CN111498802A - Hydrogen production device, self-circulation hydrogen generation system and working method thereof - Google Patents
Hydrogen production device, self-circulation hydrogen generation system and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111498802A CN111498802A CN202010421647.7A CN202010421647A CN111498802A CN 111498802 A CN111498802 A CN 111498802A CN 202010421647 A CN202010421647 A CN 202010421647A CN 111498802 A CN111498802 A CN 111498802A
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
- C01B3/08—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents with metals
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/065—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen production device, a self-circulation hydrogen generation system and a working method thereof. The invention utilizes the aluminum water reaction to produce hydrogen on site, has high integration level, small volume, easy maintenance and low cost, and is suitable for the fields of field operation, emergency rescue, military operation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production, and particularly relates to a hydrogen production device, a self-circulation hydrogen generation system and a working method thereof.
Background
Hydrogen is the element No. one in the periodic table of elements and is the smallest and lightest element among known elements, and simultaneously hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, and the hydrogen content in the constituent elements of the universe substance exceeds 90 percent. The hydrogen and the oxygen are combusted to generate water, the resultant is pollution-free, and huge energy is released in the reaction process, and the energy is hydrogen energy. Hydrogen energy is regarded as the most promising clean energy source in the 21 st century, and research and application of hydrogen energy technology in countries around the world are actively being carried out. In view of the rapid development of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell technology, some of the fuel cell vehicles, such as Mirai by Toyota and Clarity by Honda, have been successfully commercialized. However, these products have the same problem of storing hydrogen in heavy high-pressure bottles and then supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell. The hydrogen supply mode increases the dead weight of the automobile, reduces the endurance mileage of the fuel cell automobile, and has the defects of large volume, high manufacturing cost and low energy utilization rate. In view of the fact that the aluminum alloy hydrolysis hydrogen production technology utilizes chemical reaction to generate hydrogen, the fuel cell is a good tool for converting hydrogen energy into electric energy. Therefore, the aluminum alloy hydrolysis hydrogen production system can be used for producing hydrogen in real time and supplying hydrogen for the fuel cell in real time, and the links of high-pressure bottle hydrogen storage in the hydrogen using process are reduced.
When the fuel cell works at normal temperature, H + at the inner cathode side reacts with introduced O2 to generate water, and the water is exchanged and discharged from the catalytic layer to the diffusion layer and then to the cathode flow channel through convection in a gas state or a liquid state. When the external temperature is below 0 ℃, if the heat generated by the chemical reaction at the start of the fuel cell is insufficient to support the discharge of water in a gaseous or liquid state, ice may form to block the passage of the reaction gas, freeze the membrane electrode, cause the termination of the electrochemical reaction, and possibly cause irreversible damage to the membrane electrode. The low-temperature cold start is one of the main factors influencing the commercialization of the fuel cell, and the insufficient reaction heat of the start is the main reason for the external low-temperature freezing of the membrane electrode.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a hydrogen production device, which utilizes an aluminum water reaction to produce hydrogen on site, has high integration level, small volume, easy maintenance and low cost, and is suitable for the fields of field operation, emergency rescue, military operation and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a hydrogen production device, includes the reactor, and the reactor is equipped with water inlet and gas vent, its characterized in that, be equipped with the heat exchanger in the reactor, be equipped with the heat exchange tube in the heat exchanger, the one end of heat exchange tube with the gas vent intercommunication, the other end of heat exchange tube are connected with gaseous buffer memory room, the delivery water of heat exchanger is used for carrying to the water inlet and provides the reaction water for the reactor.
As a preferable mode, the reactor also comprises a water storage tank, and the water storage tank is communicated with a water inlet of the reactor; the heat exchanger is provided with a water outlet and a water inlet, and the water outlet and the water inlet are both communicated with the water storage tank; an injection pipe communicated with the water inlet is arranged in the reactor, and an injection hole is formed in the injection pipe; and a waterproof breathable film is arranged between the heat exchange tube and the gas cache chamber, and the heat exchange tube is connected with a first water collecting chamber.
Preferably, an S-shaped cooling water channel is arranged in the heat exchanger, and the heat exchange tube is arranged in the cooling water channel; the reactor comprises a main body and a cover plate connected with the main body, wherein the cover plate is provided with a plug-in type line concentration socket.
The invention also aims to provide a self-circulation hydrogen generation system, which comprises a hydrogen combustion device and a reactor, wherein the reactor is provided with a water inlet and an exhaust port, a heat exchanger is arranged in the reactor, a heat exchange tube is arranged in the heat exchanger, one end of the heat exchange tube is communicated with the exhaust port, the other end of the heat exchange tube is connected with a gas cache chamber, and the gas cache chamber is communicated with the hydrogen combustion device; the hydrogen combustion device is characterized by further comprising a water storage tank, the water storage tank is communicated with a water inlet of the reactor, the heat exchanger is provided with a water outlet and a water inlet, the water outlet and the water inlet are respectively communicated with the water storage tank through a first driving pump and a second driving pump, and water generated by the hydrogen combustion device is used for being conveyed to the water storage tank.
Preferably, the hydrogen combustion device comprises a fuel cell, the fuel cell is provided with a shutdown purging device, the shutdown purging device comprises a third driving pump and a gas-water separator, an inlet end of the gas-water separator is communicated with a cathode evacuation port of the fuel cell, an inlet end of the third driving pump is communicated with a gas outlet end of the gas-water separator, and an outlet end of the third driving pump is respectively communicated with an anode inlet and a cathode inlet of the fuel cell.
As a preferred mode, the gas-water separator comprises a shell, a gas-water separation pipe is arranged in the shell, the inlet of the gas-water separation pipe is communicated with the inlet end of the gas-water separator, the gas outlet of the gas-water separation pipe is communicated with the gas outlet end of the gas-water separator, and the liquid outlet of the gas-water separation pipe is connected with a second water collecting chamber; and a cooling air passage is arranged between the shell and the gas-water separation pipe, one end of the cooling air passage is communicated with the outside air, and the other end of the cooling air passage is communicated with a cathode inlet of the fuel cell.
