CN109577982A - Wall type Lian Cailian fills water protection mining and water resource migration monitoring, water damage method for early warning - Google Patents
Wall type Lian Cailian fills water protection mining and water resource migration monitoring, water damage method for early warning Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 174
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 41
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- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 claims description 4
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- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of wall type Lian Cailian to fill water protection mining and water resource migration monitoring, water damage method for early warning, normal wall working face across pitch direction is divided into the exploitation block that " adopt-fill " and " Cai-is stayed " are alternately arranged by this method, coal column is not stayed between the tunnel exploited in " adopt-fill " exploitation block, and the tunnel completed to driving fills, it is stayed between the tunnel exploited in " Cai-is stayed " exploitation block and sets thin coal pillar, tunnel the tunnel of completion without filling；And using the surface infra-red radiation information in infra-red thermal imaging system observation digging space, prediction is carried out to the dynamic disasters such as obturation or thin coal pillar unstability；By water resource migration monitoring and system for pre-warning water disaster, mine water resource wastage and the incident water damage of stope is caused to carry out comprehensive monitoring and early warning, rational evaluation coal mining.This method has widened the applicable elements of water-protection coal-mining method, is a kind of potential water-protection coal-mining method, has broad application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of coal mining methods, and in particular to a kind of wall type Lian Cailian fills water protection mining and water resource fortune
Monitoring, water damage method for early warning are moved, coal mining technology field is belonged to.
Background technique
Northwest China area shallow buried coal seam preservation is abundant, is the important Energy Base in China.But it is located in arid and semi-arid
Continental climate area, water resource is relatively poor, and the ecosystem is fragile, in addition extensive coal mining activity, cause ecocrisis into
The aggravation of one step.The problem of coal mining is mutually coordinated with ecological environmental protection is all that northwest China coal mining urgently solves from beginning to end
Therefore one of major issue certainly in progress of coal mining, takes certain technological means, aquifer structure is protected, to dimension
Ecosystem balance is held to be of great significance.
Since the idea and method that the 1990s proposes " water protection mining ", by nearly development in 30 years, preliminary shape
At using protecting ecology water level as the water-retaining production technical system of target.Studies have shown that filling mining is to realize that shallow buried coal seam is protected
One of the effective way of water exploitation.However, restrict the factor that traditional filling mining technology is widely applied mainly include mine with
Fill coordinative operation difficult, pack effectiveness and obturation utilization rate it is low caused by increased costs and single coal-mining method it is more to complexity
The site environment adaptability of change is weaker etc..For the limitation for improving filling mining at this stage, there is scholar to propose in recent years and " adopt and fill simultaneously
Row " formula water-protection coal-mining method, this method preferably solves the problems, such as coal mining and filling difficult coordination, however it is complete to exploit tunnel
Portion's filling not only causes the waste of filler, also adds filling cost, and reduces coal mining effect to a certain extent
Rate causes this method to be difficult to be widely applied.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome various deficiencies of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of wall type Lian Cailian and fills water protection mining and water
Resource migration monitoring, water damage method for early warning, guarantee working face it is lasting, it is stables, efficiently produce coal, reduction filling cost, raising fills
The utilization rate and coal mining efficiency of filling chock material, while mine water resource wastage and stope can be caused easily to occur to coal mining
Water damage carry out comprehensive monitoring and early warning, and carry out rational evaluation, it is applied widely.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention proposes that a kind of wall type Lian Cailian fills water-protection coal-mining method, and steps are as follows:
The first step moves towards direction along working face and is divided into " adopt-fill " exploitation block and " Cai-is stayed " that several groups are alternately arranged
Exploit block；The form that described " adopt-fill " exploitation block and " Cai-is stayed " exploitation block are all made of wide lane driving is exploited,
Coal column is not stayed between the tunnel exploited in " adopt-fill " exploitation block, and the tunnel completed to digging fills, " Cai-is stayed " opens
It adopts to stay between the tunnel exploited in block and sets thin coal pillar, the tunnel that digging is completed is without filling；
Second step moves towards direction arrangement assistant conveyance lane and main transportation roadway along working face, and in work surface edges along inclination
Digging open-off cut in direction constitutes ventilation circuit, and wide lane digging is equal to normal coal wall coalcutter to entire working face each time
Feed, the width in wide lane are equal to feed size of coalcutter, i.e. the production zone shape that is arranged as coal wall back production
Formula；
Third step " will adopt-fill " exploitation block along advance of the face direction and be divided into m exploitation and be segmented, exploitation block side
Edge and close open-off cut side are the first exploitation segmentation, remaining exploitation, which is segmented, successively sorts；Along vertical or inclination in exploitation segmentation
Direction is moved towards in working face and marks off the wide lane of n digging, is exploited segmented edges and is that first digging is wide close to open-off cut side
Lane, the wide lane of remaining digging are successively sorted；
In 4th step, " adopt-fill " exploitation block, the exploitation of digging first first is segmented the wide lane R of interior first digging11, then
Successively the exploitation of digging second is segmented the wide lane R of interior first digging21, until m exploitation is segmented the wide lane R of interior first article of diggingm1Digging
It finishes；In each exploitation segmentation, the interior wide lane of Article 3 is segmented with one lane Tiao Kuan of the first lane Tiao Kuan interval, then the exploitation of digging first
R13, then successively the exploitation of digging second is segmented the wide lane R of interior Article 3 digging23, until m exploitation is segmented the interior wide lane of Article 3 digging
Rm3；After exploitation is segmented interior all odd-numbered wide lane diggings of digging, by above-mentioned mining sequence, until each exploitation is segmented
Interior all odd-numbered wide lane diggings of digging finish；
Then the exploitation of digging first is segmented the wide lane R of interior Article 2 digging12, then successively the exploitation of digging second is segmented interior Article 2
