CN111727683B - Method for restoring vegetation of deteriorated grassland in mouse wasteland - Google Patents
Method for restoring vegetation of deteriorated grassland in mouse wasteland Download PDFInfo
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- CN111727683B CN111727683B CN202010603546.1A CN202010603546A CN111727683B CN 111727683 B CN111727683 B CN 111727683B CN 202010603546 A CN202010603546 A CN 202010603546A CN 111727683 B CN111727683 B CN 111727683B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
A method for restoring vegetation of deteriorated grasslands on mouse wasteland is characterized by comprising the following steps: utilize microenvironment configuration technique, artificial configuration slope is to and the slope, forms the microenvironment that is favorable to the community to be stable, carries out the mixed seeding with local grass seeds commonly used again, does benefit to the moisturizing after the microenvironment forms, protects the soil moisture, prevents off to prevent and removes off and makes different grass seeds stably colonize and the intergrowth in the microenvironment in combination with weeds, has created the environment that is unfavorable for rodent to perch simultaneously, has prevented the emergence of rat damage to reach the purpose of repairing the degradation meadow. The method has an important effect on the recovery of rat wasteland type deteriorated alpine meadow vegetation, the water and soil conservation and the water source conservation at the upstream of the yellow river, effectively inhibits the reoccurrence of rodents, and enables the deteriorated meadow of alpine meadow to be effectively recovered.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for restoring vegetation of deteriorated grasslands on mouse wasteland, belonging to the technical field of ecological restoration.
Background
The rat wasteland is the secondary bare land formed by the pest rat after destroying grassy vegetation. In various grasslands and peripheral areas, after vegetation is extremely or severely damaged by dominant species of rats represented by plateau rats, plateau zokors, gerbils, yellow rats, brookfield rats and the like, the destruction rate of a grass layer of the original vegetation reaches over 80 percent, first-year and second-year weed species grow, the vegetation is sparse, the structure of a plant community lamellar sheet is simplified, the coverage of the vegetation is less than 10 percent, the quantity of overground plants is almost lost, soil is loose and drought is formed, soil organic matters and soil matrix are pushed to the ground surface by the pests and the rats together, the texture becomes heavy after weathering, and the plants are gradually desertified to form secondary bare land with desertification landscape, namely a rat wasteland. On a mouse wasteland, the ground surface becomes sore and holes due to abandoned mouse holes, mouse dunes, erosion ditches and the like, the ground surface is broken, the characteristic micro landform characteristic of the mouse-damaged grassland is formed, the ground is rolled in a yellow dragon mode every time the wind blowing season for unfreezing the soil comes, and if head wind is met, the surface soil is wrapped by a winch and lifted by hundreds of meters, and sand waves are raised by dozens of kilometers. The mouse wasteland accelerates the process of grassland desertification, seriously threatens the whole grassland ecological environment, destroys the production capacity of the grassland and is one of the main reasons for leading the impoverishment of the lives of herdsmen in pasturing areas.
