CN115754235B - Interaction device and monitoring method for surrounding rock time-varying and filling body hardening process - Google Patents
Interaction device and monitoring method for surrounding rock time-varying and filling body hardening process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an interaction device and a monitoring method for a surrounding rock time-varying and filling body hardening process, comprising the following steps: determining the size of the goaf; step two: determining uniaxial tensile and compressive strength of a rock mass to be simulated; step three: determining the solids concentration of the filler material; step four: the strength of the surrounding rock similar material is determined according to the second step; step five: assembling a plurality of channel steel and steel brackets into a molding structure; step six: placing a custom plastic foam block in a center position of the mold; step seven: pouring the slurry so that the slurry fills the whole model; step eight: curing; step nine: monitoring and recording the data change of each data acquisition instrument; step eleven: and (5) sorting the monitoring data. The invention has the technical effects that deformation monitoring can be completed, the influence process of deformation can be analyzed, and the influence range, deformation characteristics, strength distribution characteristics, hydration thermal change condition and heat transfer process of deformation can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of monitoring of surrounding rock bodies, in particular to an interaction device and a monitoring method for a hardening process of a surrounding rock time-varying and filling body.
Background
A large amount of goaf and tailings are generated in the metal mining process. The total amount of mine solid waste in China is counted to be more than 250 hundred million tons, about 1.2 ten thousand tailings ponds are arranged, the total amount of the tailings ponds is counted to be more than 100 hundred million tons, and the total amount of the tailings ponds is increased at the speed of 6 hundred million tons per year. Mine wastes such as tailings, waste stones and the like are prepared into filling bodies to be backfilled into the goaf, a safe operation platform can be provided for underground mining, ground pressure is controlled, disasters such as goaf collapse and the like are eliminated, and the aims of 'treating three wastes by filling and treating two wastes by waste' are achieved. Therefore, developing intelligent, green and economic filling mining technology is a key break for solving the problem of mine ecological environment. The properties of the pack are mainly dependent on interactions with the surrounding rock mass. This interaction is mainly determined by two factors: (1) The time effect of the hardening process of the stope cemented filling body is influenced by the temperature and the time-dependent deformation of the deep surrounding rock besides the hydration reaction of the cementing agent, so that the microstructure evolution of the hardening process of the filling body can be changed; in addition, friction generated at the interface can form a stress arching structure inside the filling body, and can influence microstructure evolution and hardening process of the filling body. (2) The rheological effects of the deep surrounding rock mass itself have time dependence, especially in deep high stress, high temperature, broken rock mass and stopes with larger exposure space, and the deformation process tends to be longer in duration.
Deep mining is the most main way for guaranteeing sustainable development and supply of metal mineral resources in China. When shallow mining is carried out, the ground stress range is about 10-20 MPa, and the well Wen Yiban is less than 30 ℃; when deep mining is performed, the mining depth exceeds kilometers or even more, the stress of the original rock can reach 40-80 MPa, and the temperature of the working face is as high as 30-60 ℃. The rheological characteristics of the rock in such an environment are remarkable, and the deformation of the rock has strong time dependence, which is one of main differences from shallow mining. The hardening process of the cemented filling body is greatly influenced by stress and temperature maintenance, and shows obvious volume deformation characteristics, the process has obvious time effect, and how is the hardening process changed under the action of strong rheological and high temperature of deep surrounding rock? The change has an influence on the deformation of surrounding rock, and the interaction mechanical model and analysis without considering the time effect can not be applied in the past in the face of the problem of interaction between two phases with obvious aging characteristics.
