CN112005825B - Rice lodging-resistant method - Google Patents
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- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a rice lodging-resistant method. The invention comprises the following steps: (1) increasing the seed amount; (2) spraying paclobutrazol; (3) sunning the field; (4) moisture management; (5) nitrogenous fertilizer application; (6) applying phosphorus-potassium fertilizer; (7) novel fertilizer application. The invention can promote the stable growth of rice plants, enhance the mechanical strength of the plants and realize the purpose of lodging resistance under the high-yield condition of the rice by increasing the seed consumption, further increasing the number of rice ears, reducing the weight of single-ear grains, combining with a series of comprehensive cultivation measures such as spraying paclobutrazol, sunning the field, managing the water and fertilizer and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a rice lodging-resistant method.
Background
Lodging of rice is a major problem in rice production. At present, the application of light and simple cultivation techniques such as direct seeding and the like and the water and fertilizer management technique are unreasonable in large-area rice production, and lodging under high-yield conditions is easy to cause. The lodging rice is seriously and negatively affected in yield and quality, and is not beneficial to mechanized harvesting, and the harvesting cost and loss are increased. The high yield rice variety, along with the increase of the yield, the lodging prevention measures are more and more important; high quality rice varieties, if lodging occurs, not only affect yield but also quality; under the modern agricultural production condition, large-scale and mechanized planting of rice has higher requirements on lodging prevention. Therefore, the research and application of the rice lodging-resistant technology have great significance for further improving the rice yield and promoting the development of the high-quality rice industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem that the existing rice is easy to lodge in the conventional cultivation process, the invention aims to provide a rice lodging-resistant method, which promotes the stable growth of rice plants, enhances the mechanical strength of the plants and realizes lodging resistance under high-yield conditions by increasing the number of spikes and reducing the single spike grain weight and combining with specific cultivation measures.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a rice lodging-resistant method comprising the steps of:
(1) Increasing the seed amount: the seed quantity is increased by 20 percent on the basis of conventional cultivation;
(2) Spraying paclobutrazol: spraying 25% paclobutrazol once in the period from one leaf to two leaves to one core of the rice, and applying again in the tillering stage;
(3) And (5) field sunning: draining water and sunning when the number of seedlings reaches a preset spike number in the tillering stage, sunning until cracks and white roots appear on the field surface, reducing the number of seedlings, and rehydrating when the number of seedlings enters a young spike differentiation stage 3;
(4) And (3) water management: the seedling cultivation method mainly comprises the steps of dry cultivation before three leaves of seedlings, shallow water in a tillering stage is used for irrigation, field is timely dried, the booting stage is kept moist in the field, the water layer is kept in the heading stage, and dry, wet and wet water management is adopted in a grouting setting stage;
(5) Nitrogen fertilizer application: the nitrogen consumption of the large spike type high-yield variety in the base fertilizer is 180-195kg/hm 2 The nitrogen consumption of the spike number type high-quality variety is 150-165kg/hm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the After the sword leaves grow and are shaped, adding Shi Niaosu as a spike fertilizer when the large spike high-product seeds are applied with a potassium fertilizer;
(6) And (3) applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer: n: P throughout the entire rice growth period 2 O 5 :K 2 The mass ratio of O is 1:0.7:1;
(7) Novel fertilizer application: spraying 1200-1500ml/hm in each of the tillering stage and booting stage of rice 2 A liquid silicon fertilizer; the tillering stage, the booting stage and the ear alignment stage are combined with pest control, and 900ml/hm of amino acid complex fertilizer is used respectively 2 、1800ml/hm 2 、1800ml/hm 2 Spraying once.
Further, the rice one-leaf one-heart to two-leaf one-heart paclobutrazol application amount in the step (2) is 0.9-1.2kg/hm 2 。
Further, the paclobutrazol application amount in the tillering stage of the rice in the step (2) is 1.2-1.5kg/hm 2 。
Further, the predetermined spike number in the steps (3) and (4) is 75% of the maximum seedling number of the large spike type high-quality variety or 70% of the maximum seedling number of the spike type high-quality variety.
