CN214226971U - Energy regeneration circulating device of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell - Google Patents
Energy regeneration circulating device of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN214226971U CN214226971U CN202120349760.9U CN202120349760U CN214226971U CN 214226971 U CN214226971 U CN 214226971U CN 202120349760 U CN202120349760 U CN 202120349760U CN 214226971 U CN214226971 U CN 214226971U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an energy regeneration circulating device of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, which comprises a hydrogen regeneration circulating system, an oxygen regeneration circulating system, a heat energy regeneration circulating system and an electric power inversion system, and comprises a regeneration hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack, a hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank, a hydrogen dehydration tank, a hydrogen storage tank, an oxygen liquid-gas separation tank, an oxygen storage tank, a circulating water pump, an electrolyzed water pump, a water tank, an electric power conversion controller and the like; the regenerative hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack comprises a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet, an oxygen inlet, a circulating water inlet and a circulating water outlet; a first heat exchange tube is arranged in the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank, and a second heat exchange tube is arranged in the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank; the device is a regenerative fuel cell device integrating the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell and the electrolyzed water, can generate electric energy through oxyhydrogen gas, can also prepare the oxyhydrogen gas through reverse electrolyzed water, realizes the regeneration, storage and cyclic utilization of the oxyhydrogen gas, and can also realize the recovery, storage and cyclic utilization of the reaction water and the heat energy of the device.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of fuel cell, especially, relate to a regeneration oxyhydrogen fuel cell's energy regeneration circulating device.
Background
With the development of new energy in China and the technical progress, wind power and solar power generation have been greatly developed, the occupation ratio of the renewable energy in the energy structure in China is more and more, and by the end of 2019, the occupation ratio of the renewable energy in the energy structure in China reaches about 27.9%, wherein the wind power generation amount is 5.5% of the total generation amount when 4057 hundred million kilowatts are generated, the photovoltaic power generation amount is 3.1% of the total generation amount when 2243 hundred million kilowatts are generated, and the growth is still fast. However, with the pace of development of clean energy in China being accelerated, grid-connected consumption problems of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation are increasingly serious, a large amount of wind and light abandoning phenomena are caused, and the ratio of the wind and light abandoning phenomena far exceeds that of developed countries in Europe, America and the like.
Renewable energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy have the defects of regionality, intermittency, low utilization hours and the like, and once the renewable energy sources are incorporated into a power grid, the renewable energy sources bring stability and safety impact to the power grid. In order to realize sustainable development and coordination, safety, reliability and high-efficiency operation of large-scale intermittent clean energy grid-connected power generation in a power grid, an effective method for solving the problem is to combine electric power of renewable energy with a water electrolysis technology, produce and store hydrogen by using the renewable energy such as wind power, photoelectricity and the like on a large scale, or convert a fuel cell into electric power to supplement the power consumption demand of power consumption peak of the power grid and the like, so that the utilization rate and the occupation ratio of the renewable energy are improved. This has become one of the effective ways to solve a series of problems caused by intermittent clean energy grid-connected power generation.
At present, the problems of wind abandoning and light abandoning are solved by utilizing and storing wind energy and solar energy in China, and renewable energy sources are merged into a power grid for supplement and balance by exploring a mode of hydrogen production by water electrolysis and power generation by a fuel cell. The adopted scheme also belongs to the combination of the technology of hydrogen production by water electrolysis through the PEM and the power generation of the PEM fuel cell, but the PEM fuel cell and the PEM fuel cell are independent systems, and the power generation of the PEM fuel cell is an extension of the subsequent process of hydrogen production by water electrolysis through the PEM. Belongs to a split type regenerative hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell system.
Regenerating an oxyhydrogen fuel cell refers to combining the oxyhydrogen fuel cell technology with the water electrolysis technology so that
[2H2+O2→ Ohydro2O + electric energy]And [ electric energy +2H2O→2H2+O2]The process is circulated to make fuel H of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell2And an oxidizing agent O2Can be regenerated through the water electrolysis process, and has the function of energy storage. The current structural forms include three, one is a split structural form, namely an electrolytic water system and a fuel cell power generation system belong to two independent systems; one is a hybrid type of structure, in which the electrolysis water system and the fuel cell power generation system share some common components and systems; the third is an integrated structure form, the electrolysis water system and the fuel cell system are a set of system, and the dual effects of water electrolysis hydrogen (oxygen) production and hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation can be realized by the set of system, namely the PEM regeneration hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell system.
The technical principle of hydrogen and oxygen production by PEM water electrolysis is as follows:
as shown in figure 2, the hydrogen and oxygen production technology by PEM water electrolysis adopts a high molecular polymer cation exchange membrane to replace a diaphragm and a liquid electrolyte in alkaline water electrolysis, and plays a role in isolating gas and ion conduction. When the PEM electrolysis system is in operation, water is electrochemically reacted through the anode chamber at the anode catalytic reaction interface to be dissociated into oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons. The hydrogen ions generated at the anode are hydrated with hydrogen ions (H)+·H2O) passes through the electrolyte membrane and electrochemically reacts at the cathode chamber reaction interface with electrons transported through an external circuit to produce hydrogen.
The electrode reaction equation for hydrogen and oxygen production by PEM water electrolysis is as follows:
anodic reaction 2H2O→4H++O2+4e－
Cathode reaction 4H++4e－→2H2
Total reaction 2H2O＝2H2+O2
PEM fuel cell power generation technical principle:
as shown in fig. 3, the working principle is as follows: hydrogen entering the anode side of the fuel cell is decomposed into H atoms under the action of a catalyst+And e–In which H is+Under the hydration action, the ions pass through the proton exchange membrane to reach the cathode side, and because the electrons cannot pass through the proton exchange membrane, the electrons can only reach the cathode side through the outside (so that an external circuit for acting is formed); on the cathode side, the protons, electrons, and oxygen atoms react to form water molecules and release a large amount of heat under the action of a catalyst.
