CN111577280B - Mining area multi-layer water resource collaborative protective mining method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mining area multi-layer water resource collaborative protective mining method, and relates to the technical field of coal mining. The method comprises the steps of sequentially analyzing the layering/zoning characteristics of mining overburden rock structures, mining stress path characteristics in each structure layering and mining overburden rock permeability layering/zoning characteristics, and determining parameters such as the layer position, the height and the permeability of a overburden rock seepage isolation layer; based on the overburden 'seepage isolation' control principle, a multi-layer water resource collaborative protective mining method and a diversion regulation and control effect of mining parameters and a mining arrangement mode on mining isolation control effect mining areas of multi-layer water resources are researched, and nondestructive monitoring and dynamic evaluation prediction are carried out on surrounding rock seepage of a mining face, mining overburden fracture development and superficial water level change; finally, a multi-layer water resource cooperative protection system with the functions of water blocking of the overlying strata seepage isolation layer, water diversion of the seepage zone and water collection and storage in the goaf is formed. The method can better meet the protection requirements of the water quantity, the ecological water level and the water circulation system of the ecological fragile mining area, and has wide application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a multi-layer water resource collaborative protective mining method for a mining area.
Background
Water-retaining coal mining is an important way for solving the coordinated development of coal mining and ecological environment protection. At present, research aiming at the aspect of water retention coal mining mechanism mainly comprises the following steps: supporting by using key layer theory, mining overburden seepage theory and the like to form a structural key layer control principle, a water-resisting layer stability control principle, a water-resisting key layer protection principle and the like; the stability relation of underground water and surface ecology in a mining area or the ecological original state protection idea is used as support, and the ideas of coal water coexistence, ecological water level, water-resisting layer reconstruction, coal-water bionic co-mining and the like are formed.
Aiming at the research aspect of the water-retaining coal mining method, the overall method can be divided into two types of blocking methods and dredging methods. The water-retaining mining method characterized by the 'blocking method' is characterized in that the core is to protect the integrity of a water-resisting layer above a coal seam and avoid forming water-guiding cracks, so that underground water is blocked and flows downwards, and the purpose of protecting the 'ecological water level' is realized, including filling mining, height-limited mining, room-and-pillar mining and the like, but the problems of improving the mining rate of coal resources and the like are still required to be solved in the popularization and application of the water-retaining mining method. The core of the method is to adopt dredging means, transfer mine water to a goaf for storage and build a corresponding extraction and utilization project on the basis of mastering and utilizing the migration rule of underground water produced by coal mining, and the technology is successfully and comprehensively implemented in the Shendong mining area. However, in general, the existing water-retaining coal mining mechanism and method cannot simultaneously and well meet the protection requirements of water quantity, ecological water level and water circulation system of the ecological fragile mining area.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention discloses a mining area multi-layer water resource collaborative protective mining method, which is characterized in that a multi-layer water resource collaborative protective system with seepage isolation layer water blocking, seepage zone and overlying strata seepage zone diversion and collecting and storing water in a goaf is established, and meanwhile, a nondestructive detection means is adopted to carry out real-time comprehensive monitoring and early warning on surrounding rock seepage and mining overlying strata fracture development and shallow water level change on a mining surface, so that the mining area multi-layer water resource collaborative protective mining method is wide in application range.
The invention provides a mining area multi-layer water resource collaborative protective mining method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, researching the overall cooperative migration rule of the mining overburden rock under different mining modes, analyzing the control effect of the overburden rock cooperative deformation on fracture development, and calculating the layer position and the height of a through fracture zone, a non-through fracture zone and a continuous deformation structure of the overburden rock to obtain the layering/zoning characteristic of the mining overburden rock structure.
And step two, analyzing the stress transfer relation between the goaf and the overlying strata according to different mining modes, and researching the stress unloading of the mining overlying strata and the stress recovery characteristic of the goaf to obtain mining stress paths in each structural layer.
