CN111670630A - Straw returning method and straw returning comprehensive soil preparation machine - Google Patents

Straw returning method and straw returning comprehensive soil preparation machine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111670630A
CN111670630A CN202010717985.5A CN202010717985A CN111670630A CN 111670630 A CN111670630 A CN 111670630A CN 202010717985 A CN202010717985 A CN 202010717985A CN 111670630 A CN111670630 A CN 111670630A
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China
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frame
preparation machine
straw
gearbox
roller
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CN202010717985.5A
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Chinese (zh)
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沈立军
高向朝
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Individual
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00Combined machines
    • A01B49/04Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D82/00Crop conditioners, i.e. machines for crushing or bruising stalks

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a straw returning method and a straw returning comprehensive soil preparation machine, wherein the returning method comprises the following steps: crushing, stubble cleaning, rotary tillage, ridging and spraying of corrosive bacteria liquid; compared with the land parcel which is partially returned to the field or not returned to the field after returning the field in the whole quantity, the method has the following characteristics: the soil moisture preservation effect is better than that of a contrast plot, and the drought resistance is improved; the ground temperature is improved by 1-4 ℃ compared with the ground temperature of a comparison plot, and the early maturing can be carried out for 7-10 days; the fertilizer has the advantages that the fertility is increased, the straw fertilizer after returning to the field takes effect in the same year, can be maintained for 2-3 years, and is fully decomposed in soil into the fertilizer. The comprehensive soil preparation machine for returning straws to fields has series products, strong adaptability, and can be matched with one of large tractors and small tractors, and the comprehensive soil preparation machine for returning straws to fields has the series products from 2 ridges to 7 ridges for being selected by tractors with different horsepower.