The electrode reaction equation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is as follows:
and (3) positive electrode: o is2+4e-+4H+＝2H2O
Negative electrode: 2H2＝4H++4e-
Chemical general reaction: 2H2+O2＝2H2O
Based on the above technical information and the current technology for regenerating hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, it can be known that the working process of hydrogen and oxygen production by water electrolysis and the power generation working process of fuel cells are completely a bidirectional reversible process, and especially, the two working systems based on PEM (proton exchange membrane) adopt completely the same physical structure design (mainly comprising components such as PEM membrane electrode, GDL carbon paper, bipolar plates, collector plates, external end plates and the like), so that the system is the best integrated mode for producing hydrogen and oxygen by water electrolysis and performing chemical energy conversion power generation. And is a high-efficiency and most easily realized reversible regeneration hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell system.
Chinese patent CN 102185327 a discloses a large capacity power energy storage device based on a reversible fuel cell, but the utility model is only a schematic arrangement, and does not relate to system layout details and related implementation measures and schemes, and the specific implementation needs to be carefully designed and considered.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Based on present renewable energy development needs and can produce based on the reality demand, can implement, the operation, can produce the demand of a system or device of social and economic value, the utility model provides an integral type oxyhydrogen fuel cell energy regeneration circulating device that has the design of a whole set of systematization, can implement, the operation.
A hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell energy regeneration circulating device comprises a hydrogen regeneration circulating system, an oxygen regeneration circulating system, a heat energy regeneration circulating system and an electric power (electrolysis and power generation) inversion system, and structurally comprises a regenerated hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack, a hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank, a hydrogen dehydration tank, a hydrogen booster pump, a hydrogen storage tank, an oxygen liquid-gas separation tank, an oxygen booster pump, an oxygen storage tank, a circulating water pump, an electrolyzed water pump, a water tank, a radiator, a purified water production device, an electric power conversion controller and the like; the regenerative hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack comprises a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet, an oxygen inlet, a circulating water inlet and a circulating water outlet; a first heat exchange tube is arranged in the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank, and a second heat exchange tube is arranged in the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank;
the hydrogen outlet of the regenerated hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack is connected to the inlet of a hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank, the outlet of a hydrogen liquid-gas separator is connected to the inlet of a hydrogen storage tank of a hydrogen dehydration tank, the outlet of the hydrogen dehydration tank is connected to the hydrogen storage tank, the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the regenerated hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack to form a hydrogen regeneration circulating system, and when water electrolysis is carried out, external hydrogen supply can be supported;
a first pressure sensor is arranged at the hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen tail exhaust electromagnetic valve is arranged at the hydrogen outlet, a second pressure sensor is arranged on the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank, and a third pressure sensor is arranged on the hydrogen storage tank;
the hydrogen export of hydrogen liquid-gas knockout drum is through the pipe connection the hydrogen dehydration jar to set up first solenoid valve on the pipeline, the hydrogen exit linkage of hydrogen dehydration jar the hydrogen storage tank to set up the hydrogen booster pump on its pipeline, the hydrogen exit department of hydrogen storage tank sets up the electronic pressure reducer of hydrogen.
An oxygen outlet of the regenerative oxyhydrogen fuel cell stack is connected to an inlet of an oxygen liquid-gas separation tank, an outlet of the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank is connected to an inlet of an oxygen storage tank, an outlet of the oxygen storage tank is connected to an oxygen inlet of the regenerative oxyhydrogen fuel cell stack to form an oxygen regeneration circulating system, and oxygen can be supplied to the outside when water electrolysis is carried out;
a fourth pressure sensor is arranged at the oxygen inlet, an oxygen tail exhaust backpressure valve is arranged at the oxygen outlet, a fifth pressure sensor is arranged on the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank, and a sixth pressure sensor is arranged on the oxygen storage tank;
the oxygen outlet of the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank is connected with the oxygen storage tank through a pipeline, an oxygen booster pump is arranged on the pipeline, and an oxygen electric pressure reducer is arranged at the oxygen outlet of the oxygen storage tank.
And the circulating water system of the regenerated hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack and the electrolyzed water supply system jointly form a heat energy regeneration circulating system.
The outlet of the circulating water pump is connected to the inlet of the second heat exchange tube, the outlet of the second heat exchange tube is connected to the inlet of the first heat exchange tube, the outlet of the first heat exchange tube is connected to the inlet of the radiator, the outlet of the radiator is connected with the water tank, the outlet of the water tank is connected with the inlet of the circulating water pump, and the outlet of the circulating water pump is connected with the circulating water inlet of the regenerative hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack to form a circulating water system;
the outlet of the electrolyzed water pump is connected to the hydrogen inlet and the oxygen inlet of the regenerative hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack, the hydrogen outlet and the oxygen outlet are respectively connected to the inlets of the hydrogen-liquid-gas separation tank and the oxygen-liquid-gas separation tank, and the condensed water outlets at the bottoms of the hydrogen-liquid-gas separation tank and the oxygen-liquid-gas separation tank are converged and then connected to the inlet of the electrolyzed water pump to form an electrolyzed water circulating supply system.
The hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank and the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank can be used as a recovery system of hydrogen tail discharge and a recovery system of oxygen tail discharge in a fuel cell operation mode, and can also be used as a separation system of hydrogen or a mixture of oxygen and water produced in a water electrolysis hydrogen production mode; the hydrogen gas liquid-gas separation tank and the oxygen gas liquid-gas separation tank are provided with communicating pipes at the bottoms, so that gas pressure balance and liquid level balance at two sides can be realized; preferably, the outside of the hydrogen and oxygen liquid-gas separation tank is subjected to heat preservation and insulation treatment, so as to keep the heat of the electrolyzed water in the electrolyzed water storage tank from being dissipated outwards.
A second electromagnetic valve is arranged at the position where the outlet pipeline of the electrolyzed water pump is connected to the hydrogen inlet, and a third electromagnetic valve is arranged at the position where the outlet pipeline of the electrolyzed water pump is connected to the oxygen inlet;
a first temperature sensor is arranged at a circulating water inlet of the regenerative oxyhydrogen fuel cell stack, and a second temperature sensor is arranged at a circulating water outlet of the regenerative oxyhydrogen fuel cell stack.
Further, the thermal energy regeneration circulation system further comprises an electric heater disposed in the pipeline of the circulation water system and disposed at (but not limited to) the inlet side of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack in the circulation water system, and preferably, the electric heater is disposed in the water tank. The device has the functions of providing the complete device system with circulating heating under an extremely low external environment, keeping the temperature of the system and preventing icing and pipeline freezing and damage. And in the process of producing hydrogen (oxygen) by electrolyzing water, if necessary, the temperature of the electrolyzed water is increased so as to improve the efficiency of the electrolyzed water.
The anode (negative pole) and the cathode (positive pole) of the regenerative hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack are connected with a DC/AC transmitter or an AC/DC transmitter of a power conversion controller to form a power (electrolysis and power generation) inversion system.
The hydrogen regeneration circulating system also comprises a hydrogen replacement system, and a first replacement electromagnetic valve is arranged on a hydrogen inlet pipeline of the regenerated hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack; and a second replacement electromagnetic valve is arranged on a pipeline for discharging the hydrogen residual gas.
And external nitrogen enters the regenerated hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack through a hydrogen inlet of the regenerated hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack, enters a hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank through a hydrogen outlet, and is discharged by replacing hydrogen in the system through the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank.
The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell energy regeneration circulating device also comprises a purified water production device, wherein a water inlet of the purified water production device is externally connected with a tap water pipe, purified water produced by the purified water production device is divided into three branches, the first branch is used as electrolysis water and is connected to the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank, and a first water replenishing electromagnetic valve is arranged at an electrolysis water inlet of the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank;
the second branch is used as electrolysis water and connected to the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank, and a second water replenishing electromagnetic valve is arranged at an electrolysis water inlet of the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank;
the third branch is connected to the circulating water tank as circulating water replenishing, and a third water replenishing electromagnetic valve is arranged at an inlet of the circulating water tank.
The device is a regenerative fuel cell device integrating an oxyhydrogen Fuel Cell (FC) and electrolyzed Water (WE), and a fuel cell stack based on an integrated PEM proton exchange membrane can generate electric energy through the chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen and can also prepare hydrogen and oxygen through reverse electrolyzed water, thereby realizing the regeneration, storage and cyclic utilization of hydrogen and oxygen gases, and simultaneously realizing the recovery, storage and cyclic utilization of heat energy of the whole device.
When the system works as a system for preparing hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water, the system power conversion controller works when the power supply surplus occurs according to the monitored load condition of the power grid, and alternating current of the power grid is converted into direct current through the AC/DC converter to be supplied to a collector plate of a regenerative fuel cell stack for water electrolysis.
At this time, the electrolyzed water circulation supply system of the heat energy regeneration circulation system works (the circulating water system does not work), the electrolyzed water pump of the heat energy regeneration circulation system runs, electrolyzed water in the hydrogen-liquid-gas separation tank and electrolyzed water in the oxygen-liquid-gas separation tank are respectively pumped into regenerated hydrogen and oxygen to the cathode side and the anode side of the fuel cell stack through the hydrogen inlet and the oxygen inlet of the regenerated hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack, and hydrogen and oxygen are respectively generated on the cathode side and the anode side of the regenerated hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack through the electrolyzed water under the action of the catalyst. The pure water entering the oxygen inlet side is electrolysis water, oxygen generated by electrolysis on the anode side is brought into the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank through an oxygen outlet of the fuel cell stack by the circulating operation power of the water, the oxygen is pumped into the oxygen storage tank by the oxygen booster pump for storage after liquid-gas separation, and the separated water is circularly pumped into the regenerative oxyhydrogen fuel cell stack for electrolysis again through the electrolysis water pump.
And secondly, the purified water entering the hydrogen inlet side is only used for providing circulating water power to enable hydrogen generated by cathode side electrolysis to pass through a hydrogen outlet of the regenerated hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack and be brought into a hydrogen-liquid-gas separation tank, after liquid-gas separation, the hydrogen-liquid-gas separation tank enters a hydrogen dehydration tank and is pumped into a hydrogen storage tank through a hydrogen supercharger to be stored, and the separated water is circularly pumped into the regenerated hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack through an electrolyzed water pump again to be electrolyzed.
Furthermore, the electrolyzed water is respectively pumped into the anode side and the cathode side of the regenerated hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack by the electrolyzed water pump, which is beneficial to the pressure balance of the gas and the liquid at the two sides of the proton exchange membrane, plays the role of protecting the proton exchange membrane and prevents the proton exchange membrane from being damaged due to the pressure difference at the two sides.
