CN102754559A - Method for rapidly planting vegetation in saline-alkali bare land - Google Patents
Method for rapidly planting vegetation in saline-alkali bare land Download PDFInfo
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- CN102754559A CN102754559A CN2012102497908A CN201210249790A CN102754559A CN 102754559 A CN102754559 A CN 102754559A CN 2012102497908 A CN2012102497908 A CN 2012102497908A CN 201210249790 A CN201210249790 A CN 201210249790A CN 102754559 A CN102754559 A CN 102754559A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of ecological engineering and in particular relates to a method for rapidly planting vegetation in saline-alkali bare land. The method comprises the steps of harrowing, building a furrow, taking aeolian sandy soil or farmland soil, mixing the aeolian sandy soil with saline-alkali soil, then mixing with seeds of perennial plants, dibbling the seeds into the furrow, and then covering, and finally carrying out pulled-type rolling. The method disclosed by the invention provides a safe site for seed germination, seedling settlement, growth and propagation of the perennial plants, and the perennial plants can quickly grow on the saline-alkali bare land in salinized and alkalized grassland. Thus, the method disclosed by the invention can rapidly increase covering power of vegetation on the grassland, reduce harm of wind erosion and water erosion in the saline-alkali bare land to adjacent grassland and farmland and protect and improve ecological environment; meanwhile, a large area of saline-alkali bare land can be utilized, high-quality forage grass is provided for development of animal husbandry, and higher ecological, economic and social benefits are produced. The method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that operation is easy, efficiency is high, cost is low, is sustainable and easy to popularize, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the ecological engineering field, particularly a kind of quick planting and establishing method for alkaline land vegetation.
Background technology
The saline-alkali bare land soil physico-chemical property is abominable, like soil with high salt content and pH value, lower nutrient component and soil available water branch, the soil texture of consolidation, hard topsoil shell etc.; Soil seed bank, soil seed pool kind subcategory is single, quantity is rare and be mostly the therophytes seed, the few or nothing of other perennial plant brood bodies.Even in rainy season, soil moisture content is higher, and in the time that surface soil salinity slightly reduces, some plant seeds are able to sprout, but during to dry season, and plant seedlings is because lower soil water potential and withered death.Therefore, the saline-alkali bare land soil physico-chemical property is abominable, seed source is rare and seedling to be difficult to settle down be the main cause that saline-alkali bare land can not self-regeneration.
Weather, geology and geomorphology, hydrologic condition etc. all are the natural causes that causes the generation salinization of soil of song-Nen plain soil.The geological hydrology factor is that salinization of soil provides material base and developmenting space; Climatic factor has determined the certainty that salinization of soil takes place; Human irrational economic utilization and activity have then aggravated the meadow salinization and alkalization, are the real driving forces that salinization of soil takes place on the meadow.Human irrational utilization; Cause grassland vegetation sociales density to reduce or disappearance like activities such as overgraze, the farmings of opening up wasteland; Vegetation cover degree reduces, and topsoil wind erosion or water erosion increase the weight of, and salinization of soil degree is aggravated gradually; Thereby form large-area saline-alkali bare land gradually, lose grassland ecology, economy and social function gradually.The extremely low or nothing of alkaline land vegetation covering power; Soil evaporativeness strengthens; Constantly the salinity in deep soil and the underground water is accumulated to the face of land, become " salt alkali source ", and through water erosion and eolian erosion; Take salt and alkali component the meadow or the farmland of periphery to, cause and increase the weight of contiguous meadow and agricultural land soil salinization of soil and become a kind of harm source.Therefore, how reverting to the meadow that vegetation covers to saline-alkali bare land apace, is the top priority of recovering saline-alkali grassland.