Description

Straw returning method and straw returning comprehensive soil preparation machine
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of farming technology and equipment, in particular to a straw returning method and a straw returning comprehensive soil preparation machine.
Background
Since ancient times, the corn is ploughed and harvested in spring and autumn, the straws are abandoned after the corn is harvested, the straws are used for heating, cooking and feeding livestock in rural areas in the past, the living standard of farmers is improved in recent years, the straws are burnt for cooking a few times, gas and electric appliances are used as substitutes, the straws are abandoned in large quantities, in order to avoid mistaking farming season, collective burning causes air pollution, the effective utilization amount is less, the problem of residual straws cannot be thoroughly solved, the farming season is very tight, the straws are not treated in time, and the agricultural production in the next season can be influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a straw returning method and a straw returning comprehensive soil preparation machine, which can return all or part of straws to the field, solve the problem that the straws cannot be treated, increase the soil fertility and improve the yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a straw returning method comprises the following steps:
the corn stalks harvested by the corn combine harvester are in various states, are laid down and half-cut in the field, and need to be selected and matched with a tractor to pull the stalks to return to the field to be operated by the comprehensive soil preparation machine,
(1) crushing, wherein the length of the crushed straw is not more than 5 cm, otherwise, the rotation number of a cutter shaft or the distance between the cutters of the straw crusher is adjusted;
(2) stubble cleaning and rotary tillage, wherein the straws after stubble cleaning and rotary tillage are fiberized, otherwise, the rotation number of a cutter shaft or the distance between the cutters is adjusted;
(3) making ridges, wherein the ridge depth operation requirement is met, otherwise, the height of the plow shank is adjusted;
(4) spraying corrosive bacteria liquid, and adding proper amount according to soil humidity, hardening degree and straw moisture.
The invention adopts the straw returning comprehensive soil preparation machine to operate at one time, and the crushing, stubble cleaning, rotary tillage, ridging and corrosive bacteria liquid spraying are all completed, thereby having high efficiency and saving farming time.
The straw corrosion bacteria agent used in the invention provides powder for manufacturers, the straw corrosion bacteria agent is returned to the field in full amount, 10-12 tons of straw and 5 kilograms of corrosion bacteria agent are added to each soil moisture, the corrosion bacteria agent is prepared by adding 50 kilograms of water to each kilogram of corrosion bacteria agent according to the standard use proportion, 250 kilograms of water can be sprayed to each soil moisture, the water consumption can be properly increased in the drought scene, and the function of is achieved by the way of irrigation, otherwise, the water consumption is reduced.
The operation is completed before the ground is frozen (northeast area), the corn straw is returned to the field in the soil after the operation of the comprehensive soil preparation machine, the straw absorbs corrosive bacteria liquid in the soil, after at least 6 months (depending on the region) in winter and spring, the straw in the soil can be better corroded and fermented, which is the first stage, the second stage is after the formed good biological fertilizer is sowed for a period of time and before autumn harvest, in the second stage, the soil is fluffy, the crops obtain good fertilizer, so the growth is vigorous, the fertilizer using amount is reduced, the water and soil protection is facilitated, the soil is improved, the good agroecology can be formed after long-term insisting, the rotation with other crops is facilitated, and the country and the people are benefited.
Compared with the land parcels which are returned to the field partially and the land parcels which are not returned to the field after returning the field fully, the method has the following characteristics:
1. the soil moisture preservation effect is better than that of a contrast plot, and the drought resistance is improved;
2. the ground temperature is improved by 1-4 ℃ compared with the ground temperature of a comparison plot, and the early maturing can be carried out for 7-10 days;
3. the fertilizer has the advantages that the fertility is increased, the straw fertilizer after returning to the field takes effect in the same year, can be maintained for 2-3 years, and is fully decomposed in soil into the fertilizer.
