CN111919817A - Breeding method for improving meat quality and yield of Jiangsu white goats - Google Patents
Breeding method for improving meat quality and yield of Jiangsu white goats Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of animal husbandry breeding, in particular to a breeding method for improving meat quality and yield of Jiangsu white goats, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of taking Jiangsu white goats as test objects, constructing a file of each Jiangsu white goat, recording a feed formula, feed intake, growth rate, disease information, fertility information and death information of the Jiangsu white goats, wearing ear tags on each Jiangsu white goat, feeding the Jiangsu white goat in a matched mode by adopting various feeds in different growth stages, executing appropriate exercise amount, reducing the content of grease in the Jiangsu white goats, guaranteeing physical health, improving the taste and nutritional value of the Jiangsu white goat meat, promoting the growth of the Jiangsu white goat in a matched mode of temperature control, and improving the mutton yield and the economic benefit of a farmer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal husbandry breeding, in particular to a breeding method for improving meat quality and yield of Jiangsu white goats.
Background
With the improvement of living standard and diversification of consumption of people, mutton becomes one of popular foods, and as one of meat products common all over the world, the Jiangsu white goat is a Jiangsu local goat variety with excellent skin, meat and wool, and has the characteristics of precocity, multiple lambs, strong adaptability, high fecundity and the like. The main producing area is concentrated in the area of Haimen, Qidong and Haian. Goat meat is tender than pork and has less fat and cholesterol content than pork and beef. It can tonify body, and has therapeutic and tonic effects on cough due to wind-cold evil, chronic tracheitis, asthma due to deficiency cold, kidney deficiency, sexual impotence, abdominal psychroalgia, asthenia, aversion to cold, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, emaciation with sallow complexion, deficiency of both qi and blood, and deficiency of body after illness or childbirth. Therefore, in recent years, the market has a strong demand for mutton, producers have a high enthusiasm, and the consumption of mutton is on the rise. The best quality mutton can be produced in the province. But compared with foreign meat goats, the Jiangsu white goats have small weight and low yield, and seriously affect the economic benefit of breeders.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a breeding method for improving the meat quality and yield of Jiangsu white goats.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for improving meat quality and yield of Jiangsu white goats comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing a file of each Jiangsu white goat, recording a feed formula, a feed intake, a growth rate, disease information, fertility information and death information of each Jiangsu white goat, and wearing an ear tag for each Jiangsu white goat;
step two, weaning the Jiangsu white goats 3 months after birth, injecting a vaccine, supplementing trace elements, and feeding the Jiangsu white goats from the breast feeding period to 9 weeks with a lactation feed, wherein the lactation feed comprises: 2-5 parts of goat milk, 3-6 parts of bean flour, 12-18 parts of sorghum sudanense powder, 5-8 parts of peanut vine, 0.05-0.08 part of cellulase and 0.01-0.02 part of rumen bypass lysine;
feeding the Jiangsu white goats after 9 weeks into a colony house for feeding, and sequentially feeding the Jiangsu white goats with coarse fodder and fine fodder for 2 times each day, wherein the mass ratio of the coarse fodder to the fine fodder is 5.5-7.5: 2.5-4.5, performing timed movement on the Jiangsu white goats in a colony house before and after feeding, wherein the single movement time of the Jiangsu white goats is 20min at 9-11 weeks, 30min at 12-16 weeks and 20min after 17 weeks, and the movement intensity before feeding is greater than that after feeding;
and step four, after 17 weeks, slaughtering the Jiangsu white goats when the weight of the Jiangsu white goats reaches over 40 kg.
The colony house that three kinds of steps adopted is including temperature control system, dipping spray system, rest area, raising the district, fence district, motion area and total control district, through fence district intercommunication between rest area and the raising district, fence district divides into a plurality of pavement through a plurality of fences, and every pavement can only hold a jiangsu white goat walking, is provided with the motion area in the middle of the pavement.
