CN112005825A - Rice lodging-resistant method - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a rice lodging-resistant method. The invention comprises the following steps: (1) increasing the dosage; (2) spraying paclobutrazol; (3) drying the fields in the sun; (4) managing water; (5) nitrogen fertilizer application; (6) applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer; (7) and (4) applying a novel fertilizer. According to the invention, by increasing the seed consumption, the number of rice ears is increased, the single ear grain weight is reduced, and a series of comprehensive cultivation measures such as paclobutrazol spraying, field sunning, water and fertilizer management and the like are combined, so that the steady growth of rice plants can be promoted, the mechanical strength of the plants is enhanced, and the purpose of lodging resistance of the rice under a high-yield condition is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a rice lodging-resistant method.
Background
The lodging of rice is a big problem commonly existing in rice production. At present, in large-area rice production, because direct seeding and other simple cultivation technologies are applied and water and fertilizer management technologies are unreasonable, lodging under high-yield conditions is easy to cause. The rice which is fallen down is not only seriously adversely affected in yield and quality, but also is not favorable for mechanized harvesting, increasing the harvesting cost and loss. The anti-lodging measure of the high-yield rice variety is more and more important along with the increase of the yield; high-quality rice varieties not only affect the yield but also affect the quality if lodging occurs; under the condition of modern agricultural production, the large-scale and mechanized planting of rice puts higher requirements on lodging resistance. Therefore, the research and the application of the rice lodging-resistant technology have great significance for further improving the rice yield and promoting the development of the high-quality rice industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem that the conventional rice cultivation process is easy to lodging, the invention aims to provide a rice lodging-resistant method, which promotes the steady growth of rice plants, enhances the mechanical strength of the plants and realizes the lodging resistance under the high-yield condition by increasing the number of ears, reducing the weight of single ear and combining with specific cultivation measures.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a rice lodging-resistant method comprises the following steps:
(1) increasing the dosage: increasing the seed consumption by 20 percent on the basis of conventional cultivation;
(2) spraying paclobutrazol: spraying 25% paclobutrazol once in the period from one leaf to one heart of the rice and applying the paclobutrazol once again in the tillering stage;
(3) sunning the field: draining water and drying in the sun when the seedling number reaches a preset spike number in the tillering full-term, drying until cracks and white roots appear on the field surface, reducing the seedling number, and rehydrating when entering a young spike differentiation stage 3;
(4) water content management: dry breeding is mainly carried out before three leaves of the rice seedling, shallow water is frequently irrigated in a tillering stage, the field is dried in the sun in time, the field is kept moist in a booting stage, a water layer is kept in a heading stage, and dry, wet and wet water management is adopted in a grouting and maturing stage;
(5) nitrogenous fertilizer application: in the base fertilizer, the nitrogen consumption of the large spike type high-yield variety is 180-plus-195 kg/hm2The nitrogen consumption of the spike-number type high-quality variety is 150-165kg/hm2(ii) a After the sword leaves grow and are shaped, the big ear type high-yield variety is applied with a potash fertilizer and added with urea as an ear fertilizer;
(6) and (3) applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer: p is N in the whole growth period of rice2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 1:0.7: 1;
(7) applying a novel fertilizer: 1200ml/hm 1500ml/hm are respectively sprayed at the tillering stage and the booting stage of the rice2Liquid silicon fertilizer; combining the disease and pest control in tillering stage, booting stage and full heading stage, respectively complexing with 900ml/hm amino acid complex fertilizer2、1800ml/hm2、1800ml/hm2Spraying once.
Further, the application amount of paclobutrazol from one leaf to one heart period of the paddy rice in the step (2) is 0.9-1.2kg/hm2。
Further, the application amount of paclobutrazol in the tillering stage of the paddy rice in the step (2) is 1.2-1.5kg/hm2。
Further, the predetermined ear number in the steps (3) and (4) is calculated by 75% of the highest seedling number of the big ear type high-yield variety or 70% of the highest seedling number of the ear type high-quality variety.