Therefore, according to the different filling actions of mines and the characteristics of deep mine filling, in order to realize reasonable, economical and accurate configuration of the filling body type and the designated filling scheme according to the surrounding rock conditions, the skilled person is urgent to analyze the interaction mechanical characteristics of the surrounding rock aging deformation and the filling body hardening process conveniently and synchronously, and can analyze the filling body filling process into the stope at the same time, such as the problems of key filling parameters, filling rate, filling time and the like. And further, the accurate configuration of the filling body type according to the surrounding rock conditions is obtained, the reasonable filling method specified according to the surrounding rock conditions is realized, the filling body type is distributed as required, the accuracy of the filling body is further realized, the personalized filling of a stope is realized, and the filling efficiency of a mine can be greatly improved, and the filling cost is saved. However, at present, a test device for realizing the analysis and monitoring functions of the mechanical action process in the aging deformation of the surrounding rock body and the hardening process of the filling paste is lacking to achieve the aims.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an interaction monitoring method for surrounding rock time-varying and filler hardening process, which not only can complete creep deformation full-field deformation monitoring of a surrounding rock body under the effect of all levels of prestress after excavation of a filling stope, but also can simultaneously analyze the influence process of the hardening process of the filler on the creep deformation of the surrounding rock body after filling the stope, can obtain the influence range of the influence on the full-field deformation of the surrounding rock body, can analyze the deformation characteristic and the strength distribution characteristic of the filler in the stope in the stress maintenance process of aging deformation extrusion of the surrounding rock body, can monitor the temperature change in the filler in the test process, and can analyze the hydration thermal change condition of the filler and the heat transfer process between the surrounding rock body, thereby providing a necessary means for further depth of research work.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a surrounding rock time-varying and filling body hardening process interaction device, includes channel-section steel, steel support and pours box, high strength transparent material board, goaf plastic foam filling body, surrounding rock body, ore pillar, distributed optical fiber sensing line, funnel, ultrasonic sensor, temperature and strain optical fiber sensor, but pressure-bearing and waterproof stress box, steel pipe, iron piece, computer, fiber bragg grating demodulator, stress box data acquisition appearance, ultrasonic waveform acquisition appearance, connecting wire, convergence deformation meter, spacing installation crossheading, bear the weight of the steel support and pour the box on the channel-section steel, steel support and pour the box in and pour the box and pour the surrounding rock body, install high strength transparent material board on steel support and the one side of pouring the box, the inside laminating high strength transparent material board department of surrounding rock is provided with two goaf plastic foam filling bodies, but the steel support and the top that is located the surrounding rock body in the box, goaf plastic foam filling body's upper portion is provided with the steel pipe, extend to the iron piece on the upper end of steel pipe, but pressure-bearing and waterproof deformation meter, but the top is provided with the plastic foam sensor of the top of surrounding rock is provided with the top of goaf plastic foam filling body.
Preferably, distributed optical fiber sensing wires are distributed in the surrounding rock body.
Preferably, the steel bracket and the inner side surface of the pouring box body are provided with convergence deformation meters.
Preferably, the goaf plastic foam filling body in the surrounding rock body is removed and then poured into a pillar.
Preferably, the temperature and strain optical fiber sensor is connected with an optical fiber grating demodulator through a connecting wire, the pressure-bearing and waterproof stress box is connected with a stress box data acquisition instrument through a connecting wire, the ultrasonic sensor is connected with an ultrasonic wave waveform acquisition instrument through a connecting wire, and the optical fiber grating demodulator, the stress box data acquisition instrument and the ultrasonic wave waveform acquisition instrument are respectively connected with a computer.
Preferably, the steel support and the support of the pouring box body are provided with limiting mounting cis grooves for conveniently disassembling or assembling the side guard plates.