Further, the number of seedlings reaching the preset spike number in the step (3) is counted as one leaf and one heart.
Further, the field-drying time in the step (3) is 5-7 days.
Further, the large spike high-yield variety in the step (5) increases Shi Niaosu to 60kg/hm 2 And (5) serving as a spike fertilizer.
Further, the lodging-resistant method further comprises a disease and pest control step, wherein the disease and pest control is specifically to control banded sclerotial blight, rice blast and rice planthoppers according to a conventional method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can promote the stable growth of rice plants, enhance the mechanical strength of the plants and realize the purpose of lodging resistance under the high-yield condition of the rice by increasing the seed consumption, further increasing the number of rice ears, reducing the weight of single-ear grains, combining with a series of comprehensive cultivation measures such as spraying paclobutrazol, sunning the field, managing the water and fertilizer and the like.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The materials used in the following examples can be purchased from conventional ways, the large spike type high-yield varieties adopted in the examples are Yueyu 518 and Fujia, the spike type high-quality varieties are Yueyu 143 and Fujia, the liquid silicon fertilizer used is Zhifeng brand liquid silicon fertilizer, and the amino acid complex fertilizer is Feng Ruida amino acid water-soluble complex fertilizer.
Example 1 deep two-merits 867
A rice lodging-resistant method comprising the steps of:
(1) Increasing the seed amount: the seed quantity is increased by 20% on the basis of conventional cultivation, and the conventional seed quantity of deep two-best 867 is 25kg/hm 2 The practical seed amount of this example was 30kg/hm 2 ;
(2) Spraying paclobutrazol: one-leaf one-heart to two-leaf one-heart period of rice, spraying 25% paclobutrazol once, and the application amount is 0.9kg/hm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Applying again in tillering stage with application amount of 1.5kg/hm 2 ;
(3) And (5) field sunning: calculating the preset spike number according to the number of seedlings reaching more than one leaf and one core, wherein the preset spike number of the variety is calculated as 75% of the highest seedling number, and the number of seedlings in the tillering stage reaches 297 ten thousand/hm 2 Draining water and sunning the fieldThe field time is 5-7 days, when the seedlings are sun-dried to the field surface, cracks and white roots appear, the number of seedlings is reduced, and the seedlings are rehydrated after entering the 3-stage differentiation period of young ears;
(4) And (3) water management: the seedling cultivation method mainly comprises the steps of dry cultivation before three leaves of seedlings, shallow water in a tillering stage is used for irrigation, field is timely dried, the booting stage is kept moist in the field, the water layer is kept in the heading stage, and dry, wet and wet water management is adopted in a grouting setting stage;
(5) Nitrogen fertilizer application: the nitrogen content in the base fertilizer is 180kg/hm 2 After the sword leaves grow and are shaped, shi Niaosu kg/hm of potassium fertilizer is added in a matched manner when the sword leaves are applied 2 The corn is used as a spike fertilizer;
(6) And (3) applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer: n: P throughout the entire rice growth period 2 O 5 :K 2 The mass ratio of O is 1:0.7:1;
(7) Novel fertilizer application: spraying 1200ml/hm in each of the tillering stage and booting stage of rice 2 A liquid silicon fertilizer; the tillering stage, the booting stage and the ear alignment stage are combined with pest control, and 900ml/hm of amino acid complex fertilizer is used respectively 2 、1800ml/hm 2 、1800ml/hm 2 Spraying once;
(8) Pest control: the sheath blight, rice blast and rice planthoppers are prevented and treated according to a conventional method.