Preferably, the first driving pump is provided with a first driving pump inlet, a second driving pump inlet, a third driving pump inlet and a first driving pump outlet, the first driving pump inlet is communicated with an external water source, the second driving pump inlet is communicated with a water outlet of the heat exchanger, the third driving pump inlet is communicated with the second water collecting chamber, and the first driving pump outlet is communicated with the water storage tank; a waterproof and breathable film is arranged between the heat exchange tube and the gas cache chamber, and the heat exchange tube is connected with a first water collecting chamber; the gas-water separation pipe is a spiral pipe, the cooling air passage is S-shaped, and the second water collecting chamber is communicated with the first water collecting chamber.
Preferably, a first control valve is arranged between the heat exchange tube and the exhaust port, the first control valve is provided with a first valve inlet, a first valve outlet and a second valve outlet, the first valve inlet is communicated with the exhaust port, the first valve outlet is communicated with the heat exchange tube, and the second valve outlet is communicated with the inlet end of the gas-water separator and the anode inlet of the fuel cell; the fuel cell is connected with an electricity storage device, the electricity storage device comprises a storage battery, and a positive and negative electrode opposite adjusting circuit is arranged between the storage battery and the fuel cell.
Preferably, the hydrogen storage system further comprises a control unit, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor, a liquid level meter and a second control valve, wherein the control unit is respectively connected with the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor, the liquid level meter and the second control valve, the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are respectively used for detecting the internal pressure of the reactor and the gas buffer chamber, the liquid level meter is used for detecting the liquid level height of the water storage tank, and the second control valve is used for controlling the hydrogen gas entering from the anode inlet of the fuel cell.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for operating a self-circulation hydrogen generation system, comprising the steps of:
detecting whether the temperature of a fuel cell stack is lower than a normal working temperature, and if so, starting a self-circulation hydrogen generation system in a low-temperature mode; if not, starting the self-circulation hydrogen generation system in a normal mode;
detecting whether the temperature of a fuel cell stack is lower than a normal working temperature, if so, assisting the fuel cell to start and supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell in a low-temperature mode; if not, starting in a normal mode and supplying hydrogen for the fuel cell;
the normal mode starting and supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell includes:
conveying water in the water storage tank to a reactor to react with an aluminum raw material to generate high-temperature high-humidity hydrogen, conveying the high-temperature high-humidity hydrogen to a heat exchange tube through an exhaust port to be cooled and dehumidified to obtain low-temperature dry hydrogen, storing the low-temperature dry hydrogen in a gas buffer chamber, and conveying the low-temperature dry hydrogen in the gas buffer chamber to a fuel cell to start the fuel cell; water generated by the fuel cell is conveyed to a second water collecting chamber under the action of a gas-water separator, and the water in the second water collecting chamber is recycled through a water storage tank and then enters a reactor to participate in hydrogen production reaction;
the low temperature mode assisting the fuel cell in starting and supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell includes:
conveying water in the water storage tank to a reactor to react with an aluminum raw material to generate high-temperature high-humidity hydrogen, opening a first control valve to enable a first valve inlet to be communicated with a second valve outlet, and conveying the high-temperature high-humidity hydrogen to a gas-water separator through an exhaust port; the high-temperature high-humidity hydrogen exchanges heat with cold air in the cooling air passage in the gas-water separation pipe, hot hydrogen output by the gas-water separator is input from an anode inlet of the fuel cell under the suction of a third driving pump, and hot air output by the cooling air passage is input from a cathode inlet of the fuel cell to heat the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell simultaneously, so that the temperature of a galvanic pile of the fuel cell is increased; the storage battery loads reverse direct current to the two ends of the fuel cell through the positive and negative electrode exchange circuit, the current density of the reverse direct current is smaller than the rated current density of the fuel cell, hydrogen and air react to release heat, the temperature of a galvanic pile of the fuel cell is rapidly raised, and the fuel cell can be started when the operating temperature of the normal start of the fuel cell is reached; the water generated by the fuel cell is conveyed to the second water collecting chamber under the action of the gas-water separator, and the water in the second water collecting chamber is recycled through the water storage tank and then enters the reactor to participate in the hydrogen production reaction.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a hydrogen production device, wherein a heat exchanger is arranged in a reactor, a heat exchange tube is arranged in the heat exchanger, one end of the heat exchange tube is communicated with an exhaust port, the other end of the heat exchange tube is connected with a gas cache chamber, the output water of the heat exchanger is used for being conveyed to a water inlet to provide reaction water for the reactor, the heat exchanger is arranged in the reactor and can directly absorb the heat in the reactor due to the hydrogen production reaction, so that the heat exchanger outputs hot water and provides the reaction water for the reactor, the hydrogen production reaction is favorably carried out, and the energy consumption for heating the reaction water is reduced. The invention utilizes the aluminum water reaction to produce hydrogen on site, has high integration level, small volume, easy maintenance and low cost, and is suitable for the fields of field operation, emergency rescue, military operation and the like.
2. The invention provides a self-circulation hydrogen generating system and a working method thereof, wherein hydrogen is generated by a reactor, and product water generated after power generation of a fuel cell can be recycled and then participate in hydrogen production reaction again, so that the raw material water demand of the hydrogen production technology is reduced, the volume and the weight of the self-circulation hydrogen generating system are reduced, and the portability and the practicability of the self-circulation hydrogen generating system are greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a state diagram of a self-circulating hydrogen generation system according to the present invention in a normal mode for starting the self-circulating hydrogen generation system;
FIG. 2 is a state diagram of a self-circulating hydrogen generation system in accordance with the present invention in a low temperature mode to assist in starting a fuel cell;
in the figure: 1-a reactor; 2-a water inlet; 3-an exhaust port; 4-a heat exchanger; 5, heat exchange tubes; 6-gas buffer room; 7-a water storage tank; 8-water outlet; 9-water inlet; 10-a jet pipe; 11-waterproof breathable film; 12-a first water collection chamber; 13-cooling water channels; 18-a first drive pump; 19-a second drive pump; 20-a third drive pump; 21-a gas-water separator; 22-a second water collection chamber; 23-a first control valve; 24-a storage battery; 25-positive and negative pole opposite adjusting circuit; 26-a control unit; 27-a first pressure sensor; 28-a second pressure sensor; 29-a level gauge; 30-a second control valve; 31-a third control valve; 32-a fourth control valve; 33-a fifth control valve; 34-a sixth control valve; 35-a seventh control valve; 36-an eighth control valve; 37-a ninth control valve; 38-tenth control valve; 39-eleventh control valve; 40-a twelfth control valve; 41-a thirteenth control valve; 42-a cooling air channel; 43-gas-water separation tube; 44-a first draft tube; 45-a second draft tube; 46-a first level switch; 47-second level switch.
