CN114375628A - Method for restoring land withdrawn from desert grassland - Google Patents
Method for restoring land withdrawn from desert grassland Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for restoring a withdrawn farmland of a desert grassland, which comprises the following steps: (1) the small-area seedling raising technology comprises the following steps: selecting land, preparing land, treating seeds, sowing, irrigating, fertilizing and lifting seedlings; (2) large-area planting technology: selecting land, preparing land, selecting nursery stock, regulating and transporting, temporarily planting, mechanically planting or artificially planting, and managing and protecting. The repairing method of the invention has high survival rate of the seedling raising technology; the treatment effect is good, the method is economic and environment-friendly, has certain ecological benefit and economic value, and is suitable for large-scale popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of desertification grassland reclamation land treatment, in particular to a treatment method for repairing and planting northeast China camel hair pigeons in desertification grassland reclamation land.
Background
After the vegetation in the desert grassland is degraded, the vegetation is mainly expressed as land wind erosion and desertification, and the productivity of the grassland is obviously reduced. In order to supplement the shortage of forage grass in winter and spring, the area successively recycles a plurality of medium and small forage grass lands in a zone with underground water, mainly planting green corns. The medium and small-sized forage grasses play a certain role in the transition from winter to spring of livestock in the pasturing area, but the cultivated land reclaimed in desert grasslands does not allow the annual forage grasses to be planted due to the ecological problems of water level reduction and the like caused by perennial irrigation of arid water-deficient areas. The surface of the forage grass land after the back tillage is bare, the soil is seriously weathered by wind, the white garbage (mulching film) is more, some repairing technologies are difficult to implement due to the restriction of water conditions, the suitable dry-land forage grass has few varieties, and the vegetation is very slow to recover by nature.
The chenopodium huabeiense is perennial dryland half shrub of chenopodiaceae chenopodium, has developed root system, tall and big plant, has the characteristics of drought resistance, cold resistance, barren resistance, grazing, grass mowing and the like, and is an ideal plant for restoring the back-ploughed land of desert grasslands.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a desert grassland abandoned farmland restoration method, which utilizes chenopodium album linn to restore, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1 small-area seedling raising technology:
s11 land selection and preparation: selecting sandy loam or sandy land with water source in the seedling raising field, wherein the thickness of the soil layer is 30-50 cm, and the gradient is less than 10 degrees;
s12 soil preparation: applying base fertilizer before soil preparation; deep ploughing in autumn and spring of the next year; under the irrigation condition, the belt width is 80-100 cm, and the belt length is 15-20 m.
S13 seed treatment: friction sieving is carried out before sowing seeds of the chenopodium manshurica and direct sowing is carried out in windless days; sowing after dressing treatment with fine sand 1:1 in windy days, spraying seeds with cold water or soaking in cold water two hours before sowing to moisten the seeds and dressing with fine sand soil with the same volume;
s14 sowing method: manually broadcasting or drilling; the sowing time is from late 4 months to middle and upper 5 months; the seeding quantity is 40kg/h square meter to 60kg/h square meter;
s15 irrigation and fertilization: under the irrigation condition, irrigating water on the soles before sowing, and sowing after irrigating for 2 days; under the condition of sprinkling irrigation, bottom water is not needed to be irrigated, direct seeding is carried out, and sprinkling irrigation is carried out immediately after seeding; spraying urea when the seedlings grow to 15-20 cm;
s16 seedling raising: seedling is started in the middle ten days of autumn 10 or in the middle ten days of spring 4 in the next year;
s2 large-area planting technology:
s21 land selection and preparation: selecting a deserted grassland for land withdrawal, exposing the ground surface and sparsely planting vegetation, and cleaning white garbage on the surface of the withdrawn land;
s22 seedling selection: selecting healthy seedlings of the chenopodium manshurica cultivated in the S1;
s23 transportation and temporary planting: bundling the nursery stocks to be transported into bundles; dipping the roots with the slurry; the nursery stock is transported to a destination to be temporarily planted in time;
s24 planting time and method: planting in spring or autumn; when the water content of the soil is about 13 percent, for example 10 to 15 percent, a shrub planting machine is adopted for mechanical planting; the water content of the soil is about 8 percent, for example, a region with 6 to 10 percent adopts a manual drilling or spade planting method;
s25 management and protection: during the survival and growth period of the planted atriplex camelina seedlings, water-saving irrigation measures are adopted in drought years; and the grazing protection is forbidden for more than 3 years by adopting enclosure.
Further, the base fertilizer in step S12 is selected from the group consisting of farmyard manure 25000kg/h square meter to 35000kg/h square meter or nitrogen fertilizer 100kg/h square meter to 150kg/h square meter; in the areas with phosphorus and potassium deficiency, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are also needed, and the dosage is 150kg/h square meter to 200kg/h square meter.