The method for monitoring interaction between the surrounding rock time-varying and the hardening process of the filling body comprises the following steps:
step one: determining the relative sizes of a filling stope and a pillar in a physical model according to the size of a goaf of a specific mine to be researched and the size of a plastic foam filling body of the goaf according to the principle of dimensional analysis in a similarity rule;
step two: preparing a 50 x 100mm cylinder sample, carrying out uniaxial loading and uniaxial tensile test, and determining the uniaxial tensile strength and the compressive strength of the rock mass to be simulated;
step three: determining the solid concentration of the required filler material, wherein the content of the cementing agent is more than 15% of fine tailings particles below 20 mu m; according to the formula: calculating the consumption of the tailings, the cementing agent and the water; preparing a filling paste material, pouring the tailings and the cementing agent into a stirrer, adding required water after fully mixing, stirring for 10-15min by the stirrer, and fully and uniformly mixing;
step four: according to the intensity of the surrounding rock similar material determined in the second step, four stress gradients of 50%, 70%, 80% and 90% of the intensity of the surrounding rock similar material are selected as surrounding rock under different prestress conditions; the prestressing is applied by placing a constant weight iron block on top of the mould; the deformation time range of the surrounding rock body under the action of prestress needs to be selected to ensure that the macroscopic strength of the surrounding rock body is larger than that of the tailing cementing filling body, and the maintenance age corresponding to near-stability is 27-29 days;
step five: sequentially assembling a plurality of channel steels 1, steel brackets and a pouring box body 2 into a molding structure, lying horizontally to form a square closed square groove, and facing upwards one side where a high-strength organic glass plate is to be installed;
step six: according to the designed goaf and mine pillar sizes, placing a plastic foam block customized in advance according to the goaf size at the center of the model to form a goaf plastic foam filling body;
step seven: pouring the prepared surrounding rock mass similar material into a mould, arranging and placing pressure-bearing and waterproof stress boxes in sequence when the height of the pouring liquid level reaches half of the thickness of the model, and manually penetrating out a lead from the bottom of the model at the moment so as to be connected with a stress box data acquisition instrument; connecting a pipeline filled with a constant-speed creep pump into the goaf roof, and then continuing to fill slurry so that the slurry fills the whole model;
step eight: wrapping the poured model with a plastic film, curing, standing the model by using a crane after curing for 28 days, then digging out a plastic foam block of a goaf plastic foam filling body, arranging a convergence deformation meter, an ultrasonic sensor and a temperature and strain optical fiber sensor in the goaf, and leading out a lead; spraying speckle on the front surface of the model, erecting a DIC full-field strain measurement device to be connected with a fiber bragg grating demodulator, and then installing a high-strength organic glass plate;
step nine: calculating the number of pre-prepared iron blocks according to the pre-stress gradient, placing the iron blocks at the top of the model to realize constant pre-stress loading, and loading for a period longer than 24 hours, and simultaneously connecting each monitoring instrument to a data acquisition instrument to start working;
step ten: after creep deformation of the surrounding rock body reaches a time length of more than 24 hours, firstly carrying out quantitative analysis on a given funnel to obtain constant rate of blanking of the selected funnel, obtaining simulation of different filling rates of an underground stope through similar criteria of geometric similarity, then simulating delay time difference and filling rate of filling slurry based on the funnel through the steel pipe, and simultaneously monitoring and recording data change of each data acquisition instrument;
step eleven: and (3) arranging monitoring data, analyzing the aging deformation rule of the surrounding rock body and the interaction of the aging deformation rule and the curing process of the tailing cemented filling body, and analyzing the influence of the curing process of the tailing cemented filling body on the aging deformation of the surrounding rock body.
Preferably, the specific implementation steps of the first step are as follows:
in model geometry design, maintaining geometric similarity of prototype to model is an essential condition for model testing, i.eWherein o represents a prototype and m represents a model;
after considering the site condition and the workload, the geometric similarity ratio is determined to be C L X, i.e. goaf, pillar model length and height are reduced by x times in prototype size;
the similar physical quantity of the material can be considered as uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus and density of the material, wherein the density is similar to the conventional density ratio of 1.7;
according toAnd C σ ＝C E ＝C L C ρ The uniaxial compressive strength and the elastic modulus of the material are similar.
Preferably, the preparation materials and treatments of the cylindrical sample in the second step are as follows:
according to previous research experience, the source of similar materials is that gypsum and calcium carbonate are prepared to be selected as cementing materials, and river sand and barite are selected as aggregates; wherein the gypsum is high-strength gypsum powder, the calcium carbonate is heavy calcium carbonate, the river sand is fine river sand with the grading particle size smaller than 1mm, and the particle size of the barite is 0.5-1 mm; weighing heavy calcium carbonate, water, gypsum, sand and barite required by manufacturing a model test body according to the mixture ratio of similar materials; in order to maximize the homogeneity of similar materials, various dry materials are put into a stirrer to be stirred, and after various materials are uniformly stirred, a proper amount of water is added for multiple times to continue stirring until the materials reach the homogeneity requirement.
Preferably, the fine sand particles in step three are determined by a laser particle size scanner.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the experimental equipment provided by the invention has the advantages of simplicity in operation and low manufacturing cost, and can be used for testing the interaction process of the hardening process of the filling paste and the aging deformation of the surrounding rock body in various schemes. Such as a single goaf filler interaction test with surrounding rock, upper and lower goaf filler interaction tests with surrounding rock, a two-step mining filler interaction test with surrounding rock, etc.