Detailed Description
Example 1
This example provides a hydrogen plant that utilizes an aluminum water reaction to produce hydrogen on-site. The hydrogen production device comprises a reactor 1, wherein the reactor 1 is provided with a water inlet 2 and an exhaust port 3, a water source enters the reactor 1 through the water inlet 2 to react to generate hydrogen, the exhaust port 3 is arranged at the top of the reactor 1, and the hydrogen generated by the reactor 1 is discharged through the exhaust port 3.
Be equipped with heat exchanger 4 in the reactor 1, be equipped with heat exchange tube 5 in the heat exchanger 4, the one end of heat exchange tube 5 with gas vent 3 intercommunication, the other end of heat exchange tube 5 is connected with gaseous buffer memory room 6, and gaseous buffer memory room 6 can set up in reactor 1 outside or inside, and when it set up inside reactor 1, the outer wall of gaseous buffer memory room 6 sets up thermal barrier coating for the heat exchange between separation gaseous buffer memory room 6 and the reactor 1.
The output water of the heat exchanger 4 is used for being conveyed to the water inlet 2 to provide reaction water for the reactor 1, the heat exchanger 4 is arranged in the reactor 1 because the hydrogen production reaction is an exothermic reaction, and the heat exchanger 4 can directly absorb heat in the reactor 1, so that the heat exchanger 4 outputs hot water and provides reaction water for the reactor 1, the hydrogen production reaction is facilitated, and the energy consumption for heating the reaction water is reduced.
In the embodiment, the hydrogen production device further comprises a water storage tank 7, and the water storage tank 7 is communicated with the water inlet 2 of the reactor 1; the heat exchanger 4 is provided with a water outlet 8, the water outlet 8 is communicated with the water storage tank 7 through a first driving pump 18, and specifically, the first driving pump 18 is a water-gas dual-purpose pump. The hot water output by the heat exchanger 4 is temporarily stored in the water storage tank 7 and then is conveyed into the reactor 1 through the water inlet 2 of the reactor 1. The first driving pump 18 is provided with a first driving pump inlet, a second driving pump inlet, a third driving pump inlet, a fifth driving pump inlet and a first driving pump outlet, the first driving pump inlet is communicated with an external water source and used for providing water to the water storage tank 7, the external water source is provided with a water source pipe, and a filter screen and a twelfth control valve 40 are arranged on the water source pipe; and the second driving pump inlet is communicated with the water outlet 8 of the heat exchanger 4 and is used for conveying the hot water output by the heat exchanger 4 to the water storage tank 7. The driving pump inlet port five communicates with the exhaust port 3 of the reactor 1, and an eleventh control valve 39 is connected between the driving pump inlet port five and the exhaust port 3. The top of the water storage tank 7 is provided with an evacuation port, and the evacuation port is connected with an eighth control valve 36 for implementing evacuation processing of the water storage tank 7.
In particular, the heat exchanger 4 is provided with a water inlet 9, the water inlet 9 being in communication with the water storage tank 7 through a second drive pump 19, in particular the second drive pump 19 being a water pump. Second driving pump 19 is equipped with driving pump inlet four, driving pump outlet two and driving pump outlet three, driving pump inlet four is connected with the exit end of storage water tank 7, and is connected thirteenth control valve 41 between driving pump inlet four and the exit end of storage water tank 7, driving pump outlet two is connected with the water inlet 9 of heat exchanger 4, driving pump outlet three is connected with the water inlet 2 of reactor 1, and is connected ninth control valve 37 between driving pump outlet three and the water inlet 2 of reactor 1.
When the water is exhausted, the first driving pump 18 is started, the eleventh control valve 39 and the twelfth control valve 40 are opened, air in the water pipeline, the reactor 1 and the heat exchanger 4 enters the water storage tank 7 under the suction action of the first driving pump 18, the eighth control valve 36 is opened to enter an exhausting program, meanwhile, an external water source input from the pump inlet is driven to enter the water storage tank 7, and as the water level in the water storage tank 7 rises to a preset upper limit water level (namely, water is full), the air in the water storage tank 7 is exhausted through the eighth control valve 36 under the pressure of the water. Closing the eighth control valve 36 and the twelfth control valve 40, opening the thirteenth control valve 41, allowing water in the water storage tank 7 to enter the heat exchanger 4 through the water inlet 9, reducing the water level in the water storage tank 7 to a preset lower limit water level, opening the twelfth control valve 40 to continuously input water into the water storage tank 7 until the preset upper limit water level is reached again, closing the first driving pump 18 and closing the twelfth control valve 40, and completing the emptying and water adding of the hydrogen production device.
In the present embodiment, an injection pipe 10 communicating with the water inlet 2 is provided in the reactor 1, and a plurality of injection holes are provided in the injection pipe 10. The reaction water supplied from the water inlet 2 is uniformly sprayed on the aluminum raw material through the spraying holes of the spraying pipe 10, and reacts with the aluminum raw material in the reactor 1 to generate hydrogen. The reaction of water with the aluminum source is exothermic and the resulting hot hydrogen contains water vapor.