The alpine meadow is the main grassland of the Tibet plateau and occupies 65 percent of the area of the whole natural grassland. Due to excessive grazing, rat damage and the like, bald patches are formed in the alpine meadow, and primary vegetation of the alpine meadow is degraded into secondary weed grasslands or bald patches bare lands through wind erosion, water erosion and the like to form 'rat wastelands'. The spreading of the secondary toxic weed plants in the 'rat wasteland' threatens the normal ecological and production functions of the alpine grassland in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and the animal husbandry. With the gradual reduction of the soil nutrient supply level and the transformation capability, the loss of the living environment of plants such as fleabane and grass, and the like, toxic weeds start to invade, develop and spread. Deterioration of the grassland system is affected by the weakening and loss of soil function, which also accelerates deterioration of grassland vegetation. The height and the coverage of the deteriorated vegetation of the grassland are reduced, a proper environmental condition is provided for the occurrence and the spread of the rat damage, the pest rats bite pasture, dig tunnels and the like to destroy the grassland activity and aggravate the further deterioration of the grassland, a vicious circle of 'deterioration-rat damage-aggravation deterioration' is formed, the native vegetation on the ground surface disappears, the soil aggregate structure is damaged, the soil fertility is continuously reduced, the nutrient conversion is hindered, the adsorbability is remarkably reduced, the production and the ecological function of the grassland are lost, and the rat wasteland is formed. Meanwhile, the height and the coverage of the deteriorated vegetation in the grassland are reduced, a proper environmental condition is provided for the occurrence and the spread of the rat damage, the pest damage damages grassland activities such as grazing of pasture, digging of tunnels and the like aggravate the further deterioration of the grassland, a vicious circle of 'deterioration-rat damage-aggravation of deterioration' is formed, the primary vegetation on the ground surface disappears, the soil aggregate structure is damaged, the soil fertility is continuously reduced, the nutrient conversion is hindered, the adsorbability is remarkably reduced, and the production and the ecological functions of the grassland are lost. The expansion of the rat wasteland damages the ecological environment of the alpine meadow and restricts the continuous development of the animal husbandry, so that the treatment of the rat wasteland and the maintenance of the ecological balance of the alpine meadow are urgent matters for the continuous and stable development of the alpine meadow animal husbandry.
Distribution areas of alpine meadows are mostly cold, moist and frequent in cooling, no summer exists in winter, and shortness in spring and autumn exists. Low annual average temperature, no absolute frost-free period, short growth period of pasture and the like. Taking Luqu county, south-Gannan as an example, the sunshine hours in county are 2222 hours on average. The percentage of sunshine is 50% and the annual total radiation theoretical value is 123 kcal/cm. The annual average precipitation is 633-782 mm, the precipitation is mostly concentrated in autumn, the evaporation capacity is low, and the annual average precipitation is 1205 mm. The rain and heat are in the same season, which is beneficial to the growth of the pasture. The unique characteristics of alpine meadow provide an examination for repairing measures such as meadow reseeding and the like.
At present, most of the existing repairing measures are natural recovery after grazing is prohibited by fences. However, the natural recovery of the common deteriorated grassland has the problems of frequent recovery period, difficult effect taking and the like. For the mouse wasteland type deteriorated grasslands and along with the aggravation of the succession, the natural recovery is the retrograde succession, and the recovery of the grasslands can hardly be realized; general artificial grassland planting and no-tillage reseeding have the characteristics of low germination rate, incapability of overwintering the reseeded grasslands, incapability of updating, poor stability, shallow grass root layers and thin grass root layers due to soil texture and the like, cannot achieve soil moisture preservation and water retention, is unstable in community, and cannot achieve true restoration; the influence and the prevention on rodents are not considered in the general repaired environment, so that the rodents are easy to colonize again, a vicious cycle is formed, and a new technology is urgently needed to make up for the existing defects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a vegetation restoration method for deteriorated grasslands in mouse wastelands, which is not beneficial to inhabitation of rodents and can effectively restore the deteriorated grasslands in alpine meadows.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a mouse wasteland type deteriorated grassland vegetation restoration method, utilizes microenvironment configuration technique, artificially configures the slope to and the slope, forms the microenvironment that is favorable to the community to be stable, carries out the mixed seeding with local grass seeds commonly used again, does benefit to the moisturizing after the microenvironment forms, protects soil moisture, combines weeds to prevent and remove off and makes different grass seeds stably colonize and the intergrowth in the microenvironment, has created the environment that is unfavorable for rodent perching simultaneously, has prevented the reoccurrence of rat damage to reach the mesh of restoreing the deteriorated grassland. The specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) Enclosing: enclosing the deteriorated grassland to be repaired by using 15-20 meshes of wire netting, and then broadcasting fertilizer according to the using amount of 7500-15000 kg/ha; the deteriorated grassland to be repaired is a rat wasteland type alpine meadow deteriorated grassland.