And step three, analyzing layered internal stress and strain and permeability evolution characteristics of all the structures of the mining overburden rock under the mining stress path, researching the coupling relation of stress-permeability and strain-permeability, establishing a permeability degradation characterization method of all the rock layers of the overburden rock, and calculating the positions and the heights of a overburden leakage zone, a seepage zone and a micro-seepage zone to obtain the permeability layering/partitioning characteristics of the mining overburden rock.
And step four, analyzing the spatial structure of the coal measure stratum and the water circulation characteristics of the ecological aquifer, researching the evolution rule of the water blocking property of the rock stratum between the ecological aquifer and the micro-seepage zone under the influence of mining, and accordingly determining the water blocking rock stratum capable of effectively blocking the water resource loss of the ecological aquifer as a seepage isolation layer.
Fifthly, researching the mining separation control effect of main mining parameters on the water level of the ecological aquifer above the seepage separation layer and the water circulation migration according to the mining characteristics of different mining modes; establishing a water storage area in the goaf, and researching the diversion regulation effect of a mining arrangement mode on the ecological aquifer leaked water resource above the seepage isolation layer; forming a multi-layer water resource cooperative protection system with the seepage isolation layer for blocking water, the seepage zone and the overlying strata seepage zone for guiding water and the goaf for collecting and storing water.
Preferably, in the first step, the position and the height of the overburden rock through fractured zone, the non-through fractured zone and the continuous deformation structure are judged by the overburden rock structural layering based on the fracture penetration rate in the rock stratum, and the fracture penetration rate is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, eta is the crack penetration rate; i is the formation moment of inertia, m4；[σt]Critical tensile strength, MPa; h rock layer thickness, m; m is the maximum bending moment borne by the rock stratum, N.m.
Preferably, in the step one, the different mining modes comprise caving mining and filling mining; if filling mining is adopted, before the layering/zoning characteristics of the mining overburden rock structure are analyzed, the structural stability of a filling stope is researched: firstly, analyzing the cooperative supporting effect of a filling body and a coal pillar on overlying strata, establishing a corresponding filling stope mine pressure model, a mechanical model and a system stability mathematical model, and calculating the compression amount of the filling body; secondly, analyzing the critical condition of the mining site structure instability, and researching the relevance of the deformation of the filling body and the mining site structure instability; finally, a threshold value of a primary mining parameter that maintains stability of the stope structure is determined.
Preferably, the stress transfer relationship between the goaf and the overlying strata in the second step is analyzed: if the caving type mining is adopted, analyzing the accumulation and compaction characteristics of caving rocks in the goaf; if cut-and-fill is used, the pack (11) compression and load characteristics are analyzed.
Preferably, in the third step, firstly, stress, strain and permeability evolution characteristics of each rock stratum of the overlying strata are analyzed through a triaxial permeability test of the rock; secondly, analyzing the body strain change rule of the rock in the damage evolution process of each rock stratum of the overlying rock under the mining stress path by adopting a numerical calculation method, fitting a rock plastic strain damage variable-stress curve, and determining a rock damage criterion; and finally, establishing a corresponding relation between each rock stratum damage variable and permeability, providing a overburden permeability degradation characterization method, and describing the layered partition characteristics of a overburden leakage zone, a seepage zone and a micro-seepage zone by taking the permeability degradation as a threshold value.
Preferably, in the fifth step, firstly, the coupling relation and the time-space characteristic of the deformation of the overburden rock and the permeability of the seepage isolation layer under the mining stress path are calculated; secondly, taking the water resistance and water isolation performance of the seepage isolation layer as a judgment standard, and analyzing the mining isolation control effect of the size of the coal pillar and the working face advancing distance mining parameters in the collapse type mining or the filling rate and filling stope size mining parameters on the water level and water circulation of the ecological aquifer by a system; and finally, a mining arrangement mode of alternately mining and separating, fully mining and fully filling and fully mining local filling is provided, the transverse isolation and vertical diversion rules of the isolated coal pillar or the filling body on water resources of the overburden leakage zone and the seepage zone are researched, the diversion regulation and control boundary is determined, and the diversion regulation and control effect of the size or the filling rate parameter of the isolated coal pillar on the seepage water of the ecological aquifer on the seepage isolation layer is obtained.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the water blocking performance of the seepage isolation layer and the water storage area in the goaf is dynamically evaluated and predicted, key mining parameters and mining arrangement modes are optimized,
preferably, the dynamic evaluation and prediction modes for the water blocking performance of the seepage isolation layer and the water storage area in the goaf comprise acoustic-thermal monitoring for water seepage of surrounding rocks on the mining face and acoustic-thermal-flow nondestructive monitoring for fracture development of mining overburden rock and superficial water level change.