When the system is used for generating power by a fuel cell, according to the monitoring of the load condition of a power grid, when the power supply is in short supply, a system power conversion controller works, hydrogen in a hydrogen storage tank and oxygen in an oxygen storage tank are decompressed and are respectively supplied to the anode side of a hydrogen inlet of a fuel cell stack (converted compared with the water electrolysis), and the cathode side of an oxygen inlet of a regenerative oxyhydrogen fuel cell stack (converted compared with the water electrolysis), so that chemical reaction is generated under the action of a catalyst to generate electricity, and the electricity is converted into alternating current to supply power to the power grid through a DC/AC transmitter.
At the moment, a circulating water system of the heat energy regeneration circulating system works (an electrolytic water circulation supply system does not work), a circulating water pump of the heat energy regeneration circulating system runs, water in the water tank is pumped into the fuel cell stack through a circulating water inlet of the fuel cell stack, enters the second heat exchange tube through a circulating water outlet, flows through the first heat exchange tube and the radiator, returns to the water tank, and cools the fuel cell stack to ensure the normal work of the electric stack.
Furthermore, circulating water passes through the fuel cell stack, and in the process of discharging heat generated by chemical reaction in the stack, the circulating water flows through the second heat exchange tube and the first heat exchange tube to respectively exchange heat with electrolytic water in the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank and the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank, so that most of heat is transferred to the electrolytic water, and the recovery and storage of part of heat are realized; because the reaction process of the electrolyzed water is completely opposite to the power generation process of the fuel cell and is an endothermic reaction, the higher the temperature of the electrolyzed water is in the reaction process of the electrolyzed water, the higher the reaction speed is, the electrolysis efficiency of the system is improved, when the hydrogen and oxygen production mode of the electrolyzed water is operated, the electrolyzed water with certain heat is stored, and the heat is absorbed and used for the electrolyzed water, thereby realizing the recycling of the heat.
Furthermore, the electrolytic water with higher temperature (about 65-75 ℃) stored in the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank and the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank is beneficial to keeping a certain temperature of the whole device, and particularly can be quickly started at low temperature under the condition of lower outdoor temperature without needing to be heated for a long time to improve or keep the temperature of the system, so that unnecessary power loss is greatly reduced, and the purposes of saving energy and improving the system efficiency are achieved.
Furthermore, when the fuel cell is in a power generation working state, when the temperature of the electrolyzed water in the hydrogen and oxygen liquid-gas separation tank reaches about 65-75 ℃, the radiator in the circulating pipeline starts to work, and redundant heat is discharged to the outside of the device, so that the normal power generation of the fuel cell system is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of it is following and positive effect:
the utility model provides a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell energy regeneration circulating device, which can realize that when the power grid has surplus power by monitoring the change of the external power grid environment, the surplus power is converted into hydrogen and oxygen by the direct current electrolysis of purified water to be stored; when the external power grid is in short supply, the stored hydrogen and oxygen can be utilized to generate electricity to supply power to the external power grid, so that the regeneration utilization of the oxygen and the hydrogen is realized, the peak and valley eliminating effect on the external power grid is realized, and the stability and the balance of the power supply of the external power grid are facilitated;
the utility model provides a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell energy regeneration circulating device is provided with the device of heat recovery and storage, can carry out partial absorption and storage with the heat that produces when fuel cell generates electricity for when the system carries out electrolysis water hydrogen and oxygen, provide the required heat of electrolysis water reaction, realized thermal recovery, storage and cyclic utilization, great reduction electric power loss, improve the efficiency of electrolysis water, and can realize low temperature quick start and operation under low temperature environment;
the utility model discloses the device need not to set up the electrolysis water tank, uses hydrogen liquid gas knockout drum and oxygen liquid gas separator jar as the holding vessel of electrolysis water, not only can realize as the separation of the water of the liquid gas separation under the electrolysis water mode operation, retrieve and cyclic utilization, can also retrieve the water that produces when generating as fuel cell, uses as the electrolysis water, and then has realized the recovery and cyclic utilization of water, the effectual waste that reduces the water resource.