(2) Harrowing: harrowing the soil by a medium-sized cultivator or manually, wherein the harrowing depth is 12-20 cm.
(3) Removing impurities: aiming at local advantageous weeds (such as elsholtzia densa, ligularia straminea and the like), biological preparations are sprayed to prevent and kill the weeds.
(4) And (3) microenvironment configuration: a certain slope direction and slope microenvironment is manually configured, the ridge height is 10-15 cm, the ridge width is 15-25 cm, and the ridge distance is 30-50 cm.
(5) Seed selection: selecting local common grass seeds, namely perennial grass seeds, annual grass seeds, rhizome type grass seeds and sparse cluster type grass seeds, and performing 2 or 3 combined mixed sowing.
(6) Sowing: and manually sowing the selected seeds to the bottom of a furrow formed after ridging, and manually covering soil for 1-2 cm after sowing is finished.
(7) And (5) enclosure breeding for 2-3 years.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: aiming at the characteristics of thin soil layer, variable climate, unstable community, barely exposed soil of deteriorated grassland of rat wasteland type and the like in alpine meadow pasture areas, a microenvironment configuration technology is provided, and a stable microenvironment is formed. The method has the advantages that the local common grass seeds are reused for combined mixed sowing, the emergence rate of the grass seeds and the later-stage rapid growth and symbiosis can be guaranteed, the addition of the fertilizer also guarantees sufficient nutrients in the soil, seed and nutrient conditions are provided for the vegetation recovery of the rat wasteland type deteriorated grassland, sufficient vegetation recovery is guaranteed within 2-3 years, and the method is suitable for the recovery of the rat wasteland type deteriorated grassland. And after the artificial ridging, the change of the microenvironment influences the construction of the underground rat cave, reduces the settlement and the reproduction of rodents, and also hinders the occurrence of the number of two kinds of subsequent alpine meadows with the advantages of rodents (alpine zokor and alpine rabbits). The method has an important effect on the recovery of rat wasteland type deteriorated alpine meadow vegetation, the water and soil conservation and the water source conservation at the upstream of the yellow river, and can effectively recover the deteriorated meadow of alpine meadow. The invention has the following characteristics:
(1) The pretreatment of sowing and the high-density seed application amount ensure that the seedling generation rate is higher and the seedling supplement source is enough under the condition of high altitude and in the severe climate environment.
(2) The slope direction and the slope formed by the microenvironment configuration technology are beneficial to the water retention, the heat preservation, the soil moisture preservation and the like of the grasslands, and the seedling emergence and the colonization of the grass seeds can be ensured.
(3) The furrow formed by the microenvironment configuration technology changes the inhabitation environment of the rodent. For underground rats (plateau zokors), the shallow soil layer at the bottom of the furrow is not beneficial to digging holes and the like of the plateau zokors, so that the settlement and the multiplication of the plateau zokors are reduced; for the ground mouse, the top of the ridge obstructs the visual field of the ground mouse and the plateau mouse, so that the ground mouse and the plateau mouse are not beneficial to the colonization and the multiplication of the ground mouse and the plateau mouse.
(4) The control action overcomes the chemical sensation and the like, and reduces the competitive advantage of weeds. And enough fertilizer provides enough carbon and nitrogen sources for soil microorganism metabolism to provide nutrients for plants, and the fertilizer with higher C: N ratio can improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.
Detailed Description
The proportion of cyperaceae and gramineae plants in the rat wasteland type deteriorated grassland is greatly reduced, the proportion of weeds (such as elsholtzia densa, ligularia stramonium, artemisia glauca rehd and the like) is increased, the coverage of the vegetation is reduced, the grass and rats begin to destroy turf, more and more bare land is left, and rodent animals are excessively bitten by the rodents to destroy the vegetation, so that the bare land is remarkably increased, the rat wasteland type deteriorated grassland is formed, and the grassland is not suitable for grazing any more.