In this embodiment, a waterproof and breathable membrane 11 is arranged between the heat exchange tube 5 and the gas buffer chamber 6, and a first water collecting chamber 12 is connected to the bottom of the heat exchange tube 5. The waterproof breathable film 11 only allows gas to pass through, and moisture cannot pass through. The gas output by the gas outlet 3 contains water vapor, the gas is subjected to heat exchange and cooling in the heat exchange tube 5, liquid water formed after the water vapor is cooled is stored in the first water collecting chamber 12, and the cooled hydrogen gas passes through the waterproof breathable film 11 and then is stored in the gas cache chamber 6.
In the present embodiment, the heat exchanger 4 is provided with an S-shaped cooling water channel 13, the heat exchange tube 5 is spiral, and the heat exchange tube 5 is installed in the cooling water channel 13, which can greatly increase the cooling time of the gas, cool the water vapor into liquid water and store the liquid water in the first water collecting chamber 12. Preferably, the gas flow direction of the heat exchange tubes 5 is opposite to the liquid flow direction of the cooling water channels 13.
In this embodiment, the reactor 1 includes a main body and a cover plate connected to the main body, the main body is detachably connected to the cover plate, for example, by bolts or latches, a sealing rubber ring is provided between the main body and the cover plate, and the cover plate is provided with a plug-in line concentration socket. When the aluminum raw material for reaction needs to be replaced, the plug-in type line concentration socket is pulled out, the cover plate is detached, the reaction product (the components are alumina and catalyst) in the main body is cleaned out, the material is recharged, the cover plate is covered, and the plug-in type line concentration socket is plugged. The plug-in type line concentration power strip is provided with a quick gas-liquid pipe joint, and the quick gas-liquid pipe joint comprises a water inlet joint and a gas outlet joint.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the embodiment provides a self-circulation hydrogen generating system, which includes a hydrogen combustion device and a reactor 1, wherein the reactor 1 is provided with a water inlet 2 and an exhaust port 3, a heat exchanger 4 is arranged in the reactor 1, a heat exchange tube 5 is arranged in the heat exchanger 4, one end of the heat exchange tube 5 is communicated with the exhaust port 3, the other end of the heat exchange tube 5 is connected with a gas buffer chamber 6, the gas buffer chamber 6 is communicated with the hydrogen combustion device, and hydrogen in the gas buffer chamber 6 is used by the hydrogen combustion device; the hydrogen combustion device is characterized by further comprising a water storage tank 7, the water storage tank 7 is communicated with the water inlet 2 of the reactor 1, the heat exchanger 4 is provided with a water outlet 8 and a water inlet 9, the water outlet 8 and the water inlet 9 are respectively communicated with the water storage tank 7 through a first driving pump 18 and a second driving pump 19, and water generated by the hydrogen combustion device is used for being conveyed to the water storage tank 7, so that water recycling is realized. Specifically, the first drive pump 18 is a water-air pump, and the second drive pump 19 is a water pump.
In the present embodiment, a spray pipe 10 communicating with the water inlet 2 is provided in the reactor 1 of the self-circulation hydrogen generation system, and the spray pipe 10 is provided with a spray hole. An S-shaped cooling water channel 13 is arranged in the heat exchanger 4, the heat exchange tube 5 is spiral, the heat exchange tube 5 is arranged in the cooling water channel 13, and the gas flowing direction of the heat exchange tube 5 is opposite to the liquid flowing direction of the cooling water channel 13. The reactor 1 comprises a main body and a cover plate connected with the main body, wherein the cover plate is provided with a plug-in line concentration socket.
In this embodiment, the hydrogen combustion device includes a fuel cell, the fuel cell is provided with a shutdown purging device, the shutdown purging device includes a third driving pump 20 and a gas-water separator 21, an inlet end of the gas-water separator 21 is communicated with a cathode evacuation port of the fuel cell, an inlet end of the third driving pump 20 is communicated with a gas outlet end of the gas-water separator 21, and an outlet end of the third driving pump 20 is communicated with an anode inlet and a cathode inlet of the fuel cell respectively. Specifically, the third drive pump 20 is an air pump. A third control valve 31 is connected between the inlet end of the gas-water separator 21 and the cathode evacuation port of the fuel cell, and is used for controlling the gas-liquid output of the cathode evacuation port.
A second control valve 30 is connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell for controlling the input of hydrogen. A fourth control valve 32 is connected to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell for controlling the air input. The outlet end of the third driving pump 20 is connected with a fifth control valve 33, the fifth control valve 33 is a two-position four-way electromagnetic valve, the input end of the two-position four-way electromagnetic valve is connected with the outlet end of the third driving pump 20, one output end of the two-position four-way electromagnetic valve is an evacuation port, and the other two output ends are respectively connected with the fourth control valve 32 and the second control valve 30.
In this embodiment, the gas-water separator 21 includes a housing, a gas-water separation pipe 43 is disposed in the housing, and a waterproof and breathable film is disposed inside the gas-water separation pipe 43 for gas-water separation. The inlet of the gas-water separation pipe 43 is communicated with the inlet end of the gas-water separator 21, the gas outlet of the gas-water separation pipe 43 is communicated with the gas outlet end of the gas-water separator 21, and the liquid outlet of the gas-water separation pipe 43 is connected with the second water collecting chamber 22; a cooling air passage 42 is arranged between the shell and the gas-water separation pipe 43, one end of the cooling air passage 42 is communicated with the outside air, and the other end of the cooling air passage 42 is communicated with the cathode inlet of the fuel cell. The gas-water separation pipe 43 is a spiral pipe, the cooling air passage 42 is S-shaped, and the gas-water separation pipe 43 is installed on the cooling air passage 42. The air-water separation pipe 43 heats the cold air from the outside and delivers the air to the cathode inlet of the fuel cell, thereby heating the fuel cell stack.