Preferably, the acousto-thermal monitoring comprises: a. an explosion-proof thermal infrared imager is adopted to movably monitor a mining face filling body, a coal pillar and surrounding rocks, a fitting relation between a coal-bearing rock mass and reference coal rock background noise is established, and real infrared radiation information of the coal rock mass is obtained; b. monitoring a mining face filling body, a coal pillar and surrounding rocks by adopting a micro-seismic monitoring system, analyzing a fracture development process and area based on a micro-seismic event, researching the precursor characteristics of coal rock fracture, and obtaining the early warning threshold value of the frequency and energy density of the micro-seismic impact event of coal rock fracture; c. the method comprises the following steps of (1) fixedly monitoring a filling body, a coal pillar and a working face overlying rock fracture development area by using a coal mine explosion-proof thermal infrared imager, finding out a precursor of mining coal rock or filling body fracture and surrounding rock seepage/water inrush, determining an infrared radiation threshold of filling body fracture and surrounding rock seepage/water inrush, and realizing infrared monitoring and early warning on the stability of the filling body and the coal pillar and the infrared monitoring and early warning of surrounding rock fracture seepage/water inrush; d. calculating the Reynolds number of the surrounding rock seepage/water inrush of the working face to judge the water seepage state, collecting water samples containing water bodies and the water samples seeping/water inrush of the mining face under the state of cross flow or turbulent flow, detecting the ion components and the contents of the two water samples, and positioning the surrounding rock seepage water source of the working face by adopting a gray correlation degree method.
Preferably, the "acousto-thermal-flow" non-destructive monitoring comprises: a. monitoring a dynamic process of the development of the overlying rock fracture of the working surface by adopting a microseismic system, monitoring the migration condition of the overlying rock water resource of the working surface by combining a geological radar and a network parallel electrical method, analyzing the connectivity of the overlying rock mining fracture to obtain the layering conditions of an overlying rock seepage zone, a seepage zone and a micro seepage zone, and providing a basis for determining a seepage isolation layer; b. the method comprises the steps of integrating microseismic events, infrared thermography and water resource migration radar two-dimensional map multivariate information, constructing an acoustic-thermal-flow model of superficial water level change, visually expressing important precursor processes including overburden rock fracture and water seepage channel formation in a dynamic imaging mode, and providing a basis for optimization of mining parameters and monitoring and early warning of seepage/water inrush disasters; c. and observing the water level change of the ecological aquifer in the whole process of mining of the mining face by combining the geological information of the working face and according to the drilling peeking, ore pressure observation, hydrological observation and ground surface settlement observation data of the working face, and verifying the effectiveness of the water-retaining coal mining method.
Compared with the prior art, the mining area multi-layer water resource collaborative protective mining method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the method establishes a multi-level water resource cooperative protection system with the seepage isolation layer for blocking water, guiding the seepage zone and the overburden seepage zone and collecting and storing water in the goaf by researching a mining isolation cooperative control mechanism of the seepage isolation layer of the stope, and simultaneously carries out real-time comprehensive monitoring and early warning on the surrounding rock seepage and mining overburden fracture development and superficial water level change of the mining surface by adopting a nondestructive detection means, can better meet the protection requirements of water quantity, ecological water level and water circulation system of an ecological fragile mining area, and has wide application prospect and huge popularization value, and wide application range.