The equipment used in the invention is as follows: a straw returning comprehensive soil preparation machine comprises: preceding frame, midframe and after-frame, preceding frame be straw crushing part, include: the front part of the front frame is provided with the traction frame, the upper part of the front frame is provided with a main gearbox, the rear part of the front frame is provided with a fan and a transmission system, the lower part of the front frame is provided with a crushing roller, and the crushing roller is provided with a crushing knife; the midframe is stubble-cleaning, rotary tillage, ridging, dropping liquid part, and the midframe includes: the upper part of the middle frame is provided with a partial gearbox, a bacteria liquid tank and a liquid dropping pipe, the lower front end of the middle frame is provided with a stubble cleaning roller, the middle part of the middle frame is provided with a rotary tillage roller, the rear part of the middle frame is provided with a ridging plough, and a bearing seat are arranged between the crushing roller and the front frame side plate, between the stubble cleaning roller and the rotary tillage roller and between the crushing roller and the middle frame side plate; the outer side of one side plate of the middle rack is provided with an auxiliary gearbox, the outer side of the other side plate of the middle rack is provided with a belt pulley, the rear rack is hinged to the rear part of the middle rack, and the rear rack is a supporting part and comprises a rear beam, a lifting oil cylinder and a travelling wheel, and the rear beam and a rear upright column on the middle rack are arranged in a triangular mode.
The back beam of the front frame and the front beam of the middle frame are provided with upright posts, a pulling plate is arranged between the front frame and the middle frame and hinged on the front frame and the middle frame, and the two upright posts are connected by an adjusting bolt and used for adjusting parameters such as level, height and the like between the two frames.
The front frame is rigidly connected with the middle frame, so that the upright posts, the pull plates and the adjusting bolts are saved, the structure is simplified, the space is saved, and the defects that the stubble cleaning depth and the rotary tillage depth cannot be adjusted are overcome.
The main gearbox is connected with the sub-gearbox through a transmission system, one side of the sub-gearbox is connected with the auxiliary gearbox through a universal transmission shaft, and the other side of the sub-gearbox is in transmission connection with the belt pulley through the universal transmission shaft.
The universal transmission shaft adopts telescopic connection.
The rotary knives on the crushing roller, the stubble cleaning roller and the rotary tillage roller are spirally arranged around the shaft.
Dust covers are arranged on the crushing roller, the stubble cleaning roller and the rotary tillage roller.
The ridge-making plough can be set at 2-7 ridges, the power of more than five ridges needs to be increased, in order to reduce the load of the tractor, the stubble cleaning and rotary tillage can be driven by a diesel engine which needs more than 90 horsepower.
The transmission system includes: the main belt wheel receives power of a main gearbox through a universal coupling, the power is transmitted to the branch belt wheel, the branch belt wheel drives a fan blade to rotate, the other part of the main belt wheel transmits the power to the branch gearbox through a universal transmission shaft, the branch gearbox is connected with an auxiliary gearbox through one end of the universal transmission shafts on two sides to drive a rotary tillage roller, and the other end of the branch gearbox is connected with the belt wheel to drive a stubble cleaning roller.
The invention can adjust the wheel distance of the lifting oil cylinder and the walking wheel of the rear frame and adjust the distance between each roller and the ground and the ridge forming depth according to the requirement of the straw returning operation depth because the pull plate and the adjusting bolt are arranged between the front frame and the middle frame. The transmission system receives power of a main gearbox through a universal coupling by a main belt pulley, transmits the power to a branch belt pulley, the branch belt pulley drives a fan blade to rotate, the other part of the main belt pulley transmits the power to a branch gearbox through a universal transmission shaft, one end of the branch gearbox, which passes through universal transmission shafts on two sides, is connected with an auxiliary gearbox to drive a rotary tillage roller, and the other end of the branch gearbox is connected with a belt pulley to drive a stubble cleaning roller. The invention has simple, compact and reasonable structure, and better meets the requirement of returning the straws to the field and soil preparation at one time.
The comprehensive soil preparation machine for returning straws to fields has series products, strong adaptability, and can be matched with one of large tractors and small tractors, and the comprehensive soil preparation machine for returning straws to fields has the series products from 2 ridges to 7 ridges for being selected by tractors with different horsepower.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a view C-C of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a view taken along line B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a front view of another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a top view of fig. 6.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a traction frame, 2 parts of a main beam, 3 parts of a crushing cutter, 4 parts of a crushing roller, 5 parts of a front frame side plate, 6 parts of a stubble cleaning roller, 7 parts of a middle frame side plate, 8 parts of a rotary tillage roller, 9 parts of a plough frame, 10 parts of a plough share, 11 parts of a rear beam, 12 parts of a travelling wheel, 13 parts of a lifting cylinder, 14 parts of a speed division box, 15 parts of an auxiliary speed changing box, 16 parts of a middle frame, 17 parts of a vertical pile, 18 parts of an adjusting bolt, 19 parts of a fan, 20 parts of a transmission system, 21 parts of a dust cover, 22 parts of a main speed changing box, 23 parts of a rear upright post, 24 parts of a pulling plate, 25 parts of a bacteria liquid.