The experimental variety of the embodiment is a large spike type high-yield variety, and 2019 carries out high-yield demonstration of the high-yield of the high-quality 867 ratooning rice in He Gushan stock plant of Hunan province, and under the method of the embodiment, the effective spike of the variety is 226.5 ten thousand per hm on average in regional test 2 To 297 ten thousand/hm 2 An increase of 23.74%; the solid grain number is reduced from 186.4 grains/spike to 156.0 grains/spike in the pilot test by 16.31 percent. The unit yield reaches 10888.5kg/hm 2 The increase was 7.50% over 10128.45kg in the pilot plant.
Example 2Y two-U143
(1) Increasing the seed amount: the seed quantity is increased by 20 percent on the basis of conventional cultivation, and the conventional seed quantity of the Y two-U143 seeds is 25kg/hm 2 The practical seed amount of this example was 30kg/hm 2 ;
(2) Spraying paclobutrazol: one-leaf one-heart to two-leaf one-heart period of rice, spraying 25% paclobutrazol once, and the application amount is 1.2kg/hm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The tillering stage is applied again, and the application amount is that1.2kg/hm 2 ;
(3) And (5) field sunning: calculating the preset spike number according to the number of seedlings reaching more than one leaf and one core, wherein the preset spike number of the variety is calculated as 75% of the highest seedling number, and the number of seedlings in the tillering stage reaches 283.5 ten thousand/hm 2 Draining water and airing the field for 5-7 days until cracks and white roots appear on the field surface, the number of seedlings is reduced, and rehydration is performed when young spikes differentiate for 3 days;
(4) And (3) water management: the seedling cultivation method mainly comprises the steps of dry cultivation before three leaves of seedlings, shallow water in a tillering stage is used for irrigation, field is timely dried, the booting stage is kept moist in the field, the water layer is kept in the heading stage, and dry, wet and wet water management is adopted in a grouting setting stage;
(5) Nitrogen fertilizer application: the nitrogen content in the base fertilizer is 195kg/hm 2 After the sword-leaf grows and shapes, shi Niaosu kg/hm of potassium fertilizer is added during dressing 2 The corn is used as a spike fertilizer;
(6) And (3) applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer: n: P throughout the entire rice growth period 2 O 5 :K 2 The mass ratio of O is 1:0.7:1;
(7) Novel fertilizer application: spraying 1500ml/hm at the tillering stage and booting stage of rice 2 A liquid silicon fertilizer; the tillering stage, the booting stage and the ear alignment stage are combined with pest control, and 900ml/hm of amino acid complex fertilizer is used respectively 2 、1800ml/hm 2 、1800ml/hm 2 Spraying once;
(8) Pest control: the sheath blight, rice blast and rice planthoppers are prevented and treated according to a conventional method.
The experimental variety Y two-best 143 of the embodiment is a large-spike high-yield variety, and the high-yield two-line hybrid rice Y two-best 143 of the invention performed in the county, the urban and mountain village in 2017 is demonstrated by 28583, and the effective spike 283.5 ten thousand/hm of the variety is obtained by adopting the method of the embodiment 2 The solid grain number is 201.4 grains/ear, and the unit yield is 12450-13125kg/hm 2 232.5 ten thousand/hm more than its effective ear in pilot region 2 An increase of 21.9%; the solid grain number is increased by 31.6 grains/spike and is increased by 18.6 percent; the yield is increased by 25.6-32.4%.
If the effective spike number in the pilot test is to be 12450-13125kg/hm 2 At least 42.8 grains/ear, 11.2 grains/ear, 6.6% of the solid grains/ear,the present invention has been described as substantially reducing the weight of the individual ears to be present while still ensuring high yields.