The wide lane R of digging22, until m exploitation is segmented the wide lane R of interior Article 2 diggingm2Digging finishes；In each exploitation segmentation, with first
Wide one lane Tiao Kuan of lane interval, then the exploitation of digging first are segmented the wide lane R of interior Article 414, then successively the in the exploitation of digging second segmentation
The wide lane R of four diggings24, until m exploitation is segmented the wide lane R of interior Article 4 diggingm4；By above-mentioned mining sequence, until exploitation segmentation
Interior all even-numbered wide lane diggings of digging finish；
After the completion of 5th step, the first exploitation segmentation wide lane digging of first article of digging, it is filled immediately, meanwhile, it adopts
Pick the first exploitation segmentation wide lane of Article 3 digging, exploitation block is interior to form digging operation face and the operation simultaneously of packing job face
Mode, until the wide lane digging of all odd-numbered diggings and filling finishes in all exploitations segmentation；When n is odd number, own
Exploitation is segmented the interior even-numbered wide lane of digging and only carries out digging without filling；When n is even number, it is located at " adopt-fill " and exploits block
Carry out packing job after the completion of the wide lane digging of the digging of segment boundary, remaining all exploitations be segmented in the even-numbered wide lanes of digging into
Row digging is without filling；
" Cai-is stayed " exploitation block is divided into the wide lane two of several articles of diggings and thin coal pillar by the 6th step, the wide lane two of digging and narrow
Coal column is alternately arranged, and the wide lane two of digging successively sorts along advance of the face direction and carries out digging, is exploited and is only adopted in block
The digging in the lane Jue Kuan and without filling, i.e., digging operation face two is only existed in exploitation block, until all adopting in exploitation block
Two digging of the lane Jue Kuan finishes；
7th step, digging sequence and principle according to third step to the wide lane of the 6th step digging and the wide lane two of digging, " adopt-fill "
Exploitation block and " Cai-is stayed " exploitation block in be respectively arranged multiple digging operation faces simultaneously digging and meet the 5th step described in article
The wide lane of the digging of part is filled；According to third step to the wide lane of the 6th step digging and the wide lane two of digging digging sequence and principle,
Multiple " adopt-fill " exploitation block and " Cai-is stayed " exploitation block are arranged in working face while being exploited, and form bull parallel operations, directly
To the back production for completing entire working face.
" adopt-fill " exploitation block adopts block as master, exploits and fill offset in the way of the driving of wide lane, " Cai-is stayed "
Block, which is equally exploited but stayed by the way of wide lane driving, sets thin coal pillar, for coordinating coal mining rate and filling rate, passes through control
The exploitation of system " adopt-fill " exploitation block and the wide lane driving of " Cai-is stayed " exploitation block and filling parameters come effectively and reasonably, in real time
Ground adjustment and the development of control overlying mining rock water producing fractures, realize water protection mining, optimize the comprehensive benefit of coal mining.
Preferably, adopting block based on exploitation block, " adopt-fill " exploits block and promote length and " Cai-is stayed " in the first step
Exploitation block promotes length ratio to be at least 2:1.
Preferably, in the 7th step, it, need to when " adopt-fill " exploits the block interior multiple work surfaces of arrangement digging simultaneously and filling
Meet packing job face number no more than digging operation face number, and packing job face and digging operation face are at least spaced one
The wide lane of digging or a filling finish and reach the tunnel of bearing strength requirement.
Further, in " adopt-fill " exploitation block during the wide lane of digging, by whether calculating the development of overlying strata water producing fractures
Water barrier is connected to control the pack completeness in the wide lane of digging in " adopt-fill " block；Overlying strata water producing fractures development height and pack completeness
Relationship may be expressed as:
In formula, HupFor overlying strata water producing fractures development height, m；M is coal seam thickness, m；η is pack completeness, i.e., in the wide lane of digging
The ratio between volume and extraction coal volume after obturation is sufficiently compacted；λ is overlying strata water producing fractures development impact coefficient, by geology item
The factors such as part, coal winning technology and filling process influence.
It is theoretical based on rock stratum equivalent coefficient of permeability in permeation fluid mechanics, calculate separately each rock stratum above overlying strata water flowing fractured zone
Equivalent coefficient of permeability, by the way that in analysis digging wide lane driving and stowing operation, the permeability variation of the equivalent barrier layer of overlying strata comes
Can judgement meet the requirement of water protection mining.
Further, it in " Cai-is stayed " block in the wide lane tunneling process of digging, is controlled by calculating the ultimate strength of thin coal pillar
The wide lane sky lane count mesh of digging processed；The wide lane sky lane count mesh n of digging that unstability does not occur for guarantee thin coal pillar in " Cai-is stayed " block need to expire
Foot:
In formula, [σ] is coal column compression strength, MPa；F is coal column safety coefficient；SpFor thin coal pillar width, m；SrIt is wide for digging
Lanewidth degree, m；F is Protodyakonov coefficient；γ is rock volume-weighted average, N/m3；kfFor pressure arch correction factor.
Further, after over packing, the deflection of the i-th layer of rock stratum in top is directly pushed up in coal seam in digging wide lane are as follows:
Horizontal distortion amount is respectively as follows:
In formula, U is directly to push up deflection, m；N is the wide lane count mesh of digging；B is the wide lanewidth degree of digging, m；HiIt is direct for coal seam
The i-th layer of rock stratum in top top is away from the vertical range directly pushed up, m；H2It is base object model away from the vertical range directly pushed up, m；θ is rock stratum shifting
It is dynamic to influence angle, °.
Further, easily occur local stress in load bearing process due to obturation and thin coal pillar to concentrate, local location
Easily rupture, and the rupture of local location causes its infrared radiation temperature field that can generate a point different and discretization phenomenon, causes red
External radiation index can also mutate therewith.
Therefore, in the wide lane tunneling process of the 4th step digging, in the wide lane stowing operation of the 5th step digging, the 6th wide lane of step digging
In two tunneling processes, it is all made of infra-red thermal imaging system and observes the surface infra-red radiation information of face coal and rock, filling respectively
The surface infra-red radiation information and face coal and rock of body and the surface infra-red radiation information of thin coal pillar, thus to water body position
It sets, the migration of gushing water or water resource, the stability of stability and thin coal pillar to obturation is monitored early warning.
