CN213718613U

CN213718613U - Corn straw line-sequence returning machine

Info

Publication number: CN213718613U
Application number: CN202022489781.9U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 盛立国; 盛端阳; 盛耀淳; 甄建军; 石丽丽
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-11-02
Filing date: 2020-11-02
Publication date: 2021-07-20
Anticipated expiration: 2030-11-02

Abstract

The utility model relates to a maize straw line preface still field machine, including the frame, be the traction frame at the frame front end, be fixed with the main gear box above the frame, fix first vice gearbox and the vice gearbox of second respectively in frame both sides. The straw gathering and loosening mechanism and the straw pressing mechanism are sequentially arranged below the rack from the front to the back, the pressing mechanism is arranged behind the rack, a first output shaft of the main gearbox is connected with a first auxiliary gearbox input shaft through a first universal joint transmission shaft, a second output shaft of the main gearbox is connected with a second auxiliary gearbox input shaft through a second universal joint transmission shaft, the first auxiliary gearbox drives the straw gathering and loosening mechanism to work, and the second auxiliary gearbox drives the straw pressing mechanism to work. The application buries the straw in the furrow, so that the seeding and the growth of the planted ridge crops in the second year are not influenced. The straws and the soil of the furrow are mixed, and the straws are eroded in the soil and converted into organic matters after one year, so that nutrition is provided for the growth of the corn.

Description

Corn straw line-sequence returning machine

Technical Field

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a corn straw line-sequence returning machine.

Background

In recent 40 years, due to predation type operation and excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, soil hardening is gradually serious every day, and an effective plough layer of the soil is thinner and thinner. The quality of the produced grain is reduced year by year, and the health of people is directly influenced.

The intern of the study provides a certain requirement for protecting the black soil in the northeast of China during the inspection of Jilin province. Meanwhile, a movement plan for protecting 1.4 million mu of northeast black land is provided. The overall requirements are as follows: and measures such as little or no tillage of the land, returning the straws to the field and the like are taken to restore the vitality of the black land, store grains in the land and store grains in the technology.

How to solve the problem of poor cultivated land becomes the main subject of the agricultural people. For many years, the nation advocates and adopts active ground administration strategies to support, such as straw returning, burning prohibition, supporting of rotation, black land protection and other soil improvement measures, and advocates reduction of fertilizer application amount. Rotation is a good method, but can not be realized under the condition that the cultivated land area of China is relatively deficient. Straw returning and land rotation are combined, so that the poor phenomenon of cultivated land can be better changed.

At present, straw is returned to the field in two ways, namely, firstly, the straw is crushed and returned to the field and then rotary tillage is carried out, so that the straw and soil are mixed, and then ridging operation is carried out; secondly, the straws are crushed and sprayed on the land which has already formed ridges, so that the straws cover the soil. The problem that straw is directly returned to the field after being crushed is that the straw can not be treated in a centralized way, the seedling emergence is influenced, the soil can not be improved, and the disease and insect damage of the next year can be aggravated. The time for transforming the straws into the organic fertilizer needs half a year or even longer, and the crushed corn straws are scattered on the planting ridge or mixed in the soil, so that the seeds or the fertilizer easily fall on the straws during spring ploughing, the straws can influence the rooting, the emergence and the growth of the corn, the fertilizer is influenced to be absorbed by the soil, and the nutrient absorption of the corn seedlings is influenced. In addition, in the process of crushing and returning the straws to the field, due to wind force, crushed straw scraps are blown into the air by wind, so that the air quality is influenced, and the health of people is also influenced. This straw returning operation wastes manpower, financial resources and material resources, and does not yet achieve the desired effect of increasing the soil fertility.

Therefore, a device for returning the straws to the field is needed, the straws returned to the field do not affect the seeding and growth of crops, and can be converted into organic fertilizers to be absorbed.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims at providing a still field machine of corn stalk preface, this still field machine can gather together kibbling corn stalk and bury in planting the furrow, is favorable to the straw to rot the back nutrition and is absorbed by the maize, increases soil organic matter to reduce the chemical fertilizer application volume.

The technical scheme of the utility model:

the utility model provides a maize straw line preface still field machine, includes the frame, is the traction frame at the frame front end, is fixed with the main gear box above the frame, fixes first vice gearbox and the vice gearbox of second respectively in frame both sides. The straw gathering and loosening mechanism and the straw pressing mechanism are sequentially arranged below the rack from the front to the back, the pressing mechanism is arranged behind the rack, a first output shaft of the main gearbox is connected with a first auxiliary gearbox input shaft through a first universal joint transmission shaft, a second output shaft of the main gearbox is connected with a second auxiliary gearbox input shaft through a second universal joint transmission shaft, the first auxiliary gearbox drives the straw gathering and loosening mechanism to work, and the second auxiliary gearbox drives the straw pressing mechanism to work.