Example 3 Yueyou 518
A rice lodging-resistant method comprising the steps of:
(1) Increasing the seed amount: the seed quantity is increased by 20 percent based on the conventional cultivation, and the conventional seed quantity of Yue You 518 is 30kg/hm 2 The practical seed amount in this example was 36kg/hm 2 ;
(2) Spraying paclobutrazol: one-leaf one-heart to two-leaf one-heart period of rice, spraying 25% paclobutrazol once, and the application amount is 0.9kg/hm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Applying again in tillering stage with application amount of 1.5kg/hm 2 ;
(3) And (5) field sunning: calculating the preset spike number according to the number of seedlings reaching more than one leaf and one core, wherein the preset spike number of the variety is calculated as 70 percent of the highest seedling number, and the number of seedlings in the tillering stage reaches 382.8 ten thousand/hm 2 Draining water and airing the field for 5-7 days until cracks and white roots appear on the field surface, the number of seedlings is reduced, and rehydration is performed when young spikes differentiate for 3 days;
(4) And (3) water management: the seedling cultivation method mainly comprises the steps of dry cultivation before three leaves of seedlings, shallow water in a tillering stage is used for irrigation, field is timely dried, the booting stage is kept moist in the field, the water layer is kept in the heading stage, and dry, wet and wet water management is adopted in a grouting setting stage;
(5) Nitrogen fertilizer application: the nitrogen content in the base fertilizer is 150kg/hm 2 Nitrogen fertilizer is not applied in the later period;
(6) And (3) applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer: n: P throughout the entire rice growth period 2 O 5 :K 2 The mass ratio of O is 1:0.7:1;
(7) Novel fertilizer application: spraying 1200ml/hm in each of the tillering stage and booting stage of rice 2 A liquid silicon fertilizer; the tillering stage, the booting stage and the ear alignment stage are combined with pest control, and 900ml/hm of amino acid complex fertilizer is used respectively 2 、1800ml/hm 2 、1800ml/hm 2 Spraying once;
(8) Pest control: the sheath blight, rice blast and rice planthoppers are prevented and treated according to a conventional method.
The experimental variety Yueuyou 518 in this example is a spike number type high quality variety, and the inventor in the county of peach origin in 2017In Fude mountain village of town, in the method of the embodiment, the result shows that the Yueyu 518 has average effective spike 382.8 ten thousand/hm 2 The solid grain number is 91.6 grains/ear, and the unit yield is 8623.5kg/hm 2 342.5 ten thousand/hm more than its effective ear in pilot region 2 An increase of 11.77%; the solid grain number is reduced by 11.8 grains/spike, and the solid grain number is reduced by 11.4 percent; the yield is increased by 8.5%.
Example 4 peach UXIANG
A rice lodging-resistant method comprising the steps of:
(1) Increasing the seed amount: the seed consumption is increased by 20% on the basis of conventional cultivation, and the optimal peach flavor accounts for 30kg/hm of the conventional seed consumption 2 The practical seed amount in this example was 36kg/hm 2 ;
(2) Spraying paclobutrazol: one-leaf one-heart to two-leaf one-heart period of rice, spraying 25% paclobutrazol once, and the application amount is 1.2kg/hm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Applying again in tillering stage with application amount of 1.2kg/hm 2 ;
(3) And (5) field sunning: calculating the preset spike number according to the number of seedlings reaching more than one leaf and one core, wherein the preset spike number of the variety is calculated as 70 percent of the highest seedling number, and the number of seedlings in the tillering stage reaches 375 ten thousand/hm 2 Draining water and airing the field for 5-7 days until cracks and white roots appear on the field surface, the number of seedlings is reduced, and rehydration is performed when young spikes differentiate for 3 days;
(4) And (3) water management: the seedling cultivation method mainly comprises the steps of dry cultivation before three leaves of seedlings, shallow water in a tillering stage is used for irrigation, field is timely dried, the booting stage is kept moist in the field, the water layer is kept in the heading stage, and dry, wet and wet water management is adopted in a grouting setting stage;
(5) Nitrogen fertilizer application: the nitrogen content in the base fertilizer is 165kg/hm 2 Nitrogen fertilizer is not applied in the later period;
(6) And (3) applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer: n: P throughout the entire rice growth period 2 O 5 :K 2 The mass ratio of O is 1:0.7:1;
(7) Novel fertilizer application: spraying 1500ml/hm at the tillering stage and booting stage of rice 2 A liquid silicon fertilizer; the tillering stage, the booting stage and the ear alignment stage are combined with pest control, and 900ml/hm of amino acid complex fertilizer is used respectively 2 、1800ml/hm 2 、1800ml/hm 2 Spraying once;
(8) Pest control: the sheath blight, rice blast and rice planthoppers are prevented and treated according to a conventional method.