In this embodiment, the first driving pump 18 is provided with a first driving pump inlet, a second driving pump inlet, a third driving pump inlet and a first driving pump outlet, the first driving pump inlet is communicated with an external water source and is used for providing water to the water storage tank 7, the external water source is provided with a water source pipe, and the water source pipe is provided with a filter screen and a twelfth control valve 40; and the second driving pump inlet is communicated with the water outlet 8 of the heat exchanger 4 and is used for conveying the hot water output by the heat exchanger 4 to the water storage tank 7. The third inlet of the driving pump is communicated with the second water collecting chamber 22, and the first outlet of the driving pump is communicated with the water storage tank 7. And a sixth control valve 34 is connected between the third driving pump inlet and the second water collecting chamber 22, after water is generated by reaction in the fuel cell, the water is discharged from the liquid outlet end through the separation action of the gas-water separator 21 and is conveyed into the water storage tank 7 by the first driving pump 18, so that the water is recycled. Wherein, a seventh control valve 35 is arranged between the third driving pump inlet and the sixth control valve 34, and the seventh control valve 35 is a one-way valve for preventing water from flowing backwards into the fuel cell.
In this embodiment, the second driving pump 19 is provided with a driving pump inlet four, a driving pump outlet two and a driving pump outlet three, the driving pump inlet four is connected with the outlet end of the water storage tank 7, the driving pump outlet two is connected with the water inlet 9 of the heat exchanger 4, and the driving pump outlet three is connected with the water inlet 2 of the reactor 1. Wherein, a ninth control valve 37 is arranged on a pipeline of the driving pump outlet III communicated with the water inlet 2 of the reactor 1 and is used for controlling the input water quantity of the reactor 1 in unit time so as to control the hydrogen production quantity of the reactor 1 in unit time.
In the present embodiment, a waterproof and breathable film 11 is arranged between the heat exchange tube 5 and the gas buffer chamber 6, the heat exchange tube 5 is provided with a first water collecting chamber 12, and the heat exchange tube 5 is connected with the first water collecting chamber 12 through a first flow guide tube 44; the gas-water separation pipe 43 is connected with the second water collecting chamber 22 through a second guide pipe 45, the second water collecting chamber 22 is communicated with the first water collecting chamber 12, and a tenth control valve 38 is connected between the second water collecting chamber 22 and the first water collecting chamber 12. Because the air pressure of the heat exchange pipe 5 is larger than the air pressure of the gas-water separation pipe 43 (the air pressure of the gas-water separation pipe 43 is close to vacuum), the water in the first water collecting chamber 12 enters the second water collecting chamber 22 under the action of the air pressure and then is uniformly converged into the water storage tank 7 under the action of the first driving pump 18, so that the circulating water is recycled.
In this embodiment, the first and second water collecting chambers 12 and 22 are provided with a first liquid level switch 46 and a second liquid level switch 47, respectively, and the first and second liquid level switches 46 and 47 control the opening and closing of the tenth and sixth control valves 38 and 34 according to the liquid level heights, respectively, to control the water storage and discharge of the first and second water collecting chambers 12 and 22.
When the fuel cell works, air and water discharged from a cathode vent of the fuel cell are separated by the air-water separator 21, and the separated water is collected in the second water collecting chamber 22. The sixth control valve 34 is opened for a fixed period of 1 to 60 seconds each, with the duration of evacuation being 0.5 to 3 seconds within the period. The water in the second water collecting chamber 22 is collected into the circulating water for recycling under the suction action of the first driving pump 18, and the separated air is sucked to the evacuation port of the fifth control valve 33 by the third driving pump 20 and is evacuated. The tenth control valve 38 is opened at a fixed period, and because the air pressure of the heat exchange pipe 5 is greater than the air pressure of the gas-water separation pipe 43 (the air pressure of the gas-water separation pipe 43 is close to vacuum), the water in the first water collecting chamber 12 enters the second water collecting chamber 22 under the action of the air pressure and then uniformly flows into the water storage tank 7 under the action of the first driving pump 18 to realize the recycling of the circulating water.
When the fuel cell is stopped, the water in the internal flow passage and the electrodes of the fuel cell needs to be purged and discharged, the second control valve 30 and the fourth control valve 32 are closed to stop inputting hydrogen and air to the anode inlet and the cathode inlet of the fuel cell, and the cathode tail gas discharged from the cathode vent of the fuel cell is separated into water by the gas-water separator 21 and is input into the cathode inlet of the fuel cell again for circular purging under the action of the third driving pump 20. The cathode tail gas is used for multiple times of circulating purging, residual water in the fuel cell stack can be discharged, the damage of the stack caused by icing due to the residual water in the stack under the low-temperature condition after the stack is stopped is avoided, and the cold start of the fuel cell is facilitated; meanwhile, oxygen in the cathode tail gas and hydrogen remained at the anode are gradually reacted in the process of multiple times of circulating purging, so that the corrosion caused by high open-circuit voltage due to oxygen enrichment of the fuel cell is avoided.
In this embodiment, the heat exchange tube 5 with be equipped with first control valve 23 between the gas vent 3, first control valve 23 is equipped with valve entry one, valve export one and valve export two, valve entry one with the gas vent 3 intercommunication, valve export one with the heat exchange tube 5 intercommunication, the two deareator 21's of valve export entry and fuel cell's positive pole entry intercommunication. The first control valve 23 is used to control the output of hydrogen, which can be cooled by the heat exchanger 4 and stored in the gas buffer zone, and then enter the anode inlet of the fuel cell through the second control valve 30 to realize the input of hydrogen. The hydrogen can also exchange heat with cold air through the gas-water separator 21 and separate water, and then the hydrogen is sucked into the anode inlet of the fuel cell by the third driving pump 20 to realize the input of the hydrogen.
In the present embodiment, the fuel cell is connected with an electricity storage device, the electricity storage device includes a battery 24, and an anode-cathode switching circuit 25 is provided between the battery 24 and the fuel cell. The positive and negative electrode exchange circuit 25 is configured to charge the battery 24 when the positive and negative electrodes of the battery 24 are connected to the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell, respectively, and to load reverse direct current to both ends of the fuel cell when the positive and negative electrodes of the battery 24 are connected to the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell, respectively.