Further, in the manual broadcasting or drilling mode in step S14, the row spacing of drilling is 25-30 cm; the broadcast sowing is carried out in a strip mode, and the width of the strip is 80 cm-100 cm. The sowing depth is 2cm, the soil is shallowly covered by a grass rake or dry branches after sowing, and the thickness of the covered soil is less than or equal to 1 cm.
Further, the dosage of the urea in the step S15 is 375kg/h square meter.
Further, step S16 includes mechanically lifting the seedlings of the seedling growing land planted in the strip manner.
Further, in the step S22, the length of the main root of the healthy seedling is 15-20 cm, and the height of the seedling is 30-60 cm.
Further, the temporary planting method in step S23 is a furrow planting method, wherein the furrow depth is 30cm, the roots are discharged downwards, and irrigation is performed immediately after temporary planting.
Further, the manual drilling or spade planting method in step S24 is: drilling or spade-digging holes by a portable gasoline or diesel oil drilling machine, wherein the hole diameter is 10-20 cm, the depth is 20-40 cm, the plant spacing is 60-80 cm, and the row spacing is 120cm, lateral roots are pruned during planting, the root systems are completely buried in soil, the soil dug out around is backfilled and is trampled tightly, and the seedlings are planted vertically and then watered for 1-2 times.
Further, in step S11, a land with convenient traffic, flatness, and moderate fertility is selected.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the seedling raising technology has high survival rate, the survival rate of spring transplantation is 72.6%, and the survival rate of autumn transplantation can reach more than 85%.
2. The method for restoring the abandoned grassland of the desert has good treatment effect, is economic and environment-friendly due to the adoption of a biological improvement mode, and has certain ecological benefit and economic value.
3. Through years of experimental research, the technical scheme of the invention develops large-area planting and repairing projects in inner Mongolia areas, and is suitable for large-scale popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view of fruit effect of repairing the extirpated land in the Sunit right flag and the Sunit left flag of the Sn Union in example 2;
FIG. 2 is a field planting drawing in example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The experimental methods without specifying specific conditions in the following examples were selected according to the conventional methods and conditions, or according to the commercial instructions.
Example 1
Small-area seedling raising and large-area planting technology:
1. small-area seedling raising technology
The seeds of the chenopodium manrsonii are fine, the soil jacking capacity is weak, the velvet is easy to adhere, direct mechanical sowing is not suitable, the planting mode of seedling raising and transplanting is mainly adopted at present, the transplanting survival rate in spring is 72.6%, and the transplanting survival rate in autumn is more than 85%.
(1) Land selection
The seedling growing field is selected from sandy loam or sandy land which is convenient to transport, flat, wide and provided with water sources, has moderate fertility, has the soil layer thickness of 30-50 cm and the gradient of less than 10 degrees, and is convenient for mechanical operation.
(2) Soil preparation
Applying base fertilizer before soil preparation, wherein the farmyard manure is 25000kg/h square meter to 35000kg/h square meter or the nitrogen fertilizer is 100kg/h square meter to 150kg/h square meter. In areas with phosphorus and potassium deficiency, the dosage of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is 150kg/h square meter to 200kg/h square meter. Deep ploughing 20-30 cm in autumn and spring of the next year, harrowing the broken soil blocks, leveling the ground, removing the root systems of the weeds, and storing water for preserving soil moisture. Under the irrigation condition, the belt width is 80-100 cm, and the belt length is 15-20 m.
(3) Seed treatment
The seeds of the chenopodium manshurica need to be sieved by friction before sowing, can be directly sown in windless days, and can be sown after being mixed with fine sand at the ratio of 1:1 in windy days. Spraying seeds with cold water or soaking in cold water two hours before sowing, moistening and mixing with fine sand soil with the same volume.
(4) Sowing method
The sowing time is preferably from late 4 months to middle and upper 5 months; the seeding quantity is 40kg/h square meter to 60kg/h square meter.
Adopting a manual broadcasting or drilling mode, wherein the row spacing of drilling is 25-30 cm; the broadcast sowing is carried out in a strip mode, and the width of the strip is 80 cm-100 cm. Sowing to a depth of 2cm, shallow covering soil with a grass rake or dry branches after sowing, wherein the thickness of the covered soil is less than or equal to 1cm, and pressing by feet.
(5) Irrigation and fertilization
Under the irrigation condition, irrigating water on the soles before sowing, and sowing after irrigating for 2 days; under the condition of spray irrigation, it has no need of pouring bottom water, and can be directly sown, after sowing, it can be immediately sprayed, and 3 days after sowing, the seedlings can be emerged. When the seedling grows to 15 cm-20 cm, spraying 375kg of urea per hour of square meter.
(6) Lifting seedlings
The seedling height of the seedlings in spring can reach 50-60 cm, the seedlings can be lifted in the middle ten days of 10 months in autumn, or the seedlings can be lifted in the middle ten days of 4 months in spring next year. The seedling raising land which is built in a strip mode can adopt mechanical seedling raising.