Infra-red radiation index shows that obturation and coal column are stablized there is no mutation；The mutation of infra-red radiation index (refers to
10 times or more of amplitude when amplitude is unmutated when mark mutates), unstability will occur for obturation and coal column, can be to coal or rock dynamic
Disaster carries out prediction.
Further, underground coal mine lies concealed the deep circulation of water body and its into the process of osmosis of surrounding rock body, will lead to
Nearby water bodies carrying coal and rock temperature field change, in turn result in infra-red radiation and change, but the essence of this variation and
Variation degree is as caused by water body scale and hydraulic pressure etc., and water body has driving spatial surface and internal influence and far has closely, is led
Cause the infrared field strength variation degree inside coal and rock at certain depth different.
If pushing ahead with face, gradual change type variation occurs for infra-red radiation index, then indicates in front of face there is water
Body, at this point, carrying out the detection specific orientation of water body using geological radar；If infra-red radiation index mutation formula changes, i.e. index
10 times or more of amplitude when amplitude is unmutated when mutation, then indicate that gushing water will occur for face, at this point, using infrared
Thermal imaging system observes face infra-red radiation information, migrates to water body position, gushing water or water resource and carries out prediction and warning.
A kind of water resource migration monitoring and system for pre-warning water disaster, including long-range detection system, short distance observation system, face
Boundary's distance monitoring system, data collection system, data analysis system, water resource migration evaluation system and system for pre-warning water disaster；
Long-range detection system, including remote sensing satellite, unmanned plane and remote sensing image processing software, for being made to seam mining
At mining area surface River system change detected；
Drilling, water-level gauge, water quality testing meter, subsurface flow are observed in short distance observation system, including hydrological observation drilling, CT
Speed flows to analyzer, roadway water yield monitor and forward probe drilling, for Groundwater movement caused by seam mining
Situation is observed in real time；
Critical distance monitors system, including borehole stressmeter and infrared explosion-proof thermal imaging system, during to seam mining
Water burst, stress and the temperature change of stope be monitored；
Data collection system, including data acquisition equipment, data transmission system and system substation and master station, by it is remote, close, face
The data of three system monitorings collect each system substation and master station by way of wireless and wire transmission；
Data analysis system analyzes the data acquired in database, to mining area using computer ready-made program
Table fractured zones density (DL), overlying strata cranny development height (FL) surface water reticular density (SW), groundwater level (DS), water quality
(QI), inflow rate of mine water (YS), stope stress (YL) and infrared radiation temperature (WD) parameter are analyzed, and according to not belonging to
Property data generate multivariable correlation curve, duration curve and isopleth；
Water resource migration evaluation system, is the evaluation system based on data analysis system, can calculate coal mining interference
Index (MI) establishes functional relation by mathematical method and each water resource migration evaluation index, i.e.,
MI=f (DL, FL, SW, DS, QI, YS)
And according to coal mining Annoyance Index, coal mining is influenced to be divided into level Four caused by mine water resource: water money
Source stream loses that serious, water resource utility model is medium, water resource utility model is slight and without the zone of influence, thus to mining area water caused by coal mining
Resource loss situation is evaluated；
System for pre-warning water disaster, is the judgement system based on data analysis system, discriminant criterion include groundwater level (DS),
Water quality (QI), inflow rate of mine water (YS), stope stress (YL), infrared radiation temperature (WD), using multi-source information comprehensive distinguishing side
Method analyzes all discriminant criterion data, provides corresponding danger that is, when some discriminant criterion reaches early warning threshold values
Property grading, different grades is classified as different water disaster types, provides corresponding disposal method for different grades.
A kind of water resource migration monitoring and water damage method for early warning, steps are as follows:
The first step takes photo by plane to mining area surface by remote sensing satellite and unmanned plane, soft using professional remote sensing image processing
Part such as is corrected to photo, cuts and merges at the pretreatment, obtains surface drainage, fractured zones data；
Second step drills in the arrangement hydrological observation of mining area appropriate location, and phreatic table or aqueous position layer by layer are installed in drilling
Water-level gauge, water quality quick analytic instrument and groundwater velocity or analyzer, to groundwater level, water quality, flow velocity, flow direction and particle
The flow-datas such as object particle size are acquired；
Third step, before working face mining, along advance of the face direction, arrange that one group of CT observation is bored every 20m in earth's surface
Hole；The wherein two neighboring launch hole and receiver hole to drill respectively as CT bore detecting system, to not by exploitation disturbance overlying strata
The developmental state in crack is observed；
4th step is respectively arranged borehole stressmeter and infrared explosion-proof thermal imaging system in coal mining, driving face, to seam mining
Stope stress and ir radiation data in the process is acquired in real time；
5th step, the substation that the data that each monitoring device acquires are transferred to each region by data collection system,
Finally upload to system master station；
6th step is analyzed using data of the data analysis system to each evaluation index, obtains the change of each index
Law；
7th step is commented using the influence that water resource migration evaluation system is lost coal mining to mine water resource
Valence, and recovery method is adjusted in time；
8th step analyzes collected data using system for pre-warning water disaster, judges to face in shaft production each
Kind water damage risk, provides corresponding warning level for different water damages, and provide corresponding disposal method.