The self-circulation hydrogen generation system has a cold start auxiliary mode function, controls cold start assistance through the first control valve 23, can quickly heat the electric pile when the fuel cell is in cold start, quickly reaches the operating temperature at which the fuel cell can be normally started, and assists the fuel cell in being successfully started. When the fuel cell is cold-started, the second driving pump 19 is started to start circulating water (the water circulation can prevent icing due to the flow of water and can heat the circulating water by the heat release of the aluminum water reaction), the thirteenth control valve 41 and the ninth control valve 37 are opened at the same time, the reaction water pressurized by the second driving pump 19 enters the reactor 1 from the water inlet 2 through the ninth control valve 37 and reacts with the aluminum raw material in the reactor 1 to generate hydrogen, the reaction of the water and the aluminum raw material is an exothermic reaction, and high-temperature hydrogen containing water vapor is generated. The first control valve 23 controls the first valve inlet to communicate with the second valve outlet, so that a passage is formed between the exhaust port 3 and the gas-water separator 21, high-temperature hydrogen generated in the reactor 1 enters the gas-water separator 21 through the exhaust port 3 via the third control valve 31, the high-temperature hydrogen is separated to obtain water and exchanges heat with cold air, the water is pumped by the third drive pump 20 and is input into the anode region of the fuel cell via the fifth control valve 33 and the second control valve 30, and simultaneously, heated air is input into the cathode region of the fuel cell to heat the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell simultaneously, so that the internal temperature of the stack is rapidly increased.
When the fuel cell is started in a cold state, the anode and the cathode of the storage battery 24 are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell, namely reverse direct current is loaded on the two ends of the fuel cell, the temperature rise of a fuel cell stack is accelerated, and the operating temperature of the fuel cell which can be started normally is quickly reached, so that the fuel cell is started successfully. Preferably, the current density of the reverse direct current loaded on the two ends of the fuel cell does not exceed the rated current density of the fuel cell.
In the present embodiment, the system further comprises a control unit 26, a first pressure sensor 27, a second pressure sensor 28 and a liquid level meter 29, wherein the control unit 26 is connected with the first pressure sensor 27, the second pressure sensor 28 and the liquid level meter 29 respectively, the first pressure sensor 27 and the second pressure sensor 28 are used for detecting the internal pressures of the reactor 1 and the gas buffer chamber 6 respectively, and the liquid level meter 29 is used for detecting the liquid level height of the water storage tank 7, wherein the first control valve 23, the second control valve 30, the third control valve 31, the fourth control valve 32, the fifth control valve 33, the sixth control valve 34, the seventh control valve 35, the eighth control valve 36, the ninth control valve 37, the tenth control valve 38, the eleventh control valve 39, the twelfth control valve 40 and the thirteenth control valve 41 are all electromagnetic valves, and the control unit 26 is electrically connected with the first control valve 23, the second control valve 30, the third control valve 31, the fourth control valve 32, the fifth control valve 33, the sixth control valve 34, the seventh control valve 35, the thirteenth control valve 38 and the thirteenth control valve 41 respectively, and is a control unit 26, a specific control unit is a single chip microcomputer L or a combination of a plurality of control valves.
The control unit 26 is connected to a Battery Management System (BMS) of the fuel cell, acquires fuel cell operation data (output power, cell voltage, pressure, temperature, etc.) in real time, and controls the opening and closing degree of the second control valve 30 based on the output power of the fuel cell, thereby controlling the amount of hydrogen received by the fuel cell per unit time. And the pressure of the gas buffer chamber 6 is detected by the second pressure sensor 28, and the opening and closing degree of the ninth control valve 37 is dynamically adjusted, so that the stability of hydrogen supply of the self-circulation hydrogen generation system is ensured.
The control unit 26 is connected with the BMS output end of the fuel cell, the BMS input end of the fuel cell is connected with a temperature sensor arranged in the fuel cell stack, and the BMS of the fuel cell collects the temperature of the stack measured by the temperature sensor and transmits the temperature to the control unit 26. When the temperature in the electric pile is lower than a specific temperature when the fuel cell is started, the cold start auxiliary mode of the fuel cell is automatically started to heat the electric pile. When the temperature in the electric pile reaches the operating temperature at which the fuel cell can be normally started, the positive and negative electrode contra-regulating circuit 25 is controlled to enable the positive and negative electrodes of the storage battery 24 to be respectively connected with the cathode and the anode of the fuel cell, meanwhile, the first control valve 23 controls the first valve inlet to be communicated with the first valve outlet to enable the air exhaust port 3 and the heat exchange tube 5 to form a passage, the self-circulation hydrogen generation system is switched to a normal working mode to supply cooled hydrogen for the fuel cell, and the fuel cell enters a normal operating state to be successfully started. The heat generated by the hydrogen-oxygen reaction continues to heat the stack under operating conditions until optimum performance is achieved.
The invention provides a self-circulation hydrogen generating system, wherein hydrogen is generated by a reactor 1, and product water generated after power generation of a fuel cell can participate in hydrogen production reaction again after being recycled, so that the raw material water requirement of the hydrogen production technology is reduced, the volume and the weight of the self-circulation hydrogen generating system are reduced, and the portability and the practicability of the self-circulation hydrogen generating system are greatly improved.
The embodiment also provides a working method of the self-circulation hydrogen generation system, which comprises the following steps:
emptying the water storage tank 7, the reactor 1, the heat exchange tube 5 and the gas cache chamber 6, adding water into the water storage tank 7, and monitoring the liquid level height of the water storage tank 7 by a liquid level meter 29 in real time;
the reactor 1 is provided with a pretreated aluminum raw material for reaction containing aluminum and a catalyst, the water tank 7 is supplied with water in advance, an external water source is supplied to the water tank 7 by the first drive pump 18, and the twelfth control valve 40 controls the input/stop of water. When the first driving pump 18 is started, the eleventh control valve 39 is opened, air in the water pipeline, the reactor 1 and the heat exchange pipe 5 enters the water storage tank 7 under the suction action of the first driving pump 18, the eighth control valve 36 is opened to enter an emptying procedure, meanwhile, water input by an external water source also enters the water storage tank 7, and as the water level in the water storage tank 7 rises to a preset upper limit water level (namely water is filled up), the air in the water storage tank 7 is emptied through the eighth control valve 36 under the pressure of the water. And closing the eighth control valve 36 and the twelfth control valve 40, opening the thirteenth control valve 41, allowing the water in the water storage tank 7 to enter the heat exchanger 4, reducing the water level in the water storage tank 7 to a preset lower limit water level, opening the twelfth control valve 40 to continuously input the water into the water storage tank 7 until the preset upper limit water level is reached again, closing the first driving pump 18 and closing the twelfth control valve 40, and finishing the emptying and water adding of the self-circulation hydrogen generation system.