The improving technology of saline soil; Sum up and to get up to mainly contain three kinds of methods: 1. chemical method, through calcareous materials such as gypsuming and ardealite (" Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology ", in August, 1998; The 9th volume; The fourth phase, 425-428 page or leaf), chemical improvement agent such as acidic materials and water-loss reducer physicochemical property of improving the soil, carry out the vegetation planting then; 2. physical method drenches the salinity (" research soil and water conservation ", 2006 the 13rd the 2nd phases of volume, 32-33,114 pages) that salt, irrigation canals and ditches draining or river construction measure salt discharges such as transverse tube, drainage by shaft wells reduce soil through irrigation.Though these two kinds of methods have significant effect to the improvement saline land; But since improvement cost (4000～5000 yuan/hectare) too high with the restriction that receives factors such as some resources supplIes (like water resource, drainage condition etc.) and input/output economic benefit ratio are lower; Existing social and economic condition can not satisfy, and causes these improvement methods can not obtain large-area application and popularization.3. biological pathway, through the plantation saline alkali tolerant plant, manual work is set up litter layer or turned over modes such as pressing green manure increases the soil organic matter, improves soil physico-chemical property, increases face of land cover degree simultaneously, reduces soil evaporation, reaches to suppress the deep soil salinity and gather to the top layer.Because biological pathway is simple to operate, expense is lower, effect is obvious and have sustainability, large-area application and popularization therefore on the improvement of salt and alkaline land in many salt marsh district, have been obtained.
But present planting and establishing method is complex operation, consumption manpower and materials not only, and the plant growing of planting is slow, survival rate is low.Therefore, provide a kind of quick planting and establishing method for alkaline land vegetation to have realistic meaning.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of quick planting and establishing method for alkaline land vegetation.This method through rake the soil level, the ridging ditch, get aeolian sandy soil or farmland soil, after saline-alkali soil mixes; Mix with the perennial plant seed, hole in furrow the back earth backing, drag flat, the microhabitat that can on saline-alkali bare land, create the perennial plant seed germination that suits; Thereby ensure perennial plant seedling establishment, growth, breeding, reaching increases vegetation cover degree gradually, reduces soil salt; Improve the soil habitat, set up perennial high-quality sown pasture.
In order to realize the foregoing invention purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme:
The invention provides the method for the quick planting of a kind of alkaline land vegetation, comprise the steps:
Rake the soil level, the ridging ditch;
Get aeolian sandy soil or farmland soil, mix the back with saline-alkali soil and obtain first composite soil;
Get first composite soil and mix, obtain second composite soil with the perennial plant seed;
Get the second composite soil hole kind, earth backing, drag flat.
Soil moved in to improve the original hole kind improvement saline-alkali bare land is on saline-alkali bare land, to dig a pitting, and soil such as farmland soil are put in the hole and program request perennial grass seed therein preferably with aeolian sandy soil or other.In the practical operation operation, in order to increase work efficiency, adopt the operating type of soil hole in the furrow.
As preferably, in first composite soil, aeolian sandy soil or farmland soil are 2:1 with the mass ratio of saline-alkali soil.
As preferably, the mass ratio of first composite soil and seed is 100:2.
As preferably, vegetation is a perennial grass.
As preferably, the quality that the hole kind is specially second composite soil in every hole is 1kg.
As preferably, it is 50cm that the hole kind is specially the hole spacing.
As preferably, the degree of depth of raking the soil level is 12～20cm.
As preferably, the degree of depth of ridging ditch is 10～15cm, and the spacing of furrow is 65cm.
As preferably, the direction of ridging ditch is perpendicular to wind direction.
As preferably, the time of hole kind is that June 10 was to June 20.
As preferably, the pH value of saline-alkali bare land is 10.0～10.6, soil water content is 8.0～15.0%.
As preferably, vegetation is perennial vegetation.
Concrete, the perennial vegetation quick planting and establishing method of saline-alkali bare land provided by the invention comprises the steps:
Rake the soil level in good time, the ridging operation: according to locality meteorological data for many years, confirm 10-20 day in June before the ridging activity duration is for annual rainy season.The employing disk harrow is raked the soil level, and the degree of depth is controlled at 12-20cm, ridging then, and the furrow degree of depth is 10-15cm, the furrow spacing is 65cm.The ridging direction is perpendicular to wind direction.