Further, the number of seedlings reaching the preset spike number in the step (3) is counted by more than one leaf and one core.
Further, the field drying time in the step (3) is 5-7 days.
Further, in the step (5), 45-60kg/hm of urea is additionally applied to the large-spike high-yield variety2And (4) fertilizing the rice.
Further, the lodging-resistant method also comprises a pest control step, wherein the pest control is specifically to control sheath blight, rice blast and rice planthopper according to a conventional method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, by increasing the seed consumption, the number of rice ears is increased, the single ear grain weight is reduced, and a series of comprehensive cultivation measures such as paclobutrazol spraying, field sunning, water and fertilizer management and the like are combined, so that the steady growth of rice plants can be promoted, the mechanical strength of the plants is enhanced, and the purpose of lodging resistance of the rice under a high-yield condition is realized.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The materials used in the following examples can be purchased from conventional approaches, the large ear type high-yield varieties adopted in the examples are Shenliangyou 867 and Yliangyou 143, the ear number type high-quality varieties are Yueyou 518 and Taoyou, the liquid silicon fertilizer used is Zhifeng brand liquid silicon fertilizer, and the amino acid complex fertilizer is Fengrua amino acid water-soluble complex fertilizer.
Example 1 Shenliangyou 867
A rice lodging-resistant method comprises the following steps:
(1)increasing the dosage: increasing 20% seed consumption on the basis of conventional cultivation, wherein the conventional seed consumption of 867 is 25kg/hm2The practical amount of the seed used in the embodiment is 30kg/hm2；
(2) Spraying paclobutrazol: spraying 25% paclobutrazol once in the period from one leaf to one heart of rice, wherein the application amount is 0.9kg/hm2(ii) a Applying again at tillering stage with application amount of 1.5kg/hm2；
(3) Sunning the field: the pre-determined spike number is calculated according to the seedling number of more than one leaf and one heart, the pre-determined spike number of the variety is calculated by 75 percent of the highest seedling number, and the seedling number in the tillering prosperous period reaches 297 ten thousand/hm2Draining water and drying the field for 5-7 days until cracks and white roots appear on the field surface, reducing the number of seedlings, and rehydrating when the seedlings enter a young ear differentiation stage 3;
(4) water content management: dry breeding is mainly carried out before three leaves of the rice seedling, shallow water is frequently irrigated in a tillering stage, the field is dried in the sun in time, the field is kept moist in a booting stage, a water layer is kept in a heading stage, and dry, wet and wet water management is adopted in a grouting and maturing stage;
(5) nitrogenous fertilizer application: the dosage of nitrogen in the base fertilizer is 180kg/hm2After the sword leaves grow and are shaped, the potash fertilizer is applied in a matched manner, and 60kg/hm of urea is applied2Making spike fertilizer;
(6) and (3) applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer: p is N in the whole growth period of rice2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 1:0.7: 1;
(7) applying a novel fertilizer: respectively spraying 1200ml/hm in tillering stage and booting stage of rice2Liquid silicon fertilizer; combining the disease and pest control in tillering stage, booting stage and full heading stage, respectively complexing with 900ml/hm amino acid complex fertilizer2、1800ml/hm2、1800ml/hm2Spraying once;
(8) and (3) pest control: the sheath blight disease, the rice blast and the rice planthopper are prevented and controlled according to a conventional method.
The experimental variety of the example is a big ear type high-yield variety 867, the high-yield demonstration of the big ear type reproduced rice of the big ear type 867 is carried out in the Hejiashan original-breed factory in Hunan province in 2019, and the effective ear of the variety is 226.5 ten thousand per hm on average in a district test by adopting the method of the example2Increased to 297 ten thousand/hm2Increased by 23.74%;the number of grains is reduced from 186.4 grains/ear to 156.0 grains/ear in the zone test by 16.31 percent. The yield per unit reaches 10888.5kg/hm2The increase was 7.50% over 10128.45kg in the pilot plant.