Wall type Lian Cailian fills water protection mining and water resource migration monitoring, water damage method for early warning by sacrificing fraction recovery ratio
Coordinate coal mining rate mutually with filling rate, the work surface number by adjusting digging simultaneously in exploitation block realizes coal
High-efficiency mining, the pack completeness by flexibly controlling " Cai-is stayed " block improve filler utilization rate, adopt to advanced optimize
The comprehensive benefit of coal；Meanwhile by the way that in the wide lane driving of analysis digging and stowing operation, the permeability of the equivalent barrier layer of overlying strata changes
Judge that the requirement of water protection mining can be met, passes through the surface infra-red radiation letter that infra-red thermal imaging system observes digging space
Breath migrates to dynamic disaster, water body position, gushing water or water resource and carries out prediction and warning；The invention also discloses a kind of water resources
Real-time monitoring of migrating and system for pre-warning water disaster, cause mine water resource wastage and the incident water damage of stope to coal mining
Comprehensive monitoring and early warning are carried out, and carries out rational evaluation.This method is adaptable to field geology conditions and mine pressure ring border, opens up
The wide applicable elements of water-protection coal-mining method, are a kind of potential water-protection coal-mining methods, have broad application prospects with it is huge
Big promotional value.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that layout of actual mining roadway and exploitation block divide schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that " adopt-fill " exploitation block is divided into exploitation stepwise schematic views in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is that exploitation is segmented the wide lane division schematic diagram of interior digging in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is that " adopt-fill " exploits block digging and fill the wide lane schematic diagram of odd-numbered digging in the present invention；
Fig. 5 is that " adopt-fill " exploits the wide lane schematic diagram of the even-numbered digging of block digging in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is that " adopt-fill " exploitation block digging and packing job finish schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 7 is that " Cai-is stayed " exploitation wide lane of block digging and reserved thin coal pillar divide schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 8 is that " Cai-is stayed " exploits block digging operation schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 9 is that " Cai-is stayed " exploitation block digging operation finishes schematic diagram in the present invention；
Figure 10 is that bull digging and multiple exploitation block parallel operations schematic diagrames in block are exploited in the present invention；
Figure 11 is that entire working face mining and filling finish schematic diagram in the present invention；
Figure 12 is water resource migration monitoring and system for pre-warning water disaster schematic diagram in the present invention；
Figure 13 is water resource migration monitoring and system for pre-warning water disaster top view in the present invention.
In figure: 1, " adopt-fill " exploits block；2, " Cai-is stayed " exploits block；；3, assistant conveyance lane；4, open-off cut；5, main
Transportation roadway；6, exploitation segmentation；7, the wide lane of digging；8, digging operation face；9, packing job face；10, thin coal pillar；11, the wide lane of digging
Two；12, digging operation face two；13, long-range detection system；14, short distance observation system；15, critical distance monitors system；
16, data collection system；17-1 data analysis system；17-2 water resource migration evaluation system；17-3 system for pre-warning water disaster；18,
Hydrological observation drilling；19, CT observation drilling.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
A kind of wall type Lian Cailian fills water-protection coal-mining method, and steps are as follows:
As shown in Figure 1, the first step, moving towards along working face direction and being divided into " adopt-fill " exploitation block that several groups are alternately arranged
Section 1 and " Cai-is stayed " exploit block 2；Described " adopt-fill " exploitation block 1 and " Cai-is stayed " exploitation block 2 are all made of wide lane driving
Form is exploited, and coal column is not stayed between the tunnel exploited in " adopt-fill " exploitation block 1, and carry out to the tunnel that digging is completed
Filling, " Cai-is stayed ", which exploits to stay between the tunnel exploited in block 2, sets thin coal pillar 10, and the tunnel that digging is completed is without filling；
In the present embodiment, it is that normal coal wall is moved towards to promote length that coal wall, which promotes length, and width is normal
The tilt length of coal wall, and in view of wide lane digging and pack effectiveness and ventilation requirement, push width is no more than 200m；
In progradation, block coal production is adopted with filling rate and guarantee master in order to coordinate to mine, " adopt-fill " opens
It adopts block 1 and " Cai-is stayed " exploitation block 2 promotes length ratio not less than 2:1；Coal mining efficiency, control are improved to reach simultaneously
Filling cost and the purpose for realizing water protection mining, have advanced optimized the comprehensive benefit mined.
Second step moves towards direction arrangement assistant conveyance lane 3 and main transportation roadway 5 along working face, and inclines on work surface edges edge
Tilted direction digging open-off cut 4 constitutes ventilation circuit, and the wide lane digging each time of entire working face is equal to normal coal wall and adopts
The width of the feed of coal machine, wide lane is equal to feed size of coalcutter, i.e. production zone is arranged as coal wall back production
Form；
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, third step, along advance of the face direction " will adopt-fill " exploitation block 1 be divided into m exploitation
Segmentation 6 exploits block edge and is the first exploitation segmentation close to 4 side of open-off cut, remaining exploitation segmentation 6 is successively sorted；Exploitation
Along vertical or favour working face and move towards direction and mark off the wide lane 7 of n digging in segmentation 6, exploitation 6 edges of segmentation and cut close to opening
4 sides of eye are first wide lane of digging, and the wide lane 7 of remaining digging is successively sorted；
The present embodiment " will adopt-fill " exploitation block 1 and be divided into three exploitation segmentations 6, Mei Gekai along advance of the face direction
It adopts and divides the wide lane 7 of four diggings in segmentation 6；
In 4th step, " adopt-fill " exploitation block 1, the exploitation of digging first first is segmented the wide lane R of interior first digging11, successively
The exploitation of digging second is segmented the wide lane R of interior first digging21, until third exploitation is segmented the wide lane R of interior first digging31；Respectively opening
It adopts in segmentation, with one lane Tiao Kuan of the first lane Tiao Kuan interval, the exploitation of digging first is segmented the wide lane R of interior Article 313, then successively digging
Two exploitations are segmented the wide lane R of interior Article 3 digging23, until third exploitation is segmented the wide lane R of interior Article 3 digging33；When all exploitations point
In section 6 after all odd-numbered wide 7 diggings of lane of digging, then the exploitation of digging first is segmented the wide lane R of interior Article 2 digging12, according to
The secondary exploitation of digging second is segmented the wide lane R of interior Article 2 digging22, until third exploitation is segmented the wide lane R of interior Article 2 digging32；Each
In exploitation segmentation, with one lane Tiao Kuan of the first lane Tiao Kuan interval, the exploitation of digging first is segmented the wide lane R of interior Article 414, then successively digging
Second exploitation is segmented the wide lane R of interior Article 4 digging24, until third exploitation is segmented the wide lane R of interior Article 4 digging34；By above-mentioned exploitation
Sequentially, until exploitation is segmented all even-numbered wide lane diggings of digging in 6 and finishes.