2. Large area planting technology
(1) Land selection and preparation
Selecting abandoned land of desert grassland with bare surface and basically no vegetation, and urgently needing ecological restoration and vegetation reconstruction. Raking and cleaning the selected white garbage (mulching film and the like) in the back-ploughing land by using a tractor.
(2) Seedling selection
Selecting healthy seedlings of the current year or biennial Chenopodium malabaricum without diseases and insect pests, wherein the length of the main root is 15-20 cm, and the height of the seedlings is 30-60 cm.
(3) Transportation and temporary planting
And (4) bundling the nursery stocks to be transported into bundles of 200 plants. Mixing red clay or black clay into slurry, and dipping the slurry into root to prevent dehydration of root system and increase survival rate. The nursery stock is transported to the destination for temporary planting in time, the method is a furrow planting method, the depth of a furrow is 30cm, the roots are discharged downwards, and the nursery stock is irrigated in time after temporary planting.
(4) Time of planting
The method can be planted in spring or autumn, wherein spring is generally 4 to 5 in the middle of the month, and autumn is generally 10 to 11 in the end of the month.
(5) Planting method
Mechanical planting method: ditching or punching by a shrub planting machine for mechanical planting, pruning side roots before planting, planting at a depth of 20cm, a plant spacing of 50-60 cm and a row spacing of 100-120 cm, and watering the seedlings for 1-2 times in time after vertically planting.
Manual drilling or spade planting: the soil moisture content is poor, and the water content is about 8%. Drilling or spade-digging holes by a portable gasoline or diesel oil drilling machine, wherein the hole diameter is 10-20 cm, the depth is 20-40 cm, the plant spacing is 60-80 cm, and the row spacing is 120cm, lateral roots are pruned during planting, the root systems are completely buried in soil, the soil dug out around is backfilled and is trampled tightly, and the seedlings are planted vertically and then watered for 1-2 times.
(6) Pipe protector
During the survival and growth period of the planted chenopodium hamatum seedlings, if in drought years, water-saving irrigation measures are preferably adopted; the enclosed sealing is adopted to forbid grazing for more than 3 years, and the grass can be cut and utilized after 3 years generally.
Example 2
By utilizing the scheme of the embodiment 1 of the invention, approximately 1000 mu of farmland is repaired and returned in the Sunit right flag and the Sunit left flag of the Sn Union:
planting time: the chenopodium alpinum in the test area is planted from 4 months end to 5 months middle of 2018,
a planting method of chenopodium hamatum comprises the following steps: the row spacing of the planting plants of the Chenopodium hamiltonii seedlings is 0.6m multiplied by 1.2m, the lateral roots are pruned during planting, a traction tree planter (ZSJ type) is used for ditching and inserting the seedlings, the ditching depth is 20-25cm, and the roots are completely buried in the soil.
Water replenishing: and water is supplemented twice after planting.
Managing and protecting: and enclosing and prohibiting the management and the protection of the grazing after planting.
And (3) survival rate monitoring: randomly selecting 5-10 rows of the chenopodium hamatum to observe, calculating the ratio of the number of living plants in each 100 chenopodium hamatum, and taking the average value as the survival rate of the chenopodium hamatum in the area.
Monitoring the yield of each plant: randomly selecting 5-10 rows of chenopodium camellinum for observation, selecting representative 5-10 chenopodium camel single plants in each row, cutting with 6-8 cm of stubble, air-drying, weighing, and taking the average value as the yield of the chenopodium camel single plants in the area.
The planting survival rate and the single plant yield of the Chenopodium alpinum in 8 months in 2020 of the test area are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 survival rate and yield of Chenopodium album
The repairing effect is as follows:
the annual survival rate of the Chenopodium manschotti planted in 4 months to early May in 2018 after the abandoned farmland is repaired by the method in the embodiment 1 is 60-65 percent; the average survival rate of the chenopodium album linn from 7 months to 9 months in 2019 reaches 65-70 percent; the survival rate of the chenopodium album linn is kept about 75 percent from 7 months to 9 months in 2020, and the average height of the plant reaches 60cm to 80 cm. Annual plants such as tiger-tail grass, green bristlegrass, teff grass, crown miscanthus and the like grow gradually in the 6-month test area of the camel hair quinoa in 2019, and more perennial pastures such as cryptotaenia ariscina, eleutheroma divaricata and the like are found in the 6-month to 7-month test area of the camel hair quinoa in 2020, so that the repairing effect is very obvious. The actual healing effect is shown in fig. 1.