As a further aspect of the invention, the coarse material comprises
The coarse material comprises 15-22 parts of straw, 3-6 parts of soybean meal, 2.4-4 parts of high-dancao powder, 0.2-0.4 part of peanut vine and 0.6-1.4 parts of corn.
As a further aspect of the present invention, the concentrate comprises:
45-55 parts of corn, 3-18 parts of soybean meal, 8-16 parts of sunflower seed meal, 5-15 parts of DDGS, 2-7 parts of sesame cake, 0-8.69 parts of soybean hull, 0.01 part of feeding microecological preparation, 1.2-1.7 parts of stone powder, 0.8-1.3 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5-0.59 part of magnesium oxide, 0.5-2 parts of baking soda, 0.1-0.2 part of rumen bypass methionine, 0.6-1.1 part of salt, 0.5-1 part of rumen bypass lysine, 0-2.79 parts of molasses, 0.1 part of mildew removing agent and 1 part of ewe premix.
The preparation method of the concentrate comprises the following process steps:
weighing various raw materials in proportion,
crushing all solid raw materials into fine powder of 1.0-2.0 mm, mixing and hooking,
(3) and (3) carrying out cold granulation at the temperature of 15-50 ℃.
Among the raw materials selected by the invention,
bean pulp: the soybean meal is a byproduct obtained by extracting soybean oil from soybeans, is generally in an irregular flaky shape, is light yellow to light brown in color, and has the flavor of roasted soybeans. The main components of the soybean meal are as follows: 40 to 48 percent of protein, 2.5 to 3.0 percent of lysine, 0.6 to 0.7 percent of tryptophan and 0.5 to 0.7 percent of methionine. The soybean meal is one of animal and plant oil meal feed products with the largest yield and the widest application. As a high protein, the soybean meal is the main protein raw material for producing livestock and poultry feed.
Sunflower seed meal: sunflower kernel meal is a byproduct of sunflower kernel (with partial shell) as raw material, which is deoiled by different processes of pressing method or leaching method. The protein content of the sunflower seed meal is greatly different according to the hulling degree and is about 24-38%; according to the international feed classification standard, sunflower kernel meal with crude fiber higher than 18 percent does not belong to protein feed, but belongs to coarse feed. The amino acid composition of sunflower seed kernel is characterized by that its lysine content is less than 1.1-1.2%, and is lower than that of cotton seed cake. The methionine content is higher, about 0.6-0.7%, and higher than soybean meal, cotton meal and peanut meal, and in general, the content of essential amino acid is low, and the methionine is basically on the required horizontal line of pigs and chickens and is a low-grade material in cake meal feed. The sunflower seed meal is rich in B vitamins, the nicotinic acid content is 200mg/kg, which is 5 times of that of the soybean meal, but the sunflower seed meal is lack of carotene. The minerals also have high contents of calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc and copper.
DDGS feed, which is the trade name for distillers' grain protein feed, i.e., distillers dried grains with soluble solids. In the process of preparing ethanol by fermenting corn, starch in the ethanol is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide, and other nutrient components such as protein, fat, fiber and the like are remained in vinasse. Simultaneously, due to the action of microorganisms, the contents of protein, B vitamins and amino acid in the vinasse are all increased compared with the contents of corn, and unknown growth promoting factors generated in fermentation are contained. Rumen bypass choline chloride: choline is one of the important substrates for the synthesis of lipoproteins in ewes, and mutton sheep in the early lactation period have higher demand for choline so as to mobilize body fat for the synthesis of milk fat. At this time, the requirement of mutton sheep cannot be met only by the amount of choline synthesized in vivo, and exogenous addition is needed. Insufficient choline at the early lactation stage causes reduction in lactation yield and reproductive performance. Ruminants must feed protected choline through the rumen, and unprotected choline is almost destroyed in the rumen and does not play a role of choline. According to the invention, the palatability and the digestion utilization rate of the feed are improved by strictly controlling the mass quality of the raw materials, so that sufficient milk of ewes is ensured, and the rapid development of lambs is promoted; by adding the microecologics, rumen microorganisms are enhanced, and the digestibility and the digestive tract health are improved; by adding rumen-bypass methionine and rumen-bypass choline chloride, the lactation yield of ewes is improved, and diseases such as fatty liver and the like are prevented; by adding sufficient and balanced premix for breeding ewes, the requirements of ewes on vitamins and trace elements are met, the ewes are promoted to estrate and breed early, and the nonpregnant period is shortened.