After the completion of 5th step, the first exploitation segmentation wide lane digging of first article of digging, it is filled immediately, meanwhile, it adopts
Pick the first exploitation segmentation wide lane of Article 3 digging, exploitation block is interior to be formd digging operation face 8 and packing job face 9 while making
The mode of industry, until the wide lane digging of all odd-numbered diggings and filling finishes in all exploitations segmentation 6；N is in the present embodiment
Even number 4, therefore the wide lane digging of digging for being located at " adopt-fill " exploitation 1 boundary of block carries out packing job after the completion, residue is all to be opened
It adopts the even-numbered wide lane of digging in segmentation 6 and only carries out digging without filling；
As shown in figure 4, being " adopt-fill " exploitation 1 digging of block and filling the wide lane schematic diagram of odd-numbered digging；Such as Fig. 4
Shown, as " adopt-fill " exploits the wide lane schematic diagram of the even-numbered digging of 1 digging of block；As shown in fig. 6, being " adopt-fill " exploitation
1 digging of block and packing job finish schematic diagram；
" Cai-is stayed " exploitation block 2 is divided into the wide lane 2 11 of several articles of diggings and thin coal pillar 10, the wide lane of digging by the 6th step
2 11 and thin coal pillar 10 be alternately arranged, the wide lane 2 11 of digging successively sorts along advance of the face direction and carries out digging, exploits block
The digging in the wide lane of digging is only carried out in section without filling, until all wide exploitations of lane 2 11 of digging finish in exploitation block；
As shown in fig. 7, being that the wide lane 2 11 of " Cai-is stayed " exploitation 2 digging of block and reserved thin coal pillar 10 divide schematic diagram；Such as
Shown in Fig. 8, as " Cai-is stayed " exploits the wide lane 2 11 of 2 digging of block along advance of the face direction according to R1、R2、R3、R4Successively adopt
Dig schematic diagram；As shown in figure 9, being that " Cai-is stayed " exploitation 2 digging operation of block finishes schematic diagram；
As shown in Figure 10, the 7th step, mining sequence and principle according to third step to the 6th wide lane of step digging, " adopt-fill "
The digging simultaneously of multiple digging operation faces 8 and 12 is respectively arranged in exploitation block 1 and " Cai-is stayed " exploitation block 2 and to satisfaction the 5th
The wide lane of digging for walking the condition is filled；Meanwhile arranging that multiple " adopt-fill " exploitation block 1 and " Cai-is stayed " are opened in working face
It adopts block 2 while exploiting, form bull parallel operations, until completing the back production of entire working face；As shown in figure 11, as entirely
Working face mining, filling finish schematic diagram.
Wherein, in " adopt-fill " exploitation block during the wide lane of digging, by calculating whether the development of overlying strata water producing fractures is connected
Water barrier controls the pack completeness in the wide lane of digging in " adopt-fill " block:
Assuming that n-th layer rock stratum above overlying strata cranny development to coal seam, takes cell cube, unit body length at cranny development edge
It is highly 2y for dx, the distance of cell cube upper and lower boundary to horizontal direction symmetry axis is y, and left and right section is in deformation process
In, it is relatively rotated around vertical direction symmetry axisRadius of curvature is ρ；
Under critical condition, the strain of rock stratum cell cube lower boundary is
The limiting strain of rock stratum is
In formula, hRFor n-th layer depth of stratum, m；γ is the bulk density of n-th layer rock stratum, kN/m3；hupIt is crack in n-th layer rock
The development height of layer, m；L0For the wide lanewidth degree of digging, m；MijFor maximal bending moment suffered by the rock stratum, kNm；L0For stope offset
Width, m；E is the elasticity modulus of the rock stratum, GPa；
Meet following geometrical relationship between rock depression amount, the wide lanewidth degree of digging and radius of curvature
In formula, w is rock depression amount, m.
It can thus be concluded that
Overlying strata cranny development height is
In formula, HupFor overlying strata cranny development height, m；hiFor i-th layer of depth of stratum (i=1,2,3 ...) above coal seam, m.
According to " mining height of equal value " correlation theory, the relationship of overlying strata cranny development height and pack completeness can use hyperbolic function
Form indicates, coefficient lambda is defined, for characterizing pack completeness to the influence degree of overlying strata cranny development；Therefore, HupThe relationship of-η are as follows:
In formula, M is coal seam thickness, m；
It is theoretical based on rock stratum equivalent coefficient of permeability in permeation fluid mechanics, calculate separately each rock stratum above overlying strata water flowing fractured zone
Equivalent coefficient of permeability, by the way that in analysis digging wide lane driving and stowing operation, the permeability variation of the equivalent barrier layer of overlying strata comes
Can judgement meet the requirement of water protection mining.
Wherein, in " Cai-is stayed " block in the wide lane tunneling process of digging, the ultimate strength by calculating thin coal pillar is adopted to control
The lane Jue Kuan sky lane count mesh: the wide lane sky lane count mesh of digging is bigger, and thin coal pillar is more easy to happen unstability, is based on pressure arch theory and the limit
Strength theory, the compression above thin coal pillar are
In formula, FNFor the compression above thin coal pillar, MPa；N is the wide lane sky lane count mesh of digging；SpFor thin coal pillar width, m；
SrFor the wide lanewidth degree of digging, m；F is Protodyakonov coefficient；γ is rock volume-weighted average, N/m3；kfFor pressure arch correction factor.
The wide lane sky lane count mesh n of digging that unstability does not occur for guarantee thin coal pillar in " Cai-is stayed " block needs to meet
In formula, [σ] is coal column compression strength, MPa；F is coal column safety coefficient.