Detailed Description
As shown in the figure, the invention relates to a straw returning comprehensive soil preparation machine, which comprises: preceding frame, midframe and after-frame, preceding frame be straw crushing part, include: the crushing device comprises a traction frame 1, a main beam 2, a rear beam and two front frame side plates 5, wherein the traction frame is arranged at the front part of the front frame, a main gearbox 22 is arranged at the upper part of the front frame, a fan 19 and a transmission system 20 are arranged at the rear part of the front frame, a crushing roller 4 is arranged at the lower part of the front frame, and a crushing knife 3 is arranged on the crushing roller; the midframe is stubble-cleaning, rotary tillage, ridging, dropping liquid part, and midframe 16 includes: the device comprises a front cross beam, a rear cross beam and two middle frame side plates 7, wherein the upper part of the middle frame is provided with a partial gearbox 14, a bacteria liquid tank 25 and a liquid dropping pipe 26, the front end of the lower part of the middle frame is provided with a stubble cleaning roller 6, the middle part of the lower part of the middle frame is provided with a rotary tillage roller 8, the rear part of the lower part of the middle frame is provided with a ridging plough, and bearings and bearing seats are arranged between a crushing roller 4 and the front frame side plates 5, between the stubble; the outer side of one side plate of the middle rack is provided with an auxiliary gearbox 15, the outer side of the other side plate of the middle rack is provided with a belt pulley, the rear rack is hinged at the rear part of the middle rack, and the rear rack is a supporting part and comprises a rear beam 11, a lifting oil cylinder 13 and a travelling wheel 12, and the rear beam and a rear upright post 23 on the middle rack are arranged in a triangular mode.
Upright posts 17 are arranged on a rear beam of the front frame and a front cross beam of the middle frame, a pulling plate is arranged between the front frame and the middle frame, the pulling plate 24 is hinged on the front frame and the middle frame, and the two upright posts are connected by adjusting bolts 18 and used for adjusting parameters such as level, height and the like between the two frames.
The front frame is rigidly connected with the middle frame, so that the upright posts, the pull plates and the adjusting bolts are saved, the structure is simplified, the space is saved, and the defects that the stubble cleaning depth and the rotary tillage depth cannot be adjusted are overcome.
The main gear box 22 is connected with the sub gear box 14 through a transmission system 20, one side of the sub gear box 14 is connected with the auxiliary gear box 15 through a universal transmission shaft, and the other side of the sub gear box is in transmission connection with a belt pulley through the universal transmission shaft.
The universal transmission shaft adopts telescopic connection.
The rotary knives on the crushing roller 4, the stubble cleaning roller 6 and the rotary tillage roller 8 are spirally arranged around the shaft.
Dust covers 21 are arranged on the crushing roller, the stubble cleaning roller 6 and the rotary tillage roller.
The ridge-making plough can be set at 2-7 ridges, the power of more than five ridges needs to be increased, in order to reduce the load of the tractor, the stubble cleaning and rotary tillage can be driven by a diesel engine which needs more than 90 horsepower. .
The transmission system includes: the main belt pulley receives power of a main gearbox through a universal coupling, the power is transmitted to the branch belt pulley, the branch belt pulley drives a fan blade to rotate, the other part of the main belt pulley transmits the power to a branch gearbox 14 through a universal transmission shaft, the branch gearbox is connected with an auxiliary gearbox 15 through one end of the universal transmission shafts on two sides to drive a rotary tillage roller 8, and the other end of the branch gearbox is connected with a belt pulley to drive a stubble cleaning roller 6.
Principle of operation
When the machine works in the field, the height of the tractor traction frame, the pull plate and the adjusting bolt between the front frame and the middle frame are adjusted, the wheel pitches of the lifting oil cylinder and the travelling wheels of the rear frame are adjusted, and the distance between each roller and the ground and the ridge forming depth are adjusted according to the requirement of the straw returning operation depth.
During operation, the crushed straws are sucked by the fan, blown out from the fan outlet and raised to the ground behind the machine for ridging, the fan is used for adjusting the ratio of the straws in the soil, the soil is excessively loosened due to excessive straws in the soil, is not easy to protect, the growth of crops is influenced, and the rest straws are subjected to stubble cleaning and rotary tillage for ridging.
The prepared humic bacteria liquid flows out of the liquid dropping pipe to the ground and goes deep into the soil due to the action of gravity in the bacteria liquid tank.