The implementation principle of the invention is as follows: through enclosing, harrowing, weeds prevent and remove off, microenvironment configuration, the kind of selection, step such as seeding and earthing, utilize the regeneration and the conversion of microenvironment configuration technique and soil environment and microbial manure, make the meadow can the moisturizing, protect fertilizer, protect soil moisture and keep warm etc. broadcast the local grass species of commonly using, the microenvironment provides colonization and the intergrowth of different grass species, the emergence rate of grass species has been guaranteed, the recumbency of rodent has also been prevented, harm has been reduced, order about the natural recovery on degradation meadow.
Firstly, the mouse wasteland type deteriorated grassland needing to be repaired is defined, and is enclosed by a wire netting with 15-20 meshes, the wire netting can prevent livestock from entering the grassland, and the wire netting can also play a role in preventing large rodents from entering the grassland due to smaller aperture of the wire netting, thereby reducing the number of ground rodents to a certain extent and having positive effect on grassland protection. The grassland is firstly broadcast fertilizer after enclosing, harrows the land again, fertilizer and soil block intensive mixing, because contain multiple nutrient substance and fungus crowd in the fertilizer, can show improvement soil quality, keep soil fertility, carry out weeds simultaneously and prevent and remove, reduce the influence to follow-up vegetation such as sense of changing, carry out microenvironment configuration again on this basis, certain slope and the slope of artificial configuration can increase the fertilizer conservation, the soil moisture conservation, heat preservation etc. on grassland, select seeds and sow again on this basis. When harrowing is carried out, the harrows are 12-20 cm deep, compared with the harrows in the prior art which are shallow on the surface layer, the harrows can ensure that the applied fertilizer can be fully combined with soil to ferment in the soil, provide a good environment for the rapid growth of grass seeds, and have important significance for rapidly repairing the vegetation in the high and cold grassland.
According to the invention, a microenvironment configuration technology is utilized, the raked grassland is artificially built into the ridge and furrow to form a slope and a slope direction, grass seeds are sowed at the bottom of the furrow, so that the effects of soil moisture preservation, heat preservation, water preservation and fertilizer preservation are favorably realized, and the emergence rate of the grass seeds can be ensured even if the local common grass seeds are sowed. In addition, the grassland is fertilized before sowing to improve certain soil texture, ensure the germination rate of the grass seeds and ensure the subsequent normal growth of the vegetation.
By utilizing the microenvironment configuration technology, the ridges on the ground obstruct the visual field of (ground rats) plateau rats, the risk of predation is increased, the (ground rats) plateau rats are not beneficial to settlement and reproduction, the soil layer with shallow ridges is also not beneficial to digging holes and the like of (underground rats) plateau zokors, and the settlement and reproduction are reduced. The two kinds of dominant rodents in the follow-up alpine meadow are blocked.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by specific examples.
Embodiment 1, a rat wasteland type deteriorated grassland vegetation restoration method utilizes microenvironment configuration technology, artificially configures the slope direction and the slope, forms a microenvironment beneficial to community stabilization, then co-broadcasts the local common grass seeds, is beneficial to water retention and soil moisture preservation after the microenvironment is formed, combines weeds to prevent and kill off different grass seeds to stably colonize and symbiotically in the microenvironment, creates an environment not beneficial to rodent inhabitation simultaneously, prevents the occurrence of rat damage, and thereby achieves the purpose of restoring deteriorated grasslands. The specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) Enclosing: enclosing the deteriorated grassland to be repaired by using a wire netting with 15-20 meshes, and then broadcasting fertilizer according to the using amount of 7500-15000 kg/ha; the fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: phosphate fertilizer: the weight ratio of the microbial agent = 1; the microbial agent is a fertilizer containing azotobacter and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, so that the nitrogen fertilizer in the fertilizer is fully decomposed by soil, and the absorption of vegetation is facilitated.
(2) Harrowing: harrowing the soil by a medium-sized cultivator or manually, wherein the harrowing depth is 12cm, 15cm, 18cm or 20cm and the like.