Soil moved in to improve the original hole kind: sandy soil or farmland soil are mixed by different proportion with saline-alkali soil, be mixed with different perennial grass seeds then, per hundred kilograms of soil seed content are about 2Kg.In furrow, every hole soil weight is 1Kg with the composite soil hole that is mixed with seed, and hole and hole spacing are 50cm, after the hole kind finishes, adopts the dilatory dull and stereotyped iron of four-wheel tractor to drag son to drag the furrow earth backing flat.
In back 3 years, should not cradle or herd with transforming.
The present invention provides a kind of saline-alkali bare land perennial vegetation quick planting and establishing method.This method through rake the soil level, the ridging ditch, get aeolian sandy soil or farmland soil, after saline-alkali soil mixes; Mix with the perennial plant seed, hole in furrow the back earth backing, drag flat, the microhabitat that can on saline-alkali bare land, create the perennial plant seed germination that suits; Thereby ensure perennial plant seedling establishment, growth, breeding, reaching increases vegetation cover degree gradually, reduces soil salt; Improve the soil habitat, set up perennial high-quality sown pasture.
Compare with other saline-alkali bare land improvement methods, the method more effectively, planting perennial plant more apace, save modifying agent or improvement resource more, reduce operating cost, be able to promote thereby make improvement method can carry out large tracts of land.
This method has (1500～2000 yuan/hectare) simple to operate, effective, with low cost, improved effect is sustainable, be prone to characteristics such as popularization, for the quick planting of perennial vegetation of saline-alkali bare land in the severe saline-alkali grassland provides new approaches and new method.This method can produce significant ecological benefits in the short period of time, increases saline-alkali grassland vegetation covering power fast, and vegetation cover degree can reach more than 90% in 1 year; Eliminate saline-alkali bare land wind erosion and water erosion destruction to contiguous meadow and farmland; Soil physico-chemical property improves.On this basis; Can also improve soil physico-chemical property; Set up the microhabitat; For perennial plant seed germination, seedling establishment, growth, growth and breeding provide safety on the spot, thereby reach the purpose of the perennial vegetation of planting on saline-alkali bare land fast, recover Grassland ecosystems ecological functions and service function.Simultaneously, can also obtain remarkable social benefit and economic benefit, can fast saline-alkali bare land be reverted to the perennial high-quality sown pasture of high economic worth, sustainable use, improve the meadow productivity.
Embodiment
The invention discloses a kind of quick planting and establishing method for alkaline land vegetation, those skilled in the art can use for reference this paper content, suitably improve technological parameter and realize.Special needs to be pointed out is that all similarly replace and change apparent to those skilled in the art, they all are regarded as and are included in the present invention.Method of the present invention and application are described through preferred embodiment; The related personnel obviously can change or suitably change and combination methods and applications as herein described in not breaking away from content of the present invention, spirit and scope, realizes and use technology of the present invention.
Used seed and reagent all can be buied by market in the quick planting and establishing method for alkaline land vegetation provided by the invention.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further set forth the present invention:
Embodiment 1
Practical implementation of the present invention place is positioned at east, DORBOD alliance Ta Laha town, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province severe deteriorate grassland, the geographical position be N45 ° 53 '～47 ° 08 ', E123 ° 45 '～124 ° 42 '; Mean sea level 152m belongs to the continental monsoon climate in temperate zone, and spring is windy and dusty; Precipitation is few, and average annual precipitation is about 400mm, and major part concentrates on the 7-9 month; The number of days that 3.6～4.4 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, monthly mean temperature are stabilized in more than 0 ℃ is 210d, frost-free season 140d; Period of freezing winter, frost free period was in the first tenday period of a month in May in early November.Soil types is mainly meadow soil.The pH value of saline-alkali bare land is 10.0～10.6, soil water content is 8.0～15.0%.Vegetation is typical deteriorate grassland characteristic in the appearance ground, plant average height 20cm, total cover-degree<5%, output 10gm
-2, mainly be distributed with sedge (Carex duriuscula) and highly be 5-10cm, account for total biomass 20%; Angle alkali fluffy (Suaeda corniculata) accounts for total biomass 40%; Speedwell (Chloris virgata) is 20cm highly, accounts for total biomass 30%; Alkali ground dandelion (Taraxacum sinicum) highly is 12cm.Sociales are speedwell.Be the severe saline-alkali grassland, the alkaline spot area accounts for more than 90%.