Example 2Y Shuangyou 143
(1) Increasing the dosage: increasing 20% seed consumption on the basis of conventional cultivation, wherein the conventional seed consumption of YLiangyou 143 is 25kg/hm2The practical amount of the seed used in the embodiment is 30kg/hm2；
(2) Spraying paclobutrazol: spraying 25% paclobutrazol once in the period from one leaf to one heart of rice, wherein the application amount is 1.2kg/hm2(ii) a Applying again at tillering stage with application amount of 1.2kg/hm2；
(3) Sunning the field: the pre-determined spike number is calculated according to the seedling number of more than one leaf and one heart, the pre-determined spike number of the variety is calculated by 75 percent of the highest seedling number, and the seedling number in the tillering prosperous period reaches 283.5 ten thousand per hm2Draining water and drying the field for 5-7 days until cracks and white roots appear on the field surface, reducing the number of seedlings, and rehydrating when the seedlings enter a young ear differentiation stage 3;
(4) water content management: dry breeding is mainly carried out before three leaves of the rice seedling, shallow water is frequently irrigated in a tillering stage, the field is dried in the sun in time, the field is kept moist in a booting stage, a water layer is kept in a heading stage, and dry, wet and wet water management is adopted in a grouting and maturing stage;
(5) nitrogenous fertilizer application: the dosage of nitrogen in the base fertilizer is 195kg/hm2After the sword leaves grow and are shaped, 45kg/hm of urea is applied in coordination with the additional application of potash fertilizer2Making spike fertilizer;
(6) and (3) applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer: p is N in the whole growth period of rice2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 1:0.7: 1;
(7) applying a novel fertilizer: respectively spraying 1500ml/hm at the tillering stage and the booting stage of the rice2Liquid silicon fertilizer; combining the disease and pest control in tillering stage, booting stage and full heading stage, respectively complexing with 900ml/hm amino acid complex fertilizer2、1800ml/hm2、1800ml/hm2Spraying once;
(8) and (3) pest control: the sheath blight disease, the rice blast and the rice planthopper are prevented and controlled according to a conventional method.
The experimental variety Y Liangyou 143 of this example is big earThe high-yield variety of the type is a high-yield type two-line hybrid rice Y Liangyou 143 demonstration carried out in' 28583yet county, city, cephalo village in 2017, and the effective spike 283.5 ten thousand/hm of the variety is obtained by adopting the method of the embodiment2Number of particles per spike 201.4, yield per unit 12450-2232.5 ten thousand per hm of effective ear in a zone test2Increase by 21.9%; the number of the solid grains is increased by 31.6 grains/ear, and the increase is 18.6 percent; the yield is increased by 25.6-32.4%.
If the effective spike number of the variety in the area test is 12450-2The yield of the method is that the number of grains per spike is increased by at least 42.8 grains/spike, the increased number of grains/spike is 11.2 grains/spike and accounts for 6.6 percent of the number of grains per spike, which shows that the method of the invention substantially reduces the weight of the due single spike in a high yield degree.