The utility model has the advantages that:

1. the straw returning machine buries the straws in the furrows, so that the seeding and the growth of the crops planted on the ridges in the next year are not influenced. The straws and the soil of the furrow are mixed, and after one year, the straws are rotted in the soil and are converted into organic matters, so that nutrition is provided for the growth of the corn.

2. Helical blade in this application gathers together the straw on planting the ridge in the furrow, and the device that loosens the soil of certain degree of depth in with the furrow is beaten loosely, mixes soil and straw simultaneously, and the secondary loosens the soil is carried out to soil to hou mian straw pressing means to the degree of depth deepens, further mixes straw and soil simultaneously, and tentatively presses down soil and straw, and last suppression land wheel is with the mixture compaction of straw and soil. Therefore, no straw is arranged on the planting ridges, the growth of crops is not influenced, and the straw cannot be blown away by wind to influence the environment.

3. After the corn straws are returned to the field and rotted, the using amount of a lot of fertilizers can be reduced, so that the cost of farmers can be reduced. After the corn straws are returned to the field in full amount per hectare, the amount of fertilizer used by farmers can be reduced by 300 kilograms directly per hectare, so that a great deal of fertilizer money can be saved for the farmers every year.

4. By using the machine, a large-area farmland can be improved into a sponge field, the earth surface is not provided with hard shells, the earth gas can naturally rise and be fused with the water in the air to form a benign natural circulation, and therefore, the phenomenon of drought and rain shortage in partial areas of China is improved.

5. The yield increasing effect is obvious. As the straw is converted into organic matters, the nutrition is absorbed by the corn, and the yield increasing effect is obvious. The cultivated land soil after several years can form a cavernous state, stably reaches the standard of high-yield grain fields, and saves the input of chemical fertilizers. The fertilizer investment is saved by 20 percent in the first two years and is saved by more than 30 percent in the last two years.

6. The pesticide investment is saved. After the straws are returned to the field, a high-temperature high-humidity fermentation process is carried out, and meanwhile, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, grass seed eggs and insect eggs are killed, so that a good ecological environment is created for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, and the pesticide investment is reduced.

7. Can eliminate the fire hazard caused by straw burning and avoid the pollution of the smoke to the atmospheric environment. Because the machine is used for returning the corn straws to the field in sequence, the straws are rotten in the whole course in the same year, and if the biological quick decomposition agent is directly sprayed, the straws are rotten more quickly.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a left side view of the present application returning to field machine.

Fig. 2 is a right side view of the present application returning to field machine.

Fig. 3 is a top view of the present application returning to field machine.

Detailed Description

The application relates to a novel agricultural implement, in particular to a corn straw line-sequence field returning machine, which is characterized in that the straw is returned to the field on site, and the field returning is carried out in a fallow and rotation manner.

A corn straw line-sequence returning machine comprises a frame 1, wherein a traction frame is arranged at the front end of the frame 1 and is connected with a tractor through a pin shaft. A main gearbox 2 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of a rack 1, a first auxiliary gearbox 3 and a second auxiliary gearbox 4 are fixed to two sides of the rack 1, and an input shaft of the main gearbox 2 is connected with a power system output shaft of a tractor through a universal joint transmission shaft. The straw gathering and loosening mechanism 5 is sequentially arranged below the frame 1 from the front to the back, the straw pressing mechanism 6 is arranged behind the frame 1, the first output shaft of the main gearbox 2 is connected with the input shaft of the first auxiliary gearbox 3 through the first universal joint transmission shaft, the second output shaft of the main gearbox 2 is connected with the input shaft of the second auxiliary gearbox 4 through the second universal joint transmission shaft, the first auxiliary gearbox 3 drives the straw gathering and loosening mechanism 5 to work, and the second auxiliary gearbox 4 drives the straw pressing mechanism 6 to work.

The straw gathering and loosening mechanism 5 comprises a gathering and loosening shaft 51, wherein a helical blade 52 and a loosening device 53 are fixedly mounted on the circumference of the gathering and loosening shaft 51, one end of the gathering and loosening shaft 51 is connected with the frame 1 through a bearing seat, the other end of the gathering and loosening shaft 51 is connected with a first auxiliary gearbox output shaft through a spline, the helical blade 52 and the loosening device 53 are alternately arranged, the loosening device 53 comprises a plurality of loosening blades 54, the loosening blades 54 are fixed on the circumference of the gathering and loosening shaft 51, and the outer ends of the loosening blades 54 are of a bent structure. Each ripping device 53 includes two sets of ripping blades 54, and each set of ripping blades 54 is fixed on the same circumference of the gathering ripping shaft 51. The helical blades 52 correspond to ridge platforms, and the helical blades 52 are driven to gather the straws in furrows in the rotation process of the soil loosening shaft 51. The soil loosening cutter loosens soil in the furrow by a certain depth, and simultaneously mixes the straws and the soil to prepare for the following straw pressing work.