The device of the utility model does not need to be provided with an oxygen dehydration tank and an oxygen humidification system (oxygen contains water in the electrolytic water reaction process) which is added under the fuel cell operation mode, so as to ensure the normal operation of the fuel cell and effectively reduce the system cost;
compared with the prior art, the device has the advantages of simple structure, clear principle, systematic design and the like, comprehensively realizes the recovery, storage and cyclic utilization of hydrogen, oxygen, reaction water and heat, effectively saves the system space and the manufacturing cost, has the characteristics of higher specific power, implementation and operation, and is particularly suitable for being popularized and applied as an energy storage device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall design of an energy recycling device of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of PEM water electrolysis in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a prior art PEM fuel cell;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the operation of hydrogen production by water electrolysis in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of the operation of the fuel cell in the embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1-regenerating a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack; 101-a hydrogen inlet; 102-a hydrogen outlet; 103-an oxygen inlet; 104-an oxygen outlet; 105-a circulating water inlet; 106-circulating water outlet; 2-a hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank; 3-an oxygen gas-liquid separation tank; 4-a hydrogen dehydration tank; 5-an oxygen storage tank; 6-hydrogen storage tank; 7-a pure water device; 8-a circulating water tank; 9-a circulating water pump; 10-circulating water supply electromagnetic valve; 11-a filter; 12-an electrolyzed water pump; 13-a first water replenishing solenoid valve; 14-a second water replenishing electromagnetic valve; 15-a third water replenishing electromagnetic valve; 16-a first solenoid valve; 17-a second solenoid valve; 18-a third solenoid valve; 19-a hydrogen supply solenoid valve; 20-oxygen supply solenoid valve; 21-hydrogen tail discharge electromagnetic valve; 22-oxygen tail exhaust back pressure valve; 23-a hydrogen booster pump; 24-an oxygen booster pump; 25-hydrogen electric pressure reducer; 26-an oxygen electric pressure reducer; 27-a first displacement solenoid valve; 28-a second displacement solenoid valve; 29-a blowdown valve; 30-a first heat exchange tube; 31-a second heat exchange tube, 32-a liquid level sensor; 33-a heat sink; 34-an electric heater; 35-a drain solenoid valve; 36-a power conversion controller; 3601-AC/DC transmitter; 3602-DC/AC transmitter.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the advantages and features of the present invention will become clear from the following description and claims. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive work based on the embodiments of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell energy regeneration cycle device comprises a hydrogen regeneration cycle system, an oxygen regeneration cycle system, a thermal energy regeneration cycle system and an electric power (electrolysis and power generation) inversion system. The device mainly comprises a regenerative hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack 1, a hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank 2, a hydrogen dehydration tank 6, a hydrogen storage tank 4, an oxygen liquid-gas separation tank 3, an oxygen storage tank 5, a circulating water pump 9, an electrolyzed water pump 12, a circulating water tank 8, a purified water production device 7, an electric power conversion controller 36 and the like in structure;
the regenerative oxyhydrogen fuel cell stack 1 comprises a hydrogen inlet 101, a hydrogen outlet 102, an oxygen inlet 103, an oxygen outlet 104, a circulating water inlet 105 and a circulating water outlet 106, wherein a first heat exchange tube 30 is arranged in the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank 2, and a second heat exchange tube 31 is arranged in the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank 3.
1. A hydrogen outlet 101 of the regenerated hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack is connected to an inlet of a hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank 2, an outlet of the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank 2 is connected to an inlet of a hydrogen dehydration tank 4, a first electromagnetic valve 16 is arranged on a connecting pipeline, an outlet of the hydrogen dehydration tank 4 is connected to a hydrogen storage tank 6, a hydrogen booster pump 23 is arranged on the connecting pipeline, an outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 6 is connected to the hydrogen inlet 101 of the regenerated hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack 1, and a hydrogen electric pressure reducer 25 is arranged on the connecting pipeline to form a hydrogen regeneration circulating system, so that when the electrolyzed water runs, the electrolyzed water can supply hydrogen to the outside;
a first pressure sensor is arranged at a hydrogen inlet 101, a hydrogen tail exhaust electromagnetic valve 21 is arranged at a hydrogen outlet 102, a second pressure sensor is arranged on the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank 2, and a third pressure sensor is arranged on the hydrogen storage tank 6;
the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank 4 is provided with a hydrogen booster pump 23, and the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank 4 is provided with a hydrogen electric pressure reducer 25.
2. An oxygen tail exhaust back pressure valve is arranged at an oxygen outlet 104 of the regenerative oxyhydrogen fuel cell stack 1 and is connected to an inlet of an oxygen liquid-gas separation tank 3 through a pipeline, an outlet of the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank 3 is connected to an inlet of an oxygen storage tank 5, an oxygen booster pump 24 is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank, an outlet of the oxygen storage tank 5 is connected to an oxygen inlet 103 of the regenerative oxyhydrogen fuel cell stack 1, a hydrogen electric pressure reducer 26 is arranged on the connecting pipeline of the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank to form an oxygen regeneration circulating system, and when electrolytic water runs, oxygen can be supplied to the external;
a fourth pressure sensor is arranged at the oxygen inlet 103, a fifth pressure sensor is arranged on the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank 3, and a sixth pressure sensor is arranged on the oxygen storage tank 5;
an oxygen booster pump 24 is arranged at the oxygen inlet of the oxygen storage tank 5, and an electric oxygen pressure reducer 26 is arranged at the oxygen outlet of the oxygen storage tank 5.
3. The circulating water system of the regenerated hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack 1 and the electrolyzed water circulating supply system form a heat energy regeneration circulating system together;
wherein, the outlet of the circulating water pump 9 is connected with the circulating water inlet 105 of the regenerative hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack 1 through a pipeline, the circulating water outlet 106 is connected with the second heat exchange pipe 31, the first heat exchange pipe 30, the radiator 33 and the circulating water tank 8 through pipelines in sequence, the circulating water supply electromagnetic valve 10 and the filter 11 are connected to the circulating water pump 9 to form a circulating water system;
a first temperature sensor is arranged at a circulating water inlet 105 of the regenerative hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack 1, and a second temperature sensor is arranged at a circulating water outlet 106 of the regenerative hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack 1;
wherein, the outlet of the electrolyzed water pump 12 is respectively connected with the hydrogen inlet 101 and the oxygen inlet 103 of the regenerative oxyhydrogen fuel cell stack 1 through pipelines, the second electromagnetic valve 17 is arranged at the hydrogen inlet 101, and the third electromagnetic valve 18 is arranged at the oxygen inlet 103; the hydrogen outlet 102 and the oxygen outlet 104 of the regenerative hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack 1 are respectively connected with the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank 2 and the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank 3 through pipelines in sequence, and are connected to the electrolyzed water pump 12 after being converged at the bottom condensed water outlets of the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank 2 and the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank 3, and a water discharge electromagnetic valve 35 and a filter 11 are arranged on a converging pipeline to form an electrolyzed water circulating supply system.
The hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank 2 and the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank 3 are also used as storage tanks for electrolyzed water, and one of the two tanks is provided with a liquid level sensor 32 to realize monitoring and management of the storage amount of the electrolyzed water; the outside of the hydrogen gas liquid-gas separation tank 2 and the oxygen gas liquid-gas separation tank 3 is subjected to heat preservation and heat insulation treatment.
Further, the thermal energy regeneration circulation system further comprises an electric heater 34 disposed in the pipeline of the circulation water system at a position (but not limited to) on the side of the circulation water inlet 105 of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack 1 in the circulation water system, and preferably, the electric heater 34 is disposed in the circulation water tank 8. The device has the functions of providing the complete device system with circulating heating under an extremely low external environment, keeping the temperature of the system and preventing icing and pipeline freezing and damage.
4. The anode (negative pole) and the cathode (positive pole) of the regenerative hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack are connected with a DC/AC transducer or an AC/DC transducer of a power conversion controller to form a power (electrolysis and power generation) inversion system.
5. The hydrogen regeneration circulating system also comprises a hydrogen replacement system, and a first replacement electromagnetic valve 27 is arranged on a pipeline of a hydrogen inlet 101 of the regenerative hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack 1; a second replacement solenoid valve 28 is provided in the line for discharging the hydrogen off-gas.
External nitrogen enters the regenerative oxyhydrogen fuel cell stack 1 through a hydrogen inlet 101 of the regenerative oxyhydrogen fuel cell stack 1, enters a hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank 2 through a hydrogen outlet 102, and is discharged by replacing hydrogen in the system through the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank 2.
6. Further, the device comprises a purified water production device 7, wherein a water inlet of the purified water production device 7 is externally connected with a tap water pipe, purified water produced by the purified water production device 7 is divided into three branches, the first branch is used as electrolysis water and is connected to the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank 3, and a first water replenishing electromagnetic valve 13 is arranged at an inlet of the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank 3;
the second branch is used as electrolysis water and is connected to the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank 2, and a second water replenishing electromagnetic valve 14 is arranged at an electrolysis water inlet of the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank 2;
the third branch is connected to the circulation tank 8 as a circulation water supplement, and a third water supplement solenoid valve 15 is provided at an inlet of the circulation tank 8.
And the bottom parts of the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank 2 and the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank 3 are both provided with a drain valve 29.
Specific working process of device
The device is the regenerative fuel cell device that hydrogen-oxygen Fuel Cell (FC) and electrolysis Water (WE) combine as an organic whole, and fuel cell stack 1 based on integrated PEM proton exchange membrane both can produce the electric energy through the chemical reaction of hydrogen, oxygen, also can prepare hydrogen and oxygen through reverse electrolysis water, realizes regeneration, storage and cyclic utilization of hydrogen, oxygen gas, simultaneously, can also realize the recovery, storage and cyclic utilization of the heat energy of whole equipment.
1. Working process for preparing hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water
Referring to fig. 4, when a surplus of power supply occurs according to the monitored load condition of the power grid, the system power conversion controller operates to convert the alternating current of the power grid into direct current through the AC/DC converter 3601 and provide the direct current to the collector plate of the regenerative fuel cell stack 1 for water electrolysis.
At this time, the electrolyzed water circulation supply system of the thermal energy regeneration circulation system is operated (the circulating water system is not operated), the electrolyzed water pump 12 is operated (at the same time, the first electromagnetic valve 16, the second electromagnetic valve 17 and the third electromagnetic valve 18 are all in an open state, the hydrogen supply electromagnetic valve 19 and the oxygen supply electromagnetic valve 20 are all in a closed state), the electrolyzed water in the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank 2 and the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank 3 is respectively pumped into the cathode side and the anode side of the fuel cell stack 1 through the hydrogen inlet 101 and the oxygen inlet 103 of the fuel cell stack 1, and hydrogen and oxygen are respectively generated on the cathode side and the anode side of the fuel cell stack 1 through water electrolysis under the action of the catalyst.
The pure water entering the oxygen inlet 103 is electrolysis water, oxygen generated by electrolysis on the anode side is brought into the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank 3 through the oxygen outlet 104 of the fuel cell stack 1 by the circulating operation power of the water, the oxygen is pumped into the oxygen storage tank 5 by the oxygen booster pump 24 for storage after liquid-gas separation, and the separated water is pumped into the fuel cell stack 1 again through the electrolysis water pump 12 for electrolysis.
And secondly, the pure water entering the hydrogen inlet 101 side is only used for providing circulating water power to bring the hydrogen generated by cathode side electrolysis into the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank 2 through the hydrogen outlet 102 of the fuel cell stack 1, after liquid-gas separation, the hydrogen enters the hydrogen dehydration tank 4 from the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank 2 and is pumped into the hydrogen storage tank 6 for storage through the hydrogen booster pump 23, and the separated water is pumped into the fuel cell stack 1 again through the electrolyzed water pump 12 for electrolysis.
Here, the electrolyzed water is pumped into the anode side and the cathode side of the fuel cell stack 1 by the electrolyzed water pump 12, which is also beneficial to the pressure balance of the gas and liquid at the two sides of the proton exchange membrane, plays a role in protecting the proton exchange membrane, and prevents the proton exchange membrane from being damaged due to the pressure difference at the two sides.