Example 3 Yueyou 518
A rice lodging-resistant method comprises the following steps:
(1) increasing the dosage: increasing 20% seed consumption based on conventional cultivation, wherein the conventional seed consumption of Yueyou 518 is 30kg/hm2The practical amount of the seed used in the embodiment is 36kg/hm2；
(2) Spraying paclobutrazol: spraying 25% paclobutrazol once in the period from one leaf to one heart of rice, wherein the application amount is 0.9kg/hm2(ii) a Applying again at tillering stage with application amount of 1.5kg/hm2；
(3) Sunning the field: the pre-determined spike number is calculated according to the seedling number of more than one leaf and one heart, the pre-determined spike number of the variety is calculated by 70 percent of the highest seedling number, and the seedling number in the tillering prosperous period reaches 382.8 ten thousand per hm2Draining water and drying the field for 5-7 days until cracks and white roots appear on the field surface, reducing the number of seedlings, and rehydrating when the seedlings enter a young ear differentiation stage 3;
(4) water content management: dry breeding is mainly carried out before three leaves of the rice seedling, shallow water is frequently irrigated in a tillering stage, the field is dried in the sun in time, the field is kept moist in a booting stage, a water layer is kept in a heading stage, and dry, wet and wet water management is adopted in a grouting and maturing stage;
(5) nitrogenous fertilizer application: the dosage of nitrogen in the base fertilizer is 150kg/hm2No nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the later period;
(6) and (3) applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer: p is N in the whole growth period of rice2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 1:0.7: 1;
(7) applying a novel fertilizer: respectively spraying 1200ml/hm in tillering stage and booting stage of rice2Liquid silicon fertilizer; combining the disease and pest control in tillering stage, booting stage and full heading stage, respectively complexing with 900ml/hm amino acid complex fertilizer2、1800ml/hm2、1800ml/hm2Spraying once;
(8) and (3) pest control: the sheath blight disease, the rice blast and the rice planthopper are prevented and controlled according to a conventional method.
The experimental variety Yueyou 518 in this embodiment is a spike number type high quality variety, the inventor carries out the double-night high yield demonstration of Yueyou 518 in Fudeshan village in the peach county in 2017, and by adopting the method in this embodiment, the result shows that the average effective spike 382.8 ten thousand/hm of Yueyou 518 is2The number of the solid grains is 91.6 grains per spike, and the yield per unit is 8623.5kg/hm2Compared with its effective ear in a zone test of 342.5 ten thousand/hm2Increase by 11.77%; the number of solid grains is reduced by 11.8 grains/spike, and is reduced by 11.4 percent; the yield is increased by 8.5%.
Example 4 peach essence
A rice lodging-resistant method comprises the following steps:
(1) increasing the dosage: increasing 20% seed consumption on the basis of conventional cultivation, wherein the peach superior aroma accounts for 30kg/hm of the conventional seed consumption2The practical amount of the seed used in the embodiment is 36kg/hm2；
(2) Spraying paclobutrazol: spraying 25% paclobutrazol once in the period from one leaf to one heart of rice, wherein the application amount is 1.2kg/hm2(ii) a Applying again at tillering stage with application amount of 1.2kg/hm2；
(3) Sunning the field: the pre-determined spike number is calculated according to the seedling number of more than one leaf and one heart, the pre-determined spike number of the variety is calculated by 70 percent of the highest seedling number, and the seedling number in the tillering prosperous period reaches 375 ten thousand per hm2Draining water and drying the field for 5-7 days until cracks and white roots appear on the field surface, reducing the number of seedlings, and rehydrating when the seedlings enter a young ear differentiation stage 3;
(4) water content management: dry breeding is mainly carried out before three leaves of the rice seedling, shallow water is frequently irrigated in a tillering stage, the field is dried in the sun in time, the field is kept moist in a booting stage, a water layer is kept in a heading stage, and dry, wet and wet water management is adopted in a grouting and maturing stage;
(5) nitrogenous fertilizer application: the dosage of nitrogen in the base fertilizer is 165kg/hm2No nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the later period;
(6) and (3) applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer: p is N in the whole growth period of rice2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 1:0.7: 1;
(7) applying a novel fertilizer: respectively spraying 1500ml/hm at the tillering stage and the booting stage of the rice2Liquid silicon fertilizer; combining the disease and pest control in tillering stage, booting stage and full heading stage, respectively complexing with 900ml/hm amino acid complex fertilizer2、1800ml/hm2、1800ml/hm2Spraying once;
(8) and (3) pest control: the sheath blight disease, the rice blast and the rice planthopper are prevented and controlled according to a conventional method.