2. The invention can realize the synchronous monitoring and analysis of the creep deformation whole-field internal deformation and the surface deformation of the surrounding rock body under the action of all levels of prestressing after the excavation of the simulated filling stope.
3. The invention can realize the synchronous monitoring and analysis of the whole-field internal deformation and the surface deformation of the surrounding rock body under the influence of the hardening process of the filling body under the effect of the prestress of each level after the excavation and filling of the simulated filling stope.
4. The invention can realize the influence analysis of the influence of the creep deformation of the surrounding rock body on the hardening process of the filling body, and realize the monitoring analysis of the ultrasonic characteristics, the temperature change and the internal strain change of the inside of the filling body under the influence of the creep deformation of the surrounding rock body.
5. The invention can realize the analysis of the heat exchange process between the internal temperature field and the surrounding rock body temperature field after the simulated analysis filling body is filled into the stope.
6. The invention can realize the type and the filling scheme of the filling body which can best control the deformation of the surrounding rock according to the accurate configuration of the deformation condition of the surrounding rock.
7. According to the invention, not only can the interaction process test of the aging deformation of the surrounding rock body and the hardening process of the filling body under different burial depths be conveniently realized, but also the filling process and the filling scheme of the filling body in the stope can be fully considered, and in addition, multiple monitoring means are combined, the multi-source information response of the interaction process of the filling body and the surrounding rock body can be comprehensively obtained, so that the interaction mechanism of the surrounding rock body after the filling body is filled in the stope can be further helped to be deeply understood, the accurate configuration of the filling body type according to the condition of the surrounding rock body is further obtained, the reasonable filling method is designated according to the condition of the surrounding rock, the filling body type is distributed according to the requirement, the accuracy of the filling body is further realized, the personalized filling of the stope is realized, the filling efficiency of a mine can be greatly improved, and the filling cost is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a device for interacting with the hardening process of a filling body during the period of surrounding rock;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an internal arrangement of a surrounding rock time-varying and filler hardening process interaction device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a device for interacting with the hardening process of the filling body during the time-varying process of surrounding rock.
In the figure: 1-channel steel; 2-steel brackets and pouring boxes; 3-a high strength transparent material sheet; 4-goaf plastic foam filling body; 5-surrounding rock mass; 6-ore pillar; 7-a distributed optical fiber sensing line; 8-funnel; 9-an ultrasonic sensor; 10-temperature and strain fiber optic sensor; 11-a pressure-bearing and waterproof stress box; 12-steel pipe; 13-iron blocks; 14-a computer; 15-a fiber grating demodulator; 16-a stress box data acquisition instrument; 17-an ultrasonic wave shape acquisition instrument; 18-connecting lines; 19-a convergence deformer; and 20-limiting mounting of the cis-slot.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the invention provides a technical scheme: the utility model provides a surrounding rock time-varying and filling body hardening process interaction device, includes channel-section steel 1, steel support and pours box 2, high strength transparent material board 3, goaf plastic foam filling body 4, surrounding rock body 5, pillar 6, distributed optical fiber sensing line 7, funnel 8, ultrasonic sensor 9, temperature and strain optical fiber sensor 10, but pressure-bearing and waterproof stress box 11, steel pipe 12, iron piece 13, computer 14, fiber grating demodulator 15, stress box data acquisition instrument 16, ultrasonic wave waveform acquisition instrument 17, connecting wire 18, convergence deformation meter 19, spacing installation crossheading 20, bear the weight of steel support and pour box 2 on channel-section steel 1, steel support and pour box 2 are interior to have pour surrounding rock body 5, install high strength transparent material board 3 on steel support and the one side of pouring box 2, inside laminating high strength transparent material board 3 department of surrounding rock body 5 is provided with two goaf plastic foam filling bodies 4, steel support and pouring box 2 are located the top of rock body 5 and are provided with iron piece 13, but pressure-bearing and strain-bearing box 4 are provided with the top of goaf plastic foam piece 13 on steel support and pouring box 2, but top of pressure-bearing and strain-bearing box 4 are provided with pressure-bearing and fill box 4, but top surface expansion of pressure-bearing device 4 is provided with top of pressure-bearing foam body 13.
In this embodiment, a distributed optical fiber sensing wire 7 is disposed in the surrounding rock body 5.