The feeding method comprises the following steps: coarse fodder is fed first, and then fine fodder is fed.
As a further scheme of the invention, the temperature of the colony house is set to be 26-32 ℃ in the daytime and 20-24 ℃ at night.
As a further proposal of the invention, during the movement of the Jiangsu white goat, the cheerful music is played for 60 to 80 minutes every day when the goat is raised in a colony house.
As a further scheme of the invention, the colony house adopts a double-row full-arch ceiling sheepfold, three layers of sunshade nets and two layers of straw curtains are covered on the arch shed roof in warm seasons until the shed is completely dark, namely, the illuminance is 0.1-0.5 lux; the sunshade net and the straw curtain are removed in cold seasons, the plastic shed film is covered and fastened, and the film pressing line is fixed on the arched steel frame, so that the purposes of lighting, heat preservation and heat insulation are achieved, the sheep lamb-receiving, windproof and feeding shed can be used for installing a black PVC air inlet bent pipe at intervals of 1m at the lower parts of the front wall and the rear wall of the shed, and the outer opening of the air inlet bent pipe is 10cm away from the wall base; 2 black 110-type PVC exhaust bent pipes are respectively arranged at the highest parts of the left gable wall and the right gable wall, and the distance between the two exhaust bent pipes is 50-150 cm; the air inlet elbow and the air outlet elbow must meet the requirements of ventilation and no light leakage according to requirements.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the breeding method for improving the meat quality and the yield of the Jiangsu white goats, a good growth environment is provided for the Jiangsu white goats, various feeds are adopted for feeding in a matching manner, different feeds are provided at different stages, a proper amount of exercise is performed for the growth of the Jiangsu white goats, the content of grease in the Jiangsu white goats is reduced, the health of the physique of the Jiangsu white goats is ensured, the taste and the nutritional value of the Jiangsu white goat mutton are improved, and the economic benefit of breeders is improved.
Detailed Description
The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A cultivation method for improving meat quality and yield of Jiangsu white goats comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing a file of each Jiangsu white goat, recording a feed formula, a feed intake, a growth rate, disease information, fertility information and death information of each Jiangsu white goat, and wearing an ear tag for each Jiangsu white goat;
step two, weaning the Jiangsu white goats 3 months after birth, injecting a vaccine, supplementing trace elements, and feeding the Jiangsu white goats from the breast feeding period to 9 weeks with a lactation period feed, wherein the feed comprises: 2-5 parts of goat milk, 3-6 parts of bean flour, 12-18 parts of sorghum sudanense powder, 5-8 parts of peanut vine, 0.05-0.08 part of cellulase and 0.01-0.02 part of rumen bypass lysine;
feeding the Jiangsu white goats after 9 weeks into a colony house for feeding, and sequentially feeding the Jiangsu white goats with coarse fodder and fine fodder for 2 times each day, wherein the mass ratio of the coarse fodder to the fine fodder is 5.5-7.5: 2.5-4.5, performing timed movement on the Jiangsu white goats in a colony house before and after feeding, wherein the single movement time of the Jiangsu white goats is 20min at 9-11 weeks, 30min at 12-16 weeks and 20min after 17 weeks, and the movement intensity before feeding is greater than that after feeding;
and step four, after 17 weeks, slaughtering the Jiangsu white goats when the weight of the Jiangsu white goats reaches over 40 kg.