The sag curve for directly pushing up i-th layer of rock stratum (i >=2) bending deformation in top is considered as by the wide lane of digging after over packing
Straight line, then the area of subsidence S at the top of the rock stratumiIt can be expressed as
Si=(nb/2+Hicotθ)wi(0) (9)
Base object model largest amount of subsidence is equal with directly pushing up, i.e. w2(0)=U, then have
S2=(nb/2+H2cotθ)U (10)
Assuming that the area of subsidence of more than base object model each layer position rock stratum is equal, i.e. Si=S2(i >=2), then
Directly deflection is at the top of the rock stratum of i-th layer of the top in top
Directly the i-th layer of rock stratum horizontal distortion amount in top top is
Further, easily occur local stress in load bearing process due to obturation and thin coal pillar to concentrate, local location
Easily rupture, and the rupture of local location causes its infrared radiation temperature field that can generate a point different and discretization phenomenon, causes red
External radiation index can also mutate therewith.
Therefore, in the wide lane tunneling process of the 4th step digging, in the wide lane stowing operation of the 5th step digging, the 6th wide lane of step digging
In two tunneling processes, it is all made of infra-red thermal imaging system and observes the surface infra-red radiation information of face coal and rock, filling respectively
The surface infra-red radiation information and face coal and rock of body and the surface infra-red radiation information of thin coal pillar, thus to water body position
It sets, the migration of gushing water or water resource, the stability of stability and thin coal pillar 10 to obturation is monitored early warning.
Infra-red radiation index shows that obturation and coal column are stablized there is no mutation；The mutation of infra-red radiation index (refers to
10 times or more of amplitude when amplitude is unmutated when mark mutates), unstability will occur for obturation and coal column, can be to coal or rock dynamic
Disaster carries out prediction.
Further, underground coal mine lies concealed the deep circulation of water body and its into the process of osmosis of surrounding rock body, will lead to
Nearby water bodies carrying coal and rock temperature field change, in turn result in infra-red radiation and change, but the essence of this variation and
Variation degree is as caused by water body scale and hydraulic pressure etc., and water body has driving spatial surface and internal influence and far has closely, is led
Cause the infrared field strength variation degree inside coal and rock at certain depth different.
If pushing ahead with face, gradual change type variation occurs for infra-red radiation index, then indicates in front of face there is water
Body, at this point, carrying out the detection specific orientation of water body using geological radar；If infra-red radiation index mutation formula changes, i.e. index
10 times or more of amplitude when amplitude is unmutated when mutation, then indicate that gushing water will occur for face, at this point, using infrared
Thermal imaging system observes face infra-red radiation information, migrates to water body position, gushing water or water resource and carries out prediction and warning.
A kind of water resource migration monitoring and system for pre-warning water disaster, including long-range detection system 13, short distance observation system
14, critical distance monitoring system 15, data collection system 16, data analysis system 17-1, water resource migration evaluation system 17-2,
System for pre-warning water disaster 17-3；
Long-range detection system 13, including remote sensing satellite, unmanned plane and remote sensing image processing software, for seam mining
Caused by mining area surface River system change detected；
Drilling, water-level gauge, water quality testing meter, underground water are observed in short distance observation system 14, including hydrological observation drilling, CT
Flow velocity flows to analyzer, roadway water yield monitor and forward probe drilling, for underground water transport caused by seam mining
Condition of shifting one's love is observed in real time；
Critical distance monitors system 15, including borehole stressmeter and infrared explosion-proof thermal imaging system, for seam mining process
In water burst, stress and the temperature change of stope be monitored；
Data collection system 16, including data acquisition equipment, data transmission system and system substation and master station, will it is remote, close,
The data for facing three system monitorings collect each system substation and master station by way of wireless and wire transmission；
Data analysis system 17-1 analyzes the data acquired in database, using computer ready-made program to mine
Area's ground crack distribution density (DL), overlying strata cranny development height (FL) surface water reticular density (SW), groundwater level (DS), water
Matter (QI), inflow rate of mine water (YS), stope stress (YL) and infrared radiation temperature (WD) parameter are analyzed, and according to difference
Attribute data generates multivariable correlation curve, duration curve and isopleth；
Water resource migration evaluation system 17-2, is the evaluation system based on data analysis system, can calculate coal mining
Annoyance Index (MI) establishes functional relation by mathematical method and each water resource migration evaluation index, it may be assumed that
MI=f (DL, FL, SW, DS, QI, YS) (13)
And according to coal mining Annoyance Index, coal mining is influenced to be divided into level Four caused by mine water resource: water money
Source stream loses that serious, water resource utility model is medium, water resource utility model is slight and without the zone of influence, thus to mining area water caused by coal mining
Resource loss situation is evaluated；
System for pre-warning water disaster 17-3, is the judgement system based on data analysis system, and discriminant criterion includes groundwater level
(DS), water quality (QI), inflow rate of mine water (YS), stope stress (YL), infrared radiation temperature (WD) are sentenced using multi-source information synthesis
Other method analyzes all discriminant criterion data that is, when some discriminant criterion reaches early warning threshold values, provides corresponding
Risk grading, different grades is classified as different water disaster types, provides corresponding disposition for different grades
Scheme.
A kind of water resource migration monitoring, water damage method for early warning, steps are as follows:
The first step takes photo by plane to mining area surface by remote sensing satellite and unmanned plane, soft using professional remote sensing image processing
Part such as is corrected to photo, cuts and merges at the pretreatment, obtains surface drainage, fractured zones data；
Second step arranges hydrological observation drilling 18 in mining area appropriate location, and phreatic table or aqueous position layer by layer are pacified in drilling
Fill water-level gauge, water quality quick analytic instrument and groundwater velocity or analyzer, to groundwater level, water quality, flow velocity, flow direction and
The flow-datas such as grain object particle size are acquired；
Third step, before working face mining, along advance of the face direction, arrange that one group of CT observation is bored every 20m in earth's surface
Hole 19；Wherein two neighboring drilling is covered respectively as the launch hole and receiver hole of CT bore detecting system to not disturbed by exploitation
The developmental state of lithofraction gap is observed；
4th step is respectively arranged borehole stressmeter and infrared explosion-proof thermal imaging system in coal mining, driving face, to seam mining
Stope stress and ir radiation data in the process is acquired in real time；
5th step, the son that the data that each monitoring device acquires are transferred to each region by data collection system 16
It stands, finally uploads to system master station；
6th step is analyzed using data of the data analysis system 17-1 to each evaluation index, obtains each index
Changing rule；
7th step carries out coal mining to the influence that mine water resource is lost using water resource migration evaluation system 17-2
Evaluation, and recovery method is adjusted in time；
8th step analyzes collected data using system for pre-warning water disaster 17-3, judges to face in shaft production
Various water damage risk, provide corresponding warning level for different water damages, and provide corresponding disposal method.