In this embodiment, a convergence deformation gauge 19 is disposed on the inner side of the steel bracket and the pouring box 2.
In this embodiment, the goaf plastic foam filling body 4 in the surrounding rock body 5 is removed and then poured into the pillar 6.
In this embodiment, the temperature and strain optical fiber sensor 10 is connected with an optical fiber grating demodulator 15 through a connecting wire 18, the pressure-bearing and waterproof stress box 11 is connected with a stress box data acquisition instrument 16 through the connecting wire 18, the ultrasonic sensor 9 is connected with an ultrasonic wave waveform acquisition instrument 17 through the connecting wire 18, and the optical fiber grating demodulator 15, the stress box data acquisition instrument 16 and the ultrasonic wave waveform acquisition instrument 17 are respectively connected with a computer 14.
In this embodiment, the steel support and the support of the pouring box 2 are provided with a limit mounting guide groove 20 for conveniently disassembling or assembling the side guard plate.
The monitoring and analyzing method for the interaction between the aging deformation of the surrounding rock body and the hardening process of the filling body specifically comprises the following steps:
step one: determining the relative sizes of a filling stope and a pillar in a physical model according to the size of a specific mine goaf to be researched and the size of a goaf plastic foam filling body 4 according to the principle of dimension analysis in a similarity rule;
step two: preparing a 50 x 100mm cylinder sample, carrying out uniaxial loading and uniaxial tensile test, and determining the uniaxial tensile strength and the compressive strength of the rock mass to be simulated;
step three: determining the solid concentration of the required filler material, wherein the content of the cementing agent is more than 15% of fine tailings particles below 20 mu m; according to the formula: calculating the consumption of the tailings, the cementing agent and the water; preparing a filling paste material, pouring the tailings and the cementing agent into a stirrer, adding required water after fully mixing, stirring for 10-15min by the stirrer, and fully and uniformly mixing;
step four: according to the intensity of the surrounding rock similar material determined in the second step, four stress gradients of 50%, 70%, 80% and 90% of the intensity of the surrounding rock similar material are selected as surrounding rock under different prestress conditions; the prestressing is applied by placing a constant weight iron block 13 on top of the mould; the deformation time range of the surrounding rock body under the action of prestress needs to be selected to ensure that the macroscopic strength of the surrounding rock body is larger than that of the tailing cementing filling body, and the maintenance age corresponding to near-stability is 27-29 days;
step five: sequentially assembling a plurality of channel steels 1, steel brackets and a pouring box body 2 into a molding structure, lying horizontally to form a square closed square groove, and facing upwards one side where a high-strength organic glass plate is to be installed;
step six: according to the designed goaf and mine pillar sizes, placing a plastic foam block customized in advance according to the goaf size at the center of the model to form a goaf plastic foam filling body 4;
step seven: pouring the prepared surrounding rock mass similar material into a mould, arranging and placing the pressure-bearing waterproof stress boxes 11 in sequence when the height of the pouring liquid level reaches half of the thickness of the model, and manually penetrating out a lead from the bottom of the model at the moment so as to be connected with a stress box data acquisition instrument 16; connecting a pipeline filled with a constant-speed creep pump into the goaf roof, and then continuing to fill slurry so that the slurry fills the whole model;
step eight: wrapping the poured model with a plastic film, curing, standing the model by using a crane after curing for 28 days, then digging out a plastic foam block of the goaf plastic foam filling body 4, arranging a convergence deformation meter 19, an ultrasonic sensor 9 and a temperature and strain optical fiber sensor 10 in the goaf, and leading out a lead; spraying speckle on the front surface of the model, erecting a DIC full-field strain measurement device to be connected with a fiber bragg grating demodulator 15, and then installing a high-strength organic glass plate;
step nine: calculating the number of pre-prepared iron blocks 13 according to the pre-stress gradient, placing the iron blocks 13 at the top of the model to realize constant pre-stress loading, and loading for a period longer than 24 hours, and simultaneously connecting each monitoring instrument to a data acquisition instrument to start working;
step ten: after the creep deformation of the surrounding rock body reaches a time length greater than 24 hours, firstly carrying out quantitative analysis on a given funnel to obtain a constant rate of blanking of the selected funnel, obtaining simulation of different filling rates of an underground stope through similar criteria of geometric similarity, then simulating delay time difference and filling rate of filling slurry based on the funnel 8 through the steel pipe 12, and simultaneously monitoring and recording data change of each data acquisition instrument;
step eleven: and (3) arranging monitoring data, analyzing the aging deformation rule of the surrounding rock body and the interaction of the aging deformation rule and the curing process of the tailing cemented filling body, and analyzing the influence of the curing process of the tailing cemented filling body on the aging deformation of the surrounding rock body.