The colony house that three kinds of steps adopted is including temperature control system, dipping spray system, rest area, raising the district, fence district, motion area and total control district, through fence district intercommunication between rest area and the raising district, fence district divides into a plurality of pavement through a plurality of fences, and every pavement can only hold a jiangsu white goat walking, is provided with the motion area in the middle of the pavement.
And step four, after 17 weeks, slaughtering the Jiangsu white goats when the weight of the Jiangsu white goats reaches over 40 kg.
Example 2
A cultivation method for improving meat quality and yield of Jiangsu white goats comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing a file of each Jiangsu white goat, recording a feed formula, a feed intake, a growth rate, disease information, fertility information and death information of each Jiangsu white goat, and wearing an ear tag for each Jiangsu white goat;
step two, injecting the vaccine into the Jiangsu white goat on the day 2 of birth, performing breast feeding and supplementing trace elements in the 5 th week, and feeding the Jiangsu white goat from the breast feeding period to the 9 th week with a lactation period feed, wherein the lactation period feed comprises: 2-5 parts of goat milk, 3-6 parts of bean flour, 12-18 parts of sorghum sudanense powder, 5-8 parts of peanut vine, 0.05-0.08 part of cellulase and 0.01-0.02 part of rumen bypass lysine;
feeding the Jiangsu white goats after 9 weeks into a barn for feeding, wherein the temperature of the barn is set to be 26 ℃ in the daytime and 20 ℃ at night, and the Jiangsu white goats are fed with coarse fodder, fine fodder and refined fodder sequentially for 2 times every day, wherein the mass ratio of the coarse fodder to the fine fodder to the refined fodder is 5.6: 3:1. The coarse material comprises 15 parts of straws, 3 parts of bean pulp, 2.4 parts of sorghum bicolor powder, 0.2 part of peanut seedlings and 0.6 part of corns. The concentrated material comprises: 45 parts of corn, 3 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of sunflower seed meal, 5 parts of DDGS, 2 parts of sesame cake, 8 parts of soybean, 0.01 part of feeding microecological preparation, 1.2 parts of stone powder, 0.8 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5 part of magnesium oxide, 0.5 part of baking soda, 0.1 part of rumen bypass methionine, 0.6 part of salt, 0.5 part of rumen bypass lysine, 2.79 parts of molasses, 0.1 part of mildew removing agent and 1 part of ewe premix. Before and after feeding, the Jiangsu white goats are allowed to exercise regularly in the colony house, the single exercise time of the Jiangsu white goats is 20min at 9-11 weeks, 30min at 12-16 weeks, and 20min after 17 weeks, and the exercise intensity before feeding is greater than that after feeding;
and step four, after 17 weeks, slaughtering the Jiangsu white goats when the weight of the Jiangsu white goats reaches over 40 kg.
Example 3
A cultivation method for improving meat quality and yield of Jiangsu white goats comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing a file of each Jiangsu white goat, recording a feed formula, a feed intake, a growth rate, disease information, fertility information and death information of each Jiangsu white goat, and wearing an ear tag for each Jiangsu white goat;
step two, injecting the vaccine into the Jiangsu white goat on the day 2 of birth, performing breast feeding and supplementing trace elements in the 5 th week, and feeding the Jiangsu white goat from the breast feeding period to the 9 th week with a lactation period feed, wherein the lactation period feed comprises: 2-5 parts of goat milk, 3-6 parts of bean flour, 12-18 parts of sorghum sudanense powder, 5-8 parts of peanut vine, 0.05-0.08 part of cellulase and 0.01-0.02 part of rumen bypass lysine;