As shown in figure 12, water resource migration real-time monitoring as of the present invention and system for pre-warning water disaster schematic diagram；Such as figure
Shown in 13, water resource migration real-time monitoring as of the present invention and system for pre-warning water disaster top view.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of wall type Lian Cailian fills water-protection coal-mining method, which is characterized in that steps are as follows:
The first step moves towards direction along working face and is divided into " adopt-fill " exploitation block (1) and " Cai-is stayed " that several groups are alternately arranged
It exploits block (2)；Described " adopt-fill " exploitation block (1) and " Cai-is stayed " exploitation block (2) be all made of form that wide lane is tunneled into
Row exploitation, " adopt-fill " exploitation block (1) does not stay coal column between the interior tunnel exploited, and the tunnel completed to digging fills,
It stays and sets thin coal pillar (10) between the tunnel exploited in " Cai-is stayed " exploitation block (2), the tunnel that digging is completed is without filling；
Second step moves towards direction arrangement assistant conveyance lane (3) and main transportation roadway (5) along working face, and inclines on work surface edges edge
Tilted direction digging open-off cut (4) constitutes ventilation circuit, and wide lane digging is equal to normal coal wall to entire working face each time
Feed of coalcutter, the width in wide lane are equal to feed size of coalcutter, i.e. production zone is arranged as coal wall go back to
The form adopted；
Third step " will adopt-fill " exploitation block (1) along advance of the face direction and be divided into m exploitation and be segmented (6), exploitation block
Edge and close open-off cut (4) side are the first exploitation segmentation, remaining exploitation is segmented (6) and successively sorts；Exploitation segmentation (6) interior edge
It is vertical or favour working face and move towards direction and mark off the wide lane of n digging (7), exploitation segmentation (6) edge and close to open-off cut (4)
Side is first wide lane of digging, and the wide lane of remaining digging (7) is successively sorted；
In 4th step, " adopt-fill " exploitation block (1), the exploitation of digging first is segmented the wide lane R of interior first digging first11, then according to
The secondary exploitation of digging second is segmented the wide lane R of interior first digging21, until m exploitation is segmented the wide lane R of interior first article of diggingm1Digging is complete
Finish；In each exploitation segmentation (6), the interior wide lane of Article 3 is segmented with one lane Tiao Kuan of the first lane Tiao Kuan interval, then the exploitation of digging first
R13, then successively the exploitation of digging second is segmented the wide lane R of interior Article 3 digging23, until m exploitation is segmented the interior wide lane of Article 3 digging
Rm3；Digging is respectively exploited in segmentation (6) after all odd-numbered wide lane of digging (7) diggings in exploitation segmentation (6), then successively
The even-numbered wide lane of digging (7)；
The exploitation of digging first is segmented the wide lane R of interior Article 2 digging first12, then successively the exploitation of digging second is segmented interior Article 2 digging
Wide lane R22, until m exploitation is segmented the wide lane R of interior Article 2 diggingm2Digging finishes；In each exploitation segmentation, with the first lane Tiao Kuan
It is spaced a lane Tiao Kuan, then the exploitation of digging first is segmented the wide lane R of interior Article 414, then successively the exploitation of digging second is segmented interior Article 4
The wide lane R of digging24, until m exploitation is segmented the wide lane R of interior Article 4 diggingm4；By above-mentioned mining sequence, until exploitation segmentation (6)
The interior all even-numbered wide lane of digging (7) diggings finish；
After the completion of 5th step, the first exploitation segmentation wide lane digging of first article of digging, it is filled immediately, meanwhile, digging the
The one exploitation segmentation wide lane of Article 3 digging, exploitation block is interior to be formd digging operation face (8) and packing job face (9) while making
The mode of industry, until the wide lane digging of all odd-numbered diggings and filling finishes in all exploitations segmentation (6)；When n is odd number,
The even-numbered wide lane of digging only carries out digging without filling in all exploitation segmentations (6)；When n is even number, it is located at " adopt-fill "
The wide lane digging of digging for exploiting block (1) boundary carries out packing job after the completion, and remaining all exploitations are segmented even-numbered in (6)
The wide lane of digging only carries out digging without filling；
" Cai-is stayed " exploitation block (2) is divided into the wide lane two (11) of several articles of diggings and thin coal pillar (10) by the 6th step, and digging is wide
Lane two (11) and thin coal pillar (10) are alternately arranged, and the wide lane two (11) of digging is successively sorted and adopted along advance of the face direction
Pick, exploitation block interior carries out the digging in the wide lane of digging without filling, i.e., only exists digging operation face two in exploitation block
(12), it is finished until exploiting all wide lane two (11) diggings of digging in block；
7th step, digging sequence and principle according to third step to the 6th wide lane of step digging (7) and the wide lane two (11) of digging, " adopt-
Fill " digging simultaneously of multiple digging operation faces is respectively arranged in exploitation block (1) and " Cai-is stayed " exploitation block (2) and to satisfaction the
The wide lane of the digging of condition described in five steps is filled；According to third step to the 6th wide lane of step digging (7) and the wide lane two (11) of digging
Digging sequence and principle, arrange that multiple " adopt-fill " exploitation block (1) and " Cai-is stayed " is exploited block (2) while being opened in working face
It adopts, forms bull parallel operations, until completing the back production of entire working face.