In this embodiment, the specific implementation steps of the first step are as follows:
in model geometry design, maintaining geometric similarity of prototype to model is an essential condition for model testing, i.eWherein o represents a prototype and m represents a model;
after considering the site condition and the workload, the geometric similarity ratio is determined to be C L X, i.e. goaf, pillar model length and height are reduced by x times in prototype size;
the similar physical quantity of the material can be considered as uniaxial compressive strength, elastic modulus and density of the material, wherein the density is similar to the conventional density ratio of 1.7;
according toAnd C σ ＝C E ＝C L C ρ The uniaxial compressive strength and the elastic modulus of the material are similar.
In this embodiment, the preparation materials and treatments of the cylindrical sample in the second step are as follows:
according to previous research experience, the source of similar materials is that gypsum and calcium carbonate are prepared to be selected as cementing materials, and river sand and barite are selected as aggregates; wherein the gypsum is high-strength gypsum powder, the calcium carbonate is heavy calcium carbonate, the river sand is fine river sand with the grading particle size smaller than 1mm, and the particle size of the barite is 0.5-1 mm; weighing heavy calcium carbonate, water, gypsum, sand and barite required by manufacturing a model test body according to the mixture ratio of similar materials; in order to maximize the homogeneity of similar materials, various dry materials are put into a stirrer to be stirred, and after various materials are uniformly stirred, a proper amount of water is added for multiple times to continue stirring until the materials reach the homogeneity requirement.
In this embodiment, the fine sand particles in the third step are determined by a laser particle size scanner.
Working principle: the experimental equipment provided by the invention has the advantages of simplicity in operation and low manufacturing cost, and can be used for testing the interaction process of the hardening process of the filling paste and the aging deformation of the surrounding rock body in various schemes. Such as a single goaf filler interaction test with surrounding rock, upper and lower goaf filler interaction tests with surrounding rock, a two-step mining filler interaction test with surrounding rock, etc. The invention can realize the synchronous monitoring and analysis of the creep deformation whole-field internal deformation and the surface deformation of the surrounding rock body under the action of all levels of prestressing after the excavation of the simulated filling stope. The invention can realize the synchronous monitoring and analysis of the whole-field internal deformation and the surface deformation of the surrounding rock body under the influence of the hardening process of the filling body under the effect of the prestress of each level after the excavation and filling of the simulated filling stope. The invention can realize the influence analysis of the influence of the creep deformation of the surrounding rock body on the hardening process of the filling body, and realize the monitoring analysis of the ultrasonic characteristics, the temperature change and the internal strain change of the inside of the filling body under the influence of the creep deformation of the surrounding rock body. The invention can realize the analysis of the heat exchange process between the internal temperature field and the surrounding rock body temperature field after the simulated analysis filling body is filled into the stope. The invention can realize the type and the filling scheme of the filling body which can best control the deformation of the surrounding rock according to the accurate configuration of the deformation condition of the surrounding rock. According to the invention, not only can the interaction process test of the aging deformation of the surrounding rock body and the hardening process of the filling body under different burial depths be conveniently realized, but also the filling process and the filling scheme of the filling body in the stope can be fully considered, and in addition, multiple monitoring means are combined, the multi-source information response of the interaction process of the filling body and the surrounding rock body can be comprehensively obtained, so that the interaction mechanism of the surrounding rock body after the filling body is filled in the stope can be further helped to be deeply understood, the accurate configuration of the filling body type according to the condition of the surrounding rock body is further obtained, the reasonable filling method is designated according to the condition of the surrounding rock, the filling body type is distributed according to the requirement, the accuracy of the filling body is further realized, the personalized filling of the stope is realized, the filling efficiency of a mine can be greatly improved, and the filling cost is saved.