2. Fuel cell power generation mode operation
Referring to fig. 5, when the power supply is in short supply according to the load condition of the monitored power grid, the system power conversion controller 36 works to provide part of the power or start the system battery to supply power to the system, so that the hydrogen electric pressure reducer 25 and the oxygen electric pressure reducer 26 start to work, the hydrogen in the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 6 and the oxygen in the high-pressure oxygen storage tank 5 are reduced in pressure through the hydrogen electric pressure reducer 25 and the oxygen electric pressure reducer 26, to the anode side of the fuel cell stack 1 (the hydrogen inlet 101 side is the anode side as compared with the water electrolysis mode) and the cathode side of the fuel cell stack 1 (the oxygen inlet 104 is the cathode side as compared with the water electrolysis mode), respectively, at which time, the first solenoid valve 16, the hydrogen supply solenoid valve 19, and the oxygen supply solenoid valve 20 are all in an open state, and the second solenoid valve 17 and the third solenoid valve 18 are all in a closed state. The chemical reaction is performed under the action of a catalyst to generate electricity, and the electricity is converted into alternating current through inversion, rectification, filtering and the like of a DC/AC voltage converter 3602 to realize grid-connected power generation.
Meanwhile, the circulating water system of the heat energy regeneration circulating system works (the electrolyzed water circulation supply system does not work), the circulating water pump 9 of the heat energy regeneration circulating system runs, water in the circulating water tank 8 is pumped into the fuel cell stack 1 through the circulating water inlet 105 of the fuel cell stack 1 and enters the second heat exchange tube 31 through the circulating water outlet 106, flows through the first heat exchange tube 30 and the radiator 33 and returns to the circulating water tank 8, and the fuel cell stack is cooled to ensure the normal work of the electric stack.
Further, circulating water passes through the fuel cell stack 1, and when the circulating water flows through the second heat exchange tube 31 and the first heat exchange tube 30 in the process of discharging heat generated by chemical reaction in the stack, the circulating water exchanges heat with the electrolytic water in the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank 3 and the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank 2 respectively, and part of heat is transferred to the electrolytic water, so that the recovery and storage of part of heat are realized; because the reaction process of hydrogen and oxygen production by water electrolysis is completely opposite to the power generation process of the fuel cell and is an endothermic reaction, the higher the temperature of the electrolyzed water is, the higher the reaction speed is, and the electrolysis efficiency of the system is improved. Therefore, in the process of hydrogen and oxygen production by water electrolysis, the stored heat of the water electrolysis is reused, so that the cyclic utilization of the heat is realized.
Further, the electrolytic water with higher temperature (about 65-75 ℃) stored in the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank 2 and the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank 3 is beneficial to keeping a certain temperature of the whole device, especially under the condition of lower outdoor temperature, low-temperature quick start can be realized, and the temperature of the system is not required to be raised or kept through long-time electric heating, so that unnecessary power loss is greatly reduced, and the purposes of saving energy and improving the system efficiency are achieved.
Further, when the fuel cell is in a power generation working state, when the temperature of the electrolyzed water in the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank 2 and the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank 3 reaches about 65-75 ℃, the radiator 33 in the circulating pipeline starts to work, and redundant heat is discharged to the outside of the device, so that the normal power generation of the fuel cell system is ensured.
3. Working process of nitrogen replacement system
The hydrogen pipeline of the system is provided with a nitrogen replacement system for system maintenance, and during the system maintenance and repair, the hydrogen residual gas in the pipeline and the system is removed and replaced to ensure the safety of the system:
when the device needs system maintenance, external (or cut) electric power is closed, the hydrogen supply electromagnetic valve 19 at the inlet of the hydrogen pipeline is closed, the hydrogen tail exhaust electromagnetic valve 21 is opened, then the first replacement electromagnetic valve 27 and the second replacement electromagnetic valve 28 are opened, nitrogen is introduced for purging, hydrogen residual gas in the system is exhausted, and the hydrogen residual gas is exhausted to the outside of the system through the tail of the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank.
4. Working process of purified water production
A water inlet of the purified water production device 7 is externally connected with a tap water pipe, the purified water generated by the purified water production device is divided into three branches, the first branch is used as electrolysis water and is connected to the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank, and a first water replenishing electromagnetic valve is arranged at the inlet of the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank;
the second branch is used as electrolysis water and connected to the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank, and a second water replenishing electromagnetic valve is arranged at an electrolyzed water inlet of the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank;
when the liquid level sensors 32 arranged on the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank 2 and the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank 3 (or one of the two) for storing the electrolyzed water detect that the water level of the electrolyzed water is at the low-position warning line position, the first water replenishing electromagnetic valve 13 and the second water replenishing electromagnetic valve 14 are opened to replenish the electrolyzed water for the system; when the liquid level sensor 32 detects that the level of the electrolyzed water is at the high-level warning line position, the first water supplement electromagnetic valve 13 and the second water supplement electromagnetic valve 14 are closed, and the system is stopped from being supplemented with the electrolyzed water;
the third branch is connected to the circulation tank 8 as a circulation water supplement, and a third water supplement solenoid valve 15 is provided at an inlet of the circulation tank 8. The branch system carries out regular water supplement, and when circulating water needs to be supplemented, the third water supplement electromagnetic valve 15 is opened to supplement water for the system.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Even if various changes are made to the present invention, the changes still fall within the scope of the present invention if they fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. An energy regeneration circulating device of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is characterized by comprising a hydrogen regeneration circulating system, an oxygen regeneration circulating system, a heat energy regeneration circulating system and a power inverter system;
the device structurally comprises a regenerative hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack, a hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank, a hydrogen dehydration tank, a hydrogen storage tank, an oxygen liquid-gas separation tank, an oxygen storage tank, a circulating water pump, an electrolyzed water pump, a water tank, a radiator and an electric power conversion controller;