(3) Removing impurities: aiming at local dominant weeds (such as elsholtzia densa and ligularia straminea), a biological preparation drug is selected, and the drug is sprayed to prevent and kill the weeds according to the drug use instruction.
(4) And (3) microenvironment configuration: ridging is carried out manually, wherein the height of each ridge is 10cm, 12cm or 15cm, the width of each ridge is 15cm, 20cm or 25cm, and the distance between every two ridges is 30cm, 35cm, 40cm, 45cm or 50cm; the direction of the ridges is perpendicular to the wind direction.
(5) Seed selection: selecting local common grass seeds which are perennial grass seeds, annual grass seeds, rhizome type grass seeds and sparse grass seeds, wherein 2 or 3 of the perennial grass seeds, the annual grass seeds, the rhizome type grass seeds and the sparse grass seeds are mixed and sowed.
(6) Sowing: manually broadcasting the selected seeds to the bottom of a furrow formed after ridging, and manually covering soil for 1-2 cm after broadcasting is finished; the sowing time is in the early stage of turning green of a meadow, namely the middle-upper ten days in May, and the sowing amount is generally 30 kg/ha-40 kg/ha of shawl, 35 kg/ha-40 kg/ha of rye and 160 kg/ha-200 kg/ha of oat.
(7) And (5) enclosing and cultivating for 2-3 years.
The specific implementation method of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) Enclosing and harrowing: defining a grassland to be repaired, arranging cement piles or wood piles with the height of about 2m at intervals of 5-10 m around the grassland, then enclosing the grassland by using a wire gauze with the diameter of 15-20 meshes, and arranging an access door for people to enter and exit when enclosing; after the enclosure, fertilizer is scattered according to the dosage of 7500-15000 kg/ha, and the fertilizer used in the invention preferably adopts nitrogen fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: the ratio of microbial agent = 1; the microbial agent contains azotobacter, phosphate-dissolving bacteria and the like; after the fertilizer is spread, the soil is raked by a medium-sized cultivator or manually, and the rake depth is 12-20 cm, so that the fertilizer and the soil are fully mixed.
(2) Microenvironment configuration: and (3) ridging is carried out manually, wherein the height of each ridge is 10-15 cm, the width of each ridge is 15-25 cm, and the distance between every two adjacent ridges is 30-50 cm. The microenvironment configuration has the functions of increasing the heat preservation, soil moisture preservation and water preservation of the grassland soil, and provides a better environment for the emergence rate and the later growth of grass seeds.
(3) Seed selection: annual ryegrass, sparse cluster type perennial ryegrass and rhizome type elymus nutans are selected.
(4) Sowing: sowing 70% of elymus nutans and 30% of oat in a mixed manner, manually sowing, and manually covering soil for 1-2 cm after sowing.
(5) And (5) enclosure breeding for 2-3 years. The enclosure is used for guaranteeing the self-renewal capacity of the grassland and providing guarantee for the renewal of the grassland and the stability of the grass root layer.
Example 2, a method for repairing deteriorated grassland vegetation in a mouse wasteland, wherein a mouse wasteland is a suitable place for rodents, and the control of mice is performed first. The scheme of combining the artificial capture of ground rats and underground rats, enclosure, fertilization, harrowing, microenvironment configuration, sowing, management and the like is carried out, and in addition, if a large amount of weeds exist in the barren lands of the rats, the artificial weed control can be carried out in the growth prime of the current year. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Manually controlling the mouse for the first time: the method is characterized in that ground and underground bandicoots are comprehensively and manually caught by a manual catching method. In addition, in order to guarantee the follow-up effect, compensatory rodent control is carried out on the whole area, the density of rodents is reduced, and the repairing effect is guaranteed.
(2) Weed control: during the full growth period of the current year, before seed setting, the weeds are controlled manually or by medicaments. The control is aimed at controlling the occurrence of weeds in a large area. After the weeds are prevented and removed, the emergence rate of the reseeding grass seeds is greatly guaranteed.