and step three, feeding the Jiangsu white goats after 9 weeks into a colony house for feeding, wherein the colony house comprises a temperature control system, a rest area, a feeding area, a fence area, a movement area and a master control area, the rest area is communicated with the feeding area through the fence area, the fence area divides the fence area into a plurality of walkways through a plurality of fences, each walkway can only accommodate one Jiangsu white goat to walk, the temperature of the colony house is set to be 26-32 ℃ in the daytime, and the temperature of the colony house is 20-24 ℃ at night. Feeding the Jiangsu white goats with coarse feed, fine feed and refined feed for 2 times every day, wherein the mass ratio of the coarse feed to the fine feed to the refined feed is 5.6: 3:1, wherein the coarse material comprises 17 parts of straws, 4 parts of bean pulp, 3.4 parts of sorghum bicolor powder, 0.2 part of peanut seedlings and 1.0 part of corns. The concentrated material comprises: 47 parts of corn, 6 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of sunflower seed meal, 10 parts of DDGS, 7 parts of sesame cake, 6 parts of soybean, 0.01 part of feeding microecological preparation, 1.5 parts of stone powder, 1.0 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.59 part of magnesium oxide, 1 part of baking soda, 0.2 part of rumen bypass methionine, 1.1 part of salt, 1.0 part of rumen bypass lysine, 2.79 parts of molasses, 0.1 part of mildew removing agent and 1.0 part of ewe premix. Before and after feeding, the Jiangsu white goats are allowed to exercise regularly in the colony house, the single exercise time of the Jiangsu white goats is 20min at 9-11 weeks, 30min at 12-16 weeks, and 20min after 17 weeks, and the exercise intensity before feeding is greater than that after feeding;
and step four, after 17 weeks, slaughtering the Jiangsu white goats when the weight of the Jiangsu white goats reaches over 40 kg.
Example 4
A cultivation method for improving meat quality and yield of Jiangsu white goats comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing a file of each Jiangsu white goat, recording feed, feed intake, growth speed, health degree, reproduction rate and death rate of the Jiangsu white goat, and binding ear tags on the body of the Jiangsu white goat;
step two, injecting the vaccine into the Jiangsu white goat on the day 2 of birth, performing breast feeding and supplementing trace elements in the 5 th week, and feeding the Jiangsu white goat from the breast feeding period to the 9 th week with a lactation period feed, wherein the lactation period feed comprises: 2-5 parts of goat milk, 3-6 parts of bean flour, 12-18 parts of sorghum sudanense powder, 5-8 parts of peanut vine, 0.05-0.08 part of cellulase and 0.01-0.02 part of rumen bypass lysine;
and step three, feeding the Jiangsu white goats after 9 weeks into a colony house for feeding, wherein the colony house comprises a temperature control system, a rest area, a feeding area, a fence area, a movement area and a master control area, the rest area is communicated with the feeding area through the fence area, the fence area divides the fence area into a plurality of walkways through a plurality of fences, each walkway can only accommodate one Jiangsu white goat to walk, the movement area is arranged in the middle of each walkway, a running machine is arranged on the movement area, the running time and the running speed of the running machine are controlled by the master control area, and the temperature of the colony house is set to be 26-32 ℃ in the daytime and 20-24 ℃ at night. Feeding the Jiangsu white goats with coarse feed, fine feed and refined feed for 2 times every day, wherein the mass ratio of the coarse feed to the fine feed to the refined feed is 5.6: 3:1, wherein the coarse material comprises 22 parts of straws, 6 parts of bean pulp, 4 parts of sorghum bicolor powder, 0.4 part of peanut seedlings and 1.4 parts of corns. The concentrated material comprises: 55 parts of corn, 18 parts of soybean meal, 16 parts of sunflower seed meal, 15 parts of DDGS, 7 parts of sesame cake, 8.69 parts of soybean, 0.01 part of feeding microecological preparation, 1.7 parts of stone powder, 1.3 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.59 part of magnesium oxide, 2 parts of baking soda, 0.2 part of rumen bypass methionine, 1.1 part of salt, 1 part of rumen bypass lysine, 2.79 parts of molasses, 0.1 part of mildew removing agent and 1 part of ewe premix. Before and after feeding, the Jiangsu white goats are allowed to move regularly in the colony house, the single movement time of the Jiangsu white goats is 20min at 9-11 weeks, 30min at 12-16 weeks, 20min after 17 weeks, the movement intensity before feeding is greater than that after feeding, and cheerful music is played every day during feeding in the colony house for 60-80 min during the movement of the Jiangsu white goats;
and step four, after 17 weeks, slaughtering the Jiangsu white goats when the weight of the Jiangsu white goats reaches over 40 kg.