Claims (9)
1. A method for restoring a withdrawn farmland of a desert grassland is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 small-area seedling raising technology:
s11 land selection and preparation: selecting sandy loam or sandy land with water source in the seedling raising field, wherein the thickness of the soil layer is 30-50 cm, and the gradient is less than 10 degrees;
s12 soil preparation: applying base fertilizer before soil preparation; deep ploughing in autumn and spring of the next year; under the irrigation condition, the belt width is 80-100 cm, and the belt length is 15-20 m;
s13 seed treatment: friction sieving is carried out before sowing seeds of the chenopodium manshurica and direct sowing is carried out in windless days; sowing after dressing treatment with fine sand 1:1 in windy days, spraying seeds with cold water or soaking in cold water two hours before sowing to moisten the seeds and dressing with fine sand soil with the same volume;
s14 sowing method: manually broadcasting or drilling; the sowing time is from late 4 months to middle and upper 5 months; the seeding quantity is 40kg/h square meter to 60kg/h square meter;
s15 irrigation and fertilization: under the irrigation condition, irrigating water on the soles before sowing, and sowing after irrigating for 2 days; under the condition of sprinkling irrigation, bottom water is not needed to be irrigated, direct seeding is carried out, and sprinkling irrigation is carried out immediately after seeding; spraying urea when the seedlings grow to 15-20 cm;
s16 seedling raising: seedling is started in the middle ten days of autumn 10 or in the middle ten days of spring 4 in the next year;
s2 large-area planting technology:
s21 land selection and preparation: selecting a deserted grassland for land withdrawal, exposing the ground surface and sparsely planting vegetation, and cleaning white garbage on the surface of the withdrawn land;
s22 seedling selection: selecting healthy seedlings of the chenopodium manshurica cultivated in the S1;
s23 transportation and temporary planting: bundling the nursery stocks to be transported into bundles; dipping the roots with the slurry; the nursery stock is transported to a destination to be temporarily planted in time;
s24 planting time and method: planting in spring or autumn; mechanically planting the soil with 10-15% water content by using a shrub planting machine; and a manual drilling or spade planting method is adopted in the area with 6-10% of soil water content.
S25 management and protection: during the survival and growth period of the planted atriplex camelina seedlings, water-saving irrigation measures are adopted in drought years; and the grazing protection is forbidden for more than 3 years by adopting enclosure.
2. The method for repairing a desertification grassland tillage land of claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer in step S12 is selected from the group consisting of farmyard manure 25000kg/h square meter to 35000kg/h square meter or nitrogen fertilizer 100kg/h square meter to 150kg/h square meter; in the areas with phosphorus and potassium deficiency, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are also needed, and the dosage is 150kg/h square meter to 200kg/h square meter.
3. The method for restoring deserted grassland retrogradation farmland according to claim 1, wherein the seeding mode of manual broadcasting or drill seeding of the step S14 is that the row spacing of drill seeding is 25 cm-30 cm; the broadcast sowing is carried out in a strip mode, and the width of the strip is 80 cm-100 cm. The sowing depth is 2cm, the soil is shallowly covered by a grass rake or dry branches after sowing, and the thickness of the covered soil is less than or equal to 1 cm.
4. The method for restoring deserted grassland withdrawn lands according to claim 1, wherein the dosage of urea in the step S15 is 375kg/h square meter.
5. The method for restoring deserted grassland retrogradation farmland according to claim 1, wherein the step S16 further comprises mechanically lifting seedlings from the seedling growing land which is planted in a strip manner.
6. The method for restoring retrograde plowed lands of desert grasslands according to claim 1, wherein the healthy seedlings in the step S22 have a main root length of 15-20 cm and a seedling height of 30-60 cm.
7. The method for restoring subsided farmland in desert grassland as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method of temporary planting in step S23 is furrow planting method, the depth of furrow is 30cm, the root is discharged downwards, and irrigation is carried out immediately after temporary planting.
8. The method for restoring deserted grassland retrogradation land as claimed in claim 1, wherein the manual drilling or spade planting method in step S24 is: drilling or spade-digging holes by a portable gasoline or diesel oil drilling machine, wherein the hole diameter is 10-20 cm, the depth is 20-40 cm, the plant spacing is 60-80 cm, and the row spacing is 120cm, lateral roots are pruned during planting, the root systems are completely buried in soil, the soil dug out around is backfilled and is trampled tightly, and the seedlings are planted vertically and then watered for 1-2 times.
9. The method for restoring back-ploughed lands of desert grasslands according to claim 1, wherein in the step S11, a land with convenient traffic, flat and wide land and moderate fertility is selected.
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| CN118120559A (en) * | 2024-05-06 | 2024-06-04 | 蒙草生态环境(集团)股份有限公司 | Method for treating desertification meadow grassland by using grass-filling planting bag |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN118120559A (en) * | 2024-05-06 | 2024-06-04 | 蒙草生态环境(集团)股份有限公司 | Method for treating desertification meadow grassland by using grass-filling planting bag |
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