(2) The invention integrates the advantages of a blocking method and a dredging method, researches a mining and partitioning cooperative control mechanism of a stope seepage isolation layer, establishes a coal-based multi-layer water resource mining and filling cooperative protection system, and not only carries out in-situ protection on water resources of an ecological aquifer above a mining overburden seepage isolation layer and a water circulation system, but also carries out guide control and storage protection on the seepage resources of the ecological aquifer above the seepage isolation layer.
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For a clearer explanation of the embodiments or technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for a person skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a multi-horizon water resource collaborative protective mining method for a cut-and-fill mining area according to the invention.
The part names represented by the numbers or letters in the drawings are:
1-overburden rock penetrating a fractured zone; 2-a non-through fractured zone; 3-continuous deformation structure; 4-ecological aquifer; 5-a seepage isolation layer; 6-micro seepage zone; 7-vadose zone; 8-overburden leakage zone; 9-full mining and full charging of the working face; 10-full mining and partial charging of the working face; 11-a filler; 12-coal pillar; 13-diversion regulation boundary.
Detailed Description
The following provides a brief description of embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a mining area multi-level water resource collaborative protection system formed in a filling mining manner, and the mining area multi-level water resource collaborative protection system is analyzed in detail, and now, taking filling mining as an example, a mining area multi-level water resource collaborative protection mining method is explained in detail, which specifically includes the following steps:
firstly, analyzing the cooperative supporting effect of a filling body 11 and a coal pillar 12 on overlying strata, establishing a filling stope 'filling body 11-coal pillar 12-overlying strata' system mutation mathematical model, calculating the compression amount of the filling body 11, giving out stope structure mutation instability critical criterion, researching the relevance of the creep instability of the filling body 11 and the stope structure stability, and determining a main mining parameter threshold value for maintaining the stope structure stability; and then researching the overall cooperative migration rule of the overburden rock in the filling stope, analyzing the control effect of the overburden rock cooperative deformation on the fracture development, and calculating the layer positions and the heights of the overburden rock through fractured zone 1, the non-through fractured zone 2 and the continuous deformation structure 3 to obtain the layering/zoning characteristics of the mining overburden rock structure.
The layered rock covering structure takes the 'fracture penetration rate' in the rock stratum as a basis, the layer positions and the heights of the rock covering through fractured zone 1, the non-through fractured zone 2 and the continuous deformation structure 3 are judged, and the fracture penetration rate is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, eta is the crack penetration rate; i is the formation moment of inertia, m4；[σt]Critical tensile strength, MPa; h rock layer thickness, m; m is the maximum bending moment borne by the rock stratum, N.m.
And step two, analyzing the compression and bearing characteristics of the filling body 11, and on the basis, researching the mining overburden rock stress unloading and goaf stress recovery characteristics to obtain mining stress paths in each structural layer. Specifically, a numerical calculation method is adopted, a linear elastic model is used for simulating the filling body 11, the corresponding relation is established between the volume modulus K and the shear modulus G of the unit body and the instantaneous vertical strain, the nonlinear compaction characteristic of the filling body 11 is simulated, and the stress recovery characteristics of filling areas in different mining periods of filling mining are obtained. And (3) researching the evolution law of the stress field of the overlying strata, and converting 6 stress components of the numerical calculation result into main stress to obtain the mining stress path characteristics of different layers (vertical dimension) and different positions (horizontal dimension) of the overlying strata.
And step three, analyzing layered internal stress and strain and permeability evolution characteristics of all the structures of the mining overburden rock under the mining stress path, researching the coupling relation of stress-permeability and strain-permeability, establishing a permeability degradation characterization method of all the rock layers of the overburden rock, and calculating the layer positions and the heights of the overburden leakage zone 8, the seepage zone 7 and the micro seepage zone 6 to obtain the permeability layering/zoning characteristics of the mining overburden rock. Specifically, firstly, analyzing the evolution characteristics of stress, strain and permeability of each rock stratum of the overlying strata through a triaxial permeability test of the rock; secondly, analyzing the body strain change rule of the rock in the damage evolution process of each rock stratum of the overlying rock under the mining stress path by adopting a numerical calculation method, fitting a rock plastic strain damage variable-stress curve, and determining a rock damage criterion; and finally, establishing a corresponding relation between each rock stratum damage variable and permeability, providing a method for characterizing the permeability degradation of the overlying strata, and describing the layered partition characteristics of the overlying strata leakage zone 8, the seepage zone 7 and the micro seepage zone 6 by taking the permeability degradation as a threshold value.