Straw pressing means 6 includes pressing means axle 61 and a plurality of pressing knife tackle spare 62, pressing means axle 61 one end is connected through the bearing frame with frame 1, and the pressing means axle 61 other end passes through splined connection with the vice gearbox output shaft of second, presses knife tackle spare 62 and loosens the soil device 53 and corresponds from front to back, presses knife tackle spare 62 to include a plurality of pressing knickers 63 of fixing on pressing means axle 61, presses sword 64 to insert and press in the knickers 63 and through bolted connection, press sword 64 outer end to be the arcuation structure. The pressing knives 64 of each pressing knife 62 assembly are divided into three groups, and the pressing pants 63 of each group of pressing knives 64 are fixed on the same circumference of the pressing mechanism shaft 61. And (4) secondarily loosening the soil in the furrow by the pressing knife, and further mixing the straw and the soil. The pressing knife preliminarily presses the mixture of the soil and the straws.

A fixed knife 65 is arranged between the two groups of pressing knives 64 of each pressing knife assembly 62, one end of the fixed knife 65 is fixedly connected with the rack 1, the other end of the fixed knife 65 extends downwards and backwards, and the lower end of the fixed knife 65 is of an upwards bent arc-shaped structure. The addition of the fixed knife 65 can assist the pressing knife to further crush the straw which is not crushed.

The compacting mechanism 7 comprises an extension frame 71 and a compacting land wheel 72, wherein the extension frame 71 is hinged with the rear end of the frame 1, and a plurality of compacting land wheels 72 are connected to the extension frame 71 through a vertical beam 74. The position of the land wheel 72 corresponds to the front and back of the soil loosening device 53, and the extension frame 71 is connected with the upper end of the front part of the frame 1 through a positive and negative buckle adjusting bolt 73. As shown in fig. 3, a connecting plate 75 is fixed to the upper end of the vertical beam 74 in the present application, and the connecting plate 75 is fixed to the extension frame 74 by a U-shaped bolt 76. The lower end of the vertical beam 74 is rotatably connected with a ground wheel 75. The height of the press roller can be adjusted by the positive and negative buckle adjusting bolt 73. The straw which is pressed in front is further pressed and compacted by the pressing land wheel.

The application relates to an embodiment combining a field returning machine and a planting method, which comprises the following steps:

the machine can orderly arrange the corn stalks cut by the harvester into furrows. Soil of the furrows is loosened to be about 18 cm wide and about 25-35 cm deep by using a scarification knife, meanwhile, the corn straws are uniformly stirred and pressed in the furrows by a straw pressing mechanism, ridge platforms are not moved, and finally, the soil is compacted by a compacting wheel.

The planting method comprises the following steps:

utilize this application still field machine with the even stirring of pressing of maize straw in the furrow in the first year, but spring and autumn two seasons all can be operated, (best autumn maize reaps the back operation, and make full use of winter snow and spring rain promote the maize straw to rot, play the effect of preserving the soil moisture again). The no-tillage planter advocated by the country is preferably used in spring planting, the direct planting is carried out on the immovable ridge, the effect of preserving soil moisture and seedling emergence is good, and the no-tillage policy of the central protection of the black land with less tillage is also met. The straws are basically rotten in the hot days to form organic matters for fertilizing the soil fertility.

The straws are uniformly pressed in the plant ridges of the current year (the furrows of the third year) in the second year, and the plants are planted on the furrows of the first year in the third year. Thus, the synchronous rotation is realized by planting furrows in one year and planting ridge stands in one year. Organic matters increase year after year, a plough layer deepens, and the soil is more fertile.

The purpose of the field returning machine is realized

The corn straw line sequence returning machine is used for synchronously finishing the aims of soil deep scarification and straw furrow deep burying. The straw is pressed at the position with the buried depth of 25-35 cm and the width of 18-22 cm. The soil is deeply loosened to break the plough bottom layer, so that the soil is permeable to promote the soil moisture content and resist spring drought. Is beneficial to deep root pricking, lodging resistance and yield improvement of the corn. The corn straws are returned to the field in a row sequence, so that the clean ridge sowing in spring is facilitated; the concentrated natural decay of the corn straws is facilitated to be converted into organic fertilizer, soil organic matters are increased, and the soil fertility is improved; the soil water loss is prevented, and the drought resistance is improved; the soil permeability is improved, and the respiration and the growth of crops are facilitated; but also can realize alternate cultivation and fallow cultivation year by year. If the machine is used for a plurality of years, the land can be gradually improved and restored, the ecological environment of the cultivated land is restored, and a solid foundation is laid for the stable yield and the high yield of the grains.