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. A method for monitoring interaction between surrounding rock time-varying and filler hardening process is characterized by comprising the following steps: the monitoring device comprises a channel steel (1), a steel bracket and a pouring box body (2), a high-strength transparent material plate (3), a goaf plastic foam filling body (4), a surrounding rock body (5), a pillar (6), a distributed optical fiber sensing line (7), a funnel (8), an ultrasonic sensor (9), a temperature and strain optical fiber sensor (10), a pressure-bearing and waterproof stress box (11), a steel pipe (12), an iron block (13), a computer (14), an optical fiber grating demodulator (15), a stress box data acquisition instrument (16), an ultrasonic wave form acquisition instrument (17), a connecting wire (18), a convergence deformation meter (19) and a limit mounting cis trough (20), wherein the steel bracket and the pouring box body (2) are borne on the channel steel (1), the surrounding rock body (5) is poured in the steel bracket and the pouring box body (2), a high-strength transparent material plate (3) is arranged on one side surface of the steel bracket and the pouring box body (2), the high-strength transparent material plate (5) is attached to the surrounding rock body (3) and the surrounding rock body (4) and the goaf plastic foam filling body (4) is arranged in the goaf plastic filling box body (13), the upper part of the goaf plastic foam filling body (4) is provided with a steel pipe (12), the upper end of the steel pipe (12) extends to the position above the iron block (13) and is provided with a funnel (8), the surrounding rock body (5) is internally provided with pressure-bearing and waterproof stress boxes (11) which are arranged in a matrix manner, the inner bottom surface of the goaf plastic foam filling body (4) is provided with a temperature sensor and a strain optical fiber sensor (10), and the bottom side surface of the goaf plastic foam filling body (4) is provided with an ultrasonic sensor (9);
the monitoring and analyzing method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one: determining the relative sizes of a filling stope and a pillar in a physical model according to the size of a specific mine goaf to be researched and the size of a goaf plastic foam filling body (4) according to the dimension analysis principle in a similarity rule;
step two: preparing a 50 x 100mm cylinder sample, carrying out uniaxial loading and uniaxial tensile test, and determining the uniaxial tensile strength and the compressive strength of the rock mass to be simulated;
step three: determining the solid concentration of the required filler material, wherein the content of the cementing agent is more than 15% of fine tailings particles below 20 mu m; according to the formula: calculating the consumption of the tailings, the cementing agent and the water; preparing a filling paste material, pouring the tailings and the cementing agent into a stirrer, adding required water after fully mixing, stirring for 10-15min by the stirrer, and fully and uniformly mixing;
step four: according to the intensity of the surrounding rock similar material determined in the second step, four stress gradients of 50%, 70%, 80% and 90% of the intensity of the surrounding rock similar material are selected as surrounding rock under different prestress conditions; the prestressing is applied by placing a constant weight iron block (13) on top of the mould; the deformation time range of the surrounding rock body under the action of prestress needs to be selected to ensure that the macroscopic strength of the surrounding rock body is larger than that of the tailing cementing filling body, and the maintenance age corresponding to near-stability is 27-29 days;
step five: sequentially assembling a plurality of channel steels (1), a steel support and a pouring box body (2) into a forming structure, lying horizontally to form a square closed square groove, and facing upwards one side where a high-strength organic glass plate is to be installed;
step six: according to the designed size of the goaf and the mine pillar, placing a plastic foam block customized in advance according to the size of the goaf at the center of the model to form a goaf plastic foam filling body (4);
step seven: pouring the prepared surrounding rock mass similar material in a mould, arranging and placing pressure-bearing and waterproof stress boxes (11) in sequence when the height of the pouring liquid level reaches half of the thickness of the mould, and manually penetrating out a lead from the bottom of the mould at the moment so as to be connected with a stress box data acquisition instrument (16); connecting a pipeline filled with a constant-speed creep pump into the goaf roof, and then continuing to fill slurry so that the slurry fills the whole model;
step eight: wrapping the poured model with a plastic film, curing, standing the model by using a crane after curing for 28 days, then digging out a plastic foam block of a goaf plastic foam filling body (4), arranging a convergence deformation meter (19), an ultrasonic sensor (9) and a temperature and strain optical fiber sensor (10) in the goaf, and leading out a lead; spraying speckle on the front surface of the model, erecting a DIC full-field strain measurement device to be connected with a fiber bragg grating demodulator (15), and then installing a high-strength organic glass plate;
step nine: calculating the number of pre-prepared iron blocks (13) according to the pre-stress gradient, placing the iron blocks (13) at the top of the model to realize constant pre-stress loading and loading time longer than 24 hours, and simultaneously connecting each monitoring instrument to a data acquisition instrument to start working;
step ten: after creep deformation of a surrounding rock body reaches a time length of more than 24 hours, firstly carrying out quantitative analysis on a given funnel to obtain constant rate of blanking of the selected funnel, obtaining simulation of different filling rates of an underground stope through similar criteria of geometric similarity, then simulating delay time difference and filling rate of filling slurry based on a funnel (8) through the steel pipe (12), and simultaneously monitoring and recording data change of each data acquisition instrument;
step eleven: and (3) arranging monitoring data, analyzing the aging deformation rule of the surrounding rock body and the interaction of the aging deformation rule and the curing process of the tailing cemented filling body, and analyzing the influence of the curing process of the tailing cemented filling body on the aging deformation of the surrounding rock body.