And step four, analyzing the spatial structure of the coal measure stratum and the water circulation characteristics of the ecological water-bearing layer 4, researching the evolution rule of the water blocking property of the rock stratum between the ecological water-bearing layer 4 and the micro seepage zone 6 under the mining influence, and accordingly determining the water blocking rock stratum capable of effectively blocking the water resource loss of the ecological water-bearing layer 4 as the seepage isolation layer 5. Specifically, the influence rule of parameters such as the vertical position, the horizontal position and the boundary effect of the rock stratum between the ecological aquifer 4 and the overlying rock micro-seepage zone 6 on the water resistance performance of the ecological aquifer is researched, and accordingly the water blocking rock stratum capable of effectively blocking the water resource loss of the ecological aquifer 4 is determined to be the seepage isolation layer 5.
Fifthly, aiming at the continuous mining and continuous filling mining characteristics, researching the mining separation control effect of mining parameters such as mining height, filling rate and stope size on the water level and water circulation migration of the ecological aquifer 4 above the seepage isolation layer 5; and establishing a water storage area in the goaf, and researching the diversion regulation effect of the mining arrangement mode on the water leakage resource of the ecological water-bearing layer 4 above the seepage isolation layer 5. Specifically, firstly, the coupling relation and the time-space characteristic between the deformation of the overburden rock and the permeability of the seepage isolation layer 5 under the mining stress path are calculated; secondly, the water blocking performance of the seepage isolation layer 5 is used as a judgment standard, and the system analyzes the mining isolation control effect of mining parameters such as filling rate, filling stope size and the like on the water level and water circulation of the ecological aquifer 4 in filling mining; finally, the mining arrangement modes of working face full mining and full filling 9, working face full mining and local filling 10 and the like are provided, the transverse isolation and vertical diversion rules of the filling body 11 to the water resources of the overburden seepage zone 8 and the seepage zone 7 are researched, the diversion regulation and control boundary 13 is determined, and the diversion regulation and control effect of parameters such as filling rate on the seepage water of the ecological water-bearing layer 4 above the seepage isolation layer 5 is obtained.
And sixthly, dynamically evaluating and predicting the water blocking performance of the seepage isolation layer 5 and the water storage area in the goaf, optimizing key mining parameters and mining arrangement modes, and forming a multi-layer water resource cooperative protection system with the seepage isolation layer 5 blocking water, the seepage zone 7 guiding water with the overburden seepage zone 8 and the goaf collecting water.
The dynamic evaluation and prediction modes for the water blocking performance of the seepage isolation layer 5 and the water storage area in the goaf comprise acoustic-thermal monitoring on the water seepage of surrounding rocks on the mining face and acoustic-thermal-flow nondestructive monitoring on the fracture development of mining overburden rock and the change of superficial water level.
