applied with the decomposed organic fertilizer, and the soil is directly turned into the soil when the soil is prepared, and the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 2 to 4 kg. /m 2 .
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的樱花嫁接苗的培育方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中，选择出的砧木用容器另行栽培。The method for cultivating a cherry-grafted seedling according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the selected rootstock is separately cultivated with a container.
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的樱花嫁接苗的培育方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中，所述嫁接时，采用切接法，嫁接部位在地面上3～8cm处。The method for cultivating cherry-grafted seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), when the grafting is performed, the cutting method is adopted, and the grafted portion is 3 to 8 cm on the ground.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的樱花嫁接苗的培育方法，其特征在于，步骤(4)中，修剪管理还包括对植株的过密枝、交叉枝、枯死枝、平行枝、病虫枝进行修剪。The method for cultivating a cherry seedling graft according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the trimming management further comprises trimming the overly dense branches, the cross branches, the dead branches, the parallel branches, and the diseased branches of the plants.
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的樱花嫁接苗的培育方法，其特征在于，所述樱花砧木为山樱花。The method for cultivating a cherry seedling graft according to claim 1, wherein the cherry tree rootstock is a mountain cherry tree.
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