(3) Harrowing: fertilizing before harrowing, wherein the fertilization adopts a nitrogen fertilizer: phosphate fertilizer: 1, a microbial agent =1, which is applied by broadcasting a fertilizer according to the dosage of 7500-15000 kg/ha, wherein the microbial agent contains azotobacter, phosphate-removing bacteria and the like; after the fertilizer is broadcast, the soil is raked by a medium-sized cultivator or manually, the rake depth is 12-20 cm, the fertilizer and the soil are fully mixed, and the soil covering treatment is needed for the area with thinner soil layer.
(4) And (3) microenvironment configuration: and (3) ridging is carried out manually, the height of each ridge is 10-15 cm, the width of each ridge is 15-25 cm, and the distance between every two ridges is 30-50 cm. The microenvironment configuration has the functions of increasing the heat preservation, soil moisture preservation and water preservation of the grassland soil, and provides a better environment for the emergence rate and the later growth of grass seeds.
(5) Seed selection: selecting 70% elymus nutans and 30% rye for mixed sowing.
(6) Sowing: and (3) manually broadcasting the selected seeds, and manually covering soil for 1-2 cm after broadcasting.
(7) And (5) enclosure breeding for 2-3 years. The enclosure breeding is to ensure the self-renewal capacity of the grassland, and provides guarantee for the renewal of the grassland and the stability of the grass root layer.
Claims (4)
1. A method for restoring vegetation on deteriorated grasslands on mouse wastelands is characterized by comprising the following steps: utilize microenvironment configuration technique, artificial configuration slope is to and the slope, forms the microenvironment that is favorable to the community stability, carries out the mixed seeding with local grass seeds commonly used again, does benefit to the moisturizing after the microenvironment forms, protects soil moisture, combines weeds to prevent and removes off and makes different grass seeds stably colonize and the intergrowth in the microenvironment, has created the environment that is unfavorable for rodent to perch simultaneously, has prevented the emergence of mouse injury to reach the purpose of repairing the degradation meadow, specific operating procedure is as follows:
(1) Enclosing: enclosing the deteriorated grassland to be repaired by using a wire netting with 15-20 meshes, and then spreading fertilizer according to the using amount of 7500-15000 kg/hectare;
(2) Harrowing: harrowing the soil by a medium-sized cultivator or manually, wherein the harrowing depth is 12-20 cm;
(3) Removing impurities: spraying a biological source preparation medicament to control weeds aiming at local dominant impurities;
(4) Microenvironment configuration: ridging is carried out manually, the height of each ridge is 10-15 cm, the width of each ridge is 15-25 cm, and the distance between every two ridges is 30-50 cm;
(5) Seed selection: selecting local common grass seeds which are perennial grass seeds, annual grass seeds, rhizome type grass seeds and sparse cluster type grass seeds, and carrying out 2 or 3 combined mixed sowing;
(6) Sowing: manually broadcasting the selected seeds to the bottom of a furrow formed after ridging, and manually covering soil for 1-2 cm after broadcasting is finished;
(7) And (5) enclosing and cultivating for 2-3 years.
2. The method for repairing vegetation on deteriorated grassland type of mouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the fertilizer is prepared by the following steps: phosphate fertilizer: the microbial agent = 1; the microbial agent is a fertilizer containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphate-removing bacteria.
3. The method for repairing vegetation in deteriorated grassland type of mouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (5) in the step (4), the direction of the ridges is perpendicular to the wind direction.
4. The method for repairing vegetation in deteriorated grassland type of mouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sowing time in the step (5) is in the early stage of the green turning of the meadow, namely the middle-upper ten days in May, and the sowing amount is generally 30 kg/ha to 40 kg/ha of shawl, 35 kg/ha to 40 kg/ha of rye and 160kg/ha to 200 kg/ha of oat.
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CN113170704B (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2022-04-12 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Ecological restoration method for water erosion slope in alpine grassland |
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