The experimental variety of this example, peach eugenom, was an ear number type high quality variety, and the inventor performed two-night high yield demonstration of peach eugenom (performed simultaneously with example 3) in Fude village, qing Yuan county, in 2017, and the results showed that the peach eugenom was an average effective ear 375 ten thousand/hm with the method of this example 2 The solid grain number is 87.8 grains/ear, and the unit yield is 8677.5kg/hm 2 330 ten thousand/hm more than its effective ear in the pilot trial 2 An increase of 13.6%; the solid grain number is reduced by 7.4 grains/spike, and the solid grain number is reduced by 7.77%; the yield is increased by 6.5%.
No lodging occurred in any of the above examples.
Claims (5)
1. A rice lodging-resistant method, comprising the steps of:
(1) Increasing the seed amount: the seed consumption of the large spike type high-yield variety is 30kg/hm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The seed quantity of the spike number type high-quality variety is 36kg/hm 2 ;
(2) Spraying paclobutrazol: one-leaf one-heart to two-leaf one-heart period of rice, spraying 25% paclobutrazol once, wherein the application amount of paclobutrazol is 0.9-1.2kg/hm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The paclobutrazol is applied again in the tillering stage, and the application amount of the paclobutrazol is 1.2-1.5kg/hm 2 ;
(3) And (5) field sunning: draining water and airing the field when the number of seedlings reaches a preset spike number in the tillering stage, wherein the preset spike number is 75% of the highest seedling number of the large spike type high-quality product seeds or 70% of the highest seedling number of the spike type high-quality product seeds, the seedlings are sunned to the field surface to generate cracks and white roots, the number of seedlings is reduced, and the seedlings are rehydrated when entering the young spike differentiation stage 3;
(4) And (3) water management: the seedling cultivation method mainly comprises the steps of dry cultivation before three leaves of seedlings, shallow water in a tillering stage is used for irrigation, field is timely dried, the booting stage is kept moist in the field, the water layer is kept in the heading stage, and dry, wet and wet water management is adopted in a grouting setting stage;
(5) Nitrogen fertilizer application: the nitrogen consumption of the large spike type high-yield variety in the base fertilizer is 180-195kg/hm 2 The nitrogen consumption of the spike number type high-quality variety is 150-165kg/hm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the After the sword leaves grow and are shaped, adding Shi Niaosu as a spike fertilizer when the large spike high-product seeds are applied with a potassium fertilizer;
(6) And (3) applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer: n: P throughout the entire rice growth period 2 O 5 :K 2 The mass ratio of O is 1:0.7:1;
(7) Novel fertilizer application: spraying 1200-1500ml/hm in each of the tillering stage and booting stage of rice 2 A liquid silicon fertilizer; the tillering stage, the booting stage and the ear alignment stage are combined with pest control, and 900ml/hm of amino acid complex fertilizer is used respectively 2 、1800ml/hm 2 、1800ml/hm 2 Spraying once.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the number of seedlings reaching the predetermined spike number in the step (3) is counted as one leaf or more than one heart.
3. The method for rice lodging resistance according to claim 1, wherein the time for the sunning in the step (3) is 5 to 7 days.
4. The method for rice lodging resistance according to claim 1, wherein the large spike high yield variety in the step (5) is increased by Shi Niaosu to 60kg/hm 2 And (5) serving as a spike fertilizer.
5. The method for rice lodging resistance according to claim 1, further comprising a step of controlling plant diseases and insect pests, specifically banded sclerotial blight, rice blast and rice planthoppers according to a conventional method.
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