The present invention is according to locality meteorological data result for many years, be determined at 6 months at the beginning of rainy season implement operation before arriving.May 25, adopt disk breach heavy duty harrow to rake the soil level (2 groups of 20 blades), controlling the degree of depth of raking the soil level is 15-20cm.June 10, adopt the ridging of agricultural 20 horsepowers of tractor three-share mounted ploughs, the ridge interstation is apart from being 65cm, ridge platform and furrow vertical depth are about 15-20cm.Employing is distinguished the prescription formula at random and is set up the sub-district, and the sub-district area is 3 * 3m, and the minizone distance is 1m.Aeolian sandy soil on the lump is mixed for 2:1,1:1,1:2,1:3 with alkaline earth by volume; With sheep's hay (Leymus chinensis), alkali thatch (Puccinellia tenuiflora) and wild barley (Hordeun brevisubulatun) seed and above-mentioned composite soil mixing, seed content is to contain about 0.1Kg in the per kilogram composite soil then.In furrow, every hole composite soil weight is about 1Kg with the above-mentioned composite soil difference hole that is mixed with seed, and hole and hole spacing are about 50cm.After the hole kind finishes, adopt the dilatory iron of four-wheel tractor to drag son to drag the furrow earth backing flat.After implementing operation, experiment appearance ground carries out the fence taboo and herds.
After the present invention implemented, various hole plantations were reduced along with aeolian sandy soil and saline-alkali soil proportioning ratio by cover degree and reduce (seeing table 1), and aeolian sandy soil and saline-alkali soil proportioning are 2:1, and vegetation cover degree reaches 90-95%.After implementing operation, the growth of therophytes speedwell is swift and violent, and density and ground biomass also are to reduce (seeing table 2, table 3) along with aeolian sandy soil and the reduction of saline-alkali soil proportioning ratio.
Vegetation cover degree (%) after the table 1 soil moved in to improve the original hole kind
Therophytes speedwell density (strain/m after the table 2 soil moved in to improve the original hole kind
2)
Therophytes speedwell ground biomass (g/m after the table 3 soil moved in to improve the original hole kind
2)
Perennial plant alkali thatch, sheep's hay and wild barley density and ground biomass after the enforcement operation; Also descend and (see table 4 along with the reduction of aeolian sandy soil and saline-alkali soil proportioning ratio; Table 5), the aeolian sandy soil of high level being described more helps perennial plant planting on saline-alkali bare land.
Table 4 soil moved in to improve the original hole kind appearance ground perennial plant density (strain/m
2)
Table 5 soil moved in to improve the original hole kind appearance ground perennial plant ground biomass (g/m
2)
After implementing operation, the soil physico-chemical property of hole kind improves.Soil salt, soil pH value, soluble sodium plasma all descend along with the proportioning ratio of aeolian sandy soil and saline-alkali soil and reduce, and the improvement that more helps soil physico-chemical property than the aeolian sandy soil of high mixture ratio is described.
Table 6 hole kind appearance ground soil property
Soil is relevant with the aeolian sandy soil ratio with the improved effect of vegetation, and aeolian sandy soil and saline-alkali soil proportioning ratio are high more, and improved effect is obvious more.Therefore in improved production, should adopt a high proportion of aeolian sandy soil hole kind.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; Can also make some improvement and retouching, these improvement and retouching also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the method for the quick planting of alkaline land vegetation is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Rake the soil level, the ridging ditch;
Get aeolian sandy soil or farmland soil, mix the back with saline-alkali soil and obtain first composite soil;
Get said first composite soil and mix, obtain second composite soil with said plant seed;
Get the said second composite soil hole kind, earth backing, drag flat.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in said first composite soil, said aeolian sandy soil or farmland soil are 2:1 with the mass ratio of said saline-alkali soil.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the mass ratio of said first composite soil and said seed is 100:2.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the quality that said hole kind is specially second composite soil described in every hole is 1kg.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, it is 50cm that said hole kind is specially the hole spacing.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the said degree of depth of raking the soil level is 12～20cm.
7. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the degree of depth of said ridging ditch is 10～15cm, and the spacing of said furrow is 65cm.
8. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the direction of said ridging ditch is perpendicular to wind direction.
9. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the time of said hole kind is that June 10 was to June 20.
10. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the pH value of said saline-alkali bare land is 10.0～10.6, soil water content is 8.0～15.0%.
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103782917A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-05-14 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Rail separating method of zoning rotational grazing |
| CN103782761A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-05-14 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for building artificial pasture in low-humidity saline and alkaline land |
| CN104663202A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-06-03 | 葛加君 | Method for planting plants by changing soil, ridging and reducing salinity to promote rooting |
| CN104663221A (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2015-06-03 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Method for quickly breeding sand scutellaria baicalensis in saline-alkali soil |
| CN104885611A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2015-09-09 | 青岛袁策生物科技有限公司 | Method for improving soil saline alkali |
| CN104920149A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-23 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Method for promoting coconut trees or pandanus tectorius to settle down and bear fruits in non-coastal sandy land |
| CN105900731A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-08-31 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Method of carrying out original soil greening on sandy soil containing sulfate with nutrient soil containing garden soil |
| CN106069000A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-09 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of utilize Semen Nelumbinis method of rapid build Flos Nelumbinis view on degeneration salt-soda soil |
| CN106068740A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-09 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | A kind of Sandy Grassland seed bank Activiation method and application |
| CN106489465A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2017-03-15 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of in heavy salinized the method for recovering sheep's hay vegetation in the north |
| CN107047010A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-08-18 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | It is a kind of to recover alkali thatch and the method for Puccinellia tenuiflora in salt-soda soil |
| CN111480412A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-04 | 北京市农林科学院 | Method for planting vegetation in sand storm area |
| CN111727683A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-02 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for restoring vegetation of deteriorated grassland in mouse wasteland |
| CN113068556A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-07-06 | 王梅 | Leaf-free false horsetail seedling auxiliary updating method |
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103782917A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-05-14 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Rail separating method of zoning rotational grazing |
| CN103782761A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-05-14 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for building artificial pasture in low-humidity saline and alkaline land |
| CN104663202A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-06-03 | 葛加君 | Method for planting plants by changing soil, ridging and reducing salinity to promote rooting |
| CN104663221A (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2015-06-03 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Method for quickly breeding sand scutellaria baicalensis in saline-alkali soil |
| CN104920149A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-23 | 中国科学院华南植物园 | Method for promoting coconut trees or pandanus tectorius to settle down and bear fruits in non-coastal sandy land |
| CN104885611A (en) * | 2015-06-19 | 2015-09-09 | 青岛袁策生物科技有限公司 | Method for improving soil saline alkali |
| CN105900731A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-08-31 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Method of carrying out original soil greening on sandy soil containing sulfate with nutrient soil containing garden soil |
| CN106069000A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-11-09 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of utilize Semen Nelumbinis method of rapid build Flos Nelumbinis view on degeneration salt-soda soil |
| CN106068740A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-11-09 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | A kind of Sandy Grassland seed bank Activiation method and application |
| CN106489465A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2017-03-15 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | A kind of in heavy salinized the method for recovering sheep's hay vegetation in the north |
| CN106489465B (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2020-04-28 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for recovering leymus chinensis vegetation in severe northern saline-alkali soil |
| CN107047010A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-08-18 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | It is a kind of to recover alkali thatch and the method for Puccinellia tenuiflora in salt-soda soil |
| CN111480412A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-08-04 | 北京市农林科学院 | Method for planting vegetation in sand storm area |
| CN111727683A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-02 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for restoring vegetation of deteriorated grassland in mouse wasteland |
| CN113068556A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-07-06 | 王梅 | Leaf-free false horsetail seedling auxiliary updating method |
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Application publication date: 20121031 |