Example 5
Step one, constructing a file of each Jiangsu white goat, recording a feed formula, a feed intake, a growth rate, disease information, fertility information and death information of each Jiangsu white goat, and wearing an ear tag for each Jiangsu white goat;
step two, injecting the vaccine into the Jiangsu white goat on the day 2 of birth, performing breast feeding and supplementing trace elements in the 5 th week, and feeding the Jiangsu white goat from the breast feeding period to the 9 th week with a lactation period feed, wherein the lactation period feed comprises: 2-5 parts of goat milk, 3-6 parts of bean flour, 12-18 parts of sorghum sudanense powder, 5-8 parts of peanut vine, 0.05-0.08 part of cellulase and 0.01-0.02 part of rumen bypass lysine;
feeding the Jiangsu white goats after 9 weeks into a colony house for feeding, wherein the colony house adopts a double-row full-arch ceiling goat house, three layers of sunshade nets and two layers of straw curtains are covered on the arch shed roof in the warm season until the interior of the shed is completely dark, and the illuminance is 0.3 lux; the sunshade net and the straw curtain are removed in cold seasons, the plastic shed film is covered and fastened, and the film pressing line is fixed on the arched steel frame, so that the purposes of lighting, heat preservation and heat insulation are achieved, and the sheep can be used for resisting cold, catching lambs, preventing wind and feeding sheep; a black PVC air inlet bent pipe is arranged at the lower part of the front wall and the rear wall of the shed at intervals of 1m, and the outer opening of the air inlet bent pipe is 10cm away from the wall base; 2 black 110-type PVC exhaust bent pipes are respectively arranged at the highest parts of the left gable wall and the right gable wall, and the distance between the two exhaust bent pipes is 50 cm; the air inlet bent pipe and the air outlet bent pipe have the advantages that the requirement of ventilation and light leakage must be met according to needs, the colony house further comprises a temperature control system, a rest area, a feeding area, a fence area, a movement area and a master control area, the rest area is communicated with the feeding area through the fence area, the fence area divides the fence area into a plurality of walkways through a plurality of fences, each walkway can only accommodate one Jiangsu white goat to walk, the movement area is arranged in the middle of the walkways, the temperature of the colony house is set to be 26-32 ℃ in the daytime, and the temperature at night is 20-24 ℃. Feeding the Jiangsu white goats with coarse feed, fine feed and refined feed for 2 times every day, wherein the mass ratio of the coarse feed to the fine feed to the refined feed is 5.6: 3:1, wherein the coarse material comprises 20 parts of straws, 6 parts of bean pulp, 2.4 parts of Dandan grass powder, 0.4 part of peanut seedlings and 0.6 part of corns. The concentrated material comprises: 55 parts of corn, 18 parts of bean pulp, 8 parts of sunflower seed meal, 5 parts of DDGS, 7 parts of sesame cake, 8.69 parts of soybean, 0.01 part of feeding microecological preparation, 1.7 parts of stone powder, 1.3 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5 part of magnesium oxide, 0.5 part of baking soda, 0.1 part of rumen bypass methionine, 0.6 part of salt, 0.5 part of rumen bypass lysine, 2.79 parts of molasses, 0.1 part of mildew removing agent and 1 part of ewe premix. Before and after feeding, the Jiangsu white goats are allowed to move regularly in the colony house, the single movement time of the Jiangsu white goats is 20min at 9-11 weeks, 30min at 12-16 weeks, 20min after 17 weeks, the movement intensity before feeding is greater than that after feeding, and cheerful music is played every day during feeding in the colony house for 60-80 min during the movement of the Jiangsu white goats; step four, after 17 weeks, when the weight of the Jiangsu white goats reaches more than 40kg, slaughtering comparison example can be carried out
The conventional method is adopted to breed the Jiangsu white goats in barn feeding way. Meat quality tests and yield comparisons were made between the Jiangsu white goats reared in examples 1 to 5 and the Jiangsu white goats reared in the comparative example, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 meat quality test and yield comparison of Jiangsu white goats reared in different examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from Table 1, the Jiangsu white goats reared by the methods of examples 1 to 5 are superior to the Jiangsu white goats reared by the conventional methods in meat quality, taste, pH value, cooking loss, tenderness, cooked meat rate and yield.