Claims (10)

1. A straw returning method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: the corn stalks harvested by the corn combine harvester are in various states, are lodging and half in the field, and need to be selectively matched with a tractor to pull the corn stalks to return to the field to be operated by the comprehensive soil preparation machine:
(1) crushing, wherein the length of the crushed straw is not more than 5 cm, otherwise, the rotation number of a cutter shaft or the distance between the cutters of the straw crusher is adjusted;
(2) stubble cleaning and rotary tillage, wherein the straws after stubble cleaning and rotary tillage are fiberized, otherwise, the rotation number of a cutter shaft or the distance between the cutters is adjusted;
(3) making ridges, wherein the ridge depth operation requirement is met, otherwise, the height of the plow shank is adjusted;
(4) spraying corrosive bacteria liquid, and adding proper amount according to soil humidity, hardening degree and straw moisture.
2. A straw returning comprehensive soil preparation machine comprises: preceding frame, midframe and after-frame, its characterized in that: the front frame is a straw crushing part and comprises: the device comprises a traction frame 1, a main beam (2), a rear beam and two front frame side plates (5), wherein the traction frame is arranged at the front part of the front frame, a main gear box (22) is arranged at the upper part of the front frame, a fan (19) and a transmission system (20) are arranged at the rear part of the front frame, a crushing roller 4 is arranged at the lower part of the front frame, and a crushing knife (3) is arranged on the crushing roller; the midframe is stubble-cleaning, rotary tillage, ridging, dropping liquid part, and midframe (16) includes: the device comprises a front cross beam, a rear cross beam and two middle frame side plates (7), wherein the upper part of the middle frame is provided with a partial gearbox (14), a bacteria liquid tank (25) and a liquid dropping pipe (26), the lower front end of the middle frame is provided with a stubble cleaning roller (6), the middle part of the middle frame is provided with a rotary tillage roller (8), the rear part of the middle frame is provided with a ridging plough, and bearings and bearing seats are arranged between a crushing roller (4) and the front frame side plate (5), between the stubble cleaning roller (6) and between the rotary tillage roller and the middle; the outer side of one side plate of the middle rack is provided with an auxiliary gearbox (15), the outer side of the other side plate of the middle rack is provided with a belt pulley, the rear rack is hinged to the rear part of the middle rack, and the rear rack is a supporting part and comprises a rear beam (11), a lifting oil cylinder (13) and walking wheels (12) which are arranged in a triangular mode with rear upright columns (23) on the middle rack.
3. The straw returning integrated soil preparation machine of claim 2, wherein: the rear beam of the front frame and the front beam of the middle frame are provided with upright posts (17), a pulling plate is arranged between the front frame and the middle frame, the pulling plate (24) is hinged on the front frame and the middle frame, and the two upright posts are connected by an adjusting bolt (18) and used for adjusting parameters such as level and height between the two frames.
4. The straw returning integrated soil preparation machine of claim 2, wherein: the front frame is rigidly connected with the middle frame, so that the upright posts, the pull plates and the adjusting bolts are saved, the structure is simplified, the space is saved, and the defects that the stubble cleaning depth and the rotary tillage depth cannot be adjusted are overcome.
5. The straw returning integrated soil preparation machine of claim 2, wherein: the main gearbox (22) is connected with the sub-gearbox (14) through a transmission system (20), one side of the sub-gearbox (14) is connected with the auxiliary gearbox (15) through a universal transmission shaft, and the other side of the sub-gearbox is in transmission connection with the belt pulley through the universal transmission shaft.
6. The straw returning integrated soil preparation machine of claim 2, wherein: the universal transmission shaft adopts telescopic connection.
7. The straw returning integrated soil preparation machine of claim 2, wherein: the rotary knives on the crushing roller (4), the stubble cleaning roller (6) and the rotary tillage roller (8) are spirally arranged around the shaft.
8. The straw returning integrated soil preparation machine of claim 2, wherein: dust covers (21) are arranged on the crushing roller, the stubble cleaning roller (6) and the rotary tillage roller.
9. The straw returning integrated soil preparation machine of claim 2, wherein: the ridge-making plough can be provided with 2 to 7 ridges.
10. The straw returning integrated soil preparation machine of claim 2, wherein: the transmission system includes: the main belt wheel receives power of a main gearbox through a universal coupling, the power is transmitted to the belt dividing wheel, the belt dividing wheel drives a fan blade to rotate, the other part of the main belt wheel transmits the power to a sub-gearbox (14) through a universal transmission shaft, the sub-gearbox is connected with one end of an auxiliary gearbox (15) through universal transmission shafts on two sides to drive a rotary tillage roller (8), and the other end of the sub-gearbox is connected with the belt wheel to drive a stubble cleaning roller (6).
CN202010717985.5A 2020-07-23 2020-07-23 Straw returning method and straw returning comprehensive soil preparation machine Withdrawn CN111670630A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010717985.5A CN111670630A (en) 2020-07-23 2020-07-23 Straw returning method and straw returning comprehensive soil preparation machine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010717985.5A CN111670630A (en) 2020-07-23 2020-07-23 Straw returning method and straw returning comprehensive soil preparation machine

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Publication Number Publication Date
CN111670630A true CN111670630A (en) 2020-09-18

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CN202010717985.5A Withdrawn CN111670630A (en) 2020-07-23 2020-07-23 Straw returning method and straw returning comprehensive soil preparation machine

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114041404A (en) * 2021-11-20 2022-02-15 华北水利水电大学 Returning method for crushing corn straws and mixing, humidifying and extruding soil into composite pipe for underground irrigation

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114041404A (en) * 2021-11-20 2022-02-15 华北水利水电大学 Returning method for crushing corn straws and mixing, humidifying and extruding soil into composite pipe for underground irrigation
CN114041404B (en) * 2021-11-20 2023-11-21 华北水利水电大学 Returning method for crushing corn straw and mixing, humidifying and extruding soil into composite pipe for underground irrigation

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Application publication date: 20200918

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