The acousto-thermal monitoring includes: a. an explosion-proof thermal infrared imager is adopted to movably monitor the mining face filling body 11, the coal pillar 12 and the surrounding rock, a fitting relation between the coal rock mass bearing body and the reference coal rock background noise is established, and real infrared radiation information of the coal rock mass is obtained; b. monitoring a mining face filling body 11, a coal pillar 12, surrounding rocks and the like by using a micro-seismic monitoring system, analyzing a fracture development process and area based on a micro-seismic event, researching the precursor characteristics of coal rock fracture, and obtaining the early warning threshold value of the frequency and the energy density of the micro-seismic impact event of coal rock fracture; c. the method comprises the following steps of (1) fixedly monitoring a filling body 11, a coal pillar 12 and a working face overlying rock fracture development area by using a coal mine explosion-proof thermal infrared imager, finding out a precursor of breaking of mining coal rock or the filling body 11 and seepage/water inrush of surrounding rock, determining an infrared radiation threshold of breaking of the filling body 11 and seepage/water inrush of the surrounding rock, and realizing infrared monitoring and early warning on the stability of the filling body 11 and the coal pillar 12 and the seepage/water inrush of the breaking of the surrounding rock; d. calculating the Reynolds number of the surrounding rock seepage/water inrush of the working face to judge the water seepage state, collecting water samples containing water bodies and the water samples seeping/water inrush of the mining face under the state of cross flow or turbulent flow, detecting the ion components and the contents of the two water samples, and positioning the surrounding rock seepage water source of the working face by adopting a gray correlation degree method.
"acousto-thermal-flow" non-destructive monitoring includes: a. monitoring a dynamic process of the development of the overlying rock fracture of the working surface by adopting a microseismic system, monitoring the migration condition of the overlying rock water resource of the working surface by combining a geological radar and a network parallel electrical method, analyzing the connectivity of the overlying rock mining fracture to obtain the layering conditions of an overlying rock seepage zone 8, a seepage zone 7 and a micro seepage zone 6, and providing a basis for determining a seepage isolation layer 5; b. the method comprises the steps of integrating multiple information such as microseismic events, infrared thermography and water resource migration radar two-dimensional maps, constructing an acoustic-thermal-flow model of superficial water level change, visually expressing important precursor processes such as overburden fracture and water seepage channel formation in a dynamic imaging mode, and providing a basis for optimization of mining parameters and monitoring and early warning of water seepage/water inrush disasters; c. and observing the water level change of the ecological aquifer 4 in the whole process of mining of the mining face by combining the geological information of the working face and according to the data of drilling peeking, mine pressure observation, hydrological observation, surface subsidence observation and the like of the working face, and verifying the effectiveness of the water-retaining coal mining method.
In conclusion, the mining area multi-layer water resource collaborative protective mining method disclosed by the invention establishes a multi-layer water resource collaborative protection system with the functions of water resistance of the seepage isolation layer, diversion of the seepage zone and the overlying rock seepage zone and water collection and storage in the goaf by researching the mining isolation collaborative control mechanism of the seepage isolation layer of the mining field, and simultaneously adopts a nondestructive detection means to carry out real-time comprehensive monitoring and early warning on the surrounding rock seepage and mining overlying rock crack development and superficial water level change of the mining face, so that the protection requirements of water quantity, ecological water level and water circulation system of an ecological fragile mining area can be better met, and the mining area multi-layer water resource collaborative protective mining method has wide application prospect and huge popularization value, and is wide in application range.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A mining area multi-layer water resource collaborative protective mining method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, researching the overall cooperative migration rule of the mining overburden rock under different mining modes, analyzing the control effect of the overburden rock cooperative deformation on the fracture development, and calculating the layer position and the height of a overburden rock through fracture zone (1), a non-through fracture zone (2) and a continuous deformation structure (3) to obtain the layering/zoning characteristic of the mining overburden rock structure;
analyzing the stress transfer relationship between the goaf and the overlying strata according to different mining modes, and researching the stress unloading and goaf stress recovery characteristics of the mining overlying strata to obtain mining stress paths in each structural layer;
analyzing layered internal stress and strain and permeability evolution characteristics of each structure of the mining overburden rock under a mining stress path, researching a coupling relation between stress-permeability and strain-permeability, establishing a permeability degradation characterization method of each rock layer of the mining overburden rock, and calculating the layer positions and heights of a overburden leakage zone (8), a seepage zone (7) and a micro seepage zone (6) to obtain the permeability layering/partitioning characteristics of the mining overburden rock;
analyzing the spatial structure of the coal measure stratum and the water circulation characteristics of the ecological water-bearing layer (4), researching the evolution rule of the water blocking property of the rock stratum between the ecological water-bearing layer (4) and the micro seepage zone (6) under the influence of mining, and accordingly determining the water blocking rock stratum which can effectively block the water resource loss of the ecological water-bearing layer (4) as a seepage isolation layer (5);
fifthly, researching the mining separation control effect of main mining parameters on the water level and water circulation migration of the ecological aquifer (4) above the seepage separation layer (5) aiming at the mining characteristics of different mining modes; establishing a water storage area in the goaf, and researching the flow guide regulation effect of a mining arrangement mode on the water leakage resource of the ecological water-bearing layer (4) above the seepage isolation layer (5); a multi-layer water resource cooperative protection system with the seepage isolation layer (5) for blocking water, the seepage zone (7) and the overlying strata seepage zone (8) for guiding water and collecting and storing water in the goaf is formed.