While the invention has been described above with reference to an embodiment, various modifications may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the various features of the embodiments disclosed herein may be used in any combination, provided that there is no structural conflict, and the combinations are not exhaustively described in this specification merely for the sake of brevity and conservation of resources. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A cultivation method for improving meat quality and yield of Jiangsu white goats is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, constructing a file of each Jiangsu white goat, recording a feed formula, a feed intake, a growth rate, disease information, fertility information and death information of each Jiangsu white goat, and wearing an ear tag for each Jiangsu white goat;
step two, weaning the Jiangsu white goats 3 months after birth, injecting a vaccine, supplementing trace elements, and feeding the Jiangsu white goats from the breast feeding period to 9 weeks with a lactation feed, wherein the lactation feed comprises: 2-5 parts of goat milk, 3-6 parts of bean flour, 12-18 parts of sorghum sudanense powder, 5-8 parts of peanut vine, 0.05-0.08 part of cellulase and 0.01-0.02 part of rumen bypass lysine.
Feeding the Jiangsu white goats after 9 weeks into a colony house for feeding, and sequentially feeding the Jiangsu white goats with coarse fodder and fine fodder for 2 times each day, wherein the mass ratio of the coarse fodder to the fine fodder is 5.5-7.5: 2.5-4.5, performing timed movement on the Jiangsu white goats in a colony house before and after feeding, wherein the single movement time of the Jiangsu white goats is 20min at 9-11 weeks, 30min at 12-16 weeks and 20min after 17 weeks, and the movement intensity before feeding is greater than that after feeding;
and step four, after 17 weeks, slaughtering the Jiangsu white goats when the weight of the Jiangsu white goats reaches over 40 kg.
2. The cultivation method for improving the quality and the yield of goat meat according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the colony house that three kinds of steps adopted is including temperature control system, dipping spray system, rest area, raising the district, fence district, motion area and total control district, through fence district intercommunication between rest area and the raising district, fence district divides into a plurality of pavement through a plurality of fences, and every pavement can only hold a jiangsu white goat walking, is provided with the motion area in the middle of the pavement.
3. The cultivation method for improving mutton quality and yield as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the coarse material comprises 15-22 parts of straw, 3-6 parts of soybean meal, 2.4-4 parts of high-dancao powder, 0.2-0.4 part of peanut vine and 0.6-1.4 parts of corn.
The concentrated material comprises:
45-55 parts of corn, 3-18 parts of soybean meal, 8-16 parts of sunflower seed meal, 5-15 parts of DDGS, 2-7 parts of sesame cake, 0-8.69 parts of soybean, 0.01 part of feed microecological preparation, 1.2-1.7 parts of stone powder, 0.8-1.3 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5-0.59 parts of magnesium oxide, 0.5-2 parts of baking soda, 0.1-0.2 part of rumen bypass methionine, 0.6-1.1 part of salt, 0.5-1 part of rumen bypass lysine, 0-2.79 parts of molasses, 0.1 part of mildew removing agent and 1 part of ewe premix.
The preparation method of the concentrate comprises the following process steps:
weighing various raw materials in proportion,
crushing all solid raw materials into fine powder of 1.0-2.0 mm, mixing and hooking,
(3) and (3) carrying out cold granulation at the temperature of 15-50 ℃.