Detecting whether the temperature of a fuel cell stack is lower than a normal working temperature, if so, assisting the fuel cell to start and supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell in a low-temperature mode; if not, starting in a normal mode and supplying hydrogen for the fuel cell;
the normal mode starting and supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell includes:
conveying water in a water storage tank 7 to a reactor 1 to react with an aluminum raw material to generate high-temperature high-humidity hydrogen, conveying the high-temperature high-humidity hydrogen to a heat exchange tube 5 through an exhaust port 3 to be cooled and dehumidified to obtain low-temperature dry hydrogen, storing the low-temperature dry hydrogen in a gas buffer chamber 6, and conveying the low-temperature dry hydrogen in the gas buffer chamber 6 to a fuel cell to start the fuel cell; water generated by the fuel cell is conveyed to the second water collecting chamber 22 under the action of the gas-water separator 21, and the water in the second water collecting chamber 22 is recycled through the water storage tank 7 and then enters the reactor 1 to participate in hydrogen production reaction;
the low temperature mode assisting the fuel cell in starting and supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell includes:
conveying water in the water storage tank 7 into the reactor 1 to react with the aluminum raw material to generate high-temperature high-humidity hydrogen, opening the first control valve 23 to enable the first valve inlet to be communicated with the second valve outlet, and conveying the high-temperature high-humidity hydrogen to the gas-water separator 21 through the exhaust port 3; the high-temperature high-humidity hydrogen gas exchanges heat with cold air in the cooling air passage 42 in the gas-water separation pipe 43, and hot hydrogen gas output by the gas-water separator 21 is input from the anode inlet of the fuel cell under the suction of the third driving pump 20; the hot air output by the cooling air duct 42 is input from the cathode inlet of the fuel cell, and heats the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell simultaneously, so as to increase the temperature of the fuel cell stack; the storage battery 24 loads reverse direct current on two ends of the fuel cell through the positive and negative electrode opposite adjusting circuit 25, the current density of the reverse direct current is smaller than the rated current density of the fuel cell, hydrogen reacts with air to release heat, the temperature of a pile of the fuel cell is rapidly raised, and the fuel cell can be started when the temperature reaches the operating temperature of normal starting of the fuel cell; water generated by the fuel cell is conveyed to the second water collecting chamber 22 under the action of the gas-water separator 21, and the water in the second water collecting chamber 22 is recycled through the water storage tank 7 and then enters the reactor 1 to participate in hydrogen production reaction.
The invention utilizes high-temperature hydrogen generated by hydrogen production reaction to heat the cathode inlet air (air) of the fuel cell, the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell are simultaneously heated by the hot hydrogen and the heated air, the internal temperature of the fuel cell is rapidly increased, and meanwhile, reverse direct current is loaded on the two ends of the fuel cell, so that the cold start process of the fuel cell is accelerated, and the problem that the fuel cell cannot be started in a low-temperature environment is effectively solved.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described alternative embodiments, and various other forms of products can be obtained by anyone in light of the present invention. The above detailed description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined in the claims, and which the description is intended to be interpreted accordingly.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a hydrogen production device, includes reactor (1), and reactor (1) is equipped with water inlet (2) and gas vent (3), its characterized in that, be equipped with heat exchanger (4) in reactor (1), be equipped with heat exchange tube (5) in heat exchanger (4), the one end of heat exchange tube (5) with gas vent (3) intercommunication, the other end of heat exchange tube (5) is connected with gaseous buffer memory room (6), the output water of heat exchanger (4) is used for carrying to water inlet (2) and provides reaction water for reactor (1).
2. The hydrogen production plant according to claim 1, further comprising a water storage tank (7), wherein the water storage tank (7) is communicated with the water inlet (2) of the reactor (1); the heat exchanger (4) is provided with a water outlet (8) and a water inlet (9), and the water outlet (8) and the water inlet (9) are both communicated with the water storage tank (7); an injection pipe (10) communicated with the water inlet (2) is arranged in the reactor (1), and an injection hole is formed in the injection pipe (10); a waterproof breathable film (11) is arranged between the heat exchange tube (5) and the gas cache chamber (6), and the heat exchange tube (5) is connected with a first water collecting chamber (12).
3. The hydrogen production plant according to claim 2, characterized in that an S-shaped cooling water channel (13) is arranged in the heat exchanger (4), and the heat exchange tubes (5) are arranged in the cooling water channel (13); the reactor (1) comprises a main body and a cover plate connected with the main body, wherein the cover plate is provided with a plug-in line concentration socket.
4. The self-circulation hydrogen generation system is characterized by comprising a hydrogen combustion device and a reactor (1), wherein the reactor (1) is provided with a water inlet (2) and an exhaust port (3), a heat exchanger (4) is arranged in the reactor (1), a heat exchange tube (5) is arranged in the heat exchanger (4), one end of the heat exchange tube (5) is communicated with the exhaust port (3), the other end of the heat exchange tube (5) is connected with a gas cache chamber (6), and the gas cache chamber (6) is communicated with the hydrogen combustion device; the hydrogen combustion device is characterized by further comprising a water storage tank (7), the water storage tank (7) is communicated with a water inlet (2) of the reactor (1), the heat exchanger (4) is provided with a water outlet (8) and a water inlet (9), the water outlet (8) and the water inlet (9) are communicated with the water storage tank (7) through a first driving pump (18) and a second driving pump (19) respectively, and water generated by the hydrogen combustion device is used for being conveyed to the water storage tank (7).