the regenerative hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack comprises a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet, an oxygen inlet, an oxygen outlet, a circulating water inlet and a circulating water outlet; a first heat exchange tube is arranged in the hydrogen gas-liquid separation tank, and a second heat exchange tube is arranged in the oxygen gas-liquid separation tank;
a hydrogen outlet of the regenerated hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack is connected to an inlet of the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank, an outlet of the hydrogen liquid-gas separator is connected to an inlet of the hydrogen dehydration tank, a first electromagnetic valve is arranged on a pipeline connected with the hydrogen dehydration tank, an outlet of the hydrogen dehydration tank is connected to the hydrogen storage tank, and an outlet of the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the hydrogen inlet of the regenerated hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack to form a hydrogen regeneration circulating system, so that when electrolyzed water runs, the hydrogen can be supplied to the outside;
an oxygen outlet of the regenerated hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack is connected to an inlet of the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank, an outlet of the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank is connected to an inlet of the oxygen storage tank, an outlet of the oxygen storage tank is connected to an oxygen inlet of the regenerated hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack to form an oxygen regeneration circulating system, and oxygen can be supplied to the outside when water electrolysis is performed;
the heat energy regeneration circulating system comprises a circulating water system and an electrolytic water circulating supply system;
the outlet of the circulating water pump is connected with the circulating water inlet of the regenerative oxyhydrogen fuel cell stack, the circulating water outlet of the regenerative oxyhydrogen fuel cell stack is connected with the inlet of the second heat exchange pipe, the outlet of the second heat exchange pipe is connected with the inlet of the first heat exchange pipe, the outlet of the first heat exchange pipe is connected with the inlet of the radiator, the outlet of the radiator is connected with the water tank, and the outlet of the water tank is connected with the inlet of the circulating water pump to form the circulating water system;
the outlet of the electrolyzed water pump is connected to the hydrogen inlet and the oxygen inlet of the regenerated hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack, the hydrogen outlet and the oxygen outlet are respectively connected to the inlets of the hydrogen-liquid-gas separation tank and the oxygen-liquid-gas separation tank, and the condensed water outlets at the bottoms of the hydrogen-liquid-gas separation tank and the oxygen-liquid-gas separation tank are converged and then connected to the inlet of the electrolyzed water pump to form the electrolyzed water circulating supply system;
and the electrode of the regenerative hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack is connected with the DC/AC transmitter or the AC/DC transmitter of the power conversion controller to form the power inversion system.
2. The energy regeneration and recycling device of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein a first pressure sensor is arranged at the hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen exhaust solenoid valve is arranged at the hydrogen outlet, a second pressure sensor is arranged on the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank, and a third pressure sensor is arranged on the hydrogen storage tank;
the oxygen inlet is provided with a fourth pressure sensor, the oxygen outlet is provided with an oxygen tail exhaust back pressure valve, the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank is provided with a fifth pressure sensor, and the oxygen storage tank is provided with a sixth pressure sensor.
3. The energy regeneration and circulation device of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank is provided with a hydrogen booster pump, and the outlet of the hydrogen storage tank is provided with a hydrogen electric pressure reducer.
4. The energy regeneration and recycling device of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein an oxygen booster pump is arranged at the oxygen inlet of the oxygen storage tank, and an electric oxygen pressure reducer is arranged at the outlet of the oxygen storage tank.
5. The energy source regeneration circulating device of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein a second electromagnetic valve is arranged at the outlet pipeline of the electrolyzed water pump, which is connected with the hydrogen inlet, and a third electromagnetic valve is arranged at the outlet pipeline of the electrolyzed water pump, which is connected with the oxygen inlet.
6. The oxyhydrogen fuel cell energy regeneration circulating device according to claim 1, wherein a first temperature sensor is arranged at a circulating water inlet of the regeneration oxyhydrogen fuel cell stack, and a second temperature sensor is arranged at a circulating water outlet of the regeneration oxyhydrogen fuel cell stack.
7. The oxyhydrogen fuel cell energy regeneration circulation device according to claim 1, wherein an electric heater is further provided in the pipe of the circulation water system at a position of a circulation water inlet of the regenerated oxyhydrogen fuel cell stack in the circulation water system.
8. The energy regeneration and recycling device of oxyhydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a hydrogen replacement system, a first replacement solenoid valve is arranged on the hydrogen inlet pipeline of the regenerative oxyhydrogen fuel cell stack; a second replacement electromagnetic valve is arranged on a pipeline for discharging the hydrogen residual gas;
and external nitrogen enters the regenerated hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack through a hydrogen inlet of the regenerated hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack, enters the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank through the hydrogen outlet, and is discharged by replacing hydrogen in the system through the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank.
9. The energy regeneration and circulation device of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a purified water production device, wherein the water inlet of the purified water production device is externally connected with a tap water pipe, the purified water produced by the purified water production device is divided into three branches, the first branch is connected to the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank as electrolysis water, and a first water replenishing solenoid valve is arranged at the electrolysis water inlet of the oxygen liquid-gas separation tank;
the second branch is used as electrolysis water and connected to the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank, and a second water replenishing electromagnetic valve is arranged at an electrolysis water inlet of the hydrogen liquid-gas separation tank;
the third branch is connected to the circulating water tank as circulating water replenishing, and a third water replenishing electromagnetic valve is arranged at an inlet of the circulating water tank.
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| CN114395775A (en) * | 2022-01-30 | 2022-04-26 | 华中科技大学 | Closed clean energy hydrogen production energy storage system |
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