Among the raw materials selected by the invention,
bean pulp: the soybean meal is a byproduct obtained by extracting soybean oil from soybeans, is generally in an irregular flaky shape, is light yellow to light brown in color, and has the flavor of roasted soybeans. The main components of the soybean meal are as follows: 40 to 48 percent of protein, 2.5 to 3.0 percent of lysine, 0.6 to 0.7 percent of tryptophan and 0.5 to 0.7 percent of methionine. The soybean meal is one of animal and plant oil meal feed products with the largest yield and the widest application. As a high protein, the soybean meal is the main protein raw material for producing livestock and poultry feed.
Sunflower seed meal: sunflower kernel meal is a byproduct of sunflower kernel (with partial shell) as raw material, which is deoiled by different processes of pressing method or leaching method. The protein content of the sunflower seed meal is greatly different according to the hulling degree and is about 24-38%; according to the international feed classification standard, sunflower kernel meal with crude fiber higher than 18 percent does not belong to protein feed, but belongs to coarse feed. The amino acid composition of sunflower seed kernel is characterized by that its lysine content is less than 1.1-1.2%, and is lower than that of cotton seed cake. The methionine content is higher, about 0.6-0.7%, and higher than soybean meal, cotton meal and peanut meal, and in general, the content of essential amino acid is low, and the methionine is basically on the required horizontal line of pigs and chickens and is a low-grade material in cake meal feed. The sunflower seed meal is rich in B vitamins, the nicotinic acid content is 200mg/kg, which is 5 times of that of the soybean meal, but the sunflower seed meal is lack of carotene. The minerals also have high contents of calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc and copper.
DDGS feed, which is the trade name for distillers' grain protein feed, i.e., distillers dried grains with soluble solids. In the process of preparing ethanol by fermenting corn, starch in the ethanol is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide, and other nutrient components such as protein, fat, fiber and the like are remained in vinasse. Simultaneously, due to the action of microorganisms, the contents of protein, B vitamins and amino acid in the vinasse are all increased compared with the contents of corn, and unknown growth promoting factors generated in fermentation are contained. According to the invention, the palatability and the digestion utilization rate of the feed are improved by strictly controlling the quality of a large amount of raw materials, and the rapid development of lambs is promoted; by adding rumen-bypass methionine and rumen-bypass lysine, the meat quality of mutton is improved, and diseases such as fatty liver and the like are prevented; the requirements of vitamins and trace elements of the sheep are met by adding sufficient and balanced premix.
The feeding method comprises the following steps: coarse fodder is fed first, and then fine fodder is fed.
4. The cultivation method for improving the quality and the yield of goat meat according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the temperature of the colony house is set to be 26-32 ℃ in the daytime and 20-24 ℃ at night.
5. The cultivation method for improving the quality and the yield of goat meat according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: during the movement of the goats, cheerful music is played for 60-80 minutes every day when the goats are raised in the colony house.
6. The cultivation method for improving the quality and the yield of goat meat according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the colony house adopts a double-row full-arch ceiling sheepfold, three layers of sunshade nets and two layers of straw curtains are covered on the arch shed roof in warm seasons until the shed is completely dark, namely, the illuminance is 0.1-0.5 lux; the sunshade net and the straw curtain are removed in cold seasons, the plastic shed film is covered and fastened, and the film pressing line is fixed on the arched steel frame, so that the purposes of lighting, heat preservation and heat insulation are achieved, and the film can be used for lamb receiving, wind prevention and feeding; a black PVC air inlet bent pipe is arranged at the lower part of the front wall and the rear wall of the shed at intervals of 1m, and the outer opening of the air inlet bent pipe is 10cm away from the wall base; 2 black 110-type PVC exhaust bent pipes are respectively arranged at the highest parts of the left gable wall and the right gable wall, and the distance between the two exhaust bent pipes is 50-150 cm; the air inlet elbow and the air outlet elbow must meet the requirements of ventilation and no light leakage according to requirements.
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