2. A method of monitoring the interaction between a time-varying surrounding rock and the hardening process of a filling body as claimed in claim 1, wherein: distributed optical fiber sensing wires (7) are arranged in the surrounding rock body (5).
3. A method of monitoring the interaction between a time-varying surrounding rock and the hardening process of a filling body as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a convergence deformation meter (19) is arranged on the inner side surfaces of the steel bracket and the pouring box body (2).
4. A method of monitoring the interaction between a time-varying surrounding rock and the hardening process of a filling body as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and pouring the goaf plastic foam filling body (4) in the surrounding rock body (5) into a pillar (6) after removing.
5. A method of monitoring the interaction between a time-varying surrounding rock and the hardening process of a filling body as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the temperature and strain optical fiber sensor (10) is connected with an optical fiber grating demodulator (15) through a connecting wire (18), the pressure-bearing and waterproof stress box (11) is connected with a stress box data acquisition instrument (16) through the connecting wire (18), the ultrasonic sensor (9) is connected with an ultrasonic wave waveform acquisition instrument (17) through the connecting wire (18), and the optical fiber grating demodulator (15), the stress box data acquisition instrument (16) and the ultrasonic wave waveform acquisition instrument (17) are respectively connected with a computer (14).
6. A method of monitoring the interaction between a time-varying surrounding rock and the hardening process of a filling body as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and a limiting mounting cis groove (20) for conveniently disassembling or assembling the side guard plate is arranged on the steel support and the support of the pouring box body (2).
7. A method of monitoring the interaction between a time-varying surrounding rock and the hardening process of a filling body as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific implementation steps of the first step are as follows:
in model geometry design, maintaining geometric similarity of prototype to model is an essential condition for model testing, i.eWherein o represents a prototype and m represents a model;
after considering the site condition and the workload, the geometric similarity ratio is determined to be C L X, i.e. goaf, pillar model length and height are reduced by x times in prototype size;
the similar physical quantity of the material considers the uniaxial compressive strength, the elastic modulus and the density of the material, wherein the density similarity ratio takes the conventional density ratio of 1.7;
according toAnd C σ ＝C E ＝C L C ρ The uniaxial compressive strength and the elastic modulus of the material are similar.
8. A method of monitoring the interaction between a time-varying surrounding rock and the hardening process of a filling body as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the preparation materials and the treatment of the cylindrical sample are as follows:
the source of the similar materials is that gypsum and calcium carbonate are prepared to be selected as cementing materials, and river sand and barite are used as aggregates; wherein the gypsum is high-strength gypsum powder, the calcium carbonate is heavy calcium carbonate, the river sand is fine river sand with the grading particle size smaller than 1mm, and the particle size of the barite is 0.5-1 mm; weighing heavy calcium carbonate, water, gypsum, sand and barite required by manufacturing a model test body according to the mixture ratio of similar materials; in order to maximize the homogeneity of similar materials, various dry materials are put into a stirrer to be stirred, and after various materials are uniformly stirred, a proper amount of water is added for multiple times to continue stirring until the materials reach the homogeneity requirement.
9. A method of monitoring the interaction between a time-varying surrounding rock and the hardening process of a filling body as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and step three, determining the fine sand particles through a laser granularity scanner.
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