2. wall type Lian Cailian according to claim 1 fills water-protection coal-mining method, which is characterized in that in the first step, exploit block
Block is adopted based on section (1), " adopt-fill " exploits block (1) and length and " Cai-is stayed " exploitation block (2) is promoted to promote length ratio extremely
It is less 2:1.
3. wall type Lian Cailian according to claim 2 fills water-protection coal-mining method, which is characterized in that in the 7th step, " adopt-fill "
When exploiting block (1) the interior multiple work surfaces of arrangement digging simultaneously and filling, packing job face (9) number need to be met and be not more than digging
Work surface (8) number, and packing job face (9) are at least spaced a wide lane of digging (7) with digging operation face (8) or one is filled
Complete the tunnel for finishing and reaching bearing strength requirement.
4. filling water-protection coal-mining method to wall type Lian Cailian described in 3 any claims according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
" adopt-fill " exploits in block during the wide lane of digging, controls by the way that whether calculating overlying strata water producing fractures development is connected water barrier
The pack completeness in the wide lane of digging in " adopt-fill " block；The relationship of overlying strata water producing fractures development height and pack completeness may be expressed as:
In formula, HupFor overlying strata water producing fractures development height, m；M is coal seam thickness, m；η is pack completeness, i.e. the wide entry-in packing of digging
The ratio between volume and extraction coal volume after body is sufficiently compacted；λ is overlying strata water producing fractures development impact coefficient, by geological conditions, is adopted
The factors such as coal technique and filling process influence.
5. filling water-protection coal-mining method to wall type Lian Cailian described in 3 any claims according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In " Cai-is stayed " block in the wide lane tunneling process of digging, the wide lane sky lane count of digging is controlled by calculating the ultimate strength of thin coal pillar
Mesh；The wide lane sky lane count mesh n of digging that unstability does not occur for guarantee thin coal pillar in " Cai-is stayed " block needs to meet:
In formula, [σ] is coal column compression strength, MPa；F is coal column safety coefficient；SpFor thin coal pillar width, m；SrFor the wide lanewidth of digging
Degree, m；F is Protodyakonov coefficient；γ is rock volume-weighted average, N/m3；kfFor pressure arch correction factor.
6. filling water-protection coal-mining method to wall type Lian Cailian described in 3 any claims according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
After over packing, the deflection of the i-th layer of rock stratum in top is directly pushed up in coal seam in digging wide lane are as follows:
Horizontal distortion amount is respectively as follows:
In formula, U is directly to push up deflection, m；N is the wide lane count mesh of digging；B is the wide lanewidth degree of digging, m；HiOn directly being pushed up for coal seam
The i-th layer of rock stratum in side is away from the vertical range directly pushed up, m；H2It is base object model away from the vertical range directly pushed up, m；θ is strata movement shadow
Angle is rung, °.
7. filling water-protection coal-mining method to wall type Lian Cailian described in 3 any claims according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
In the wide lane tunneling process of 4th step digging, in the wide lane stowing operation of the 5th step digging, in wide two tunneling process of lane of the 6th step digging,
It is all made of infra-red thermal imaging system and observes the outer spoke of the surface infra-red radiation information of face coal and rock, the surface red of obturation respectively
The surface infra-red radiation information for penetrating information and face coal and rock and thin coal pillar, thus to water body position, gushing water or water resource
Migration, the stability of stability and thin coal pillar (10) to obturation are monitored early warning.
8. wall type Lian Cailian according to claim 7 fills water-protection coal-mining method, which is characterized in that if forward with digging
It promotes, gradual change type variation occurs for infra-red radiation index, then indicates in front of face there is water body, at this point, carrying out using geological radar
Detect the specific orientation of water body；If infra-red radiation index mutation formula changes, i.e., when amplitude is unmutated when index mutates
10 times or more of amplitude then indicate that gushing water will occur for face, at this point, infrared using infra-red thermal imaging system observation face
Radiation information migrates to water body position, gushing water or water resource and carries out prediction and warning.
9. a kind of water resource migration monitoring, water damage method for early warning, which is characterized in that steps are as follows:
The first step takes photo by plane to mining area surface by remote sensing satellite and unmanned plane, utilizes professional remote sensing image processing software pair
Photo such as is corrected, cuts and merges at the pretreatment, obtains surface drainage, fractured zones data；
Second step drills (18) in the arrangement hydrological observation of mining area appropriate location, and phreatic table or aqueous position layer by layer are installed in drilling
Water-level gauge, water quality quick analytic instrument and groundwater velocity or analyzer, to groundwater level, water quality, flow velocity, flow direction and particle
The flow-datas such as object particle size are acquired；
Third step, before working face mining, along advance of the face direction, arrange one group of CT observation drilling every 20m in earth's surface
(19)；Wherein two neighboring drilling is covered respectively as the launch hole and receiver hole of CT bore detecting system to not disturbed by exploitation
The developmental state of lithofraction gap is observed；
4th step is respectively arranged borehole stressmeter and infrared explosion-proof thermal imaging system in coal mining, driving face, to seam mining process
In stope stress and ir radiation data acquired in real time；
5th step, the substation that the data that each monitoring device acquires are transferred to each region by data collection system (16),
Finally upload to system master station；
6th step analyzes the data of each evaluation index using data analysis system (17-1), obtains each index
Changing rule；
7th step is commented using the influence that water resource migration evaluation system (17-2) is lost coal mining to mine water resource
Valence, and recovery method is adjusted in time；
8th step analyzes collected data using system for pre-warning water disaster (17-3), judges to face in shaft production
Various water damage risk provide corresponding warning level for different water damages, and provide corresponding disposal method.
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| CA3142063A CA3142063A1 (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2019-08-26 | Wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method, and water resource migration monitoring and water disaster early warning method |
| PCT/CN2019/102479 WO2020119177A1 (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2019-08-26 | Wall continuous mining and continuous filling water-preserved coal mining method, and water resource migration monitoring and water disaster early warning method |
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Also Published As
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| WO2020119177A1 (en) | 2020-06-18 |
| CA3142063A1 (en) | 2020-06-18 |
| CN109577982B (en) | 2020-09-04 |
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