The experimental variety peach preferred fragrance occupation is spike number type high quality variety in this embodiment, the inventor carries out double-night high-yield demonstration of peach preferred fragrance occupation in foddy mountainous villages in peach source county in 2017 (simultaneously with the embodiment 3), and by adopting the method in this embodiment, the result shows that peach preferred fragrance occupation average effective spike 375 ten thousand per hm2The number of the solid grains is 87.8 grains per spike, and the yield per unit is 8677.5kg/hm2330 ten thousand per hm of ear which is valid in the zone test2Increase by 13.6%; the number of the solid grains is reduced by 7.4 grains/spike, and is reduced by 7.77 percent; the yield is increased by 6.5%.
The above embodiments have no lodging phenomenon.
Claims (8)
1. A rice lodging-resistant method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) increasing the dosage: increasing the seed consumption by 20 percent on the basis of conventional cultivation;
(2) spraying paclobutrazol: spraying 25% paclobutrazol once in the period from one leaf to one heart of the rice and applying the paclobutrazol once again in the tillering stage;
(3) sunning the field: draining water and drying in the sun when the seedling number reaches a preset spike number in the tillering full-term, drying until cracks and white roots appear on the field surface, reducing the seedling number, and rehydrating when entering a young spike differentiation stage 3;
(4) water content management: dry breeding is mainly carried out before three leaves of the rice seedling, shallow water is frequently irrigated in a tillering stage, the field is dried in the sun in time, the field is kept moist in a booting stage, a water layer is kept in a heading stage, and dry, wet and wet water management is adopted in a grouting and maturing stage;
(5) nitrogenous fertilizer application: in the base fertilizer, the nitrogen consumption of the large spike type high-yield variety is 180-plus-195 kg/hm2The nitrogen consumption of the spike-number type high-quality variety is 150-165kg/hm2(ii) a After the sword leaves grow and are shaped, the big ear type high-yield variety is applied with a potash fertilizer and added with urea as an ear fertilizer;
(6) and (3) applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer: p is N in the whole growth period of rice2O5:K2The mass ratio of O is 1:0.7: 1;
(7) applying a novel fertilizer: 1200ml/hm 1500ml/hm are respectively sprayed at the tillering stage and the booting stage of the rice2Liquid silicon fertilizer; combining the disease and pest control in tillering stage, booting stage and full heading stage, respectively complexing with 900ml/hm amino acid complex fertilizer2、1800ml/hm2、1800ml/hm2Spraying once.
2. The method for preventing rice from lodging according to claim 1, wherein the paclobutrazol is applied in the period from one leaf to one leaf in the rice in the step (2) at a rate of 0.9-1.2kg/hm2。
3. The method for resisting lodging of rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application amount of paclobutrazol in the tillering stage of rice in the step (2) is 1.2-1.5kg/hm2。
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined spike numbers in steps (3) and (4) are calculated as 75% of the highest seedlings of the big-spike high-yield variety or 70% of the highest seedlings of the high-quality variety.
5. The method for preventing rice from lodging according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the number of seedlings reaching the predetermined ear number in the step (3) is counted as one leaf and one core.
6. The method for preventing rice from lodging according to claim 1, wherein the field-sunning time in step (3) is 5-7 days.
7. The method for preventing rice from lodging according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the application of 45-60kg/hm of urea is added to the large-spike high-yield variety2And (4) fertilizing the rice.
8. The method for preventing rice from lodging according to claim 1, further comprising a step of pest control, in particular to control sheath blight, rice blast and rice planthopper according to a conventional method.
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| CN113079985A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-07-09 | 中国水稻研究所 | Key cultivation method for improving heat resistance of rice and application of key cultivation method in improving heat resistance of rice |
| CN113632701A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-11-12 | 中国科学院广州地球化学研究所 | Application of diatom in rice planting and cultivation method for rice diatom symbiosis |
| CN114223485A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-03-25 | 常德恒德农业科技有限公司 | Cadmium reduction method for rice |
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| CN114982575A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-02 | 江西省超级水稻研究发展中心(江西省农科院海南水稻育种中心) | Cultivation method capable of simultaneously increasing stem thickness and wall thickness of high-quality rice and reducing internode length |
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