2. The mining area multi-layer water resource collaborative protective mining method according to claim 1, wherein in the step one, the stratum and the height of the overburden through fractured zone (1), the non-through fractured zone (2) and the continuous deformation structure (3) of the overburden are determined according to a fracture penetration rate in a rock stratum, and the fracture penetration rate is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula, eta is the crack penetration rate; i is the formation moment of inertia, m4；[σt]Critical tensile strength, MPa; h rock layer thickness, m; m is the maximum bending moment borne by the rock stratum, N.m.
3. The mining area multi-horizon water resource collaborative protective mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the first step, different mining modes comprise caving mining and filling mining; if filling mining is adopted, before the layering/zoning characteristics of the mining overburden rock structure are analyzed, the structural stability of a filling stope is researched: firstly, analyzing the cooperative supporting effect of a filling body (11) and a coal pillar (12) on overlying strata, establishing a corresponding filling stope mine pressure model, a mechanical model and a system stability mathematical model, and calculating the compression amount of the filling body (11); secondly, analyzing the critical condition of the mining field structure instability, and researching the relevance of the deformation of the filling body (11) and the mining field structure instability; finally, a threshold value of a primary mining parameter that maintains stability of the stope structure is determined.
4. The mining area multi-layer water resource collaborative protective mining method according to claim 3, characterized in that in the second step, stress transfer relation analysis of the goaf and the overlying strata: if the caving type mining is adopted, analyzing the accumulation and compaction characteristics of caving rocks in the goaf; if cut-and-fill is used, the pack (11) compression and load characteristics are analyzed.
5. The mining area multi-layer water resource collaborative protective mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step three, stress, strain and permeability evolution characteristics of each rock stratum of overlying strata are analyzed through a rock triaxial permeability test; secondly, analyzing the body strain change rule of the rock in the damage evolution process of each rock stratum of the overlying rock under the mining stress path by adopting a numerical calculation method, fitting a rock plastic strain damage variable-stress curve, and determining a rock damage criterion; and finally, establishing a corresponding relation between each rock stratum damage variable and permeability, providing a method for characterizing the permeability degradation of the overlying strata, and describing the layered partition characteristics of the overlying strata leakage zone (8), the seepage zone (7) and the micro seepage zone (6) by taking the permeability degradation as a threshold value.
6. The mining area multi-layer water resource collaborative protective mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the fifth step, firstly, the coupling relation and the time-space characteristic of the deformation of the overburden and the permeability of the seepage isolation layer (5) under the mining stress path are calculated; secondly, the water-blocking performance of the seepage isolation layer (5) is used as a judgment standard, and the system analyzes the size of a coal pillar (12) in the collapse type mining, the mining parameters of the advancing distance of a working face or the filling rate in the filling mining and the mining control effect of the mining parameters of the size of a filling stope on the water level and the water circulation of the ecological aquifer (4); finally, a mining arrangement mode of alternately mining and separating on the working face, fully mining and fully filling (9) on the working face and fully mining and partially filling (10) on the working face is provided, the transverse isolation and vertical diversion rules of the isolation coal pillar or the filling body (11) to water resources of the overlying strata leakage zone (8) and the seepage zone (7) are researched, and a diversion regulation and control boundary (13) is determined, so that the diversion regulation and control effect of the size of the isolation coal pillar or the filling rate parameter of the filling body (11) on the seepage water of the ecological water-bearing layer (4) above the seepage isolation layer (5) is obtained.