Bioremediation of soil

The corn straws are returned to the field in a row sequence, and no-tillage seeding advocated by the nation is used, so that the mechanical operation times are reduced every year, the soil rolling is reduced, and the thickening speed of the plough bottom layer is reduced. After the corn straws are returned to the field in a sequencing mode, a large number of earthworms can be bred, and the soil is permeable due to the movement of the earthworms in the soil. Particularly, before the earthworms enter the winter and when the earthworms are defrosted, the earthworms can move along with the frost, and the earthworms are equivalent to a free soil deep scarifier. After the corn straws are returned to the field in a row sequence and then sowed in a no-tillage mode, the corn root systems are deeper and deeper, and simultaneously, the number of the fibrous roots of the corn is increased and is 2-3 times that of the corn root systems planted in the traditional mode, the increased and deepened root systems can soften deep loose soil and increase organic matters after being rotten, and the effects of transparency in the left and right directions and increasing the ground temperature can be achieved. Because the corn straws at the bottom of the ridge ditch are basically rotted in 7 months, gaps are formed in the ridge ditch after the corn straws become organic fertilizers, the permeability is enhanced again, the time is a period that a large amount of corn needs fertilizer, and is a period that the root system is most developed, because the permeability is good, the root system of the corn can be pricked downwards and can be directly pricked to the position where the straws are rotted, the deeper the root system is pricked, the higher the corn yield is, and the lodging resistance is enhanced.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a maize straw line sequence still field machine which characterized in that: the straw gathering and loosening mechanism comprises a frame, be the traction frame at the frame front end, be fixed with main gear box above the frame, fix first pair gearbox and the vice gearbox of second respectively in frame both sides, it gathers together loosening mechanism to have set gradually the straw behind to in the past under the frame, straw pressing mechanism, set up suppression mechanism at the frame back, main gear box's first output shaft passes through first universal joint transmission shaft and first pair gearbox input shaft, main gear box's second output shaft passes through second universal joint transmission shaft and the vice gearbox input shaft of second, first pair gearbox drives the straw and gathers together loosening mechanism work, the vice gearbox of second drives straw pressing mechanism work.

2. The corn stalk line-sequence returning machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the straw gathering and loosening mechanism comprises a gathering and loosening shaft, wherein a helical blade and a loosening device are fixedly mounted on the circumference of the gathering and loosening shaft, the helical blade and the loosening device are alternately arranged, one end of the gathering and loosening shaft is connected with the frame through a bearing seat, the other end of the gathering and loosening shaft is connected with a first pair of gearbox output shafts through splines, the loosening device comprises a plurality of loosening blades, the loosening blades are fixed on the circumference of the gathering and loosening shaft, and the outer ends of the loosening blades are of a bent structure.

3. The corn stalk line-sequence returning machine as claimed in claim 2, wherein: every device that loosens soil includes two sets of blades that loosen the soil, and every group loosens the soil the blade and fixes on gathering together the same circumference of loosening the soil axle.

4. The corn stalk line-sequence returning machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: straw pressing means includes the pressing means axle and fixes a plurality of pressing knife tackle spares at the epaxial pressing means of pressing means, pressing means axle one end is passed through the bearing frame with the frame and is connected, and the pressing means axle other end passes through splined connection with the vice gearbox output shaft of second, presses knife tackle spare and corresponds with loosening the soil device front and back, presses knife tackle spare and includes a plurality of pressing knife trousers of fixing at the epaxial pressing means of pressing means, presses the sword and inserts in pressing the knife trousers and pass through bolted connection, press the sword outer end and be the arcuation structure.

5. The corn stalk returning machine to the field as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the pressing knives of each pressing knife component are divided into three groups, and the pressing knifes of each group of pressing knives are fixed on the same circumference of the pressing mechanism shaft.

6. The corn stalk returning machine to the field as claimed in claim 5, wherein: and a fixed knife is arranged between the two groups of pressing knives of each pressing knife assembly, one end of the fixed knife is fixedly connected with the rack, the other end of the fixed knife extends downwards and backwards, and the lower end of the fixed knife is of an upwards bent arc-shaped structure.

7. The corn stalk line-sequence returning machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: suppression mechanism is including extending frame and suppression land wheel, it is articulated with the frame rear end to extend the frame, is connected with a plurality of suppression land wheels through erecting the roof beam on extending the frame, suppression land wheel position corresponds with the device that loosens the soil front and back, extend and be connected through positive and negative knot adjusting bolt between the frame and the anterior upper end of frame.