5. The self-circulation hydrogen generation system according to claim 4, wherein the hydrogen combustion device comprises a fuel cell, the fuel cell is provided with a shutdown purging device, the shutdown purging device comprises a third driving pump (20) and a gas-water separator (21), the inlet end of the gas-water separator (21) is communicated with the cathode evacuation port of the fuel cell, the inlet end of the third driving pump (20) is communicated with the gas outlet end of the gas-water separator (21), and the outlet end of the third driving pump (20) is respectively communicated with the anode inlet and the cathode inlet of the fuel cell.
6. The self-circulation hydrogen generation system according to claim 5, wherein the gas-water separator (21) comprises a shell, a gas-water separation pipe (43) is arranged in the shell, the inlet of the gas-water separation pipe (43) is communicated with the inlet end of the gas-water separator (21), the gas outlet of the gas-water separation pipe (43) is communicated with the gas outlet end of the gas-water separator (21), and the liquid outlet of the gas-water separation pipe (43) is connected with a second water collecting chamber (22); and a cooling air passage (42) is arranged between the shell and the gas-water separation pipe (43), one end of the cooling air passage (42) is communicated with the outside air, and the other end of the cooling air passage is communicated with a cathode inlet of the fuel cell.
7. The self-circulation hydrogen generation system according to claim 6, wherein the first driving pump (18) is provided with a first driving pump inlet, a second driving pump inlet, a third driving pump inlet and a first driving pump outlet, the first driving pump inlet is communicated with an external water source, the second driving pump inlet is communicated with the water outlet (8) of the heat exchanger (4), the third driving pump inlet is communicated with the second water collecting chamber (22), and the first driving pump outlet is communicated with the water storage tank (7); a waterproof and breathable film (11) is arranged between the heat exchange tube (5) and the gas buffer chamber (6), and the heat exchange tube (5) is connected with a first water collecting chamber (12); the gas-water separation pipe (43) is a spiral pipe, the cooling air passage (42) is S-shaped, and the second water collecting chamber (22) is communicated with the first water collecting chamber (12).
8. The self-circulating hydrogen generation system according to claim 7, wherein a first control valve (23) is provided between the heat exchange tube (5) and the exhaust port (3), the first control valve (23) is provided with a first valve inlet, a first valve outlet and a second valve outlet, the first valve inlet is communicated with the exhaust port (3), the first valve outlet is communicated with the heat exchange tube (5), and the second valve outlet is communicated with the inlet end of the gas-water separator (21) and the anode inlet of the fuel cell; the fuel cell is connected with an electricity storage device, the electricity storage device comprises a storage battery (24), and a positive and negative electrode opposite adjusting circuit (25) is arranged between the storage battery (24) and the fuel cell.
9. The self-circulating hydrogen generation system according to claim 8, further comprising a control unit (26), a first pressure sensor (27), a second pressure sensor (28), a level gauge (29), and a second control valve (30), wherein the control unit (26) is connected to the first pressure sensor (27), the second pressure sensor (28), the level gauge (29), and the second control valve (30), respectively, the first pressure sensor (27) and the second pressure sensor (28) are used for detecting the internal pressures of the reactor (1) and the gas buffer chamber (6), respectively, the level gauge (29) is used for detecting the liquid level of the water storage tank (7), and the second control valve (30) is used for controlling the hydrogen gas inlet of the anode inlet of the fuel cell.
10. A method of operating a self-circulating hydrogen generation system according to claim 9, comprising the steps of:
detecting whether the temperature of a fuel cell stack is lower than a normal working temperature, and if so, starting a self-circulation hydrogen generation system in a low-temperature mode; if not, starting the self-circulation hydrogen generation system in a normal mode;
detecting whether the temperature of a fuel cell stack is lower than a normal working temperature, if so, assisting the fuel cell to start and supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell in a low-temperature mode; if not, starting in a normal mode and supplying hydrogen for the fuel cell;
the normal mode starting and supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell includes:
conveying water in a water storage tank (7) into a reactor (1) to react with an aluminum raw material to generate high-temperature high-humidity hydrogen, conveying the high-temperature high-humidity hydrogen into a heat exchange tube (5) through an exhaust port (3) to cool and dehumidify to obtain low-temperature dry hydrogen, storing the low-temperature dry hydrogen in a gas buffer chamber (6), and conveying the low-temperature dry hydrogen in the gas buffer chamber (6) to a fuel cell to start the fuel cell; water generated by the fuel cell is conveyed to a second water collecting chamber (22) under the action of a gas-water separator (21), and the water in the second water collecting chamber (22) is recycled through a water storage tank (7) and then enters a reactor (1) to participate in hydrogen production reaction;
the low temperature mode assisting the fuel cell in starting and supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell includes:
conveying water in the water storage tank (7) into the reactor (1) to react with the aluminum raw material to generate high-temperature high-humidity hydrogen, opening the first control valve (23) to enable the first valve inlet to be communicated with the second valve outlet, and conveying the high-temperature high-humidity hydrogen to the gas-water separator (21) through the exhaust port (3); the high-temperature high-humidity hydrogen exchanges heat with cold air in a cooling air channel (42) in a gas-water separation pipe (43), hot hydrogen output by a gas-water separator (21) is input from an anode inlet of the fuel cell under the suction of a third driving pump (20), hot air output by the cooling air channel (42) is input from a cathode inlet of the fuel cell, and the anode and the cathode of the fuel cell are simultaneously heated, so that the temperature of a galvanic pile of the fuel cell is increased; the storage battery (24) loads reverse direct current on two ends of the fuel cell through the positive and negative electrode opposite adjusting circuit (25), the current density of the reverse direct current is smaller than the rated current density of the fuel cell, hydrogen reacts with air to release heat, the temperature of a galvanic pile of the fuel cell is rapidly increased, and the fuel cell can be started when the temperature reaches the normal starting operation temperature of the fuel cell; water generated by the fuel cell is conveyed to the second water collecting chamber (22) under the action of the gas-water separator (21), and water in the second water collecting chamber (22) is recycled through the water storage tank (7) and then enters the reactor (1) to participate in hydrogen production reaction.
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| CN114551947A (en) * | 2022-02-24 | 2022-05-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Portable reaction-controllable solid fuel cell |
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| CN111498802B (en) | 2023-07-18 |
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