7. The mining area multi-layer water resource collaborative protective mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step five, after a mining isolation control effect and a diversion regulation effect are studied, dynamic evaluation and prediction are performed on the water blocking performance of the seepage isolation layer (5) and the water storage area in the goaf, and key mining parameters and mining arrangement modes are optimized, so that a multi-layer water resource collaborative protection system with the seepage isolation layer (5) blocking water, the seepage zone (7) diversion with the overlying strata seepage zone (8), and the goaf collecting water storage is formed.
8. The mining area multi-layer water resource cooperative protective mining method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the dynamic evaluation and prediction modes for the water blocking performance of the seepage isolation layer (5) and the water storage area in the goaf comprise acoustic-thermal monitoring of water seepage of surrounding rocks on a mining face and acoustic-thermal-flow nondestructive monitoring of development of mining overburden fractures and changes of superficial water level.
9. The mining area multi-horizon water resource collaborative protective mining method according to claim 8, characterized in that the acoustic-thermal monitoring includes: a. an explosion-proof thermal infrared imager is adopted to movably monitor a mining face filling body (11), a coal pillar (12) and surrounding rocks, a fitting relation between a bearing coal rock body and reference coal rock background noise is established, and real infrared radiation information of the coal rock body is obtained; b. monitoring a mining face filling body (11), a coal pillar (12) and surrounding rocks by adopting a micro-seismic monitoring system, analyzing a fracture development process and area based on a micro-seismic event, researching the precursor characteristics of coal rock fracture, and obtaining the early warning threshold value of the frequency and energy density of the micro-seismic impact event of coal rock fracture; c. the method comprises the following steps of (1) fixedly monitoring a filling body (11), a coal pillar (12) and a working face overlying rock fracture development area by using a coal mine explosion-proof thermal infrared imager, finding out precursors of mining coal rocks or breakage of the filling body (11) and surrounding rock seepage/water inrush, determining an infrared radiation threshold of breakage of the filling body (11) and surrounding rock seepage/water inrush, and realizing infrared monitoring and early warning on the stability of the filling body (11) and the coal pillar (12) and the surrounding rock fracture seepage/water inrush; d. calculating the Reynolds number of the surrounding rock seepage/water inrush of the working face to judge the water seepage state, collecting water samples containing water bodies and the water samples seeping/water inrush of the mining face under the state of cross flow or turbulent flow, detecting the ion components and the contents of the two water samples, and positioning the surrounding rock seepage water source of the working face by adopting a gray correlation degree method.
10. The mining area multi-horizon water resource collaborative protective mining method according to claim 8, characterized in that the acoustic-thermal-flow nondestructive monitoring comprises: a. monitoring a dynamic process of the development of the overlying rock fracture of the working surface by adopting a microseismic system, monitoring the migration condition of the overlying rock water resource of the working surface by combining a geological radar and a network parallel electrical method, analyzing the connectivity of the overlying rock mining fracture to obtain the layering conditions of an overlying rock seepage zone (8), a seepage zone (7) and a micro seepage zone (6), and providing a basis for determining a seepage isolation layer (5); b. synthesizing microseismic events, infrared thermography and water resource migration radar two-dimensional map multivariate information, constructing an acoustic-thermal-flow model of superficial water level change, visually expressing important precursor processes including overburden fracture and water seepage channel formation in a dynamic imaging mode, and providing a basis for optimization of mining parameters and monitoring and early warning of seepage/water inrush disasters; c. and observing the water level change of the ecological aquifer (4) in the whole process of mining on the mining face by combining the geological information of the working face and according to the drilling peeking, ore pressure observation, hydrological observation and earth surface settlement observation data of the working face, and verifying the effectiveness of the water-retaining coal mining method.
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